From the Sky Down is a 2011 documentary film directed by Davis Guggenheim about rock band U2 and the production of their 1991 album Achtung Baby. The film documents the album's difficult recording period, the band members' relationships, and the group's creative process. Guggenheim, who was commissioned by U2 to create the film to commemorate the record's 20th anniversary, spent several months in 2011 developing the documentary. The band were filmed during a return visit to Hansa Studios in Berlin where the album was partly recorded, and during rehearsals in Winnipeg for the Glastonbury Festival 2011. The film contains unreleased scenes from the group's 1988 motion picture Rattle and Hum, along with archival footage and stills from the Achtung Baby recording sessions. One sequence from the film recounts the improvization of the album's emblematic song "One" through the replaying of old recording tapes.

The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8, 2011, the first time in the festival's history that a documentary was screened as the opening film. Beginning in October, a series of television broadcasts commenced, including showings on BBC Television, Showtime, and Super Channel. The film was bundled in the deluxe editions of Achtung Baby's 20th anniversary reissue and was later released as standalone copies on Blu-ray and DVD on December 12, 2011. Reviews from critics were mixed; many found the insight into the band's creative process informative, while others judged that the film did not provide enough depth in covering the album.

Background[link]

After the commercial and critical success of their 1987 album The Joshua Tree, U2 produced a motion picture and companion album titled Rattle and Hum that was subject to a critical backlash.^[1] The band's exploration of American music for the project was variously labelled as "pretentious"^[2] and "misguided and bombastic".^[3] The group's high exposure and their reputation for being overly serious led to accusations of grandiosity and self-righteousness.^[1][2] In addition to the criticism they faced, U2 dealt with internal creative dissatisfaction; lead vocalist Bono believed they were musically unprepared for their success, and drummer Larry Mullen, Jr. said, "We were the biggest, but we weren't the best".^[1][4] Towards the end of the Lovetown Tour in 1989, Bono announced on-stage that it was "the end of something for U2", and that "we have to go away and ... dream it all up again".^[5]

Wishing to reinvent themselves and seeking inspiration from German reunification, the group de-camped to Hansa Studios in Berlin in October 1990 with producers Daniel Lanois and Brian Eno to record Achtung Baby.^[6] The sessions, however, were fraught with conflict, as the band argued over their musical direction and the quality of their material. Weeks of tension and slow progress nearly took their toll, as the group considered breaking up, but they made a breakthrough with the improvised writing of the song "One".^[7] With improved morale, the group completed the album in Dublin in 1991. In November, Achtung Baby was released to critical acclaim. Sonically, it incorporated influences from alternative rock, electronic dance music, and industrial music of the time.^[8] Thematically, it was a more introspective and personal record; it was darker, yet at times more flippant than the band's previous work. The album and the subsequent multimedia-intensive Zoo TV Tour were central to the group's 1990s reinvention, which replaced their earnest public image with a more lighthearted and self-deprecating one.^[9] Achtung Baby has been one of the group's most commercially successful records, selling 18 million copies.^[10]

Production[link]

Director Davis Guggenheim was allowed access to the band's archives for the film and despite the group's reservations, he was given final say over the film's content.

To commemorate the 20th anniversary of Achtung Baby's original release, U2 reissued the record in several formats in October 2011.^[11][12] Leading up to the anniversary, the band were unsure how much attention to pay to a past album while still an active recording act. Guitarist The Edge said, "How big a deal do we make of an anniversary when we're in the middle of what we're doing now? We had a hard time figuring that out. We're not a heritage act. We're still very active. But this record was so pivotal that we felt it was OK to revisit it."^[10] Director Davis Guggenheim was subsequently commissioned by the band to make a film about Achtung Baby in six months. As a fan of U2 since his youth and having previously collaborated with The Edge for the 2008 documentary It Might Get Loud, Guggenheim obliged.^[13] His aim for the film was to explain how U2 managed to remain together for so long, whereas most rock groups were undone by internal conflict;^[14] he described the band's longevity as "fighting against that law of physics".^[15] Guggenheim also sought to tell the story of how the band transformed themselves musically over the course of Achtung Baby's recording sessions.^[16]

While U2 were on the South American leg of their U2 360° Tour from March–April 2011, Guggenheim requested complete access to the band's archives. To his surprise, they complied.^[16][17] While researching footage at their archives in Dublin, the director was impressed by unused Rattle and Hum video that he found: "You fall on your knees looking at this stuff—it's so rare and beautiful."^[18] Some of the footage included scenes of Bono throwing a tantrum in a dressing room and the band performing in a blues club. Guggenheim conducted the "sound-only" interviews with the band members that comprise much of the film while they were in Santiago, Chile.^[19] After their touring obligations in South America ended, the band met Guggenheim in Berlin for two days in May "to go back to the scene of the crime".^[16][20] They were filmed at Hansa Studios performing songs from the album and speaking to Guggenheim in long individual interviews.^[16] Additionally, the group were filmed touring Berlin and driving a Trabant,^[20] an automobile that previously appeared in the album artwork for Achtung Baby and was used in the lighting system of the Zoo TV Tour.^[21][22]

The band expected a less personal treatment for the film and were at times uncomfortable with the extent to which Guggenheim probed into their history. The Edge summarized the band's thoughts: "We felt uncomfortable with where Davis went, but it's all there on the album. He just did a bit of delving." Responding to the band's concerns, Guggenheim said, "I tell the story that's in front of me, warts and all. In the rock 'n' roll business, it's about adding layers. My process strips layers away. Rock stars are more comfortable creating an aura and mystique." Despite U2's discomfort, they allowed Guggenheim to have creative control over the film.^[10] He remarked, "They said from the beginning, we want you to make the movie that you want to make and they let me make the movie I wanted to make. It was pretty astounding. I think part of it is the trust we gained doing It Might Get Loud, they sort of let me have a free hand."^[18] Bono said that it was least involved the band had ever been in a U2 project.^[10] Additional filming took place on May 27 at Burton Cummings Theatre in Winnipeg during the band's rehearsals for the Glastonbury Festival 2011.^[19][23] A rough cut of the movie was shown to the group in July, much to their satisfaction. According to Guggenheim, "They were over the moon. They loved it."^[19] The band did not demand any changes to the film but did request that it be shortened for length, which Guggenheim agreed to do.^[10]

Release[link]

From the Sky Down premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) on September 8, 2011.^[24] It marked the first time in the festival's history that a documentary was shown as the opening film. Bono, The Edge, and Guggenheim attended the premiere and appeared on stage prior to the film's showing to make brief remarks.^[25] The first television broadcast of From the Sky Down was held in the UK on BBC Television on October 9, 2011 as part of the Imagine series,^[26][27] while the first American broadcast was on October 29, 2011 on the television network Showtime.^[19] Two days later, the film was commercially released on DVD in the "Über Deluxe" and "Super Deluxe" editions of the 20th anniversary reissue of Achtung Baby.^[28] Distribution rights to the film in Canada were acquired by BBC Worldwide Canada, who licensed it for broadcast on Super Channel on November 19, 2011.^[29] Standalone copies of From the Sky Down were released on Blu-ray and DVD on December 12, 2011, containing bonus footage of the band performing at Hansa Studios and a question-and-answer session with Bono, The Edge, and Guggenheim from TIFF.^[27]

Reception[link]

Critics' reviews of From the Sky Down have been mixed. Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an enthusiastic review, describing it as "one of the most transcendent close-up looks at the process of creating rock & roll I've ever seen." In his opinion, the film was a "stirring testament to what it really means when four people in this world can create magical things because they band together."^[30] Hank Steuver of The Washington Post called it an "intriguing" documentary that "becomes a revealing and even enlightening meditation on the mystery of why some bands stay together and some don't." The review said the film is "refreshingly blunt and beautifully assembled", and it praised Guggenheim for asking the band tough questions about that period in their history.^[31] Brad Wheeler of The Globe and Mail gave the film a three-out-of-four-star rating, calling it an "essential companion piece" to the reissue of Achtung Baby. Wheeler wrote that "the process of U2 dreaming itself a new fashion while struggling to get its joy back is tightly and adroitly explored".^[32] Radio broadcaster Alan Cross wrote that the viewer will "come out with a new appreciation of what it takes to be U2". Cross enjoyed the scenes in which the band revisit old DAT tapes demonstrating the evolution of the songs "Mysterious Ways" and "One", along with the animated scenes.^[33] Drew McWeeny of HitFix wrote that the documentary is not a "complete record" of Achtung Baby's conception, but that it "offers fans a rare glimpse at the process behind U2's music, and for non-fans, it attempts to set a context in which they can appreciate what it is that U2 accomplished". Like other reviewers, he highlighted the scene in which the band revisits the recording of "One" as one of the film's most important. McWeeny ended his review by saying, "This may not be everything I wanted from the movie, but it's solid, and the glimpse we get of real creative alchemy is impressive, indeed."^[34]

Other reviewers were more critical. Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times said the film "has a few segments that get beyond platitudes". He enjoyed the sequences that highlighted individual songs but noted the documentary "doesn't have much in the way of full songs".^[35] Steven Zeitchik of the Los Angeles Times called From the Sky Down a "procedural look" at the album's inception. Although he enjoyed Bono's humorous insights, Zeitchik said that "much of the movie is abstract, insider stuff about how he and others find inspiration".^[36] John DeFore of The Hollywood Reporter pointed out the limited scope of the film, calling it "neither a comprehensive portrait nor one of those tossed-off featurettes that would be at home only as the filler for a commemorative Achtung Baby boxed set". Commenting on Guggenheim's filmmaking style, DeFore judged that some of his attempts to make the film more "movie-ish" failed to enhance the subject material. In the reviewer's opinion, this gave the "impression of a filmmaker who can tell this story competently but isn't quite up to making a lasting film about one of rock history's most successful bands".^[37] Steven Hyden of The A.V. Club gave the film a C+, calling it "occasionally enlightening but mostly frustrating". The review lamented the lack of coverage of most of the album's songs, and in Hyden's opinion, it was ironic that the band was trying to live down the "ego-inflating" Rattle and Hum in a film that he also considered "ego-inflating".^[38]

References[link]

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links[link]

• From the Sky Down at the Internet Movie Database

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2010)

From The Sky is the debut studio album by British rock band Blackbud, released on July 31, 2006, on Independiente.

Track listing[link]

1. Barefoot Dancing
2. 1:5:8
3. Switch
4. Heartbeat
5. Goodbye Song (Cold Haroundan)
6. Steal Away
7. Sitting By the River
8. Forever
9. Alone
10. Days Passing Away
11. Market Streets (includes hidden track)

Personnel[link]

• Joe Taylor (Guitars, Vocals, Organ)
• Sam Nadel (Drums, Percussion, Backing Vocals)
• Adam Newton (Bass, Backing Vocals, Melodica)

with

• Marie Berard (Violin)
• Annalee Patipatanakoon (Viola)
• Steve Dan (Viola)
• Roman Borys (Cello)
• Lou Pomanti (Keyboards)

Davis Guggenheim
Davis Guggenheim, June 2009
Born	Philip Davis Guggenheim (1963-11-03) November 3, 1963 (age 48) St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Alma mater	Brown University (1986)
Occupation	Film/television director and producer
Years active	1991–present
Spouse	Elisabeth Shue (1994–present)

Philip Davis Guggenheim (born November 3, 1963) is an American film director and producer. His credits as a producer and director include Training Day, The Shield, Alias, 24, NYPD Blue, ER, Deadwood, and Party of Five and the documentaries An Inconvenient Truth, The Road We've Traveled and Waiting for 'Superman'. Since 2006, Guggenheim is the only filmmaker to release three different documentaries that were ranked within the top 100 highest-grossing documentaries of all time (An Inconvenient Truth, It Might Get Loud, and Waiting for 'Superman').^[1]

Life and career[link]

He was born Philip Davis Guggenheim in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Marion Davis (née Streett) and film director and producer Charles Guggenheim.^[2] His father was Jewish and his mother was Christian.^[3][4] He graduated from The Potomac School (McLean, Virginia) in 1979, from Sidwell Friends School in 1982, and later moved on to Brown University, where he graduated in 1986.

Guggenheim joined the crew of the HBO western drama Deadwood as a producer and director for the first season in 2004. The series was created by David Milch and focused on a growing town in the American West. Guggenheim directed the episodes "Deep Water",^[5] "Reconnoitering the Rim",^[6] "Plague"^[7] and "Sold Under Sin".^[8] Guggenheim left the crew at the end of the first season.

He directed the pilot episode of The Unit.

He directed and produced An Inconvenient Truth, which won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. This documentary featured Al Gore and his international slideshow on global warming. Guggenheim set out to bring light to a subject that many people had brushed off as nothing more than a government hoax.

He directed Barack Obama's biographical film, which aired during the Democratic National Convention, and Obama's infomercial, which was broadcast on 29 October 2008. In 2012, he released The Road We've Traveled, a 17-minute short film on the president.^[9]

Davis directed and was an executive producer of the 2009 pilot for Melrose Place. His brother-in-law Andrew Shue starred on the '90s version of the series.

In 2008, he released It Might Get Loud, a documentary that glimpses into the lives of guitarists Jimmy Page, The Edge, and Jack White.

His 2010 documentary Waiting for "Superman", a pro-charter school film about the failures of American public education sparked controversy and debate. Guggenheim knew his film would lead to this and said, "I know people will say this movie is anti-this or pro-that. But it really is all about families trying to find great schools".^[10] This film received the Audience Award for best documentary at the 2010 Sundance Film Festival. Its public release was in September 2010.

His documentary film about the band U2, From the Sky Down, opened the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival in September.^[11]

Personal life[link]

He is married to American actress Elisabeth Shue. The couple have three children, Miles William, Stella Street, and Agnes Charles.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Davis Guggenheim at the Internet Movie Database
• Teach
• Biography
• Interview
• Riverfront Times interview
• "Waiting for Superman" to Save Our Public Schools: An in-depth interview with Director Davis Guggenheim
• [Ripley, A. (2010). A Call to Action for Public Schools. (Cover story). Time, 176(12), 32-42.]

The Edge
Background information
Birth name	David Howell Evans
Born	(1961-08-08) 8 August 1961 (age 50) Barking, Essex, England, United Kingdom
Origin	County Dublin, Ireland
Genres	Rock, post-punk, alternative rock
Occupations	Musician, songwriter, activist
Instruments	Guitar, vocals, keyboards, piano, bass guitar
Years active	1976–present
Labels	Island, Mercury
Associated acts	U2, Passengers
Website	www.u2.com
Notable instruments
Gibson Explorer Fender Stratocaster Gibson Les Paul Fender Telecaster Gretsch Country Gentleman Gretsch White Falcon Rickenbacker 330/12

David Howell Evans (born 8 August 1961), more widely known by his stage name The Edge (or just Edge),^[1] is a musician best known as the guitarist, backing vocalist, and keyboardist of the Irish rock band U2. A member of the group since its inception, he has recorded 12 studio albums with the band and has released one solo record. As a guitarist, The Edge has crafted a minimalistic and textural style of playing. His use of a rhythmic delay effect yields a distinctive ambient, chiming sound that has become a signature of U2's music.

The Edge was born in England to a Welsh family, but was raised in Ireland after moving there as an infant. In 1976, at Mount Temple Comprehensive School, he formed U2 with his fellow students and his older brother Dik. Inspired by the ethos of punk rock and its basic arrangements, the group began to write its own material. They eventually became one of the most popular acts in popular music, with successful albums such as 1987's The Joshua Tree and 1991's Achtung Baby. Over the years, The Edge has experimented with various guitar effects and introduced influences from several genres of music into his own style, including American roots music, industrial music, and alternative rock. With U2, The Edge has also played keyboards, co-produced their 1993 record Zooropa, and occasionally contributed lyrics. The Edge met his second and current wife, Morleigh Steinberg, through her collaborations with the band.

As a member of U2 and as an individual, The Edge has campaigned for human rights and philanthropic causes. He co-founded Music Rising, a charity to support musicians affected by Hurricane Katrina. He has collaborated with U2 bandmate Bono on several projects, including songs for Roy Orbison and Tina Turner, and the soundtracks to the musical Spider-Man: Turn Off the Dark and the Royal Shakespeare Company's London stage adaptation of A Clockwork Orange. In 2011, Rolling Stone magazine placed him at number 38 on its list of "The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time".

Personal life[link]

The Edge at a U2 concert in Anaheim (2005)

David Howell Evans was born at the Barking Maternity Hospital,^[2] Essex, England to Welsh parents Garvin and Gwenda Evans.^[1] When he was one, his family moved to County Dublin, Ireland where he attended St Andrew's National School. He received piano and guitar lessons and often performed with his brother Dik Evans before they both answered an advertisement posted by Larry Mullen, Jr. at their school, Mount Temple Comprehensive School, seeking musicians to form a band.^[3] The band accepted both of them. This band went through several incarnations before emerging as U2 in March 1978 (Dik Evans left the band just before the name change).^[3] U2 began performing in various venues in Ireland and eventually began developing a following. Their debut album, Boy, was released in 1980.

In 1981, leading up to the October tour, Evans came very close to leaving U2 for religious reasons, but he decided to stay.^[3] During this period, he became involved with a group called Shalom Tigers, in which bandmates Bono and Larry Mullen Jr. were also involved.^[4] Shortly after deciding to remain with the band, he wrote a piece of music that later became "Sunday Bloody Sunday".^[3] The Edge married his high school girlfriend Aislinn O'Sullivan on 12 July 1983.^[5] The couple had three daughters together: Hollie in 1984, Arran in 1985 and Blue Angel in 1989.^[4] The couple separated in 1990, but were unable to get officially divorced because of Irish laws regarding marriage annulment; divorce was legalised in 1995 and the couple were legally divorced in 1996.^[4]

In 1993, The Edge began dating Morleigh Steinberg, a professional dancer and choreographer employed by the band as a belly dancer during the Zoo TV Tour. They had a daughter, Sian (born 1997), and a son, Levi (born 25 October 1999),^[4] before marrying on 22 June 2002.^[4] He appeared in the 2009 music documentary film It Might Get Loud.^[6] The Edge has been criticized for his efforts to build five luxury mansions on a 156 acre plot of land in Malibu, California.^[7] The California Coastal Commission voted 8-4 against the plans, with the project described by the commission's executive director, Peter Douglas, as "In 38 years...one of the three worst projects that I've seen in terms of environmental devastation...It's a contradiction in terms – you can't be serious about being an environmentalist and pick this location."^[7] The Santa Monica Mountains Conservancy agreed to remain neutral on the issue following a $1 million donation from The Edge and a commitment from The Edge to designate 100 acres of the land as open space for public footpaths.^[7]

Music style[link]

Guitar playing[link]

As a guitar player, The Edge has a sound typified by a low-key playing style, a chiming, shimmering sound (thanks in part to the sound of VOX AC-30s) that he achieves with extensive use of delay effects and reverb. The feedback delay is often set to a dotted eighth note (3/16 of a measure), and the feedback gain is adjusted until a note played repeats two or three times.^{[citation needed]}

On 1987's The Joshua Tree, The Edge often contributes just a few simple lead lines given depth and richness by an ever-present delay. For example, the introduction to "Where the Streets Have No Name" is simply a repeated six-note arpeggio, broadened by a modulated delay effect. The Edge has said that he views musical notes as "expensive", in that he prefers to play as few notes as possible. He said in 1982 of his style,

"I like a nice ringing sound on guitar, and most of my chords I find two strings and make them ring the same note, so it's almost like a 12-string sound. So for E I might play a B, E, E and B and make it ring. It works very well with the Gibson Explorer. It's funny because the bass end of the Explorer was so awful that I used to stay away from the low strings, and a lot of the chords I played were very trebly, on the first four, or even three strings. I discovered that through using this one area of the fretboard I was developing a very stylized way of doing something that someone else would play in a normal way."^[9]

Many different influences have shaped The Edge's guitar technique.^{[citation needed]} His first guitar was an old acoustic guitar that his mother bought him at a local flea market for only a few pounds; he was nine at the time. He and his brother Dik Evans both experimented with this instrument.^[9] He said in 1982 of this early experimentation, "I suppose the first link in the chain was a visit to the local jumble sale where I purchased a guitar for a pound. That was my first instrument. It was an acoustic guitar and me and my elder brother Dik both played it, plonking away, all very rudimentary stuff, open chords and all that."^[9] The Edge has stated that many of his guitar parts are based around guitar effects. This is especially true from the Achtung Baby era onwards, although much of the band's 1980s material made heavy use of echos.

Vocals[link]

The Edge in June 2005

The Edge also supplies the backing vocals for U2. U2's 1983 live album and video release, Under a Blood Red Sky and Live at Red Rocks: Under a Blood Red Sky are good reference points for his singing (as are the live DVDs from the Elevation Tour, U2 Go Home: Live from Slane Castle and Elevation 2001: Live from Boston). For example, he sings the chorus to "Sunday Bloody Sunday" (Bono harmonizes on the final 'Sunday'). U2 used this tradeoff technique later in "Bullet the Blue Sky" as well. His backing vocals are sometimes in the form of a repeated cry; examples of songs that use this approach include "Beautiful Day", "New Year's Day" and "Stay (Faraway, So Close!)". Another technique he uses in his backing vocals is the falsetto, in songs such as "Stuck in a Moment You Can't Get Out Of", "Sometimes You Can't Make It on Your Own", "A Man and a Woman", "The Wanderer", live versions of "The Fly", and "Window in the Skies".

The Edge sings the lead vocal on "Van Diemen's Land" and "Numb", the first half of the song "Seconds", dual vocals with Bono in "Discotheque", and the bridge in the song "Miracle Drug".^[4] He also sings the occasional lead vocal in live renditions of other songs (such as "Sunday Bloody Sunday" during the PopMart Tour and "Party Girl" during the Rotterdam Zoo TV show when it was Bono's birthday).^[10] He also plays a solo acoustic version of the song "Love is Blindness" that is featured in the documentary film From the Sky Down.

Other instruments[link]

He has played piano and keyboards on many of the band's songs, including "I Fall Down", "October", "So Cruel", "New Year's Day", "Running to Stand Still", "Miss Sarajevo", "The Hands that Built America", and "Original of the Species" and others. He plays the organ on "Please". In live versions of "New Year's Day", "The Unforgettable Fire", "Your Blue Room", and "Moment of Surrender", he plays both the piano and guitar parts alternately. In most live versions of "Original of the Species," piano is the only instrument played during the song. Although The Edge is the band's lead guitarist, he occasionally plays bass guitar, including the live performances of the song "40" where The Edge and bassist Adam Clayton switch instruments.

Solo recordings[link]

In addition to his regular role within U2, The Edge has also recorded with such artists as Johnny Cash, B. B. King, Tina Turner, Ronnie Wood, Jay-Z, and Rihanna. The Edge connected with Brian Eno and Lanois collaborator Michael Brook (the creator of the infinite guitar, which he regularly uses), working with him on the score to the film Captive (1986). From this soundtrack the song "Heroine", the vocal of which was sung by a young Sinéad O'Connor was released as a single.

He also created the theme song for season one and two of The Batman. He and fellow U2 member, Bono, wrote the lyrics to the theme of the 1995 James Bond film GoldenEye. The Edge, along with bandmate Bono, recently composed a musical adaptation of Spider-Man. On May 25, 2011, a single titled Rise Above 1: Reeve Carney Featuring Bono and The Edge was released digitally.^[11] The music video was released on July 28, 2011.^[12]

Musical equipment[link]

Edge's 1964 Vox AC30 on stage in Foxborough for the U2 360° Tour.

The Edge plays electric guitar, acoustic guitar, keyboards, piano, bass guitar (on "40" and "Race Against Time") and lap steel guitar. Compared to many lead guitarists, The Edge is known for using many more guitars during a show. According to his guitar tech Dallas Schoo, a typical lead guitarist uses four or five different guitars in one night, whereas The Edge takes 45 on the road, and uses 17 to 19 in one 2.5-hour concert. He is estimated to have more than 200 guitars in the studio.^{[citation needed]}

Philanthropy[link]

In 2005, The Edge along with Bob Ezrin and Henry Juszkiewicz co-founded Music Rising, a charity that helped provide replacement instruments for those that were lost in Hurricane Katrina. The instruments were originally only replaced for professional musicians but they soon realized the community churches and schools needed instruments as well. The charity's slogan is "Rebuilding the Gulf Region note by note" and has so far helped over a hundred musicians who were affected by Hurricane Katrina. The Edge also serves on the board of the Angiogenesis Foundation, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization dedicated to improving global health by advancing angiogenesis-based medicine, diets, and lifestyle.^[13]

See also[link]

• Timeline of U2
• List of people on stamps of Ireland

References[link]

Footnotes

Bibliography

External links[link]

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (October 2011)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: The Edge

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: The Edge

• U2.com, official U2 site
• Music Rising
• The Edge at the Internet Movie Database
• The Edge – Album Credits
• A Study of The Edge's Guitar Delay
• The Edge: 'It's all about the vision'
• Food Bank For New York City public service announcement
• Comment on the mathematical analysis of The Edge's guitar sound