St. Francis Xavier's Parish
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese	聖方濟各堂區
Simplified Chinese	圣方济各堂区
Cantonese Jyutping	Sing3 Fong1 Zai2 Go3 Tong4 Koe1
Transcriptions Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin Shèngfāngjìgè Tángqū - IPA [ʂə̂ŋfɑ́ŋtɕîkɤ̂ tʰɑ̌ŋtɕʰý] Cantonese (Yue) - Jyutping Sing3 Fong1 Zai2 Go3 Tong4 Koe1 - IPA [ɕɪ̄ŋ fɔ́ːŋ tsɐ̌i kɔ̄ː tsɔ̄ː tʰɔ̏ːŋ kʰœ́ː]
Portuguese name
Portuguese	Freguesia de São Francisco Xavier

Coloane is one of the two main islands of the Macau Special Administrative Region, located directly south of Macau's other main island, Taipa (氹仔, Dàngzǎi), and east of Hengqin Island of Zhuhai in Guangdong province.

Coloane was known in Cantonese as Gau Ou Saan (九澳山, lit. "Nine-inlet Mountain", transcribed in Portuguese as Ká-Hó) and Yim Zou Waan (鹽灶灣, lit. "Salt-stove Bay"). The Portuguese name "Coloane" is derived from the Cantonese pronunciation of Gwo Lou Waan (過路環, lit. "Passing-road Ring").

Geography[link]

Cotai Strip 2009

Coloane has an area of 8.07 km² (4-km long) and is 5.6 km from the Macau Peninsula. It is connected to Taipa by a 2.2 km land-fill bridge, the Estrada do Istmo, however land reclamation has physically connected the two islands and a new town called Cotai has been built between Taipa and Coloane, which is home to the Cotai Strip and many other casinos under development.

The narrowest part of Coloane is 300 metres. The highest points in Macau are eastern and central Coloane, with the highest point being the 171-metre Alto de Coloane (Chin.: 疊石塘山, Port.: Alto de Coloane ). The northern shore of the island is 4.5 m deep, and is the site of the Macau Deepwater Port. The eastern Hac Sa Beach (Chin.: 黑沙海灘, Port.: Baía de Hác Sá) and the southern Cheoc Van Bay (Chin.: 竹灣, Port.: Baía de Cheoc Van) are popular swimming beaches. At Baía de Hác Sá there is a Portuguese restaurant called "Fernandos", famous amongst locals in Macau and tourists from Hong Kong.

History[link]

From the Song Dynasty onwards and until the Portuguese arrival in 1864, Coloane was a sea salt farm for China. After their arrival, the Portuguese made Macau an important trading port, but Coloane remained deserted, which was used as a base by pirates until 1910. The island has become more populated after the Estrada do Istmo was finished in 1969.

Tourism[link]

Famous sites on the island include:

• Tam Kung Temple (譚公廟), dedicated to Lord Tam, a Taoist god of seafares
• Old Tin Hau Temple (天后古廟)
• A-Ma Statue (媽祖像), built on October 28, 1998 (lunar calendar: September 9)
• Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, Ká-Hó (九澳七苦聖母小堂)
• Chapel of St. Francis Xavier (聖方濟各聖堂), of the São Francisco Xavier Parish (聖方濟各堂區). The chapel, built in 1928, is located on the southern coast of the island and stands near a monument commemorating a victory over pirates in 1910. The chapel used to contain some of the most sacred Christian relics in Asia, including the remains of 26 foreign and Japanese Catholic priests who were crucified in Nagasaki in 1597, as well as those of some of the Japanese Christians who were killed during the Shimabara Rebellion in 1637. Among them was a bone from the arm of St. Francis Xavier, who died in 1552 on Sanchuan Island, 50 miles (80 km) from Macau, before it was transferred to Saint Joseph's Seminary and the Sacred Art Museum [1].
• Museum of Nature and Agriculture (土地暨自然博物館)
• Avenida de Cinco de Outubro (十月初五馬路)
• Hac Sa Bay Park and Coloane Park

External links[link]

This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters.

• Google Maps : Macau / Coloane

		Cotai Landfill Zone
	Xiangzhou District		South China Sea
		St. Francis Xavier's Parish    East
		South China Sea	South China Sea

v t e Civic and Municipal Affairs Bureau (Municipalities and Parishes of Macau) Note: The following Parishes are purely symbolic there are no political administrative sub-divisions in Macau after the formation of Instituto para os Assuntos Cívicos e Municipais in 2002. Cotai was never a parish. Municipality of Macau Our Lady of Fatima Parish · St. Anthony Parish · St. Lazarus Parish · Cathedral Parish · St. Lawrence Parish Municipality of the Islands Taipa (Our Lady of Carmel Parish) · Coloane (St. Francis Xavier's Parish) · Cotai

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Coordinates: 22°07′34″N 113°34′01″E / 22.12611°N 113.56694°E / 22.12611; 113.56694

Francisco Coloane and the chronist Mario Uribe.
Francisco Coloane
Born	(1910-07-19)July 19, 1910 Quemchi, Chiloé, Chile
Died	August 5, 2002(2002-08-05) (aged 92) Santiago, Chile
Nationality	Chilean

Francisco Coloane Cárdenas (July 19, 1910, Quemchi, Chiloé Province – August 5, 2002) was a Chilean novelist and short fiction writer whose works have been translated into many languages. Some of his books were adapted to theatre and film.

Biography[link]

He was born in the southern Chilean island of Chiloé, and his literary career expanded from Perros, Caballos y Hombres ("Dogs, Horses and Men") in 1935 to the publication of his memoirs Los Pasos del Hombre (The Steps of Man) in 2000.

Among his most famous works (translated into English, French, Italian, Greek, German, Polish and Dutch) are: La Tierra del Fuego se Apagó (Tierra del Fuego Has Burnt Out, 1945), Golfo de Penas (Gulf of Sorrow, 1957), El Camino de la Ballena (The Whale's Path, 1962), El Guanaco Blanco (The White Guanaco, 1980), and El Corazón del Témpano (The Heart of the Iceberg, 1991).

Coloane was awarded the Premio Nacional de Literatura (Chilean National Prize for Literature) in 1964. In 1997, he was awarded the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Order of Arts and Letters) by the French Republic, where he won considerable notoriety for his work in the 1990s.

Coloane was an active member of the Communist Party of Chile for most of his adult life, and a lover of nature who celebrated his 89th birthday by swimming in the freezing waters of the Pacific Ocean - which in his opinion kept him “vital and active”.

Miguel Littín's movie, Tierra del fuego, is based on a work by Coloane.

Following his death, the Chilean government recognized him as a central figure of 20th-century Chilean literature.

Selected works[link]

• Cabo de Hornos (Cape Horn, 1941)
• El último grumete de la Baquedano (1941)
• La Tierra del Fuego se apagó (Tierra del Fuego Has Burnt Out, 1945)
• Golfo de Penas (1945)
• Los Conquistadores de la Antártida (1945)
• Tierra del Fuego (1956), translated by David Petreman and Howard Curtis, Europa Editions (2008) ISBN 1-933372-63-X
• El Camino de la ballena (The Whale's Path, 1962)
• El Chilote Otey y otros relatos (1971)
• Cuentos completos (Complete Stories, 1999)

References[link]

• Memoria Chilena: Portal de la Cultura de Chile. Presenta: Francisco Coloane (1910–2002)[1]
• Escritores de Chile (UNESCO)[2]
• Semblanzas Biograficas Luis Mancilla Pérez

This article about a Chilean writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Sergiu Nicolaescu
Sergiu Nicolaescu in 2009
Born	(1930-04-13)13 April 1930 Târgu Jiu, Romania
Occupation	Film director, actor, politician
Years active	1962–present

Sergiu Florin Nicolaescu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈserd͡ʒju nokolaˈesku]; born 13 April 1930) is a Romanian film director, actor and politician. He is best known for his historical films, such as Mihai Viteazul (1970, released in English both under the equivalent title Michael the Brave and also as The Last Crusade), Dacii (1966, Les Guerriers), Razboiul Independenţei (1977, War of Independence), as well as for his series of thrillers that take place in the interwar Kingdom of Romania, such as Un comisar acuză (1973, A Police Inspector Calls). He is one of the most popular film directors in Romania.

Early life and education[link]

Sergiu Nicolaescu was born in Târgu Jiu, but he grew up in Timişoara, where his family moved when he was 5 years old. He graduated from the Polytechnic University of Bucharest as a mechanical engineer. After graduation he started to work as a camera operator.

Film director[link]

Nicolaescu's debut as a director was in 1962 with the short film Scoicile nu au vorbit niciodată (Shells Have Never Spoken). His first feature film was the 1966 French-Romanian co-production Dacii (Les Guerriers). Nicolaescu continued his film-making career by directing a large number of movies and also starring in many of his own movies.

Most of Nicolaescu's films are centered on figures and events in Romanian history, and be they with a greater realism, they somehow followed the patterns of the historical movies in the Communist countries. During the Communist period, some of his movies were seen as ground-breaking through their way of publicly presenting Romanian history, while other insisted on a heroical dimension. For instance, the movie "Războiul independenţei" was the first Communist-era Romanian file to present a Romanian king (namely Carol I) in a positive fashion. On the other hand, Mircea (1989, also known as Proud Heritage) is less realized artistically, including a legendary, standardised version of reality, common in the European communist countries. Nevertheless, Mircea was officially blocked from distribution, until the Romanian Revolution of 1989 ("All I've done was to present a different state leader than Nicolae Ceauşescu. He understood and stopped the movie [from premiere]").^[1] After the latter, Nicolaescu expanded on historical themes, directing films that shed a positive light on Ion Antonescu, Romania's Axis-aligned dictator in the World War II period (his Începutul adevărului, also known as Oglinda), or glorified the World War I heroine Ecaterina Teodoroiu (Triunghiul morţii, "Triangle of Death").

An accomplished director of battle scenes, Nicolaescu allegedly produces 70–80 meters of useful shots in the time that the average other director would take to produce 12–15 meters.^[2]

Although his recent films have not been as popular as his earlier productions, he continues to direct new films, such as Orient Express (2004) or Cincisprezece (2005), a love story set against the background of the 1989 Revolution.

Politician[link]

Nicolaescu began a career as a politician after the Romanian Revolution and was elected to the Romanian Senate in 1992 as a member of the Romanian Social Democratic Party. He left the party in 2011.^[3]

Feature films[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Sergiu Nicolaescu at the Internet Movie Database
• Interview audio Sergiu Nicolaescu

Iancu Jianu (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈjaŋku ʒiˈanu]; 1787 – December 14, 1842) was a Wallachian Romanian hajduk.

Biography[link]

Born in Caracal, Oltenia, Wallachia, to the Jianu boyar family, as the youngest of four brothers. His father, Costache Jianu was a paharnic and an ispravnic of Romanaţi County.^[1]

Despite being rather wealthy, owning parts of four estates and 14 gypsy slaves, he chose to become an outlaw, opposing the idea that the leadership of the country was given to Phanariotes instead of the local boyars. According to Petre V. Nasturel, what made him become a hajduk was a tax collector (zapciu) who enforced the collection of due taxes while Iancu was away. On his return, Iancu killed the tax collector and became a runaway.^[1]

He organized a band of outlaws, which numbered 20-25 people, but usually used smaller groups of 10-12 people in his interventions. In 1821, he brought to the army of Tudor Vladimirescu just 21 people. The first known document mentioning Jianu as a hajduk is from May 6, 1812, when a report of the Great Spătar mentioned two groups of outlaws in Romanaţi County, among them being the one of Jianu.^[1]

In the following months, Jianu and a part of his hajduks were caught and on December 30, 1812, the new voivode of Wallachia, Ioan Gheorghe Caragea, ordered to the ispravnics of Romanaţi to hand them over to Bucharest where he was sent to prison, but following his relatives' intervention, he was pardoned. Iancu continued his robberies in Romanaţi and Dolj counties and his brother, Amza Jianu had to deposit at the treasury a sum of 1833 thalers which were supposed to compensate those robbed by his brother.^[1]

On 10 April 1817, Caragea wrote a letter to the Caimacam of Craiova which said that he is pardon for all his misdeeds, but if he ever repeats his acts, he would be hanged as soon as he is caught. Nevertheless, Iancu returned to his life as an outlaw, he was caught and sentenced to death by hanging. Iancu was saved by an old custom, according to which a man sentenced to death is pardoned if a woman asks him to become her husband and he accepts. Sultana Gălăşescu, a young woman from the retinue of princess Ralu, Caragea's daughter wanted him to become her husband. After the marriage with Sultana, Iancu gave up being an outlaw and retired to his estate from Fălcoi.^[1]

During the 1821 Wallachian Revolution, he and his old hajduk band enrolled in Tudor Vladimirescu's Pandur army. Being named pandur captain, in April 1821, together with Stolnic Borănescu, he was sent to Silistra, to try to convince the Mehmed Selim Pasha to give up the intervention against Tudor. However, he was arrested, being freed only in August 1821, after Tudor's army was repressed.^[1]

Returning to Wallachia, Jianu settled in Chilii, a hamlet near Caracal. He was briefly arrested in 1823 under the accusation of trying to conspire against the authorities, but he was freed soon. In 1837, he was an underruler of Olteţ plasă. Iancu had two children: Mariţa, born August 10, 1830 and Zinca, born May 24, 1835. He died on December 14, 1842 and was buried the next day at the cemetery of the Biserica Maica Domnului from Caracal, but in 1910, his remains were moved to the Caracal Cemetery, being buried next to his wife, who died in 1869.^[1]

Legacy[link]

Iancu Jianu is remembered in many folk stories and balads, such as Jianul, a folk balad written down by Vasile Alecsandri.

His house in Fălcoi was restored by architect R. Mariani, being transformed in 1959 in a museum under the name Memorial House Iancu Jianu. The commune of Cepturoaia in Olt County was renamed in 1953 in his memory Iancu Jianu, Olt.

There were three Romanian movies inspired by his life:

• IMDb: Iancu Jianu (1928)
• IMDb: Iancu Jianu, zapciul (1980)
• IMDb: Iancu Jianu, haiducul (1981)

References[link]

Romanian Wikisource has original text related to this article: Jianul