The Federation of the Italian Music Industry (FIMI) (Italian: Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana) is an umbrella organization that keeps track of virtually all aspects of the music recording industry in Italy. It was established in 1992, when major corporate labels left the previously existing organization, the Associazione Fonografici Italiani (AFI).^[1][2] During the following years, most of the Italian record labels left AFI to enter the newborn organization.^[2] As of 2011, FIMI represents 2,500 companies operating in the music business.^[3]

FIMI is a member of the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry and of the Italian employers' federation, Confindustria.^[3] Its main purpose is to protect the interests of the Italian record industry.^[3]

Starting from March 1995, the Federation of the Italian Music Industry also provides the Italian official albums chart. In January 1997, FIMI also became the provider of the Italian official singles chart. Due to the decrease of CD singles sales in Italy, FIMI replaced its physical singles chart with a digital downloads chart—based on legal Internet and mobile downloads—on 1 January 2008.^[4]

In July 2011, Enzo Mazza has been confirmed as FIMI chairman.^[5]

Charts[link]

FIMI Albums Chart[link]

In September 1994, the chairman of the Federation of the Italian Music Industry, Caccia Dominioni, announced for the first time the intention to estabilish an albums chart in order to replace the previously existing ones, considered unreliable due to their compiling methods.^[6]

The Federation of the Italian Music Industry compiled its first albums chart in March 1995. Issued on 7 March 1995, it was based on sales between 23 February 1995 and 3 March 1995.^[7] This period coincided with the first week of sales for the albums released by the 45th Sanremo Music Festival contestants, the most important music event in Italy. The first number-one album was Bruce Springsteen's Greatest Hits.^[7]

Between 1995 and 2009, the FIMI Albums Chart was based on data provided by Nielsen. Starting from January 2010, the FIMI Albums Chart's positions have been derived from GfK Retail and Technology Italia sales data. The chairman of the Federation of the Italian Music Industry, Enzo Mazza, explained this decision declairing that "the long-time partnership with Nielsen, started in 1995, was satisfying, but in a moment marked by a deep transformation and innovation of the market, we thought that the service offered by Nielsen was no more adequate".^[8]

In 1995, the chart was based on data digitally gathered by 130 sellers.^[9] The number of sellers was later increased and, as of 2011, the chart is based on the number of copies sold between Monday to Sunday by a subset of 3,400 retailers.^[10] Starting from 14 October 2011, the FIMI Albums Chart also includes digital sales.^[11]

FIMI Compilations Chart[link]

In March 1995, alongside the FIMI Albums Chart, the Federation of the Italian Music Industry also began the FIMI Compilations Chart, listing the best-selling albums by various artists. These albums are not included in the FIMI Albums Chart.^[9] The first number-one was Sanremo '95, released by RTI Music and featuring some of the songs performed during the 45th Sanremo Music Festival.^[7]

FIMI Singles Chart[link]

In January 1997, the Federation of the Italian Music Industry also started an official singles chart.^[12][2][13] The first number-one single was Depeche Mode's "Barrel of a Gun".^[13] Compiled by Nielsen,^[2] the chart listed the best-selling physical singles in Italy, but on 1 January 2008 it was replaced by the Top Digital Download, listing the best-selling digital singles.^[4] The last number one on the physical FIMI Singles Chart was "The Singles Collection" by Vasco Rossi.^[14]

FIMI DVD Chart[link]

The Italian DVD Chart was established by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry in October 2003. The first Italian DVD Chart listed only the first ten positions, and was headed by Sting's Inside the Songs of Sacred.^[15] As of July 2011, it lists the 20 best-selling music DVDs in Italy, and is compiled by ACNielsen.^[16]

Top Digital Download[link]

On 10 April 2006, FIMI published the first chart listing the best-selling digital singles in Italy.^[17] Compiled by Nielsen SoundScan, the chart was based on data provided by 10 digital stores.^[17] The first number-one single was "Sei nell'anima" by Gianna Nannini.^[18]

Due to the decrease of CD singles sales in Italy, on 1 January 2008 the Top Digital Download became the Italian official singles chart, replacing the chart based on physical sales.^[4][14]

Sales certification[link]

Sales requirements for music recordings in Italy for domestic and international repertoire is in the same levels.

Albums[link]

Note: Multi-platinum refers to albums which have sold between 120,000 and 300,000 copies.

Singles[link]

Single certification was established in 1999.^[26]

Note: Multi-platinum refers to singles which have sold more than 60,000 copies, whether on CD format or downloads.

Music DVDs[link]

List of certified albums[link]

The following is a list of albums that have been certified by the Federation of the Italian Music Industry.

This list of songs or music-related items is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.

Gold[link]

Platinum[link]

Multi-platinum[link]

Two times[link]

Three times[link]

Four times[link]

Five times[link]

• 21

Diamond[link]

See also[link]

• List of number-one hits (Italy)
• Musica e Dischi

References[link]

External links[link]

• FIMI website
• FIMI archives
• ItalianCharts.com — archives from 2000 onwards (top 20 positions only)
• Hit Parade Italia (Archives)

Galvão Bueno
Galvão Bueno (left) with politician Jaques Wagner
Born	(1950-07-21) 21 July 1950 (age 61) Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Residence	Londrina, PR, Brazil
Nationality	Brazil
Occupation	Football, Formula 1 commentator
Employer	Rede Globo, SporTV
Spouse	Desirée Soares
Children	Carlos Cacá Bueno, Paulo Popó Bueno

Carlos Eduardo dos Santos Galvão Bueno, known as Galvão Bueno (Portuguese pronunciation: [ɡawˈvɐ̃w̃ buˈenu]), is a Brazilian on-air personality and nationwide play-by-play announcer for Rede Globo, where he hosts Formula One races, Brazil national football team matches, key Brazilian football championship matches and top sporting events.

Personal life[link]

Born on July 21, 1950, in the city of Rio de Janeiro to the actress Mildred dos Santos and journalist Aldo Viana Galvão Bueno, Galvão moved to São Paulo with his family when he was 6. There, as a teenager, he began practicing equestrianism, volleyball, football, handball, swimming and karting. At age 15, he moved to Brasília where he met Lúcia, who would become his first wife. He studied business administration and economy but dropped out to start physical education. In 1974, he was working in the plastic industry, but maintained his passion for sports.^[1]

In 2000, he married Desirée Soares with whom he lives in Londrina, Paraná.^[2] They have a son, Luca. He is also the father of racing drivers Carlos Cacá Bueno and Paulo Popó Bueno, both racing in the Brazilian Stock Car series from his first marriage with Lúcia.

Career[link]

Bueno won a contest to become a radio sports commentator and began his career in 1974 commentating football matches and Formula 1 racing for Radio Gazeta. After three years, he moved to work on TV for Rede Record. Soon after, he moved to work for TV Bandeirantes and TV Guanabara hosting the nationwide Formula 1 racing coverage in Brazil. In 1983, he also started announcing football matches for TV Bandeirantes and his remarkable style was quickly praised by Brazilians. Galvão moved to Rede Globo where he continued hosting Formula 1 and football, but in 1992 he left to become the head of the sports department at OM (now CNT). One year later, he moved back to Globo, where he heads the sports department and hosts Formula One races, Brazil national football team matches, key Brazilian football championship matches and top sporting events.

Because of his long and successful career, Brazilians associate him with the many major sporting events he hosted while being the on-air announcer on TV, such as his friend Ayrton Senna's three world championships, his fatal crash during the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix and the 1994 and 2002 FIFA World Cup wins by Brazil. He has hosted the last five FIFA World Cups for Rede Globo.

Style[link]

Bueno's style is flashy, pointed with superlative adjectives, and a passionate approach. His ardent and unilateral approach when hosting international events with the presence of a Brazilian team or Brazilian athletes has generated both sympathy and controversy. Critics highlight the large number of on-air mistakes committed by the host,^[3] added to a high degree of rudeness while off-camera. Some of his bloopers both on and off-camera have became internet phenomena in websites such as YouTube.

In football events, he is usually supported by the former referees José Roberto Wright and Arnaldo Cézar Coelho, and former footballers Walter Casagrande and Paulo Roberto Falcão.

Cala a boca Galvão (Internet meme)[link]

Cala a boca Galvão ("Shut up Galvão", in Portuguese) was an Internet meme spread by Brazilians via Twitter on 11 June 2010^[4] called by The New York Times "one of history's most successful cyberpranks."^[5] The phenomenon started during the opening ceremony of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Bueno, the host and play-by-play announcer for Rede Globo's national broadcast of the World Cup, was met with criticism from Brazilian viewers and "Cala a boca Galvão" started to spread on Brazilian Twitter pages.^[6] After the expression became the most popular Twitter topic in Brazil, Brazilians increased the number of posts containing those words both as a joke and a protest against Bueno.^[7]

International reaction from non-Brazilians was generally confusing, with first hoaxes claiming it was a movement to save a Brazilian bird mostly because of the similarity between the words Galvão and "Gavião", Portuguese for hawk. A fake Twitter account named galvaoinstitute^[8] was set up as a joke for non-Portuguese speakers to repeat the sentence "CALA BOCA GALVÃO", claiming US$0.10 would be donated to save the bird each time those words were replied. Later, a YouTube video^[9] was uploaded in order to support the hoax.

A second wave of jokes started when Brazilian users claimed "Cala Boca Galvão" was a new single by Lady Gaga aimed at saving those birds. Some Brazilian websites added lyrics of the fake song, which repeats "Cala a boca Galvão" in a way similar to the chorus of Gaga's song "Alejandro" mixed with lines about saving birds.^[10] Brazilian writer Paulo Coelho played another joke by claiming that "CALA BOCA GALVÃO" was a homeopathic medicine also known as "SILENTIUM GALVANUS", making a reference for the commentator to stay quiet.^[11]

On 13 June 2010, the hoax gained magnificent proportions when Brazilian Twitter users started tweeting messages containing the expression "CALA BOCA GALVÃO" along with the name of several Brazilian personalities such as Gisele Bündchen, Diogo Nogueira, Ana Maria Braga and Fernanda Souza. The expression "Pobres Australianos"^[12] ("Poor Australians" in Portuguese, as a reference to the 4-0 defeat to Germany in the World Cup) was also added to the hoax when Brazilians claimed it was another single by Lady Gaga aimed at saving the fictional Galvão bird.

At 01:20 UTC on 14 June 2010, the top 7 Global Trending topics on Twitter referred to the Cala a boca Galvão meme, topping expressions related to the World Cup and NBA Finals which were happening at that time. Brazilian Twitter users soon began spreading another tweet which reads "CALA BOCA GALVÃO is the biggest internal joke in history. A whole country [Brazil] is laughing and the rest of the world doesn't understand anything."^[13] This last tweet, re-tweeted by Brazilians, helped to keep the meme active and on the top of the Trending Topics.

The global proportion of this hoax resulted in articles written all over the world, in several different languages, explaining the joke played by Brazilians from blogs^[14] to El País^[15] and The New York Times.^[16] Wikipedia itself was also included in the hoax when pages Galvao bird and Cala-boca-galvao were created to support the fictional bird Galvão. The two articles were promptly deleted. The increased number of Internet users interested in the expression also resulted in an increased popularity of Flash-based minigames aimed at "shutting up" the character representing Galvão Bueno.^[17] Even Jimmy Wales, co-founder and promoter of Wikipedia, quoted the internet meme during his summit at info@trends, in São Paulo.^[18]

During Brazil's first match in the World Cup, against North Korea, a sign displaying "CALA BOCA GALVÃO!" could be seen in the first minutes of the game, and was caught by the official broadcasting.^[19] It was soon removed, though.^[20]

Taglines[link]

• Bem, amigos da Rede Globo... (Well, my friends of Rede Globo...)
• Haja coração! (You need a strong heart!)
• De cara pro vento (Face to face with the wind)
• Ronaldinho!! (Spoken with a long trilled "R")
• A física não permite, Arnaldo Cézar Coelho! (The laws of physics don't allow it, Arnaldo Cézar Coelho!)
• Ayrton, Ayrton, Ayrton, AYRTON SENNA DO BRASIL!!! (Substituting the names of other Grand Prix-winning Brazilian drivers when appropriate).

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Galvão Bueno

• Official website
• Campaign

Mihaela Valentina Runceanu (4 May 1955, Buzău - 1 November 1989, Bucharest) was a Romanian pop singer and vocal techniques teacher. She became a successful vocal singer, her voice being highly appreciated in Romania. Many of her songs were hits, and she released two albums, Mihaela Runceanu and Pentru voi, muguri noi, the latter only one day before she was murdered in her home in Bucharest.

Childhood and education[link]

Mihaela Runceanu was born in Buzău, but, soon after, her parents moved to Bacău, where she started school. After moving back to Buzău, Mihaela attended the Music and Plastic Arts High School there. Upon finishing high school in 1974, she went to Bucharest to attend the Ciprian Porumbescu Music Conservatory, from which she graduated in 1978.

Career[link]

She started singing in high-school, and her debut took place in 1976 with a song that was broadcast on the radio. In 1975 and 1976 she participated in several music competitions and festivals. One of her songs was recorded on a Romanian 1976 hits LP.

After graduation, she taught violin at the music school in Brăila and then moved back to Buzău to teach violin at the Music and Plastic Arts High School, where she had been a student. In Buzău, she sang in a band, together with Laurenţiu Cazan and George Nicolescu, among others. In 1980, she took a position of vocal technique teacher at the Popular School of Arts in Bucharest, which she held until her death in 1989.

During her time in Bucharest she launched several hits, including De-ar fi să vii, Tu nu vei şti niciodată and Viaţa începe cu tine. In early December 1987, her first album, titled Mihaela Runceanu was released by Electrecord. Her second album, Pentru voi, muguri noi was released 31 October 1989, one day before her death.

Death[link]

On 1 November 1989, a personal friend of hers, Daniel Ştefănescu, visited her and insisted that they watch a videotape he had obtained (at the time, video material circulation was severely restricted by the communist government). After Mihaela went to sleep, Ştefănescu entered her bedroom and smothered her with a pillow. He then stole jewelry, electronics, and some other items that were difficult to obtain in Romania at the time, such as meat, imported cigarettes, and gasoline. He used some of the gasoline to set fire to the apartment.

The murderer was discovered by the investigators the next day and subsequently put on trial. In 1991, he was sentenced to 21 years of imprisonment. In 2006 he was released for good behaviour.

Mihaela Runceanu's tomb is located in the Dumbrava Cemetery in her home town, Buzău.

Legacy[link]

Her death did not receive a large media coverage due to communist censorship, therefore when she starred in the New Year's Eve Romanian National Television show, few Romanians were aware of her death two months before. Due to the restricted coverage of the murder in the communist media, many rumors emerged and circulated about the circumstances of her death, including one about the murderer being Nicu Ceauşescu^{[citation needed]} or another member of the Ceauşescu family^{[citation needed]}] and another about a young man found drowned in a Bucharest lake with a note confessing Mihaela Runceanu's murder.

After the Romanian Revolution of 1989, more information about the circumstances of her death were revealed, and details of the murderer's trial appeared in a local Buzău newspaper in 1990. Later, Nicolae Peneş wrote two books about Mihaela Runceanu, containing her biography as well as details of Ştefănescu's trial published in 1990.

An annual pop music festival is held in Buzău. It is named The Mihaela Runceanu music festival in honor of the late pop singer.

In 2004, Electrecord released an 18-song compilation of Mihaela Runceanu hits.

References[link]

• Peneş, Nicolae (1993) (in Romanian). Viaţa şi moartea Mihaelei Runceanu. Editura Divers Press. 
• Mihailov Chiciuc, Paula (15 January 2007). "Cântecul de lebădă" (in Romanian). Jurnalul Naţional. Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20071011140921/http://old.jurnalul.ro/articol.php?id=70014. Retrieved 2007-09-28. 

The FIM Trial World Championship and FIM X-Trial World Championship are the most prestigious motorcycle trials tournaments of the world, organised by the Fédération Internationale de Motocyclisme. The outdoor championship is held since 1964 and the indoor (X-Trial) since 1993.

From 1964 to 1967 the championship was named Challenge Henry Groutards. From 1968 to 1974, it was the Trial European Championship, and from 1975 onwards it has been known as the World Championship.

Up until 2010, the outdoor world trial championship has been won by 6 different pilots from the UK, 5 from Spain (all of them from Catalonia), 2 from Finland and France, and 1 from Belgium, Germany, USA, Japan and Sweden.

Outdoor Series[link]

Dougie Lampkin at the Spanish round in 2007

Eddy Lejeune at the 1981 Trial de Sant Llorenç

Yrjö Vesterinen at the 1978 Trial de Sant Llorenç

Year	Name	Country	Machine	Notes
2011	Toni Bou		Montesa Honda
2010	Toni Bou		Montesa Honda
2009	Toni Bou		Montesa Honda
2008	Toni Bou		Montesa Honda
2007	Toni Bou		Montesa Honda
2006	Adam Raga		Gas Gas
2005	Adam Raga		Gas Gas
2004	Takahisa Fujinami		Montesa Honda
2003	Dougie Lampkin		Montesa Honda
2002	Dougie Lampkin		Montesa Honda
2001	Dougie Lampkin		Montesa Honda
2000	Dougie Lampkin		Montesa Honda
1999	Dougie Lampkin		Beta
1998	Dougie Lampkin		Beta
1997	Dougie Lampkin		Beta
1996	Marc Colomer		Montesa
1995	Jordi Tarrés		Gas Gas
1994	Jordi Tarrés		Gas Gas
1993	Jordi Tarrés		Gas Gas
1992	Tommi Ahvala		Aprilia
1991	Jordi Tarrés		Beta
1990	Jordi Tarrés		Beta
1989	Jordi Tarrés		Beta
1988	Thierry Michaud		Fantic
1987	Jordi Tarrés		Beta
1986	Thierry Michaud		Fantic
1985	Thierry Michaud		Fantic
1984	Eddy Lejeune		Honda
1983	Eddy Lejeune		Honda
1982	Eddy Lejeune		Honda
1981	Gilles Burgat		SWM	First Italian bike to win a World Trial Championship
1980	Ulf Karlsson		Montesa
1979	Bernie Schreiber		Bultaco
1978	Yrjö Vesterinen		Bultaco
1977	Yrjö Vesterinen		Bultaco
1976	Yrjö Vesterinen		Bultaco
1975	Martin Lampkin		Bultaco	Title becomes "World Trials Champion"
1974	Malcolm Rathmell		Bultaco
1973	Martin Lampkin		Bultaco
1972	Mick Andrews		Ossa
1971	Mick Andrews		Ossa
1970	Sammy Miller		Bultaco
1969	Don Smith		Montesa
1968	Sammy Miller		Bultaco	Title becomes "European Trials Champion"
1967	Don Smith		Greeves
1966	Gustav Franke		Zündapp
1965	Gustav Franke		Zündapp
1964	Don Smith		Greeves	Title becomes "International Trial Master"

Indoor Series[link]

Year	Name	Country	Machine	Notes
2012	Toni Bou		Montesa HRC
2011	Toni Bou		Montesa HRC
2010	Toni Bou		Montesa HRC
2009	Toni Bou		Montesa HRC
2008	Toni Bou		Montesa HRC
2007	Toni Bou		Montesa HRC
2006	Adam Raga		Gas Gas
2005	Adam Raga		Gas Gas
2004	Adam Raga		Gas Gas
2003	Adam Raga		Gas Gas
2002	Albert Cabestany		Beta
2001	Dougie Lampkin		Montesa
2000	Dougie Lampkin		Montesa
1999	Dougie Lampkin		Beta
1998	Dougie Lampkin		Beta
1997	Dougie Lampkin		Beta
1996	Marc Colomer		Montesa
1995	Marc Colomer		Beta/Montesa
1994	Marc Colomer		Beta
1993	Tommi Ahvala		Aprilia