- published: 11 Jan 2013
- views: 9528680
- author: TheSaturdaysVEVO
Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
add
Loading...
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- .gov
- .mil
- .us
- 100th meridian west
- Aaron Copland
- Abolitionism
- Abraham Lincoln
- AC motor
- Adams–Onís Treaty
- Afghanistan
- African American
- African slave trade
- Agnosticism
- Aircraft carrier
- Al-Qaeda
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Alaska Natives
- Alaska Purchase
- Albania
- Albert Einstein
- Alejandro Jara
- Aleutian Islands
- Alfred Stieglitz
- Algeria
- Allegory of Hispania
- Alpine climate
- Alternating current
- Amaterasu
- American (word)
- American art
- American bison
- American Civil War
- American comic book
- American cuisine
- American Dream
- American English
- American football
- American imperialism
- American Indian Wars
- American Jews
- American literature
- American philosophy
- American Revolution
- American Samoa
- Americans
- Americas
- Amerigo Vespucci
- Amtrak
- Analytic philosophy
- Ancient Hawaii
- Andorra
- Andy Warhol
- Anglo-America
- Anguilla
- Animation
- Anno Domini
- Ansel Adams
- Anti-Americanism
- Antigua and Barbuda
- APEC Australia 1989
- APEC Australia 2007
- APEC Brunei 2000
- APEC Canada 1997
- APEC Chile 2004
- APEC Indonesia 1994
- APEC Indonesia 2013
- APEC Japan 1995
- APEC Japan 2010
- APEC Malaysia 1998
- APEC Mexico 2002
- APEC Peru 2008
- APEC Russia 2012
- APEC Singapore 1990
- APEC Singapore 2009
- APEC Thailand 1992
- APEC Thailand 2003
- APEC Vietnam 2006
- Apollo 11
- Apollo program
- Appellate Body
- Apple Inc.
- Archipelago
- Argentina
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- Armenia
- Armory Show
- ARPANET
- Aruba
- Asian American
- Assembly line
- Association football
- At-large
- Atheism
- Athena
- Atlanta
- Atlantic Ocean
- Atlantic slave trade
- Atomic Age
- August Wilson
- Australia
- Austria
- Auto racing
- Average Joe
- Axis powers
- Azerbaijan
- Bachelor's degree
- Bajo Nuevo Bank
- Baker Island
- Bald Eagle
- Ban Ki-moon
- Barack Obama
- Barbados
- Baseball
- Basketball
- Battle of Gettysburg
- Beat Generation
- Belarus
- Belgian Army
- Belgium
- Belize
- Bering Strait
- Bermuda
- Betty Friedan
- Bharat Mata
- Bhutan
- Bicameralism
- Bill (proposed law)
- Bill Clinton
- Bills of exchange
- Billy Yank
- Black American
- Black nationalism
- Bleeding Kansas
- Blogger (service)
- Blues
- Bob Dylan
- Bolivia
- Bonaire
- Book United States
- Boston
- Botswana
- Brazil
- Britannia
- British Armed Forces
- British Empire
- Broadway theatre
- Brother Jonathan
- Bulgaria
- Bundeswehr
- Bush v. Gore
- Buzz Aldrin
- Cajun cuisine
- California
- California Gold Rush
- Cambodia
- Cameroon
- Canada
- Canadian Forces
- Caribbean
- Carolinian language
- Cartography
- Cascade Range
- Catherine Ashton
- Cayman Islands
- Central Powers
- Chain migration
- Chained dollars
- Chamorro language
- Charles Ives
- Cheerleading
- Chicago
- Chicago Tribune
- Chihuahua Desert
- Chile
- China
- Chinese American
- Chinese language
- Chinese Taipei
- Choreography
- Christian revival
- Christmas Island
- Christopher Columbus
- Chuck Berry
- Citizen Kane
- Classless society
- Clipperton Island
- Coastal California
- Coca-Cola
- Cold War
- Cold War (1985–1991)
- Cole Porter
- College basketball
- College football
- Colombia
- Colony of Virginia
- Colorado
- Colorado River
- Columbia (name)
- Columbia River
- Comic strip
- Commander-in-chief
- Common law
- Community college
- Compromise of 1877
- Confederation
- Connecticut
- Constitutionality
- Consumer price index
- Continental Army
- Cook Islands
- Cossack Mamay
- Costa Rica
- Country music
- Craigslist
- Creative Commons
- Croatia
- Cuba
- Cuban Missile Crisis
- Curaçao
- Currier and Ives
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- D. W. Griffith
- Dallas
- Danish Defence
- Daylight saving time
- De facto
- Deciduous
- Declaration of war
- Delaware
- Delaware Valley
- Delta Air Lines
- Demonym
- Denied powers
- Denmark
- Dependent territory
- Deutscher Michel
- District of Columbia
- Doha Declaration
- Dominica
- Dominican Republic
- Don DeLillo
- Dot-com bubble
- Drive-through
- Duke Ellington
- Dust Bowl
- E pluribus unum
- EBay
- Economic inequality
- Economy of Albania
- Economy of Algeria
- Economy of Angola
- Economy of Argentina
- Economy of Armenia
- Economy of Australia
- Economy of Austria
- Economy of Bahrain
- Economy of Barbados
- Economy of Belgium
- Economy of Belize
- Economy of Benin
- Economy of Bolivia
- Economy of Botswana
- Economy of Brazil
- Economy of Brunei
- Economy of Bulgaria
- Economy of Burma
- Economy of Burundi
- Economy of Cambodia
- Economy of Cameroon
- Economy of Canada
- Economy of Chad
- Economy of Chile
- Economy of Colombia
- Economy of Croatia
- Economy of Cuba
- Economy of Cyprus
- Economy of Denmark
- Economy of Djibouti
- Economy of Dominica
- Economy of Ecuador
- Economy of Egypt
- Economy of Estonia
- Economy of Fiji
- Economy of Finland
- Economy of France
- Economy of Gabon
- Economy of Germany
- Economy of Ghana
- Economy of Greece
- Economy of Grenada
- Economy of Guatemala
- Economy of Guinea
- Economy of Guyana
- Economy of Haiti
- Economy of Honduras
- Economy of Hong Kong
- Economy of Hungary
- Economy of Iceland
- Economy of India
- Economy of Indonesia
- Economy of Israel
- Economy of Italy
- Economy of Jamaica
- Economy of Japan
- Economy of Jordan
- Economy of Kenya
- Economy of Kuwait
- Economy of Latvia
- Economy of Lesotho
- Economy of Lithuania
- Economy of Macau
- Economy of Malawi
- Economy of Malaysia
- Economy of Mali
- Economy of Malta
- Economy of Mauritius
- Economy of Mexico
- Economy of Moldova
- Economy of Mongolia
- Economy of Morocco
- Economy of Namibia
- Economy of Nepal
- Economy of Nicaragua
- Economy of Niger
- Economy of Nigeria
- Economy of Norway
- Economy of Oman
- Economy of Pakistan
- Economy of Panama
- Economy of Paraguay
- Economy of Peru
- Economy of Poland
- Economy of Portugal
- Economy of Qatar
- Economy of Romania
- Economy of Russia
- Economy of Rwanda
- Economy of Senegal
- Economy of Singapore
- Economy of Slovakia
- Economy of Slovenia
- Economy of Spain
- Economy of Sri Lanka
- Economy of Suriname
- Economy of Swaziland
- Economy of Sweden
- Economy of Taiwan
- Economy of Tanzania
- Economy of Thailand
- Economy of Togo
- Economy of Tonga
- Economy of Tunisia
- Economy of Turkey
- Economy of Uganda
- Economy of Ukraine
- Economy of Uruguay
- Economy of Venezuela
- Economy of Vietnam
- Economy of Zambia
- Economy of Zimbabwe
- Ecuador
- Edgar Allan Poe
- Edward Albee
- Edward Harrigan
- Edward Steichen
- Efígie da República
- Egypt
- El Salvador
- Ellis Island
- Elvis Presley
- Emily Dickinson
- English American
- English language
- Enlargement of NATO
- Enrico Fermi
- Eritrea
- Ernest Hemingway
- Established church
- Estonia
- Ethiopia
- Eugene O'Neill
- Eugène Delacroix
- European American
- European Union
- Evangelicalism
- F. Scott Fitzgerald
- Fahrenheit
- Falkland Islands
- Fast food
- Federal district
- Federal law
- Federal preemption
- Federal Reporter
- Federalism
- Federalist Era
- Federation
- Fiji
- Filipino American
- Film grammar
- Finland
- Finnish Maiden
- First grade
- Florida
- Flowering plant
- Folk music
- Forward pass
- France
- Francophone
- Frank Gehry
- Frank Lloyd Wright
- French Armed Forces
- French language
- Funk
- G-20 major economies
- G8
- G8+5
- Gallon
- Gambia
- Gender pay gap
- General election
- Genoa
- George Balanchine
- George Gershwin
- George H. W. Bush
- George W. Bush
- George Washington
- Georgia (country)
- Georgia (U.S. state)
- Georgia O'Keeffe
- German American
- German language
- Germany
- Ghana
- Gibraltar
- Gilded Age
- Gini coefficient
- Global city
- Gloria Steinem
- Golf
- Great American Novel
- Great Basin
- Great Depression
- Great Lakes
- Great Plains
- Great power
- Greater Austin
- Greater Boston
- Greater Cleveland
- Greater Hartford
- Greater Houston
- Greater Orlando
- Greater San Antonio
- Greater St. Louis
- Greece
- Greenland
- Gregg v. Georgia
- Grenada
- Gross world product
- Guadeloupe
- Guam
- Guatemala
- Guernsey
- Gulf of Mexico
- Gulf War
- Guyana
- Haiti
- Hampton Roads
- Hardboiled
- Harold Bloom
- Hawaii
- Hawaiian language
- Helvetia
- Henry Cowell
- Henry David Thoreau
- Henry Ford
- Herman Melville
- High school
- Hillary Clinton
- Hip hop music
- History of Florida
- Holger Danske
- Hollywood
- Hollywood Sign
- Holy See
- Homeschooling
- Honduras
- Hong Kong
- House music
- Houston
- Howland Island
- Hudson River
- Hudson River School
- Hungary
- Hurricane Katrina
- I Have a Dream
- IBM
- Ibu Pertiwi
- Ice hockey
- Iceland
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Impact factor
- Impeachment
- Imperial units
- In God We Trust
- India
- Indian removal
- Indiana
- Individualism
- Indonesia
- Insular area
- Internet
- Invasion of Normandy
- Invasion of Poland
- Iowa
- Iran
- Iran hostage crisis
- Iran–Contra affair
- Iraq War
- Ireland
- Irish American
- Irreligion
- Irving Berlin
- Isadora Duncan
- Isla Aves
- Isle of Man
- ISO 4217
- Israel
- Italia Turrita
- Italian Armed Forces
- Italy
- Jack Kerouac
- Jackson Pollock
- Jamaica
- James Brown
- James Naismith
- Jamestown, Virginia
- Japan
- Jarvis Island
- Jazz
- Jerome Robbins
- Jersey
- Jim Crow laws
- Jimmy Carter
- Joe Biden
- John Barth
- John Boehner
- John Bull
- John Cage
- John Dewey
- John F. Kennedy
- John Rawls
- John Roberts
- John Trumbull
- John von Neumann
- John Wayne
- Johnny Canuck
- Johnny Reb
- Johnston Atoll
- Jordan
- Joseph McCarthy
- Juan dela Cruz
- Juan Ponce de León
- Judicial review
- Judiciary
- Jury trial
- Kansas
- Kartlis Deda
- Kathleen Ni Houlihan
- Kazakhstan
- Kentucky
- Kenya
- Kindergarten
- Kinetoscope
- Kingdom of Hawaii
- Kingman Reef
- Kiribati
- Korean language
- Korean War
- Kyrgyzstan
- Lacrosse
- Lady of the Mountain
- Languages of Africa
- Languages of Asia
- Languages of Oceania
- Late-2000s recession
- Latin
- Latin America
- Latvia
- League of Nations
- Legal drinking age
- Legislature
- Lend-Lease
- Les Daniels
- Lesotho
- Lewinsky scandal
- Liberia
- Library of Congress
- Liechtenstein
- List of U.S. states
- Literacy
- Lithuania
- Los Angeles
- Louis Armstrong
- Louisiana
- Louisiana Purchase
- Lower house
- Luxembourg
- Luxembourg Army
- Lyndon B. Johnson
- Maine
- Major film studio
- Majority rule
- Malawi
- Malaysia
- Malta
- Manhattan
- Manhattan Project
- Manifest Destiny
- Marbury v. Madison
- Marianne
- Marilyn Monroe
- Mark Twain
- Marrakech Agreement
- Marsden Hartley
- Marshall Islands
- Martha Graham
- Martin Waldseemüller
- Martinique
- Maryland
- María Clara
- Massachusetts
- Materials science
- Mauritius
- Mayflower
- McDonald's
- Medicaid
- Melting pot
- Merchandising
- Metric system
- Metro Detroit
- Mexican American
- Mexican Cession
- Mexican-American War
- Mexican–American War
- Mexico
- Miami
- Michael Jackson
- Michigan
- Microsoft
- Mid-Atlantic states
- Midway Atoll
- Mile
- Military of Bulgaria
- Military of Croatia
- Military of Estonia
- Military of Greece
- Military of Hungary
- Military of Iceland
- Military of Latvia
- Military of Slovakia
- Military of Slovenia
- Minneapolis–St. Paul
- Minnesota
- Minority group
- Minority rights
- Mississippi
- Mississippi River
- Missouri
- Missouri River
- Mixed economy
- Moby-Dick
- Modern art
- Modern dance
- Mojave Desert
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Mongolia
- Montana
- Montenegro
- Montserrat
- Morocco
- Mother Armenia
- Mother Russia
- Mother Svea
- Mount McKinley
- Multiculturalism
- Multiethnic society
- Multiracial American
- Musical theatre
- Namibia
- NASCAR
- Nathaniel Hawthorne
- National language
- National sport
- Native Hawaiians
- NATO
- NATO Operations
- NATO summit
- Natural rights
- Naturalism (arts)
- Nauru
- Navassa Island
- Navy SEAL
- Nazism
- Nebraska
- Netherlands
- Netherlands Maiden
- Nevada
- New Amsterdam
- New Deal
- New England
- New France
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New Netherland
- New Orleans
- New York
- New York City
- New York Harbor
- New Zealand
- Nicaragua
- Nigeria
- Nikola Tesla
- Niue
- Noam Chomsky
- Nonsectarian
- Nonviolence
- Norfolk Island
- Normandy landings
- North America
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- North Korea
- Norway
- Oceanic climate
- ODIHR
- Official language
- Ohio
- Ohio River
- Oklahoma
- Ola Nordmann
- Old-time music
- Olympic Games
- OpenStreetMap
- Oregon
- Oregon Country
- Oregon Treaty
- Orson Welles
- Osama bin Laden
- P. T. Barnum
- Pacific Islander
- Pacific Ocean
- Pacific States
- Pakistan
- Palau
- Paleo-Indians
- Palmyra Atoll
- Panama
- Papua New Guinea
- Paraguay
- Parochial school
- Pascal Lamy
- Paula Jones
- Peace Clause
- Peculiar institution
- Pennsylvania
- Personal computer
- Peru
- Philadelphia
- Philip Johnson
- Philippines
- Phoenix, Arizona
- Phonograph
- Photography
- Pint
- Pitcairn Islands
- Plains Indians
- Plymouth Colony
- Poland
- Polish Armed Forces
- Political culture
- Political philosophy
- Pop art
- Popular music
- Population growth
- Portal United States
- Portugal
- Postmodernism
- Poverty threshold
- Power of the purse
- Pragmatism
- Prairie
- Pre-Columbian
- Pre-Columbian era
- Presbyterianism
- Presidential system
- Primary election
- Private school
- Progressive tax
- Protected area
- Protestantism
- Proxy war
- Public education
- Public university
- PubMed Identifier
- Puerto Rico
- Puritan
- Quarterback
- Quota Elimination
- Radical Republicans
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Ransom E. Olds
- Reaganomics
- Real income
- Realist visual arts
- Renewable energy
- Replacement rate
- Republic of China
- Republic of Hawaii
- Republic of Ireland
- Republic of Texas
- Research Triangle
- Reserve currency
- Rhode Island
- Rhythm and blues
- Richard Nixon
- Richard Rorty
- Richmond–Petersburg
- Rights of Englishmen
- Rio Grande
- Roaring Twenties
- Robert Nozick
- Rock and roll
- Rocky Mountains
- Roe v. Wade
- Romania
- Ronald Reagan
- Rosa Parks
- Roy Lichtenstein
- Rufus Yerxa
- Russia
- Rwanda
- Saba
- Saddam Hussein
- Saint Barthélemy
- Saint Helena
- Saint Lucia
- Samoa
- Samoan language
- San Francisco
- San Jose, California
- San Marino
- Saudi Arabia
- Secession
- Second-wave feminism
- Secular state
- Self-determination
- Separation of powers
- September 11 attacks
- Serbia
- Sergey Lavrov
- Serranilla Bank
- Sexual revolution
- Sheriff
- Siege of Yorktown
- Sierra Leone
- Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
- Silicon Valley
- Singapore
- Singapore issues
- Sint Eustatius
- Sint Maarten
- Skateboarding
- Slave state
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Smoking age
- Snowboarding
- Social mobility
- Socialization
- Solomon Islands
- Somaliland
- Soul food
- Sound film
- South Africa
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- South Korea
- South Sudan
- Sovereign state
- Space Race
- Spain
- Spanish Armed Forces
- Spanish language
- Spanish–American War
- Special relationship
- Srulik
- Stagflation
- State police
- States' rights
- Statue of Liberty
- Stephen Sondheim
- Sudan
- Summer Olympic Games
- Superhero
- Superman
- Superpower
- Supervolcano
- Surfing
- Suriname
- Surrender of Japan
- Swaziland
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Syncretism
- Tagalog language
- Tajikistan
- Taliban
- Taliban insurgency
- Tampa Bay Area
- Tanzania
- Template G20
- Template G8 nations
- Template G8+5
- Template NAFTA
- Template OSCE
- Template talk G20
- Template talk G8+5
- Template talk NAFTA
- Template talk OSCE
- Tennessee
- Tennessee Williams
- Tennis
- Tex-Mex
- Texas
- Texas Medical Center
- Texas v. White
- Thailand
- The Bahamas
- The Carolinas
- The Great Gatsby
- The Pentagon
- The World Factbook
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Thirteen Colonies
- Thomas Eakins
- Thomas Edison
- Thomas Jefferson
- Thomas Pynchon
- Times Square
- Titan Books
- Titanic (1997 film)
- Togo
- Tokelau
- Toni Morrison
- Tony Blair
- Tornado
- Tornado Alley
- Trail of Tears
- Transcendentalism
- Treaty of Versailles
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Tropical cyclone
- Turkey
- Turkish Armed Forces
- Turkmenistan
- Tuvalu
- Twelfth grade
- Two-party system
- U.S. Army
- U.S. Census Bureau
- U.S. state
- U.S. trade deficit
- Uganda
- Ukraine
- Uncle Sam
- Unicameral
- UNICEF
- United Kingdom
- United Nations
- United States
- United States Army
- United States Code
- United States dollar
- United States Navy
- United States Senate
- Upper house
- Uruguay
- US (disambiguation)
- USA (disambiguation)
- Utah
- Uzbekistan
- Vanuatu
- Vascular plants
- Venezuela
- Vermont
- Vietnam War
- Vietnamese language
- Virginia
- Volcano
- Volleyball
- Vostok 1
- Voting Rights Act
- Wake Island
- Wall Street
- Walt Disney
- Walt Whitman
- War of 1812
- War on Terror
- Warsaw Pact
- Washington (state)
- Washington, D.C.
- Watergate scandal
- Watt-hour
- Web portal
- Web search engine
- Welfare state
- West Virginia
- Western culture
- Western fiction
- White American
- White House
- WikiMapia
- Wikimedia Foundation
- Wikipedia
- Wikipedia Books
- Wikipedia Link rot
- Wikispeedia
- Wikitravel
- Wilderness
- Willem de Kooning
- William Faulkner
- William Hague
- William Halsall
- William James
- Winter Olympic Games
- Wisconsin
- World Factbook
- World Trade Center
- World War I
- World War II
- Wright brothers
- Wright Flyer
- Wyoming
- Yalta Conference
- Yard
- Yemen
- YouTube
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
- Zé Povinho
- Ériu
- Afghanistan
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Albania
- Aleutian Islands
- Algeria
- American Samoa
- Americas
- Andorra
- Anguilla
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Argentina
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- Armenia
- Armory Show
- Aruba
- Atlanta
- Atlantic Ocean
- Australia
- Austria
- Azerbaijan
- Barbados
- Battle of Gettysburg
- Belarus
- Belgium
- Belize
- Bering Strait
- Bermuda
- Bhutan
- Bolivia
- Bonaire
- Boston
- Botswana
- Brazil
- British Empire
- Broadway theatre
- Bulgaria
- California
- Cambodia
- Cameroon
- Canada
- Caribbean
- Cayman Islands
- Chicago
- Chile
- China
- Christmas Island
- Colombia
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Cook Islands
- Costa Rica
- Croatia
- Cuba
- Cuban Missile Crisis
- Curaçao
- Cyprus
- Czech Republic
- Dallas
- Delaware
- Delaware Valley
- Denmark
- Dominica
- Dominican Republic
- Ecuador
- Egypt
- El Salvador
- Eritrea
- Estonia
- Ethiopia
- Falkland Islands
- Fiji
- Finland
- Florida
- France
- Genoa
- George Washington
- Germany
- Ghana
- Gibraltar
- Great Lakes
- Greater Boston
- Greater Cleveland
- Greater Houston
- Greece
- Greenland
- Grenada
- Guadeloupe
- Guam
- Guatemala
- Guernsey
- Gulf of Mexico
- Guyana
- Haiti
- Hampton Roads
- Hawaii
- Hollywood
- Hollywood Sign
- Honduras
- Hong Kong
- Houston
- Hungary
- Iceland
- Idaho
- Illinois
- India
- Indiana
- Indonesia
- Insular area
- Invasion of Normandy
- Iowa
- Iran
- Ireland
- Isle of Man
- Israel
- Italy
- Jamaica
- Japan
- Jersey
- Jordan
- Kansas
- Kartlis Deda
- Kazakhstan
- Kentucky
- Kenya
- Kiribati
- Kyrgyzstan
- Latvia
- Lesotho
- Liberia
- Library of Congress
- Liechtenstein
- Lithuania
- Los Angeles
- Louisiana
- Luxembourg
- Maine
- Malawi
- Malaysia
- Malta
- Manhattan
- Marshall Islands
- Martinique
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Mauritius
- Metro Detroit
- Mexico
- Miami
- Michigan
- Microsoft
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Moldova
- Monaco
- Mongolia
- Montana
- Montenegro
- Montserrat
- Morocco
- Mother Armenia
- Namibia
- NATO
- Nauru
- Nebraska
- Netherlands
- Nevada
- New England
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New Orleans
- New York
- New York City
- New York Harbor
- New Zealand
- Nicaragua
- Nigeria
- Niue
- Norfolk Island
- Normandy landings
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- North Korea
- Norway
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Oregon Country
- Pacific Ocean
- Pakistan
- Palau
- Panama
- Papua New Guinea
- Paraguay
- Pennsylvania
- Peru
- Philadelphia
- Philippines
- Pitcairn Islands
- Poland
- Portugal
- Puerto Rico
- Republic of Hawaii
- Republic of Ireland
- Research Triangle
- Rhode Island
- Romania
- Russia
- Rwanda
- Saba
- Saint Barthélemy
- Saint Helena
- Saint Lucia
- Samoa
- San Francisco
- San Marino
- Saudi Arabia
- September 11 attacks
- Serbia
- Siege of Yorktown
- Sierra Leone
- Silicon Valley
- Singapore
- Sint Eustatius
- Sint Maarten
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Solomon Islands
- Somaliland
- South Africa
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- South Korea
- South Sudan
- Spain
- Sudan
- Suriname
- Swaziland
- Sweden
- Switzerland
- Tajikistan
- Tampa Bay Area
- Tanzania
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Texas Medical Center
- Thailand
- The Bahamas
- The Carolinas
- The Pentagon
- Thirteen Colonies
- Times Square
- Togo
- Tokelau
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Turkey
- Turkmenistan
- Tuvalu
- Uganda
- Ukraine
- United Kingdom
- United States
- Uruguay
- Utah
- Uzbekistan
- Vanuatu
- Venezuela
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Wall Street
- West Virginia
- White House
- Wikimedia Foundation
- Wisconsin
- World Trade Center
- Wyoming
- Yalta Conference
- Yemen
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
- Aaron Copland
- Abraham Lincoln
- African American
- Alaska Natives
- Albert Einstein
- Alfred Stieglitz
- Americans
- Amerigo Vespucci
- Ancient Hawaii
- Andy Warhol
- Ansel Adams
- August Wilson
- Austria
- Barack Obama
- Betty Friedan
- Bill Clinton
- Bob Dylan
- Buzz Aldrin
- Catherine Ashton
- Charles Ives
- Chinese American
- Christopher Columbus
- Chuck Berry
- Cole Porter
- Deutscher Michel
- Don DeLillo
- Duke Ellington
- Edgar Allan Poe
- Edward Albee
- Edward Harrigan
- Edward Steichen
- Elvis Presley
- Emily Dickinson
- English American
- Enrico Fermi
- Ernest Hemingway
- Eugène Delacroix
- European American
- Filipino American
- Frank Gehry
- Frank Lloyd Wright
- George Balanchine
- George Gershwin
- George Washington
- German American
- Gloria Steinem
- Harold Bloom
- Henry Cowell
- Henry David Thoreau
- Henry Ford
- Herman Melville
- Irish American
- Irving Berlin
- Isadora Duncan
- Jack Kerouac
- Jackson Pollock
- James Brown
- James Naismith
- Jerome Robbins
- Jimmy Carter
- Joe Biden
- John Barth
- John Boehner
- John Cage
- John Dewey
- John Rawls
- John Roberts
- John Trumbull
- John von Neumann
- John Wayne
- Johnny Canuck
- Joseph McCarthy
- Juan Ponce de León
- Korean War
- Les Daniels
- Louis Armstrong
- Marilyn Monroe
- Mark Twain
- Marsden Hartley
- Martha Graham
- Martin Waldseemüller
- María Clara
- Mexican American
- Michael Jackson
- Mount McKinley
- Nathaniel Hawthorne
- Native Hawaiians
- Nikola Tesla
- Noam Chomsky
- Orson Welles
- Osama bin Laden
- Pacific Islander
- Pascal Lamy
- Paula Jones
- Philip Johnson
- Plains Indians
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Richard Nixon
- Richard Rorty
- Robert Nozick
- Ronald Reagan
- Rosa Parks
- Roy Lichtenstein
- Rufus Yerxa
- Saddam Hussein
- Sergey Lavrov
- Stephen Sondheim
- Tennessee Williams
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Thomas Eakins
- Thomas Edison
- Thomas Jefferson
- Thomas Pynchon
- Toni Morrison
- Tony Blair
- Walt Disney
- Walt Whitman
- Willem de Kooning
- William Faulkner
- William Hague
- William Halsall
- William James
- World War I
- Wright brothers
- Lyrics: play full screen play karaoke
- S - Shakira
- Not A Problem - S
- I'm Fine... Bye Bye - S
- You Decide Part 2 - S
- This Is Love - S
- The Message - S
- We Are Not Friends - S
- Wait - S
- Try - S
- This Way Always - S
- Sometimes I Feel Like Throwing Up - S
- See Through Me - S
- Save You - S
- Save Me - S
- Sadstyle - S
- Pathetic - S
- I Love You Too - S
- Falling - S
- Everyone Else - S
- Away Around This - S
- Anti-Love Song - S
- The Coffin Of Your True Love - S
- Another X-mas Without You - S
Este nuevo amanecer
Es abrir la puerta de mis años
Sin saber por que
Esta vida nunca pasa en vano
Siempre hay un después
Y vivir en este mundo
Es algo muy difícil de ejercer.
Busco eternas primaveras
Que renazcan a la vida
Huracán de emociones
Me confunden, me dominan.
Mi vida es transparente todavía
La flor que se abre a plena luz del día
Mi primer amor
Lo siento tan directo al corazón.
Hoy descubro que es amar
Un abrazo, una caricia plena
Algo mas que dar
Es el sueño que ahora me libera
Mi otra verdad
En mis quince soy mujer en realidad.
Busco eternas primaveras
Que renazcan a la vida
Huracán de emociones
Me confunden, me motivan.
Mi vida es transparente todavía
La flor que se abre a plena luz del día
Mi primer amor
Lo siento tan directo al corazón.
Another forced out smile
Another stupid story
Breakfast in the bathroom
I can’t do this one more day
What’s in my back pocket
What happened to my face
Some years I cant remember
They don’t seem so far away
Putting on my headphones
Walking down the stairs
I thought I might be dying
But it’s just too hard to change
Don’t think about the next day now
its all that I can bear
Cant see how we do it
It’s not a problem
It’s not fair
There’s so much more to tell you;
All the bad things that I've done today
And then again tomorrow
But I swallowed it away
And I just kept on drinking
I wasn’t even talking
I surely wasn’t making
so you decide to get up today
not that it matters anyway.
and you know
you'll drive yourself insane someday.
there's a good chance it might be today.
i'm almost done here. [x4]
so you wake up feeling stupid.
what did you do?
who did you call?
friends remind you what you told them
and the bruises all make sense now.
and you wake up feeling stupid.
what did you do?
who did you call?
and the bruises all make sense now.
and it feels like it's all gone. [x3]
(i'm trying to go slow
i'm trying to make you notice
i'm trying to make it to your show on time
i don't know why you think you can get away with
something like that
____ so goddamn cool)
then i think of you
and i think about _
__ good they are
i'm trying ____
i think about how you looked at her that day
i think about how she looked at me just looking at you
both
looking so goddamn cool
remember what exactly i'm looking for
to break your heart or is it my heart i want broken so
And your legs are running
Running all over this town
and I will try to catch you
(I’ll try ) I’ll try to slow you down
It’s impossible to think
or just say how I will act
when I come right out and tell you
this is love and that’s a fact
well this is love and that’s a fact x2
this is love.
its unfortunate that all your friends are junkies
I will not mock or judge them
‘cos once or twice I’ve been there too
Learn to lose a lot from love
Learn to try and try again
Learn to be the one that helps
Learn to not give up on friends
Learn to not give up on friends
Learn to not give up on friends
Learn to not give up
I’ve wanted you for so long
thoughts of you they fill my heart
we should take off all our clothes
I’m sure you’re the one for me
I’ll catch up to you some day
or maybe you’ll just slow down
And I will ask if I’m the one
If you could ever really ever be with me x7
Could you really ever be with me
And this is how
it all ended
with a message
and pretending
There is nothing
I could say now
You won’t listen
You shut me out
Its not always
about you
I will not stand
to go through this
‘cause your angry
and I’m meeting
all the silence
cos I’m crazy
and the tv
doesn’t help me
I am needy
so don’t make things
all about me
This is awkward
and im nervous
I took your hand
and ran with it
To the rumour?
So I will write out all the words
To all the songs that hold mysteries
And everything that could go wrong
All the trouble and the …..?
Im blaming all the things I could
On every one around me
And in my head I knew its over
But it will take me four more days
And ill consider 15 hours
And ill consider not going crazy
I gave it everything I had
and left it all….?
And we are not friends
And I have gave you
A million signs
And I have begged you
Plese don’t hold this against you
I am not well
I cant do this
I am sorry I am leaving
There is nothing you can say
And after all that could have been
Were still fighting for our stories
And I wish all my friends could all
Laugh with each other
And all my friends
Could all cheer with each other
And my friends could all
Forgive each other
And all my friends could all
And I will wait
And I will wait
For you to call or come home
I will wait
Thinking only good things
I will wait
And I will wait
(Wait for you)
And I will wait
For you to call or come home
I will wait
Thinking only good things
I will wait
I will wait
I will wait
I will wait for you
I will wait
For you to call or come home
I will wait
Thinking only good things
I will wait
I will wait
And I will wait
This is the last time
I will wait
I said this is the last time
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today (I will wait)
And everything will be alright today (I will wait)
And everything will be alright today (For you to call
or come home)
And everything will be alright today (I will wait)
And everything will be alright today (Thinking only
good things)
And everything will be alright today (I will wait)
And everything will be alright today (For you to call
or come home)
And everything will be alright today (I will wait)
And everything will be alright today (Thinking only
watch the days go by here
it's getting to and won't come through
my friends left me for someone new
and i am still just confused
____
but some things just won't come out right
i started not to try
someone please remind me
i'll trust what we wish was true sometimes
in the end we'll all just feel dumb
and now i'm stuck in this
i'm so bored
nothing's ever worth it.
i'll watch it all go by.
and i'll wait for you to smile.
I need to find just one thing
To believe, to make it through
Just today, just for now
That has nothing to do with you
I guess I miss you
Just as much as I don't like you
Like I hold a little time
I just can't grab on to
Or even find
I'll just say, I'll just tell you
I feel awful when I'm around you
I'll be screaming when I walk away thinking of your
face
I wish I loved like I did
Like you use to
It's overwhelming
I feel backwards when you leave
'Cause I don't fit in here
And you never know
'Cause I don't fit in here
And you never know
I might feel better if I hit somebody
Instead of just admitting that I need somebody
Guess I always thought I'd have you to hold onto
And now you're gone
I need for you to look at me
And feel alone, and feel bad
And all the times you thought you cared
(This is the only way I'm ever really getting through
you)
'Cause I don't fit in here
And you never know
'Cause I don't fit in here
And you never know
And it feels this way always
Every time you come around here
And it feels this way always
Every time I open my mouth
And it feels this way always
Every time you come around here
And it feels this way always
Every time I open my mouth
And it feels this way always
Every time you come around here
And it feels this way always
i've been sitting here for an hour.
i guess you just forgot to say hello
pretend that you never saw me here.
so someone broke your heart,
i'm breaking mine.
'cause you just don't have enough _
to know it's done.
i don't think you understand how this feels.
i haven't called you in a week.
yeah, i know it's a been a long time.
no, nothing, nevermind.
i was just talking to myself.
'cause you really don't deserve
to know how i feel anyway.
you can just go home and play all of
your stupid rock and roll
try on all your brand new leather pants
'cause damn, they look so good on you now.
i still don't get why you asked me to call.
i guess you had too much to drink
and you needed someone else to want you.
this isn't fun anymore.
it's all just a little too much karma
coming back to get me all at once.
so i won't look to see if you're still here
when i _
although it doesn't matter that much to me.
you can do that sexy dance
to make sure everyone still wants you
when the night is over
and you still don't have someone to
and you can just go home all by yourself
and play that music really loud
so no one hears you when you start to cry all by
yourself.
i've done it all to myself this time.
and i've done it to myself again
i've done it all to myself this time.
there's no one else to blame.
you're just in my way.
and if i see you, it can make me have a bad day.
please just go away.
there's no one else to blame here
you're just in my way
sometimes i feel like throwing up
please just go home.
'cause i've done it to myself
there's no one else to blame here.
talk to myself more
figure out exactly what went wrong
and you'll be yourself
tell me how much there that i'm just myself
could be lying
and i would never know
please
i'm sorry i just can't pull that off
i'm not
really just fit just fine
i'm not as beautiful as you
maybe you can play guitar
maybe you could be my wife
maybe you could always show up on time
please
really doesn't seem like
you're not what i'm waiting for
oh god, this is just so retarded
'cause i'll probably change my mind.
someday i know things have to get better.
someday i know things have to get better.
someday i know things have to get better.
i'm just
met this girl
in some band and she was rocking out like _
'cause she's a rock star
please
i'm not lying
did you think _
she won't talk to me
I really should have seen it coming
Don't know why I feel betrayed
Kind of knew that when you left me
I would be the one you blamed
How you never thought about it
And just what you put me through
If you think I think you're lying
Well, it's all because of you
And you were there and I was dreaming
I found all of your cocaine
And I thought you would be sorry
And I thought I'd feel the same
I would wake up again crying
Thinking 'what a stupid game'
So you think you might stop drinking
Holding onto all these things
And you are not here
And I need you
And you are not here
And I need you
And you are not here…
And we'll go back
And we'll go back
And we'll see what might have been
And we'll see what might have been
And we'll go back
And we'll go back
And we'll see what might have been
And we'll see what might have been
And I will be the one who will come to save you
And I will be the one who will always save you
And I will be the one who will come to save you
And this song
Couldn’t be about now
I see it
In the way you talk about yourself
I gave up
And I drink until my insides all fall out
I’ve killed time
And I wouldn’t want to know
You think you know me
As done back in mid 2003
And I laugh now
I’ve been laughing this whole goddamn time
Someone save me
Someone save me
Please please save me
Someone save me
Someone save me
Dear God someone save me
Someone please save me
Someone save me
Oh please save me
Please someone save me
Someone please save me
Someone save me
Someone save me
I’ve sat in circles
I cannot ….
I’ve seen in mirrors
And I’ve seen everything so close
Something different
But the words I couldn’t bare
The look in your face
Thinking as I said this was the end
Someone save me
Someone save me
Please please save me
Someone save me
Someone save me
Dear God someone save me
Someone please save me
Someone save me
Oh please save me
Please someone save me
Someone please save me
Someone save me
Maybe if I did something real
You would like me more
And all of this would just go away
So please don't give it a second thought
'Cause I never did when I met you
Well, I guess it's all come back to me now
And you're all so sad
And that's just too bad
'Cause you always had
That chance to make it
Better in your head (head)
And I don't want her and I can't have her (If you knew
exactly how I felt)
Of course that's what they said (You wouldn't like me
anymore)
And you always do what they say
But of course you'll always do what they say
And you're all I want in this world
And you're all I think of all the time
I don't know why (Seems to like me)
Making everyone mad
They didn't like me
And you're all so sad and it's just too bad
'Cause you always had
That chance to make things (I wanted you to like me)
Seem better (I wanted you to like me)
In your own head (I wanted you to like me)
But of course you always do what they say
And of course you always do what they do
This girl is in a rock show
She'll rock it out like no one can
I'll stare at her
'Cause she's a rock star
She won't talk to me
'Cause she's a rock star
'Cause she's a rock star
'Cause she's a rock star
'Cause she's a rock star
'Cause she's a rock star
'Cause she's a rock star
what will you do with me?
i don't believe this really makes me sad.
if this was fun, i wouldn't do this.
i'm trying to be fair.
are you missing something?
did you lose the game?
are you missing last year?
just get away.
did it mess you up?
this wasn't in the plan.
i wish you weren't trying to do this.
you might hate me for it later.
are you missing last year?
are you missing me?
so i've lost this game.
please go away.
please go away.
i hope you feel like you've lost this game.
i hope you feel like you're missing something.
i hope you cry when you get home. [x4]
and the more i hear the more i want to leave this town
behind and leave all of you crying all over someone
that you just can't have again love again drink again
find someone else that you know,
cause you know it will make you feel better cause you
better feel something why else would you be here?
just say, "i love you sweet-heart."
i'll be yours tonight
just say, "i love you sweet-heart."
i'll make you stronger.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
i'm sorry if you all have some sexual confusion
it's too late for that can't you see what you've done?
i don't sleep with my friends i don't lie when i need
it i'm doing my best not to lead you on.
it's just too bad that i've been there myself and it's
just too bad that i'm so much like all of you.
just say, "i love you sweet-heart."
it's not wrong at all
just say, "i love you sweet-heart."
i want to make you stronger and
you won't be wrong at all this time.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
can't even breathe in here i can't even look at you
tell me how it feels when they all start to laugh at
you tell me how it feels when they all start to laugh
at you tell me how it feels when they all start to
laugh at you tell me how it feels when they all start
to laugh at you
when they all start to laugh at you
lost again
disappear from everyone
stuck between
where i need to go
and where i'm going.
they always said it was stupid.
don't you know that's the only way to hurt me?
and i guess i'll go away now
if all i can do is hurt you.
it's all what you think it is
it's all the same in my head.
forget myself in this
forget myself in this
forget myself from everything.
please forgive me.
they always said it was stupid.
don't you know that's the only way to hurt me?
and i guess i'll go away now.
we'd all like to think that we're the pretty one
and we'd all like to think that what we do is better than
what everyone else does
and we'd all like to think that we can get the girl
and we'd all like to think that we're the unselfish one
why can it be good until someone else likes it?
and why can't it be good if everyone else has it?
and why do we all think everyone's in love with us?
and why do we say "it's better" when we know we're the
best?
'cause we'd all like to think that we're the pretty one
and we'd all like to think that what we do is better than
what everyone else does
and we'd all like to think that we can get the girl
and we'd all like to think that we're the unselfish one
why do we act so humble when we're all just hung up on
ourselves?
why do we act so humble when we're all just hung up on
ourselves?
why do we act so humble when we're all just hung up on
ourselves?
what do i act so humble?
I go to the show
I guess I'll see you there
I hope that your down
I'm waiting for it
And we'll sing a song
Remembering when
It feels the same now
I'll never grow up
The x on your eyes
I'm smiling and nod now
I miss how it was
But I won’t forget
I'm happy for you
Like I was when you told me
We'll just leave them there and
Never look back
And this could be
The way you wanted
But I don't think there's a way around this
Whoever thought we'd both end up here
Remembering everyone who’s loved us
We got it all, now you’re back to see more
I’m really glad that I’m with you this time
And there was a time
I thought I would make it
I thought I would leave you
I thought you'd forget
And I can be the one you wanted
All of the time
Everything you dream of
I wish I knew where I fucked up with you
And you could know I would be here waiting
I think you know I'd do anything for you
No matter what, at this point, it’s worth it
You never know who you’ll end up with here
So that day when you all realize
It was never worth it
The pain in your eyes would be enough
To make me smile
To make me smile
So don't you say that I don't feel sorry for you anymore
You told me too much and that's always the worst mistake
to make
So that's what you get for falling in love
And that's what you get for trusting her that much
'Cause don't you say that I don't feel sorry for you
It seems all my friends have been falling for someone
these days
And that kind of thing just really isn't my scene
And I don't regret ever sending you that Christmas card
And I don't regret never telling you goodbye.
And I am such a liar
'Cause if I could have it my way
I'd tell you everything
And this whole thing is driving me insane
Never see you around
i could know that you're lying sometimes.
i guess so you can get through this time.
you could be more aware than all them.
{i don't care}
i could be more aware
{someone told}
than you think.
{the one i love}
don't forget the one you love.
don't forget the one you love.
you're such a joke.
of everyone
just take a look
just give up, i don't care.
i should've told the one i love.
am i just someone new in this game?
guess we won't know till the end.
_ just confuse why i'm here,
'cause you don't feel the same.
{should've told the one i love}
the one i love
the one i love
turn it on, turn it on
don't forget the one you love
get it off, get it off
don't forget the one you love
did you always do what they say?
{don't forget the one you love}
get it off, get it off
did you always do what they say?
{don't forget the one you love}
turn it on, turn it on
maybe it's the rain.
maybe it's my head.
maybe it's not sad.
maybe it's not like yesterday.
we can just be friends.
i guess it's my turn now.
let me buy you a drink.
i'm glad we figured this all out.
i didn't expect to cry
i didn't expect you to say that
didn't know what you thought
i didn't want to feel used.
but of course i'll be there watching you want them
wanting to tell them
telling you nothing.
but of course i'll be there
telling you nothing
telling you nothing
telling you nothing.
maybe it's the rain.
maybe it's not sad.
it's all upside down.
it's all turned around.
i'm all inside out.
and i'm going down.
but of course i'll be there watching you want them
wanting to tell them
telling you nothing.
nothing to say.
but of course i'll be there
watching you want them
wanting to tell them
telling you nothing
nothing to say
nothing to say
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
The Saturdays - What About Us
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 12 May 2013
The new single 'What About Us' available on US iTunes now http://smarturl.it/WhatAboutUs Catch the brand new TV show 'Chasing The Saturdays' premiering on E!...
http://wn.com/The_Saturdays_What_About_Us
The new single 'What About Us' available on US iTunes now http://smarturl.it/WhatAboutUs Catch the brand new TV show 'Chasing The Saturdays' premiering on E!...
Regina Spektor - "Us" [OFFICIAL Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 12 May 2013
Regina's official music video for "Us" directed by Adria Petty. Regina's new album 'What We Saw from the Cheap Seats' is available now: http://smarturl.it/wh...
http://wn.com/Regina_Spektor_Us_OFFICIAL_Video_
Regina's official music video for "Us" directed by Adria Petty. Regina's new album 'What We Saw from the Cheap Seats' is available now: http://smarturl.it/wh...
- published: 13 Nov 2006
- views: 7294016
- author: ReginaSpektor
Where US Politics Came From: Crash Course US History #9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:57
- Updated: 10 May 2013
In which John Green teaches you where American politicians come from. In the beginning, soon after the US constitution was adopted, politics were pretty non-...
http://wn.com/Where_US_Politics_Came_From_Crash_Course_US_History_9
In which John Green teaches you where American politicians come from. In the beginning, soon after the US constitution was adopted, politics were pretty non-...
- published: 04 Apr 2013
- views: 144972
- author: crashcourse
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - CAN'T HOLD US FEAT. RAY DALTON (OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:04
- Updated: 12 May 2013
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis present the official music video for Can't Hold Us feat. Ray Dalton. Can't Hold Us on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/cant-...
http://wn.com/MACKLEMORE_RYAN_LEWIS_CAN'T_HOLD_US_FEAT_RAY_DALTON_OFFICIAL_MUSIC_VIDEO
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis present the official music video for Can't Hold Us feat. Ray Dalton. Can't Hold Us on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/cant-...
- published: 17 Apr 2013
- views: 24369317
- author: Ryan Lewis
Escobar: Israel gets US's blessing to bomb Syria
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Syria says Israel has effectively declared war after its planes bombed targets in Damascus, the second airstrikes in as many days. Egypt has condemned the Is...
http://wn.com/Escobar_Israel_gets_US's_blessing_to_bomb_Syria
Syria says Israel has effectively declared war after its planes bombed targets in Damascus, the second airstrikes in as many days. Egypt has condemned the Is...
- published: 06 May 2013
- views: 25911
- author: RussiaToday
Leaked Document: Military Internment Camps in U.S to be Used for Political Dissidents
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Updated: 10 May 2013
Internment camps for political dissidents in the U.S. aren't a conspiracy theory. The Department of Defense document entitled "INTERNMENT AND RESETTLEMENT OP...
http://wn.com/Leaked_Document_Military_Internment_Camps_in_US_to_be_Used_for_Political_Dissidents
Internment camps for political dissidents in the U.S. aren't a conspiracy theory. The Department of Defense document entitled "INTERNMENT AND RESETTLEMENT OP...
- published: 04 Mar 2013
- views: 355648
- author: StormCloudsGathering
Injustice Gods Among Us Cutscenes / Cinematics Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 109:10
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Injustice Gods Among Us Cutscenes / Cinematics Movie SUBSCRIBE HERE ▻ http://bit.ly/EPIC-GAMING FACEBOOK ▻ https://www.facebook.com/IZUNIY TWITTER ▻ https://...
http://wn.com/Injustice_Gods_Among_Us_Cutscenes_Cinematics_Movie
Injustice Gods Among Us Cutscenes / Cinematics Movie SUBSCRIBE HERE ▻ http://bit.ly/EPIC-GAMING FACEBOOK ▻ https://www.facebook.com/IZUNIY TWITTER ▻ https://...
- published: 16 Apr 2013
- views: 490735
- author: Izuniy
Russia & US to pressure both sides in Syria to find peace deal - Lavrov
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Russia and the US reiterated their commitment to bringing the sides of the Syrian conflict to the negotiating table, and have announced an international conf...
http://wn.com/Russia_US_to_pressure_both_sides_in_Syria_to_find_peace_deal_Lavrov
Russia and the US reiterated their commitment to bringing the sides of the Syrian conflict to the negotiating table, and have announced an international conf...
- published: 07 May 2013
- views: 8952
- author: RussiaToday
Us - In the End (Linkin Park Cover)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 11 May 2013
http://HaveYouHeardOfUs.com "In the End" - iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/in-the-end-single/id533980850?uo=4 For international users, download here...
http://wn.com/Us_In_the_End_Linkin_Park_Cover
http://HaveYouHeardOfUs.com "In the End" - iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/in-the-end-single/id533980850?uo=4 For international users, download here...
- published: 07 Jun 2012
- views: 890179
- author: MichaelAlvaradoMusic
The Last of Us: Meet the Infected
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 11 May 2013
I'm ready for The Last of Us. This morally grey gem from the brilliant minds at Naughty Dog combines exploration, scavenging, and brutal hide-and-seek combat...
http://wn.com/The_Last_of_Us_Meet_the_Infected
I'm ready for The Last of Us. This morally grey gem from the brilliant minds at Naughty Dog combines exploration, scavenging, and brutal hide-and-seek combat...
- published: 06 May 2013
- views: 112818
- author: sceablog
Prince Harry pays tribute to US war dead
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:06
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Prince Harry, in the dress uniform of his British army regiment, laid a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington Friday and paid tribute to US ...
http://wn.com/Prince_Harry_pays_tribute_to_US_war_dead
Prince Harry, in the dress uniform of his British army regiment, laid a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington Friday and paid tribute to US ...
- published: 10 May 2013
- views: 1090
- author: AFP
Injustice: Gods Among Us - Lobo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Lobo the "Main Man" enters the arena! What if our greatest heroes became our greatest threat? Injustice: Gods Among Us is an all-new game by award-winning Ne...
http://wn.com/Injustice_Gods_Among_Us_Lobo
Lobo the "Main Man" enters the arena! What if our greatest heroes became our greatest threat? Injustice: Gods Among Us is an all-new game by award-winning Ne...
- published: 27 Apr 2013
- views: 493591
- author: InjusticeGame
US women rescued decade after vanishing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Three US women, who went missing separately ten years ago have been released from hospital. They were found in a home not far from where they disappeared in ...
http://wn.com/US_women_rescued_decade_after_vanishing
Three US women, who went missing separately ten years ago have been released from hospital. They were found in a home not far from where they disappeared in ...
- published: 07 May 2013
- views: 894
- author: AlJazeeraEnglish
Injustice: Gods Among Us -- Batgirl Reveal Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 12 May 2013
In this trailer Batgirl is revealed as the next DLC character for Injustice: Gods Among Us. Developer: NetherRealm Studios Release: 2013 Genre: Fighting Plat...
http://wn.com/Injustice_Gods_Among_Us_-_Batgirl_Reveal_Trailer
In this trailer Batgirl is revealed as the next DLC character for Injustice: Gods Among Us. Developer: NetherRealm Studios Release: 2013 Genre: Fighting Plat...
- published: 09 May 2013
- views: 98591
- author: machinima
U.S. Soldier Survives Taliban Machine Gun Fire During Firefight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 11 May 2013
No rounds penetrated his body armor, and he made it home with no permanent injuries. This happened in Kunar Province, Afghanistan. *READ* From the cameraman:...
http://wn.com/US_Soldier_Survives_Taliban_Machine_Gun_Fire_During_Firefight
No rounds penetrated his body armor, and he made it home with no permanent injuries. This happened in Kunar Province, Afghanistan. *READ* From the cameraman:...
- published: 26 Sep 2012
- views: 24795909
- author: FUNKER530
Prince Harry begins U.S. tour in D.C.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 10 May 2013
The British royal has stops scheduled in Washington, New Jersey and Colorado.
http://wn.com/Prince_Harry_begins_US_tour_in_DC
The British royal has stops scheduled in Washington, New Jersey and Colorado.
- published: 09 May 2013
- views: 1104
- author: CNN
The Last of Us E3 2012 Gameplay
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:23
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Joel and Ellie are attempting to get to the bridge and out of the city. They are tourists in an area that's controlled by hunters. They are hunted and yet th...
http://wn.com/The_Last_of_Us_E3_2012_Gameplay
Joel and Ellie are attempting to get to the bridge and out of the city. They are tourists in an area that's controlled by hunters. They are hunted and yet th...
- published: 05 Jun 2012
- views: 4199625
- author: PlayStation
Borderlands 2 - Anthony Burch Walks Us Through Krieg the Psycho
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:32
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Lead writer Anthony Burch walks us through Borderlands 2's new Psycho Krieg and all the carnage he is capable of. Subscribe to IGN's channel for reviews, new...
http://wn.com/Borderlands_2_Anthony_Burch_Walks_Us_Through_Krieg_the_Psycho
Lead writer Anthony Burch walks us through Borderlands 2's new Psycho Krieg and all the carnage he is capable of. Subscribe to IGN's channel for reviews, new...
- published: 10 May 2013
- views: 15260
- author: IGN
Injustice Gods Among Us - All Characters Endings Cut Scenes Cinematics HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:34
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Aquaman 0:00 Ares 0:51 Bane 1:33 Batman 2:15 Black Adam 3:05 Catwoman 3:40 Cyborg 4:23 Deathstroke 5:04 Doomsday 5:49 The Flash 6:39 Green Arrow 7:24 Green L...
http://wn.com/Injustice_Gods_Among_Us_All_Characters_Endings_Cut_Scenes_Cinematics_HD
Aquaman 0:00 Ares 0:51 Bane 1:33 Batman 2:15 Black Adam 3:05 Catwoman 3:40 Cyborg 4:23 Deathstroke 5:04 Doomsday 5:49 The Flash 6:39 Green Arrow 7:24 Green L...
- published: 14 Apr 2013
- views: 87080
- author: AlzuGaming
Injustice: Gods Among Us - Lobo History Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:38
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Take a look at Lobo's history in this new trailer. Follow Injustice: Gods Among Us at GameSpot.com! http://www.gamespot.com/injustice-gods-among-us/ Official...
http://wn.com/Injustice_Gods_Among_Us_Lobo_History_Trailer
Take a look at Lobo's history in this new trailer. Follow Injustice: Gods Among Us at GameSpot.com! http://www.gamespot.com/injustice-gods-among-us/ Official...
- published: 07 May 2013
- views: 8773
- author: gamespot
The U.S. Government is Broke!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 34:07
- Updated: 11 May 2013
[TWITTER] https://twitter.com/RealAlexJones [FACEBOOK] https://www.facebook.com/AlexanderEmerickJones NEW ITEM** [ProOne Water & Fluoride Filter] The ProOne ...
http://wn.com/The_US_Government_is_Broke!
[TWITTER] https://twitter.com/RealAlexJones [FACEBOOK] https://www.facebook.com/AlexanderEmerickJones NEW ITEM** [ProOne Water & Fluoride Filter] The ProOne ...
- published: 10 May 2013
- views: 8638
- author: TheAlexJonesChannel
Age of Jackson: Crash Course US History #14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:05
- Updated: 12 May 2013
In which John Green teaches you about the presidency of Andrew Jackson So how did a president with astoundingly bad fiscal policies end up on the $20 bill? T...
http://wn.com/Age_of_Jackson_Crash_Course_US_History_14
In which John Green teaches you about the presidency of Andrew Jackson So how did a president with astoundingly bad fiscal policies end up on the $20 bill? T...
- published: 09 May 2013
- views: 84640
- author: crashcourse
RSA Animate - Drive: The surprising truth about what motivates us
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:48
- Updated: 11 May 2013
This lively RSA Animate, adapted from Dan Pink's talk at the RSA, illustrates the hidden truths behind what really motivates us at home and in the workplace....
http://wn.com/RSA_Animate_Drive_The_surprising_truth_about_what_motivates_us
This lively RSA Animate, adapted from Dan Pink's talk at the RSA, illustrates the hidden truths behind what really motivates us at home and in the workplace....
- published: 01 Apr 2010
- views: 10479436
- author: The RSA
This article is about the United States of America. For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation).
| United States of America | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
| Motto: In God We Trust (official) E Pluribus Unum (traditional) (Latin: Out of Many, One) |
||||||
Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner" |
||||||
.svg) |
||||||
| Capital | Washington, D.C. 38°53′N 77°01′W / 38.883°N 77.017°W / 38.883; -77.017 |
|||||
| Largest city | New York City | |||||
| Official language(s) | None at federal level[a] | |||||
| National language | English (de facto)[b] | |||||
| Demonym | American | |||||
| Government | Federal presidential constitutional republic | |||||
| - | President | Barack Obama (D) | ||||
| - | Vice President | Joe Biden (D) | ||||
| - | Speaker of the House | John Boehner (R) | ||||
| - | Chief Justice | John Roberts | ||||
| Legislature | Congress | |||||
| - | Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - | Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| Independence | from the Kingdom of Great Britain | |||||
| - | Declared | July 4, 1776 | ||||
| - | Recognized | September 3, 1783 | ||||
| - | Current constitution | June 21, 1788 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 9,826,675 km2 [1][c](3rd/4th) 3,794,101 sq mi |
||||
| - | Water (%) | 6.76 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2012 estimate | 313,802,000[2] (3rd) | ||||
| - | Density | 33.7/km2 87.4/sq mi |
||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $15.094 trillion[3] (1st) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $48,386[3] (6th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $15.094 trillion[3] (1st) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $48,386[3] (15th) | ||||
| Gini (2007) | 45.0[1] (39th) | |||||
| HDI (2011) |  0.910[4] (very high) (4th) |
|||||
| Currency | United States dollar ($) (USD) |
|||||
| Time zone | (UTC−5 to −10) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | (UTC−4 to −10) | ||||
| Date formats | m/d/yy (AD) | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Internet TLD | .us .gov .mil .edu | |||||
| Calling code | +1 | |||||
| ^ a. English is the official language of at least 28 states—some sources give a higher figure, based on differing definitions of "official".[5] English and Hawaiian are both official languages in the state of Hawaii.
^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language. ^ c. Whether the United States or China is larger is disputed. The figure given is from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook. Other sources give smaller figures. All authoritative calculations of the country's size include only the 50 states and the District of Columbia, not the territories. ^ d. The population estimate includes people whose usual residence is in the fifty states and the District of Columbia, including noncitizens. It does not include either those living in the territories, amounting to more than 4 million U.S. citizens (mostly in Puerto Rico), or U.S. citizens living outside the United States. |
||||||
.svg)
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries.[6] The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity).[3][7] Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.[3]
Indigenous peoples descended from forebears who migrated from Asia have inhabited what is now the mainland United States for many thousands of years. This Native American population was greatly reduced by disease and warfare after European contact. The United States was founded by thirteen British colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their right to self-determination and their establishment of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated the British Empire in the American Revolution, the first successful colonial war of independence.[8] The current United States Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a stronger central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.
Through the 19th century, the United States displaced native tribes, acquired the Louisiana territory from France, Florida from Spain, part of the Oregon Country from the United Kingdom, Alta California and New Mexico from Mexico, and Alaska from Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over the expansion of the institution of slavery and states' rights provoked the Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, its national economy was the world's largest.[9] The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. It emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for 41% of global military spending,[10] and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.[11]
Contents |
Etymology[link]
See also: Names for United States citizens
In 1507, German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere "America" after Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci.[12] The former British colonies first used the country's modern name in the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the "unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America".[13] On November 15, 1777, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation, which states, "The Stile of this Confederacy shall be 'The United States of America'." The Franco-American treaties of 1778 used "United States of North America", but from July 11, 1778, "United States of America" was used on the country's bills of exchange, and it has been the official name ever since.[14]
The short form "United States" is also standard. Other common forms include the "U.S.", the "USA", and "America". Colloquial names include the "U.S. of A." and, internationally, the "States". "Columbia", a once popular name for the United States, derives from Christopher Columbus; it appears in the name "District of Columbia".
The standard way to refer to a citizen of the United States is as an "American". Although "United States" is the official appositional term, "American" and "U.S." are more commonly used to refer to the country adjectivally ("American values", "U.S. forces"). "American" is rarely used in English to refer to people not connected to the United States.[15]
The phrase "United States" was originally treated as plural—e.g., "the United States are"—including in the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865. It became common to treat it as singular—e.g., "the United States is"—after the end of the Civil War. The singular form is now standard; the plural form is retained in the idiom "these United States".[16]
Geography and environment[link]
Main articles: Geography of the United States, Climate of the United States, and Environment of the United States
The land area of the contiguous United States is approximately 1,900 million acres (7,700,000 km2). Alaska, separated from the contiguous United States by Canada, is the largest state at 365 million acres (1,480,000 km2). Hawaii, occupying an archipelago in the central Pacific, southwest of North America, has just over 4 million acres (16,000 km2).[17] The United States is the world's third or fourth largest nation by total area (land and water), ranking behind Russia and Canada and just above or below China. The ranking varies depending on how two territories disputed by China and India are counted and how the total size of the United States is measured: calculations range from 3,676,486 square miles (9,522,055 km2)[18] to 3,717,813 square miles (9,629,091 km2)[19] to 3,794,101 square miles (9,826,676 km2).[1] Including only land area, the United States is third in size behind Russia and China, just ahead of Canada.[20]
The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard gives way further inland to deciduous forests and the rolling hills of the Piedmont. The Appalachian Mountains divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest. The Mississippi–Missouri River, the world's fourth longest river system, runs mainly north–south through the heart of the country. The flat, fertile prairie of the Great Plains stretches to the west, interrupted by a highland region in the southeast. The Rocky Mountains, at the western edge of the Great Plains, extend north to south across the country, reaching altitudes higher than 14,000 feet (4,300 m) in Colorado. Farther west are the rocky Great Basin and deserts such as the Chihuahua and Mojave. The Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges run close to the Pacific coast. At 20,320 feet (6,194 m), Alaska's Mount McKinley is the tallest peak in the country and in North America. Active volcanoes are common throughout Alaska's Alexander and Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands. The supervolcano underlying Yellowstone National Park in the Rockies is the continent's largest volcanic feature.[21]
The United States, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types. To the east of the 100th meridian, the climate ranges from humid continental in the north to humid subtropical in the south. The southern tip of Florida is tropical, as is Hawaii. The Great Plains west of the 100th meridian are semi-arid. Much of the Western mountains are alpine. The climate is arid in the Great Basin, desert in the Southwest, Mediterranean in coastal California, and oceanic in coastal Oregon and Washington and southern Alaska. Most of Alaska is subarctic or polar. Extreme weather is not uncommon—the states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes, and most of the world's tornadoes occur within the country, mainly in the Midwest's Tornado Alley.[22]
The U.S. ecology is considered "megadiverse": about 17,000 species of vascular plants occur in the contiguous United States and Alaska, and over 1,800 species of flowering plants are found in Hawaii, few of which occur on the mainland.[23] The United States is home to more than 400 mammal, 750 bird, and 500 reptile and amphibian species.[24] About 91,000 insect species have been described.[25] The Endangered Species Act of 1973 protects threatened and endangered species and their habitats, which are monitored by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. There are fifty-eight national parks and hundreds of other federally managed parks, forests, and wilderness areas.[26] Altogether, the government owns 28.8% of the country's land area.[27] Most of this is protected, though some is leased for oil and gas drilling, mining, logging, or cattle ranching; 2.4% is used for military purposes.[27]
Political divisions[link]
Main article: U.S. state
Further information: Territorial evolution of the United States and United States territorial acquisitions
The United States is a federal union of fifty states. The original thirteen states were the successors of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule. Early in the country's history, three new states were organized on territory separated from the claims of the existing states: Kentucky from Virginia; Tennessee from North Carolina; and Maine from Massachusetts. Most of the other states have been carved from territories obtained through war or purchase by the U.S. government. One set of exceptions comprises Vermont, Texas, and Hawaii: each was an independent republic before joining the union. During the American Civil War, West Virginia broke away from Virginia. The most recent state—Hawaii—achieved statehood on August 21, 1959.[28] The states do not have the right to secede from the union.
The states compose the vast bulk of the U.S. land mass; the two other areas considered integral parts of the country are the District of Columbia, the federal district where the capital, Washington, is located; and Palmyra Atoll, an uninhabited but incorporated territory in the Pacific Ocean. The United States also possesses five major overseas territories: Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands in the Caribbean; and American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific.[29] Those born in the major territories (except for American Samoa) possess U.S. citizenship.[30] American citizens residing in the territories have many of the same rights and responsibilities as citizens residing in the states; however, they are generally exempt from federal income tax, may not vote for president, and have only nonvoting representation in the U.S. Congress.[31]
History[link]
Main article: History of the United States
Native American and European settlement[link]
The indigenous peoples of the U.S. mainland, including Alaska Natives, are believed to have migrated from Asia, beginning between 40,000 and 12,000 years ago.[32] Some, such as the pre-Columbian Mississippian culture, developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies. After Europeans began settling the Americas, many millions of indigenous Americans died from epidemics of imported diseases such as smallpox.[33]
In 1492, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus, under contract to the Spanish crown, reached several Caribbean islands, making first contact with the indigenous people. On April 2, 1513, Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed on what he called "La Florida"—the first documented European arrival on what would become the U.S. mainland. Spanish settlements in the region were followed by ones in the present-day southwestern United States that drew thousands through Mexico. French fur traders established outposts of New France around the Great Lakes; France eventually claimed much of the North American interior, down to the Gulf of Mexico. The first successful English settlements were the Virginia Colony in Jamestown in 1607 and the Pilgrims' Plymouth Colony in 1620. The 1628 chartering of the Massachusetts Bay Colony resulted in a wave of migration; by 1634, New England had been settled by some 10,000 Puritans. Between the late 1610s and the American Revolution, about 50,000 convicts were shipped to Britain's American colonies.[34] Beginning in 1614, the Dutch settled along the lower Hudson River, including New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island.
In 1674, the Dutch ceded their American territory to England; the province of New Netherland was renamed New York. Many new immigrants, especially to the South, were indentured servants—some two-thirds of all Virginia immigrants between 1630 and 1680.[35] By the turn of the 18th century, African slaves were becoming the primary source of bonded labor. With the 1729 division of the Carolinas and the 1732 colonization of Georgia, the thirteen British colonies that would become the United States of America were established. All had local governments with elections open to most free men, with a growing devotion to the ancient rights of Englishmen and a sense of self-government stimulating support for republicanism. All legalized the African slave trade. With high birth rates, low death rates, and steady immigration, the colonial population grew rapidly. The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled interest in both religion and religious liberty. In the French and Indian War, British forces seized Canada from the French, but the francophone population remained politically isolated from the southern colonies. Excluding the Native Americans (popularly known as "American Indians"), who were being displaced, those thirteen colonies had a population of 2.6 million in 1770, about one-third that of Britain; nearly one in five Americans were black slaves.[36] Though subject to British taxation, the American colonials had no representation in the Parliament of Great Britain.
Independence and expansion[link]
Tensions between American colonials and the British during the revolutionary period of the 1760s and early 1770s led to the American Revolutionary War, fought from 1775 to 1781. On June 14, 1775, the Continental Congress, convening in Philadelphia, established a Continental Army under the command of George Washington. Proclaiming that "all men are created equal" and endowed with "certain unalienable Rights", the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson, on July 4, 1776. That date is now celebrated annually as America's Independence Day. In 1777, the Articles of Confederation established a weak confederal government that operated until 1789.
After the British defeat by American forces assisted by the French and Spanish, Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States and the states' sovereignty over American territory west to the Mississippi River. Those wishing to establish a strong federal government with powers of taxation organized a constitutional convention in 1787. The United States Constitution was ratified in 1788, and the new republic's first Senate, House of Representatives, and president—George Washington—took office in 1789. The Bill of Rights, forbidding federal restriction of personal freedoms and guaranteeing a range of legal protections, was adopted in 1791.
Attitudes toward slavery were shifting; a clause in the Constitution protected the Atlantic slave trade only until 1808. The Northern states abolished slavery between 1780 and 1804, leaving the slave states of the South as defenders of the "peculiar institution". The Second Great Awakening, beginning about 1800, made evangelicalism a force behind various social reform movements, including abolitionism.
Americans' eagerness to expand westward prompted a long series of Indian Wars. The Louisiana Purchase of French-claimed territory under President Thomas Jefferson in 1803 almost doubled the nation's size.[37] The War of 1812, declared against Britain over various grievances and fought to a draw, strengthened U.S. nationalism. A series of U.S. military incursions into Florida led Spain to cede it and other Gulf Coast territory in 1819. The Trail of Tears in the 1830s exemplified the Indian removal policy that stripped the native peoples of their land. The United States annexed the Republic of Texas in 1845, amid a period when the concept of Manifest Destiny was becoming popular.[38] The 1846 Oregon Treaty with Britain led to U.S. control of the present-day American Northwest. The U.S. victory in the Mexican-American War resulted in the 1848 cession of California and much of the present-day American Southwest. The California Gold Rush of 1848–49 further spurred western migration. New railways made relocation easier for settlers and increased conflicts with Native Americans. Over a half-century, up to 40 million American bison, or buffalo, were slaughtered for skins and meat and to ease the railways' spread. The loss of the buffalo, a primary resource for the plains Indians, was an existential blow to many native cultures.
Civil War and industrialization[link]
Tensions between slave and free states mounted with arguments about the relationship between the state and federal governments, as well as violent conflicts over the spread of slavery into new states. Abraham Lincoln, candidate of the largely antislavery Republican Party, was elected president in 1860. Before he took office, seven slave states declared their secession—which the federal government maintained was illegal—and formed the Confederate States of America. With the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter, the Civil War began and four more slave states joined the Confederacy. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 declared slaves in the Confederacy to be free. Following the Union victory in 1865, three amendments to the U.S. Constitution ensured freedom for the nearly four million African Americans who had been slaves,[39] made them citizens, and gave them voting rights. The war and its resolution led to a substantial increase in federal power.[40] The war remains the deadliest conflict in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers.[41]
After the war, the assassination of Abraham Lincoln radicalized Republican Reconstruction policies aimed at reintegrating and rebuilding the Southern states while ensuring the rights of the newly freed slaves. The resolution of the disputed 1876 presidential election by the Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction; Jim Crow laws soon disenfranchised many African Americans. In the North, urbanization and an unprecedented influx of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe hastened the country's industrialization. The wave of immigration, lasting until 1929, provided labor and transformed American culture. National infrastructure development spurred economic growth. The 1867 Alaska Purchase from Russia completed the country's mainland expansion. The Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 was the last major armed conflict of the Indian Wars. In 1893, the indigenous monarchy of the Pacific Kingdom of Hawaii was overthrown in a coup led by American residents; the United States annexed the archipelago in 1898. Victory in the Spanish–American War the same year demonstrated that the United States was a world power and led to the annexation of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.[42] The Philippines gained independence a half-century later; Puerto Rico and Guam remain U.S. territories.
World War I, Great Depression, and World War II[link]
At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the United States remained neutral. Most Americans sympathized with the British and French, although many opposed intervention.[43] In 1917, the United States joined the Allies, and the American Expeditionary Forces helped to turn the tide against the Central Powers. After the war, the Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, which established the League of Nations. The country pursued a policy of unilateralism, verging on isolationism.[44] In 1920, the women's rights movement won passage of a constitutional amendment granting women's suffrage. The prosperity of the Roaring Twenties ended with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 that triggered the Great Depression. After his election as president in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt responded with the New Deal, a range of policies increasing government intervention in the economy, including the establishment of the Social Security system.[45] The Dust Bowl of the mid-1930s impoverished many farming communities and spurred a new wave of western migration.
The United States, effectively neutral during World War II's early stages after Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939, began supplying materiel to the Allies in March 1941 through the Lend-Lease program. On December 7, 1941, the Empire of Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, prompting the United States to join the Allies against the Axis powers as well as the internment of Japanese Americans by the thousands.[46] Participation in the war spurred capital investment and industrial capacity. Among the major combatants, the United States was the only nation to become richer—indeed, far richer—instead of poorer because of the war.[47] Allied conferences at Bretton Woods and Yalta outlined a new system of international organizations that placed the United States and Soviet Union at the center of world affairs. As victory was won in Europe, a 1945 international conference held in San Francisco produced the United Nations Charter, which became active after the war.[48] The United States, having developed the first nuclear weapons, used them on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August. Japan surrendered on September 2, ending the war.[49]
Cold War and protest politics[link]
The United States and the Soviet Union jockeyed for power after World War II during the Cold War, dominating the military affairs of Europe through NATO and the Warsaw Pact, respectively. While they engaged in proxy wars and developed powerful nuclear arsenals, the two countries avoided direct military conflict. Resisting leftist land and income redistribution projects around the world, the United States often supported authoritarian governments. American troops fought Communist Chinese forces in the Korean War of 1950–53. The House Un-American Activities Committee pursued a series of investigations into suspected leftist subversion, while Senator Joseph McCarthy became the figurehead of anticommunist sentiment.
The 1961 Soviet launch of the first manned spaceflight prompted President John F. Kennedy's call for the United States to be first to land "a man on the moon", achieved in 1969. Kennedy also faced a tense nuclear showdown with Soviet forces in Cuba. Meanwhile, the United States experienced sustained economic expansion. A growing civil rights movement, symbolized and led by African Americans such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., used nonviolence to confront segregation and discrimination. Following Kennedy's assassination in 1963, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed under President Lyndon B. Johnson.[50][51] He also signed into law the Medicare and Medicaid programs.[52] Johnson and his successor, Richard Nixon, expanded a proxy war in Southeast Asia into the unsuccessful Vietnam War. A widespread countercultural movement grew, fueled by opposition to the war, black nationalism, and the sexual revolution. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, and others led a new wave of feminism that sought political, social, and economic equality for women.
As a result of the Watergate scandal, in 1974 Nixon became the first U.S. president to resign, to avoid being impeached on charges including obstruction of justice and abuse of power. The Jimmy Carter administration of the late 1970s was marked by stagflation and the Iran hostage crisis. The election of Ronald Reagan as president in 1980 heralded a rightward shift in American politics, reflected in major changes in taxation and spending priorities. His second term in office brought both the Iran-Contra scandal and significant diplomatic progress with the Soviet Union. The subsequent Soviet collapse ended the Cold War.
Contemporary era[link]
Under President George H. W. Bush, the United States took a lead role in the UN–sanctioned Gulf War. The longest economic expansion in modern U.S. history—from March 1991 to March 2001—encompassed the Bill Clinton administration and the dot-com bubble.[53] A civil lawsuit and sex scandal led to Clinton's impeachment in 1998, but he remained in office. The 2000 presidential election, one of the closest in American history, was resolved by a U.S. Supreme Court decision—George W. Bush, son of George H. W. Bush, became president.
On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda terrorists struck the World Trade Center in New York City and The Pentagon near Washington, D.C., killing nearly three thousand people. In response, the Bush administration launched the global War on Terror, invading Afghanistan and removing the Taliban government and al-Qaeda training camps. Taliban insurgents continue to fight a guerrilla war. In 2002, the Bush administration began to press for regime change in Iraq on controversial grounds.[54] Forces led by the U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003, ousting Saddam Hussein. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused severe destruction along much of the Gulf Coast, devastating New Orleans. In 2008, amid a global economic recession, the first African American president, Barack Obama, was elected. Major health care and financial system reforms were enacted two years later. In 2011, a raid by Navy SEALs in Pakistan killed al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. The Iraq War ended with the pullout of the remaining U.S. troops from the country.
Government and politics[link]
Main articles: Federal government of the United States, state governments of the United States, and elections in the United States
The United States is the world's oldest surviving federation. It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy, "in which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law".[55] The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the U.S. Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal document.[56] In the American federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of government, federal, state, and local; the local government's duties are commonly split between county and municipal governments. In almost all cases, executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality vote of citizens by district. There is no proportional representation at the federal level, and it is very rare at lower levels.
The federal government is composed of three branches:
- Legislative: The bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government.
- Executive: The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law, and appoints the members of the Cabinet (subject to Senate approval) and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.
- Judicial: The Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the president with Senate approval, interpret laws and overturn those they find unconstitutional.
The House of Representatives has 435 voting members, each representing a congressional district for a two-year term. House seats are apportioned among the states by population every tenth year. As of the 2000 census, seven states have the minimum of one representative, while California, the most populous state, has fifty-three. The Senate has 100 members with each state having two senators, elected at-large to six-year terms; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year. The president serves a four-year term and may be elected to the office no more than twice. The president is not elected by direct vote, but by an indirect electoral college system in which the determining votes are apportioned to the states and the District of Columbia. The Supreme Court, led by the Chief Justice of the United States, has nine members, who serve for life.
The state governments are structured in roughly similar fashion; Nebraska uniquely has a unicameral legislature. The governor (chief executive) of each state is directly elected. Some state judges and cabinet officers are appointed by the governors of the respective states, while others are elected by popular vote.
The original text of the Constitution establishes the structure and responsibilities of the federal government and its relationship with the individual states. Article One protects the right to the "great writ" of habeas corpus, and Article Three guarantees the right to a jury trial in all criminal cases. Amendments to the Constitution require the approval of three-fourths of the states. The Constitution has been amended twenty-seven times; the first ten amendments, which make up the Bill of Rights, and the Fourteenth Amendment form the central basis of Americans' individual rights. All laws and governmental procedures are subject to judicial review and any law ruled in violation of the Constitution is voided. The principle of judicial review, not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, was declared by the Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison (1803).
Parties and ideology[link]
Main articles: Politics of the United States and Political ideologies in the United States
The United States has operated under a two-party system for most of its history.[57] For elective offices at most levels, state-administered primary elections choose the major party nominees for subsequent general elections. Since the general election of 1856, the major parties have been the Democratic Party, founded in 1824, and the Republican Party, founded in 1854. Since the Civil War, only one third-party presidential candidate—former president Theodore Roosevelt, running as a Progressive in 1912—has won as much as 20% of the popular vote.
Within American political culture, the Republican Party is considered center-right or conservative and the Democratic Party is considered center-left or liberal. The states of the Northeast and West Coast and some of the Great Lakes states, known as "blue states", are relatively liberal. The "red states" of the South and parts of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains are relatively conservative.
The winner of the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama, is the 44th U.S. president. The 2010 midterm elections saw the Republican Party take control of the House and make gains in the Senate, where the Democrats retain the majority. In the 112th United States Congress, the Senate comprises 51 Democrats, two independents who caucus with the Democrats, and 47 Republicans; the House comprises 242 Republicans and 192 Democrats—one seat is vacant. There are 29 Republican and 20 Democratic state governors, as well as one independent.
Foreign relations and military[link]
Main articles: Foreign policy of the United States and United States Armed Forces
The United States exercises global economic, political, and military influence. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and New York City hosts the United Nations Headquarters. It is a member of the G8,[58] G20, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Almost all countries have embassies in Washington, D.C., and many have consulates around the country. Likewise, nearly all nations host American diplomatic missions. However, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Bhutan, and the Republic of China (Taiwan) do not have formal diplomatic relations with the United States.
The United States has a "special relationship" with the United Kingdom[59] and strong ties with Canada,[60] Australia,[61] New Zealand,[62] the Philippines,[63] Japan,[64] South Korea,[65] Israel,[66] and several European countries. It works closely with fellow NATO members on military and security issues and with its neighbors through the Organization of American States and free trade agreements such as the trilateral North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexico. In 2008, the United States spent a net $25.4 billion on official development assistance, the most in the world. As a share of America's large gross national income (GNI), however, the U.S. contribution of 0.18% ranked last among twenty-two donor states. By contrast, private overseas giving by Americans is relatively generous.[67]
.jpg)
The president holds the title of commander-in-chief of the nation's armed forces and appoints its leaders, the secretary of defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The United States Department of Defense administers the armed forces, including the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. The Coast Guard is run by the Department of Homeland Security in peacetime and the Department of the Navy in time of war. In 2008, the armed forces had 1.4 million personnel on active duty. The Reserves and National Guard brought the total number of troops to 2.3 million. The Department of Defense also employed about 700,000 civilians, not including contractors.[68]
Military service is voluntary, though conscription may occur in wartime through the Selective Service System.[69] American forces can be rapidly deployed by the Air Force's large fleet of transport aircraft, the Navy's eleven active aircraft carriers, and Marine Expeditionary Units at sea with the Navy's Atlantic and Pacific fleets. The military operates 865 bases and facilities abroad,[70] and maintains deployments greater than 100 active duty personnel in 25 foreign countries.[71] The extent of this global military presence has prompted some scholars to describe the United States as maintaining an "empire of bases".[72]
Total U.S. military spending in 2010, almost $700 billion, was 43% of global military spending and greater than the next fourteen largest national military expenditures combined. At 4.8% of GDP, the rate was the second-highest among the top fifteen military spenders, after Saudi Arabia.[73] The proposed base Department of Defense budget for 2012, $553 billion, is a 4.2% increase over 2011; an additional $118 billion is proposed for the military campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan.[74] The last American troops serving in Iraq departed in December 2011;[75] 4,484 servicemen were killed during the Iraq War.[76] Approximately 90,000 U.S. troops were serving in Afghanistan as of April 2012;[77] as of April 4, 1,924 had been killed during the War in Afghanistan.[78]
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of the United States
| Economic indicators | ||
|---|---|---|
| Unemployment | 8.2% (May 2012) | [79] |
| GDP growth | 2.2% (1Q 2012), 1.7% (2011) | [80] |
| CPI inflation | 2.3% (April 2011 – April 2012) | [81] |
| Poverty | 15.1% (2010) | [82] |
| Public debt | $15.62 trillion (April 13, 2012) | [83] |
| Household net worth | $58.5 trillion (4Q 2011) | [84] |
The United States has a capitalist mixed economy, which is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity.[85] According to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. GDP of $15.1 trillion constitutes 22% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 19% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP).[3] Though larger than any other nation's, its national GDP is about 5% smaller than the GDP of the European Union at PPP in 2008. The country ranks ninth in the world in nominal GDP per capita and sixth in GDP per capita at PPP.[3] The U.S. dollar is the world's primary reserve currency.[86]
The United States is the largest importer of goods and third largest exporter, though exports per capita are relatively low. In 2010, the total U.S. trade deficit was $635 billion.[87] Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top trading partners.[88] In 2010, oil was the largest import commodity, while transportation equipment was the country's largest export.[87] China is the largest foreign holder of U.S. public debt.[89]
In 2009, the private sector was estimated to constitute 86.4% of the economy, with federal government activity accounting for 4.3% and state and local government activity (including federal transfers) the remaining 9.3%.[91] While its economy has reached a postindustrial level of development and its service sector constitutes 67.8% of GDP, the United States remains an industrial power.[92] The leading business field by gross business receipts is wholesale and retail trade; by net income it is manufacturing.[93] Chemical products are the leading manufacturing field.[94] The United States is the third largest producer of oil in the world, as well as its largest importer.[95] It is the world's number one producer of electrical and nuclear energy, as well as liquid natural gas, sulfur, phosphates, and salt. While agriculture accounts for just under 1% of GDP,[92] the United States is the world's top producer of corn[96] and soybeans.[97] Coca-Cola and McDonald's are the two most recognized brands in the world.[98]
In August 2010, the American labor force comprised 154.1 million people. With 21.2 million people, government is the leading field of employment. The largest private employment sector is health care and social assistance, with 16.4 million people. About 12% of workers are unionized, compared to 30% in Western Europe.[99] The World Bank ranks the United States first in the ease of hiring and firing workers.[100] In 2009, the United States had the third highest labor productivity per person in the world, behind Luxembourg and Norway. It was fourth in productivity per hour, behind those two countries and the Netherlands.[101] Compared to Europe, U.S. property and corporate income tax rates are generally higher, while labor and, particularly, consumption tax rates are lower.[102]
Income and human development[link]
Main article: Income in the United States
See also: Income inequality in the United States, Poverty in the United States, and Affluence in the United States
According to the United States Census Bureau, the pretax median household income in 2010 was $49,445. The median ranged from $64,308 among Asian American households to $32,068 among African American households.[82] Using purchasing power parity exchange rates, the overall median is similar to the most affluent cluster of developed nations. After declining sharply during the middle of the 20th century, poverty rates have plateaued since the early 1970s, with 11–15% of Americans below the poverty line every year, and 58.5% spending at least one year in poverty between the ages of 25 and 75.[103][104] In 2010, 46.2 million Americans lived in poverty, a figure that rose for the fourth year in a row.[82]
.jpg)
The U.S. welfare state is one of the least extensive in the developed world, reducing both relative poverty and absolute poverty by considerably less than the mean for rich nations,[105][106] though combined private and public social expenditures per capita are relatively high.[107] While the American welfare state effectively reduces poverty among the elderly,[108] it provides relatively little assistance to the young.[109] A 2007 UNICEF study of children's well-being in twenty-one industrialized nations ranked the United States next to last.[110]
Between 1947 and 1979, real median income rose by over 80% for all classes, with the incomes of poor Americans rising faster than those of the rich.[111] However, income gains since then have been slower, less widely shared, and accompanied by increased economic insecurity.[111][112] Median household income has increased for all classes since 1980,[113] largely owing to more dual-earner households, the closing of the gender pay gap, and longer work hours, but the growth has been strongly tilted toward the very top.[105][111][114] Consequently, the share of income of the top 1%—21.8% of total reported income in 2005—has more than doubled since 1980,[115] leaving the United States with the greatest income inequality among developed nations.[105][116] The United States has a progressive tax system which equates to higher income earners paying a larger percentage of their income in taxes.[117] The top 1% pays 27.6% of all federal taxes, while the top 10% pays 54.7%.[118] Wealth, like income and taxes, is highly concentrated: The richest 10% of the adult population possesses 69.8% of the country's household wealth, the second-highest share among developed nations.[119] The top 1% possesses 33.4% of net wealth.[120] In 2011 the United Nations Development Programme ranked the United States 23rd among 139 countries on its inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI), nineteen places lower than in the standard HDI.[121]
Infrastructure[link]
Science and technology[link]
Main article: Science and technology in the United States
The United States has been a leader in scientific research and technological innovation since the late 19th century. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone. Thomas Edison's laboratory developed the phonograph, the first long-lasting light bulb, and the first viable movie camera. Nikola Tesla pioneered alternating current, the AC motor, and radio. In the early 20th century, the automobile companies of Ransom E. Olds and Henry Ford popularized the assembly line. The Wright brothers, in 1903, made the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight.[122]
The rise of Nazism in the 1930s led many European scientists, including Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, and John von Neumann, to immigrate to the United States. During World War II, the Manhattan Project developed nuclear weapons, ushering in the Atomic Age. The Space Race produced rapid advances in rocketry, materials science, and computers. IBM, Apple Computer, and Microsoft refined and popularized the personal computer. The United States largely developed the ARPANET and its successor, the Internet. Today, 64% of research and development funding comes from the private sector.[123] The United States leads the world in scientific research papers and impact factor.[124] As of April 2010, 68% of American households had broadband Internet service.[125] The country is the primary developer and grower of genetically modified food, representing half of the world's biotech crops.[126]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in the United States
Personal transportation is dominated by automobiles, which operate on a network of 13 million roads,[128] including one of the world's longest highway systems.[129] The world's second largest automobile market,[130] the United States has the highest rate of per-capita vehicle ownership in the world, with 765 vehicles per 1,000 Americans.[131] About 40% of personal vehicles are vans, SUVs, or light trucks.[132] The average American adult (accounting for all drivers and nondrivers) spends 55 minutes driving every day, traveling 29 miles (47 km).[133]
Mass transit accounts for 9% of total U.S. work trips,[134] ranking last in a survey of 17 countries.[135] While transport of goods by rail is extensive, relatively few people use rail to travel,[136] though ridership on Amtrak, the national intercity passenger rail system, grew by almost 37% between 2000 and 2010.[137] Light rail development has increased in recent years but, like high speed rail, is below European levels.[138] Bicycle usage for work commutes is minimal.[139]
The civil airline industry is entirely privately owned and has been largely deregulated since 1978, while most major airports are publicly owned. The three largest airlines in the world by passengers carried are U.S.-based; Delta Air Lines is number one.[140] Of the world's thirty busiest passenger airports, sixteen are in the United States, including the busiest, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.[141]
Energy[link]
See also: Energy policy of the United States
The United States energy market is 29,000 terawatt hours per year. Energy consumption per capita is 7.8 tons of oil equivalent per year, the 10th highest rate in the world. In 2005, 40% of this energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 22% from natural gas. The remainder was supplied by nuclear power and renewable energy sources.[142] The United States is the world's largest consumer of petroleum.[143] For decades, nuclear power has played a limited role relative to many other developed countries, in part due to public perception in the wake of a 1979 accident. In 2007, several applications for new nuclear plants were filed.[144] The United States has 27% of global coal reserves.[145]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in the United States
American public education is operated by state and local governments, regulated by the United States Department of Education through restrictions on federal grants. Children are required in most states to attend school from the age of six or seven (generally, kindergarten or first grade) until they turn eighteen (generally bringing them through twelfth grade, the end of high school); some states allow students to leave school at sixteen or seventeen.[147] About 12% of children are enrolled in parochial or nonsectarian private schools. Just over 2% of children are homeschooled.[148]
The United States has many competitive private and public institutions of higher education. According to prominent international rankings, 13 or 15 American colleges and universities are ranked among the top 20 in the world.[149][150] There are also local community colleges with generally more open admission policies, shorter academic programs, and lower tuition. Of Americans twenty-five and older, 84.6% graduated from high school, 52.6% attended some college, 27.2% earned a bachelor's degree, and 9.6% earned graduate degrees.[151] The basic literacy rate is approximately 99%.[1][152] The United Nations assigns the United States an Education Index of 0.97, tying it for 12th in the world.[153]
Health[link]
See also: Health care in the United States, Health care reform in the United States, and Health insurance in the United States
The United States life expectancy of 78.4 years at birth ranks it 50th among 221 nations.[155] Increasing obesity in the United States and health improvements elsewhere have contributed to lowering the country's rank in life expectancy from 1987, when it was 11th in the world.[156] Approximately one-third of the adult population is obese and an additional third is overweight;[157] the obesity rate, the highest in the industrialized world, has more than doubled in the last quarter-century.[158] Obesity-related type 2 diabetes is considered epidemic by health care professionals.[159] The infant mortality rate of 6.06 per thousand places the United States 176th out of 222 countries, higher than all of Western Europe.[160]
The U.S. health care system far outspends any other nation's, measured in both per capita spending and percentage of GDP.[161] The World Health Organization ranked the U.S. health care system in 2000 as first in responsiveness, but 37th in overall performance.
Health care coverage in the United States is a combination of public and private efforts, and is not universal as in all other developed countries. In 2004, private insurance paid for 36% of personal health expenditures, private out-of-pocket payments covered 15%, and federal, state, and local governments paid for 44%.[162] In 2005, 46.6 million Americans, 15.9% of the population, were uninsured, 5.4 million more than in 2001. The main cause of this rise is the drop in the number of Americans with employer-sponsored health insurance.[163] The subject of uninsured and underinsured Americans is a major political issue.[164] A 2009 study estimated that lack of insurance is associated with nearly 45,000 deaths a year.[165] In 2006, Massachusetts became the first state to mandate universal health insurance.[166] Federal legislation passed in early 2010 will create a near-universal health insurance system around the country by 2014.
Crime and law enforcement[link]
Main articles: Law enforcement in the United States and Crime in the United States
See also: Law of the United States, Incarceration in the United States, and Capital punishment in the United States
Law enforcement in the United States is primarily the responsibility of local police and sheriff's departments, with state police providing broader services. Federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the U.S. Marshals Service have specialized duties. At the federal level and in almost every state, jurisprudence operates on a common law system. State courts conduct most criminal trials; federal courts handle certain designated crimes as well as certain appeals from the state systems. Federal law prohibits a variety of drugs, although states sometimes pass laws in conflict with federal regulations. The smoking age is generally 18, and the drinking age is generally 21.
Among developed nations, the United States has above-average levels of violent crime and particularly high levels of gun violence and homicide.[168] There were 5.0 murders per 100,000 persons in 2009, 10.4% fewer than in 2000.[169] Gun ownership rights are the subject of contentious political debate.
The United States has the highest documented incarceration rate[170] and total prison population[171] in the world. At the start of 2008, more than 2.3 million people were incarcerated, more than one in every 100 adults.[172] The current rate is about seven times the 1980 figure,[173] and over three times the figure in Poland, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country with the next highest rate.[174] African American males are jailed at about six times the rate of white males and three times the rate of Hispanic males.[170] The country's high rate of incarceration is largely due to sentencing and drug policies.[170][175]
Though it has been abolished in most Western nations, capital punishment is sanctioned in the United States for certain federal and military crimes, and in thirty-four states. Since 1976, when the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty after a four-year moratorium, there have been more than 1,000 executions.[176] In 2010, the country had the fifth highest number of executions in the world, following China, Iran, North Korea, and Yemen.[177] In 2007, New Jersey became the first state to legislatively abolish the death penalty since the 1976 Supreme Court decision, followed by New Mexico in 2009 and Illinois in 2011.[178]
Demographics[link]
Main articles: Demographics of the United States and Americans
| Race/Ethnicity (2010)[179] | |
|---|---|
| White | 72.4% |
| Black/African American | 12.6% |
| Asian | 4.8% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 0.9% |
| Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander | 0.2% |
| Other | 6.2% |
| Two or more races | 2.9% |
| Hispanic/Latino (of any race) | 16.3% |
The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the country's population now to be 313,802,000,[2] including an estimated 11.2 million illegal immigrants.[180] The U.S. population almost quadrupled during the 20th century, from about 76 million in 1900.[181] The third most populous nation in the world, after China and India, the United States is the only major industrialized nation in which large population increases are projected.[182] Even with a birth rate of 13.82 per 1,000, 30% below the world average, its population growth rate is positive at 1%, significantly higher than those of many developed nations.[183] In fiscal year 2011, over 1 million immigrants (most of whom entered through family reunification) were granted legal residence.[184] Mexico has been the leading source of new residents for over two decades; since 1998, China, India, and the Philippines have been in the top four sending countries every year.[185]
The United States has a very diverse population—thirty-one ancestry groups have more than one million members.[186] White Americans are the largest racial group; German Americans, Irish Americans, and English Americans constitute three of the country's four largest ancestry groups.[186] African Americans are the nation's largest racial minority and third largest ancestry group.[186] Asian Americans are the country's second largest racial minority; the two largest Asian American ethnic groups are Chinese Americans and Filipino Americans.[186] In 2010, the U.S. population included an estimated 5.2 million people with some American Indian or Alaska Native ancestry (2.9 million exclusively of such ancestry) and 1.2 million with some native Hawaiian or Pacific island ancestry (0.5 million exclusively).[187] The census counted more than 19 million people of "Some Other Race" who were "unable to identify with any" of its five official race categories in 2010.[187]
The population growth of Hispanic and Latino Americans (the terms are officially interchangeable) is a major demographic trend. The 50.5 million Americans of Hispanic descent[187] are identified as sharing a distinct "ethnicity" by the Census Bureau; 64% of Hispanic Americans are of Mexican descent.[188] Between 2000 and 2010, the country's Hispanic population increased 43% while the non-Hispanic population rose just 4.9%.[179] Much of this growth is from immigration; as of 2007, 12.6% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, with 54% of that figure born in Latin America.[189] Fertility is also a factor; as of 2010 the average Hispanic woman gave birth to 2.4 children in her lifetime, compared to 2.0 for non-Hispanic black women and 1.8 for non-Hispanic white women (below the replacement rate of 2.1).[190] Minorities (as defined by the Census Bureau as all those beside non-Hispanic, non-multiracial whites) constituted 36.3% of the population in 2010,[191] and nearly 50% of children under age 1,[192] and are projected to constitute the majority by 2042.[193]
About 82% of Americans live in urban areas (including suburbs);[1] about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50,000.[194] In 2008, 273 incorporated places had populations over 100,000, nine cities had more than 1 million residents, and four global cities had over 2 million (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston).[195] There are fifty-two metropolitan areas with populations greater than 1 million.[196] Of the fifty fastest-growing metro areas, forty-seven are in the West or South.[197] The metro areas of Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, and Phoenix all grew by more than a million people between 2000 and 2008.[196]
| Leading population centers | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Core city | Metro area pop.[198] | Metropolitan Statistical Area | Region[199] |  New York City  Los Angeles |
||
| 1 | New York City | 19,015,900 | New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA MSA | Northeast | |||
| 2 | Los Angeles | 12,944,801 | Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA MSA | West | |||
| 3 | Chicago | 9,504,753 | Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI MSA | Midwest | |||
| 4 | Dallas | 6,526,548 | Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA | South | |||
| 5 | Houston | 6,086,538 | Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, TX MSA | South | |||
| 6 | Philadelphia | 5,992,414 | Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD MSA | Northeast | |||
| 7 | Washington, D.C. | 5,703,948 | Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA | South | |||
| 8 | Miami | 5,670,125 | Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA | South | |||
| 9 | Atlanta | 5,359,205 | Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA | South | |||
| 10 | Boston | 4,591,112 | Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH MSA | Northeast | |||
| based on the 2011 U.S. Population Estimate | |||||||
Language[link]
Main article: Languages of the United States
| Languages (2010)[200] | |
|---|---|
| English (only) | 229.7 million |
| Spanish, incl. Creole | 37.0 million |
| Chinese | 2.8 million |
| French, incl. Creole | 2.1 million |
| Tagalog | 1.6 million |
| Vietnamese | 1.4 million |
| Korean | 1.1 million |
| German | 1.1 million |
English is the de facto national language. Although there is no official language at the federal level, some laws—such as U.S. naturalization requirements—standardize English. In 2010, about 230 million, or 80% of the population aged five years and older, spoke only English at home. Spanish, spoken by 12% of the population at home, is the second most common language and the most widely taught second language.[200][201] Some Americans advocate making English the country's official language, as it is in at least twenty-eight states.[5] Both Hawaiian and English are official languages in Hawaii by state law.[202]
While neither has an official language, New Mexico has laws providing for the use of both English and Spanish, as Louisiana does for English and French.[203] Other states, such as California, mandate the publication of Spanish versions of certain government documents including court forms.[204] Many jurisdictions with large numbers of non-English speakers produce government materials, especially voting information, in the most commonly spoken languages in those jurisdictions. Several insular territories grant official recognition to their native languages, along with English: Samoan and Chamorro are recognized by American Samoa and Guam, respectively; Carolinian and Chamorro are recognized by the Northern Mariana Islands; Spanish is an official language of Puerto Rico.
Religion[link]
Main article: Religion in the United States
See also: History of religion in the United States, Freedom of religion in the United States, Separation of church and state in the United States, and List of religious movements that began in the United States
The United States is officially a secular nation; the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and forbids the establishment of any religious governance. In a 2002 study, 59% of Americans said that religion played a "very important role in their lives", a far higher figure than that of any other wealthy nation.[205] According to a 2007 survey, 78.4% of adults identified themselves as Christian,[206] down from 86.4% in 1990.[207] Protestant denominations accounted for 51.3%, while Roman Catholicism, at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. The study categorizes white evangelicals, 26.3% of the population, as the country's largest religious cohort;[206] another study estimates evangelicals of all races at 30–35%.[208] The total reporting non-Christian religions in 2007 was 4.7%, up from 3.3% in 1990.[207] The leading non-Christian faiths were Judaism (1.7%), Buddhism (0.7%), Islam (0.6%), Hinduism (0.4%), and Unitarian Universalism (0.3%).[206] The survey also reported that 16.1% of Americans described themselves as agnostic, atheist, or simply having no religion, up from 8.2% in 1990.[206][207]
Family structure[link]
In 2007, 58% of Americans age 18 and over were married, 6% were widowed, 10% were divorced, and 25% had never been married.[209] Women now mostly work outside the home and receive a majority of bachelor's degrees.[210]
Same-sex marriage is a contentious issue. Some states permit civil unions or domestic partnerships in lieu of marriage. Since 2003, several states have legalized gay marriage as the result of judicial or legislative action. Meanwhile, the federal government and a majority of states define marriage as between a man and a woman and/or explicitly prohibit same-sex marriage. Public opinion on the issue has shifted from general opposition in the 1990s to a statistical deadlock, to a majority in support.[211]
The U.S. teenage pregnancy rate, 79.8 per 1,000 women, is the highest among OECD nations.[212] Abortion policy was left to the states until the Supreme Court legalized the practice in 1973. The issue remains highly controversial, with public opinion closely divided for many years. Many states ban public funding of the procedure and restrict late-term abortions, require parental notification for minors, and mandate a waiting period. While the abortion rate is falling, the abortion ratio of 241 per 1,000 live births and abortion rate of 15 per 1,000 women aged 15–44 remain higher than those of most Western nations.[213]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of the United States
See also: Social class in the United States
The United States is a multicultural nation, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions, and values.[6][215] Aside from the now small Native American and Native Hawaiian populations, nearly all Americans or their ancestors immigrated within the past five centuries.[216] Mainstream American culture is a Western culture largely derived from the traditions of European immigrants with influences from many other sources, such as traditions brought by slaves from Africa.[6][217] More recent immigration from Asia and especially Latin America has added to a cultural mix that has been described as both a homogenizing melting pot, and a heterogeneous salad bowl in which immigrants and their descendants retain distinctive cultural characteristics.[6]
American culture is considered the most individualistic in the world.[218] The American Dream, or the incorrect perception that Americans enjoy high social mobility, plays a key role in attracting immigrants.[219] While the mainstream culture holds that the United States is a classless society,[220] scholars identify significant differences between the country's social classes, affecting socialization, language, and values.[221] The American middle and professional class has initiated many contemporary social trends such as modern feminism, environmentalism, and multiculturalism.[222] Americans' self-images, social viewpoints, and cultural expectations are associated with their occupations to an unusually close degree.[223] While Americans tend greatly to value socioeconomic achievement, being ordinary or average is generally seen as a positive attribute.[224]
Popular media[link]
Main articles: Cinema of the United States, Television in the United States, and Music of the United States
The world's first commercial motion picture exhibition was given in New York City in 1894, using Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope. The next year saw the first commercial screening of a projected film, also in New York, and the United States was in the forefront of sound film's development in the following decades. Since the early 20th century, the U.S. film industry has largely been based in and around Hollywood, California. Director D. W. Griffith was central to the development of film grammar and Orson Welles's Citizen Kane (1941) is frequently cited as the greatest film of all time.[225] American screen actors like John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe have become iconic figures, while producer/entrepreneur Walt Disney was a leader in both animated film and movie merchandising. The major film studios of Hollywood have produced the most commercially successful movies in history, such as Star Wars (1977) and Titanic (1997), and the products of Hollywood today dominate the global film industry.[226]
Americans are the heaviest television viewers in the world,[227] and the average viewing time continues to rise, reaching five hours a day in 2006.[228] The four major broadcast networks are all commercial entities. Americans listen to radio programming, also largely commercialized, on average just over two-and-a-half hours a day.[229] Aside from web portals and search engines, the most popular websites are Facebook, YouTube, Wikipedia, Blogger, eBay, and Craigslist.[230]
The rhythmic and lyrical styles of African-American music have deeply influenced American music at large, distinguishing it from European traditions. Elements from folk idioms such as the blues and what is now known as old-time music were adopted and transformed into popular genres with global audiences. Jazz was developed by innovators such as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington early in the 20th century. Country music developed in the 1920s, and rhythm and blues in the 1940s. Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry were among the mid-1950s pioneers of rock and roll. In the 1960s, Bob Dylan emerged from the folk revival to become one of America's most celebrated songwriters and James Brown led the development of funk. More recent American creations include hip hop and house music. American pop stars such as Presley, Michael Jackson, and Madonna have become global celebrities.[231]
Literature, philosophy, and the arts[link]
In the 18th and early 19th centuries, American art and literature took most of its cues from Europe. Writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Henry David Thoreau established a distinctive American literary voice by the middle of the 19th century. Mark Twain and poet Walt Whitman were major figures in the century's second half; Emily Dickinson, virtually unknown during her lifetime, is now recognized as an essential American poet.[232] A work seen as capturing fundamental aspects of the national experience and character—such as Herman Melville's Moby-Dick (1851), Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), and F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby (1925)—may be dubbed the "Great American Novel".[233]
Eleven U.S. citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, most recently Toni Morrison in 1993. William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway are often named among the most influential writers of the 20th century.[234] Popular literary genres such as the Western and hardboiled crime fiction developed in the United States. The Beat Generation writers opened up new literary approaches, as have postmodernist authors such as John Barth, Thomas Pynchon, and Don DeLillo.
The transcendentalists, led by Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, established the first major American philosophical movement. After the Civil War, Charles Sanders Peirce and then William James and John Dewey were leaders in the development of pragmatism. In the 20th century, the work of W. V. O. Quine and Richard Rorty, and later Noam Chomsky, brought analytic philosophy to the fore of American philosophical academia. John Rawls and Robert Nozick led a revival of political philosophy.
In the visual arts, the Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century movement in the tradition of European naturalism. The realist paintings of Thomas Eakins are now widely celebrated. The 1913 Armory Show in New York City, an exhibition of European modernist art, shocked the public and transformed the U.S. art scene.[235] Georgia O'Keeffe, Marsden Hartley, and others experimented with new, individualistic styles. Major artistic movements such as the abstract expressionism of Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning and the pop art of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein developed largely in the United States. The tide of modernism and then postmodernism has brought fame to American architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Philip Johnson, and Frank Gehry.
One of the first major promoters of American theater was impresario P. T. Barnum, who began operating a lower Manhattan entertainment complex in 1841. The team of Harrigan and Hart produced a series of popular musical comedies in New York starting in the late 1870s. In the 20th century, the modern musical form emerged on Broadway; the songs of musical theater composers such as Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Stephen Sondheim have become pop standards. Playwright Eugene O'Neill won the Nobel literature prize in 1936; other acclaimed U.S. dramatists include multiple Pulitzer Prize winners Tennessee Williams, Edward Albee, and August Wilson.
Though little known at the time, Charles Ives's work of the 1910s established him as the first major U.S. composer in the classical tradition, while experimentalists such as Henry Cowell and John Cage created a distinctive American approach to classical composition. Aaron Copland and George Gershwin developed a new synthesis of popular and classical music. Choreographers Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham helped create modern dance, while George Balanchine and Jerome Robbins were leaders in 20th-century ballet. Americans have long been important in the modern artistic medium of photography, with major photographers including Alfred Stieglitz, Edward Steichen, and Ansel Adams. The newspaper comic strip and the comic book are both U.S. innovations. Superman, the quintessential comic book superhero, has become an American icon.[236]
Food[link]
Main article: American cuisine
Mainstream American cuisine is similar to that in other Western countries. Wheat is the primary cereal grain. Traditional American cuisine uses indigenous ingredients, such as turkey, venison, potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, squash, and maple syrup, which were consumed by Native Americans and early European settlers. Slow-cooked pork and beef barbecue, crab cakes, potato chips, and chocolate chip cookies are distinctively American foods. Soul food, developed by African slaves, is popular around the South and among many African Americans elsewhere. Syncretic cuisines such as Louisiana creole, Cajun, and Tex-Mex are regionally important.
Characteristic dishes such as apple pie, fried chicken, pizza, hamburgers, and hot dogs derive from the recipes of various immigrants. French fries, Mexican dishes such as burritos and tacos, and pasta dishes freely adapted from Italian sources are widely consumed.[237] Americans generally prefer coffee to tea. Marketing by U.S. industries is largely responsible for making orange juice and milk ubiquitous breakfast beverages.[238]
The American fast food industry, the world's largest, pioneered the drive-through format in the 1930s. Fast food consumption has sparked health concerns. During the 1980s and 1990s, Americans' caloric intake rose 24%;[237] frequent dining at fast food outlets is associated with what public health officials call the American "obesity epidemic".[239] Highly sweetened soft drinks are widely popular, and sugared beverages account for 9% of American caloric intake.[240]
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in the United States
Baseball has been regarded as the national sport since the late 19th century, while American football is now by several measures the most popular spectator sport.[241] Basketball and ice hockey are the country's next two leading professional team sports. College football and basketball attract large audiences. Boxing and horse racing were once the most watched individual sports,[242] but they have been eclipsed by golf and auto racing, particularly NASCAR. Soccer is played widely at the youth and amateur levels. Tennis and many outdoor sports are popular as well.
While most major U.S. sports have evolved out of European practices, volleyball, skateboarding, snowboarding, and cheerleading are American inventions. Basketball was invented in Massachusetts by Canadian-born James Naismith. Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact. Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States. The United States has won 2,301 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country,[243] and 253 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most.[244]
Measurement systems[link]
Main article: United States customary units
The nation retains United States customary units, comprising mainly former British imperial units such as miles, yards, and degrees Fahrenheit. Distinct units include the U.S. gallon and U.S. pint volume measurements. The United States is one of only three countries that do not rely primarily on the International System of Units. However, metric units are increasingly used in science, medicine, and many industrial fields.[245]
See also[link]
 |
See more Wikipedia articles related to United States. |
- Index of United States-related articles
- Lists of U.S. states
- Outline of the United States
- Wikipedia books: United States
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e "United States". The World Factbook. CIA. September 30, 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/us.html. Retrieved January 5, 2010 (area given in square kilometers).
- ^ a b "U.S. POPClock Projection". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/www/popclockus.html. Figure updated automatically.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "United States". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=56&pr.y=10&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=111&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=. Retrieved April 22, 2012.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2011". United Nations. 2011. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Table1.pdf. Retrieved November 5, 2011.
- ^ a b Feder, Jody (January 25, 2007). "English as the Official Language of the United States: Legal Background and Analysis of Legislation in the 110th Congress". Ilw.com (Congressional Research Service). http://www.ilw.com/immigrationdaily/news/2007,0515-crs.pdf. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
- ^ a b c d Adams, J. Q., and Pearlie Strother-Adams (2001). Dealing with Diversity. Chicago: Kendall/Hunt. ISBN 0-7872-8145-X.
- ^ The European Union has a larger collective economy, but is not a single nation.
- ^ Dull, Jonathan R. (2003). "Diplomacy of the Revolution, to 1783", p. 352, chap. in A Companion to the American Revolution, ed. Jack P. Greene and J. R. Pole. Maiden, Mass.: Blackwell, pp. 352–361. ISBN 1-4051-1674-9.
- ^ Maddison, Angus (2006). "Historical Statistics for the World Economy". The Groningen Growth and Development Centre, Economics Department of the University of Groningen. http://www.ggdc.net/maddison/Historical_Statistics/horizontal-file_09-2008.xls. Retrieved November 6, 2008.
- ^ "US, Allies' Share of World Military Spending Shrinking—Study". Reuters. July 7, 2011. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/07/military-spending-usa-idUSN1E7661J620110707. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
- ^ Cohen, Eliot A. (July/August 2004). "History and the Hyperpower". Foreign Affairs. http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/59919/eliot-a-cohen/history-and-the-hyperpower. Retrieved July 14, 2006. "Country Profile: United States of America". BBC News. April 22, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1217752.stm. Retrieved May 18, 2008.
- ^ "Cartographer Put 'America' on the Map 500 years Ago". USA Today (Washington, D.C.). April 24, 2007. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-04-24-america-turns-500_N.htm?csp=34. Retrieved November 30, 2008.
- ^ "The Charters of Freedom". National Archives. http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters.html. Retrieved June 20, 2007.
- ^ McClure, James (June 12, 2008). "A Primer: The 'First Capital' Debate". York Daily Record. http://www.ydr.com/ci_9569289. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
- ^ Wilson, Kenneth G. (1993). The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 27–28. ISBN 0-231-06989-8.
- ^ Zimmer, Benjamin (November 24, 2005). "Life in These, Uh, This United States". University of Pennsylvania—Language Log. http://itre.cis.upenn.edu/~myl/languagelog/archives/002663.html. Retrieved February 22, 2008.
- ^ Lubowski, Ruben; Vesterby, Marlow; Bucholtz, Shawn (July 21, 2006). "AREI Chapter 1.1: Land Use". Economic Research Service. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/arei/eib16/chapter1/1.1/. Retrieved March 9, 2009.
- ^ "United States". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/616563/United-States. Retrieved March 25, 2008 (area given in square miles).
- ^ "Population by Sex, Rate of Population Increase, Surface Area and Density". Demographic Yearbook 2005. UN Statistics Division. http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2005/Table03.pdf. Retrieved March 25, 2008 (area given in square kilometers).
- ^ "World Factbook: Area Country Comparison Table". Yahoo Education. http://web.archive.org/web/20080208233209rn_1/education.yahoo.com/reference/factbook/countrycompare/area/3d.html. Retrieved February 28, 2007.
- ^ O'Hanlon, Larry. "Supervolcano: What's Under Yellowstone?". Discovery Channel. http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/under/under.html. Retrieved June 13, 2007.
- ^ Perkins, Sid (May 11, 2002). "Tornado Alley, USA". Science News. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070701131631/http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20020511/bob9.asp. Retrieved September 20, 2006.
- ^ Morin, Nancy. "Vascular Plants of the United States". Plants. National Biological Service. http://www.fungaljungal.org/papers/National_Biological_Service.pdf. Retrieved October 27, 2008.
- ^ "Global Significance of Selected U.S. Native Plant and Animal Species". SDI Group. February 9, 2001. http://www.sdi.gov/curtis/TxTab4x1.html. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ^ "Numbers of Insects (Species and Individuals)". Smithsonian Institution. http://www.si.edu/Encyclopedia_SI/nmnh/buginfo/bugnos.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ^ "National Park Service Announces Addition of Two New Units" (Press release). National Park Service. February 28, 2006. http://home.nps.gov/applications/release/Detail.cfm?ID=639. Retrieved June 13, 2006.
- ^ a b "Federal Land and Buildings Ownership". Republican Study Committee. May 19, 2005. http://johnshadegg.house.gov/rsc/Federal%20Land%20Ownership--May%202005.pdf. Retrieved March 9, 2009.
- ^ Borreca, Richard (October 18, 1999). "'The Goal Was Democracy for All". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. http://archives.starbulletin.com/1999/10/18/special/story4.html. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
- ^ See 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(36) and 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(38) U.S. Federal Code, Immigration and Nationality Act. 8 U.S.C. § 1101a
- ^ "Presidential Elections in the United States: A Primer (Page 7)". United States Congressional Research Service. April 17, 2000. http://www.senate.gov/reference/resources/pdf/RL30527.pdf. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
- ^ Raskin, James B. (2003). Overruling Democracy: The Supreme Court Vs. the American People. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 36–38. ISBN 0-415-93439-7.
- ^ "Peopling of Americas". Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History. June 2004. Archived from the original on November 28, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071128083459/http://anthropology.si.edu/HumanOrigins/faq/americas.htm. Retrieved June 19, 2007.
- ^ Meltzer, D.J. (1992). "How Columbus Sickened the New World: Why Were Native Americans So Vulnerable to the Diseases European Settlers Brought With Them?". New Scientist: 38. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg13618424.700-how-columbus-sickened-the-new-world-why-were-nativeamericans-so-vulnerable-to-the-diseases-european-settlers-brought-with-them.html.
- ^ Butler, James Davie (October 1896). "British Convicts Shipped to American Colonies". American Historical Review 2. Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History.
- ^ Russell, David Lee (2005). The American Revolution in the Southern Colonies. Jefferson, N.C., and London: McFarland, p. 12. ISBN 0-7864-0783-2.
- ^ Blackburn, Robin (1998). The Making of New World Slavery: From the Baroque to the Modern, 1492–1800. London and New York: Verso, p. 460. ISBN 1-85984-195-3.
- ^ "Louisiana Purchase". National Parks Services. http://www.nps.gov/archive/jeff/lewisclark2/circa1804/heritage/louisianapurchase/louisianapurchase.htm. Retrieved March 1, 2011.
- ^ Morrison, Michael A. (1999). Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, pp. 13–21. ISBN 0-8078-4796-8.
- ^ "1860 Census". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1860a-02.pdf. Retrieved June 10, 2007. Page 7 lists a total slave population of 3,953,760.
- ^ De Rosa, Marshall L. (1997). The Politics of Dissolution: The Quest for a National Identity and the American Civil War. Edison, NJ: Transaction. p. 266. ISBN 1-56000-349-9.
- ^ Vinovskis, Maris (1990). "Toward a social history of the American Civil War: exploratory essays". Cambridge University Press. p. 6. ISBN 0-521-39559-3.
- ^ Gates, John M. (August 1984). "War-Related Deaths in the Philippines". Pacific Historical Review. College of Wooster. http://www3.wooster.edu/History/jgates/book-ch3.html. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
- ^ Foner, Eric; Garraty, John A. (1991). The Reader's Companion to American History. New York: Houghton Mifflin. p. 576. ISBN 0-395-51372-3.
- ^ McDuffie, Jerome; Piggrem, Gary Wayne; Woodworth, Steven E. (2005). U.S. History Super Review. Piscataway, NJ: Research & Education Association. p. 418. ISBN 0-7386-0070-9.
- ^ Axinn, June; Stern, Mark J. (2007). Social Welfare: A History of the American Response to Need (7th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. ISBN 978-0-205-52215-6.
- ^ Burton, Jeffrey F., et al. (July 2000). "A Brief History of Japanese American Relocation During World War II". Confinement and Ethnicity: An Overview of World War II Japanese American Relocation Sites. National Park Service. http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/anthropology74/ce3.htm. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
- ^ Kennedy, Paul (1989). The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. New York: Vintage. p. 358. ISBN 0-679-72019-7.
- ^ "The United States and the Founding of the United Nations, August 1941 – October 1945". U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Historian. October 2005. Archived from the original on June 12, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070612221444/http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/pubs/fs/55407.htm. Retrieved June 11, 2007.
- ^ Pacific War Research Society (2006). Japan's Longest Day. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 4-7700-2887-3.
- ^ Dallek, Robert (2004). Lyndon B. Johnson: Portrait of a President. Oxford University Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-19-515920-2.
- ^ "Our Documents – Civil Rights Act (1964)". United States Department of Justice. http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=old&doc=97. Retrieved July 28, 2010.
- ^ Social Security History, the United States Social Security Administration
- ^ Voyce, Bill (2006-08-21). "Why the Expansion of the 1990s Lasted So Long". Iowa Workforce Information Network. http://iwin.iwd.state.ia.us/iowa/ArticleReader?itemid=00003700&print=1. Retrieved 2007-08-16.
- ^ "Many Europeans Oppose War in Iraq". USA Today. 2003-02-14. http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2003-02-14-eu-survey.htm. Retrieved 2008-09-01.
- ^ Scheb, John M., and John M. Scheb II (2002). An Introduction to the American Legal System. Florence, KY: Delmar, p. 6. ISBN 0-7668-2759-3.
- ^ Killian, Johnny H.. "Constitution of the United States". The Office of the Secretary of the Senate. The Office of the Secretary of the Senate. http://www.senate.gov/civics/constitution_item/constitution.htm. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
- ^ Eric Etheridge with Asger Deleith (August 19, 2009). "A Republic or a Democracy?". The New York Times. http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/19/a-republic-or-a-democracy/. Retrieved 2010-11-07. "The US system seems essentially a two-party system. ..."
- ^ "What is the G8?". utoronto.ca. University of Toronto. http://www.g8.utoronto.ca/what_is_g8.html. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
- ^ Chapman, James (2011-05-26). "Brotherhood of the Burger Kings: Obama and Cameron Hail 'Stronger than Ever' Special Relationship". London: Mail Online. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1390800/Obama-reaffirms-special-relationship-US-historic-speech-MPs.html. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
- ^ Ek, Carl, and Ian F. Fergusson (2010-09-03). "Canada–U.S. Relations". Congressional Research Service. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/96-397.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
- ^ Vaughn, Bruce (2008-08-08). "Australia: Background and U.S. Relations". Congressional Research Service. http://www.worldcat.org/title/australia-background-and-us-relations/oclc/70208969?title=&detail=&page=frame&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fas.org%2Fsgp%2Fcrs%2Frow%2FRL33010.pdf%26checksum%3Df2a13dd063242d8cf4b00dfda18441af&linktype=digitalObject. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
- ^ Vaughn, Bruce (2011-05-27). "New Zealand: Background and Bilateral Relations with the United States". Congressional Research Service. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL32876.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
- ^ Lum, Thomas (2011-01-03). "The Republic of the Philippines and U.S. Interests". Congressional Research Service. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33233.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-03.
- ^ Chanlett-Avery, Emma, et al. (2011-06-08). "Japan-U.S. Relations: Issues for Congress". Congressional Research Service. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33436.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
- ^ Manyin, Mark E., Emma Chanlett-Avery, and Mary Beth Nikitin (2011-07-08). "U.S.–South Korea Relations: Issues for Congress". Congressional Research Service. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41481.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
- ^ Addis, Casey L. (2011-02-14). "Israel: Background and U.S. Relations". Congressional Research Service. http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/RL33476.pdf. Retrieved 2011-08-28.
- ^ Shah, Anup (2009-04-13). "US and Foreign Aid Assistance". GlobalIssues.org. http://www.globalissues.org/article/35/us-and-foreign-aid-assistance. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ "The Air Force in Facts and Figures (Armed Forces Manpower Trends, End Strength in Thousands)". Air Force Magazine. May 2009. http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Magazine%20Documents/2009/May%202009/0509facts_fig.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
- ^ "WHAT DOES SELECTIVE SERVICE PROVIDE FOR AMERICA?". www.sss.gov. Selective Service System. http://www.sss.gov/what.htm. Retrieved February 11, 2012.
- ^ "Base Structure Report, Fiscal Year 2008 Baseline". Department of Defense. http://www.defense.gov/pubs/BSR_2008_Baseline.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-09.
- ^ "Active Duty Military Personnel Strengths by Regional Area and by Country (309A)". Department of Defense. 2010-03-31. http://siadapp.dmdc.osd.mil/personnel/MILITARY/history/hst1003.pdf. Retrieved 2010-10-07.
- ^ Ikenberry, G. John (March/April 2004). "Illusions of Empire: Defining the New American Order". Foreign Affairs. http://people.cas.sc.edu/rosati/ttp.ikenberry.empirereviews.fa.march04.htm. Kreisler, Harry, and Chalmers Johnson (2004-01-29). "Conversations with History". University of California at Berkeley. http://globetrotter.berkeley.edu/people4/CJohnson/cjohnson-con3.html. Retrieved 2007-06-21.
- ^ "The 15 Countries with the Highest Military Expenditure in 2010". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex/resultoutput/15majorspenders. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
- ^ "Fiscal Year 2012 Budget Request Overview". Department of Defense. February 2011. http://comptroller.defense.gov/defbudget/fy2012/FY2012_Budget_Request_Overview_Book.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-25.
- ^ Basu, Moni (2011-12-18). "Deadly Iraq War Ends with Exit of Last U.S. Troops". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/17/world/meast/iraq-troops-leave/index.html?hpt=hp_t1. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
- ^ "Operation Iraqi Freedom". Iraq Coalition Casualty Count. 2012-02-05. http://icasualties.org/Iraq/index.aspx. Retrieved 2012-02-05.
- ^ Cherian, John (2012-04-20). "Turning Point". Frontline. http://www.frontline.in/stories/20120420290705200.htm. Retrieved 2012-04-04. [dead link]
- ^ "Operation Enduring Freedom". Iraq Coalition Casualty Count. 2012-04-04. http://icasualties.org/OEF/index.aspx. Retrieved 2012-04-04.
- ^ "Employment Situation Summary". U.S. Dept. of Labor. 2012-06-01. http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.nr0.htm. Retrieved 2012-06-01.
- ^ [http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/gdp/gdpnewsrelease.htm "National Income and Product Accounts Gross Domestic Product, 1st Quarter 2012 (Advance Estimate)"]. Bureau of Economic Analysis. 2012-04-27. http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/gdp/gdpnewsrelease.htm. Retrieved 2012-05-08. Change is based on chained 2005 dollars. Quarterly growth is expressed as an annualized rate.
- ^ "Consumer Price Index: April 2012". Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2012-05-15. http://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm. Retrieved 2012-06-01.
- ^ a b c "Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2010". U.S. Census Bureau. 2010-09-14. http://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/p60-239.pdf. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- ^ "Debt Statistics". U.S. Dept. of the Treasury. http://www.treasurydirect.gov/NP/BPDLogin?application=np. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
- ^ "Flow of Funds Accounts of the United States: Flows and Outstandings Fourth Quarter 2011". U.S. Federal Reserve. 2012-03-08. http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/Z1/Current/z1r-1.pdf. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
- ^ Wright, Gavin, and Jesse Czelusta, "Resource-Based Growth Past and Present", in Natural Resources: Neither Curse Nor Destiny, ed. Daniel Lederman and William Maloney (World Bank, 2007), p. 185. ISBN 0-8213-6545-2.
- ^ "Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves" (PDF). http://www.imf.org/external/np/sta/cofer/eng/cofer.pdf. Retrieved 2012-04-09.
- ^ a b "Trade Statistics". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/trade-statistics. Retrieved 2011-10-06.
- ^ "Top Ten Countries with which the U.S. Trades". U.S. Census Bureau. August 2009. http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/top/dst/current/balance.html. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
- ^ "National debt: Whom does the US owe?". CSMonitor.com. 2011-02-04. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/DC-Decoder/2011/0204/National-debt-Whom-does-the-US-owe. Retrieved 2011-07-14.
- ^ "New Release/Ultra Petroleum Corp.,". NYSE Euronext. 2007-07-03. http://ir.nyse.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=129145&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1036503&highlight=. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ "GDP by Industry". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/gdp-by-industry/. Retrieved 2011-10-13.
- ^ a b "USA Economy in Brief". U.S. Dept. of State, International Information Programs. Archived from the original on 2008-03-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20080312123609/http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/economy-in-brief/page3.html. Retrieved 2008-03-12.
- ^ "Table 724—Number of Tax Returns, Receipts, and Net Income by Type of Business and Industry: 2005". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2009/tables/09s0724.xls. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
- ^ "Table 964—Gross Domestic Product in Current and Real (2000) Dollars by Industry: 2006". U.S. Census Bureau. May 2008. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2009/tables/09s0964.xls. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
- ^ "Rank Order—Oil (Production)". The World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2173rank.html. Retrieved 2009-10-12. "Rank Order—Oil (Consumption)". The World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2174rank.html. Retrieved 2009-10-12. "Crude Oil and Total Petroleum Imports Top 15 Countries". U.S. Energy Information Administration. 2009-09-29. http://www.eia.doe.gov/pub/oil_gas/petroleum/data_publications/company_level_imports/current/import.html. Retrieved 2009-10-12.
- ^ "Corn". U.S. Grains Council. Archived from the original on 2008-01-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20080112182404/http://www.grains.org/page.ww?section=Barley,+Corn+%26+Sorghum&name=Corn. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
- ^ "Soybean Demand Continues to Drive Production". Worldwatch Institute. 2007-11-06. http://www.worldwatch.org/node/5442. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
- ^ "Sony, LG, Wal-Mart among Most Extendible Brands". Cheskin. 2005-06-06. http://www.cheskin.com/view_news.php?id=2. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ Fuller, Thomas (2005-06-15). "In the East, Many EU Work Rules Don't Apply". International Herald Tribune. http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/06/14/news/europe.php. Retrieved 2007-06-28.
- ^ "Doing Business in the United States (2006)". World Bank. http://www.doingbusiness.org/ExploreEconomies/?economyid=197. Retrieved 2007-06-28.
- ^ "Total Economy Database, Summary Statistics, 1995–2010". The Conference Board Total Economy Database. The Conference Board. September 2010. http://www.conference-board.org/data/economydatabase/. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ Gumbel, Peter (2004-07-11). "Escape from Tax Hell". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,662737-2,00.html. Retrieved 2007-06-28.
- ^ DeNavas-Walt, Carmen, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica Smith (August 2008). "Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2007" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/p60-235.pdf. Retrieved 2008-11-13.
- ^ Hacker, Jacob S. (2006). The Great Risk Shift: The New Economic Insecurity and the Decline of the American Dream. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-533534-1.
- ^ a b c Smeeding, T. M. (2005). "Public Policy: Economic Inequality and Poverty: The United States in Comparative Perspective". Social Science Quarterly 86: 955–983. DOI:10.1111/j.0038-4941.2005.00331.x.
- ^ Kenworthy, L. (1999). "Do Social-Welfare Policies Reduce Poverty? A Cross-National Assessment" Social Forces 77(3), 1119–1139. Bradley, D., E. Huber, S. Moller, F. Nielsen, and J. D. Stephens (2003). "Determinants of Relative Poverty in Advanced Capitalist Democracies". American Sociological Review 68 (1): 22–51.
- ^ Fishback, Price V. (May 2010). "Social Welfare Expenditures in the United States and the Nordic Countries: 1900–2003". NBER Working Paper series 15982. http://papers.nber.org/papers/w15982.
- ^ Orr, D. (November–December, 2004). "Social Security Isn't Broken: So Why the Rush to 'Fix' It?" In C. Sturr and R. Vasudevan, eds. (2007). Current Economic Issues. Boston: Economic Affairs Bureau.
- ^ Starr, Paul (2008-02-25). "A New Deal of Their Own". American Prospect. http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=a_new_deal_of_their_own. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
- ^ UNICEF (2007). "Child Poverty in Perspective: An Overview of Child Well-Being in Rich Countries". BBC. http://news.bbc.co.uk/nol/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/13_02_07_nn_unicef.pdf. Retrieved 2007-09-10.
- ^ a b c Hartman, Chris (2008). "By the Numbers: Income". Demos. Archived from the original on 2011-07-25. http://web.archive.org/web/20110725230318/http://www.demos.org/inequality/numbers.cfm. Retrieved 2008-07-24.
- ^ Bartels, L. M. (2008). Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, p. 20.
- ^ Henderson, David R. (1998). "The Rich—and Poor—Are Getting Richer". Hoover Digest. http://www.hoover.org/publications/digest/3522596.html. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ Yellen, J. (2006). "Speech to the Center for the Study of Democracy 2006–2007 Economics of Governance Lecture University of California, Irvine". San Francisco: Federal Reserve Board. http://www.frbsf.org/news/speeches/2006/1106.html. Retrieved 2008-07-24. Shapiro, Isaac (2005-10-17). "New IRS Data Show Income Inequality Is Again on the Rise". Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=746. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
- ^ Johnston, David Cay (2007-03-29). "Income Gap Is Widening, Data Shows". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/29/business/29tax.html?ex=1332820800&en=fb472e72466c34c8&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
- ^ Saez, E. (October 2007). "Table A1: Top Fractiles Income Shares (Excluding Capital Gains) in the U.S., 1913–2005". UC Berkeley. http://elsa.berkeley.edu/~saez/TabFig2005prel.xls. Retrieved 2008-07-24. "Field Listing—Distribution of Family Income—Gini Index". The World Factbook. CIA. 2007-06-14. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
- ^ Hodge, Scott (March 21, 2011). "No Country Leans on Upper-Income Households as Much as U.S". The Tax Foundation. http://www.taxfoundation.org/blog/show/27134.html. Retrieved March 15, 2012.
- ^ "Shares of Federal Tax Liabilities, 2004 and 2005". Congressional Budget Office. http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/88xx/doc8885/EffectiveTaxRates.shtml. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
- ^ Domhoff, G. William (December 2006). "Table 4: Percentage of Wealth Held by the Top 10% of the Adult Population in Various Western Countries". Power in America. University of California at Santa Cruz, Sociology Dept.. http://sociology.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html. Retrieved 2006-08-21.
- ^ Kennickell, Arthur B. (2006-08-02). "Table11a: Amounts (Billions of 2004 Dollars) and Shares of Net Worth and Components Distributed by Net Worth Groups, 2004". Currents and Undercurrents: Changes in the Distribution of Wealth, 1989–2004. Federal Reserve Board. http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/oss/oss2/papers/concentration.2004.5.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-24.
- ^ "2011 Human Development Report". United Nations Development Programme. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2011_EN_Complete.pdf. Retrieved 2012-06-01.
- ^ Benedetti, François (2003-12-17). "100 Years Ago, the Dream of Icarus Became Reality". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Archived from the original on 2007-09-12. http://web.archive.org/web/20070912065254/http://www.fai.org/news_archives/fai/000295.asp. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
- ^ "Research and Development (R&D) Expenditures by Source and Objective: 1970 to 2004". U.S. Census Bureau. https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2008/tables/08s0775.xls. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ MacLeod, Donald (2006-03-21). "Britain Second in World Research Rankings". Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/education/2006/mar/21/highereducation.uk4. Retrieved 2006-05-14.
- ^ "Exploring the Digital Nation—Computer and Internet Use at Home". U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration. 2011-11-08. http://www.esa.doc.gov/Reports/exploring-digital-nation-computer-and-internet-use-home. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ^ "ISAAA Brief 39-2008: Executive Summary—Global Status of Commercialized Biotech/GM Crops: 2008". International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-Biotech Applications. p. 15. http://www.isaaa.org/resources/publications/briefs/39/download/isaaa-brief-39-2008.pdf. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- ^ "Interstate FAQ (Question #3)". Federal Highway Administration. 2006. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/interstate/faq.htm#question3. Retrieved 2009-03-04.
- ^ "Number of Highways". WikiSPEEDia, derived from U.S. Census Bureau. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikispeedia. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ "China Expressway System to Exceed US Interstates". Newgeography.com. 2011-01-22. http://www.newgeography.com/content/002003-china-expressway-system-exceed-us-interstates. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- ^ "China overtakes US in car sales". London: Guardian. 2010-01-08. http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/jan/08/china-us-car-sales-overtakes. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ "Motor vehicles statistics – countries compared worldwide". NationMaster. http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/tra_mot_veh-transportation-motor-vehicles. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ "Household, Individual, and Vehicle Characteristics". 2001 National Household Travel Survey. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/html/section_01.html. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
- ^ "Daily Passenger Travel". 2001 National Household Travel Survey. U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics. http://www.bts.gov/publications/highlights_of_the_2001_national_household_travel_survey/html/section_02.html. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
- ^ Renne, John L., and Jan S. Wells (2003). "Emerging European-Style Planning in the United States: Transit-Oriented Development (p. 2)" (PDF). Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. http://www.policy.rutgers.edu/vtc/documents/TOD.Euro-Style_Planning-Renne-Wells.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-11.
- ^ "NatGeo surveys countries' transit use: guess who comes in last". Switchboard.nrdc.org. 2009-05-18. http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/kbenfield/natgeo_surveys_countries_trans.html. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ "Intercity Passenger Rail: National Policy and Strategies Needed to Maximize Public Benefits from Federal Expenditures". U.S. Government Accountability Office. 2006-11-13. http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-07-15. Retrieved 2007-06-20.
- ^ "Amtrak Ridership Records". Amtrak. 2011-06-08. http://www.amtrak.com/servlet/BlobServer?blobcol=urldata&blobtable=MungoBlobs&blobkey=id&blobwhere=1249227805921&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobhead. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
- ^ McGill, Tracy (2011-01-01). "3 Reasons Light Rail Is an Efficient Transportation Option for U.S. Cities". MetaEfficient. http://www.metaefficient.com/trains/master-2.html. Retrieved 2011-08-29.
- ^ "Bicycling to Work". Trafficsafety.org. http://trafficsafety.org/safety/sharing/bike/bike-facts/bicycling-to-work. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ "Scheduled Passengers Carried". International Air Transport Association (IATA). 2011. http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/Pages/wats-passenger-carried.aspx. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
- ^ "Passenger Traffic 2006 Final". Airports Council International. 2007-07-18. http://www.airports.org/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-54-55_666_2__. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
- ^ "Diagram 1: Energy Flow, 2007". EIA Annual Energy Review 2007. U.S. Dept. of Energy, Energy Information Administration. http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec1_3.pdf. Retrieved June 25, 2008.
- ^ "Rank Order—Oil (Consumption)". The World Factbook. CIA. September 6, 2007. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2174rank.html. Retrieved September 14, 2007.
- ^ "Atomic Renaissance". The Economist (London). September 6, 2007. http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9762843. Retrieved September 6, 2007.
- ^ "BP Statistical Review of World Energy" (XLS). British Petroleum. June 2007. http://www.bp.com/liveassets/bp_internet/globalbp/globalbp_uk_english/reports_and_publications/statistical_energy_review_2007/STAGING/local_assets/downloads/spreadsheets/statistical_review_full_report_workbook_2007.xls. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
- ^ Rosenstone, Steven J. (2009-12-17). "Public Education for the Common Good". University of Minnesota. http://cla.umn.edu/news/clatoday/summer2002/dean.php. Retrieved 2009-03-06.
- ^ "Ages for Compulsory School Attendance...". U.S. Dept. of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d02/dt150.asp. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
- ^ "Statistics About Non-Public Education in the United States". U.S. Dept. of Education, Office of Non-Public Education. http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oii/nonpublic/statistics.html. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings". Topuniversities. http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2010. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ "Top 200 – The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2010–2011". Timeshighereducation.co.uk. http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2010-2011/top-200.html. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ "Educational Attainment in the United States: 2003". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/p20-550.pdf. Retrieved 2006-08-01.
- ^ For more detail on U.S. literacy, see A First Look at the Literacy of America’s Adults in the 21st century, U.S. Department of Education (2003).
- ^ "Human Development Indicators". United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports. 2005. Archived from the original on 2007-06-20. http://web.archive.org/web/20070620235428/http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2005/pdf/HDR05_HDI.pdf. Retrieved 2008-01-14.
- ^ "2007 Facts & Figures". Texas Medical Center. http://www.texmedctr.tmc.edu/root/en/GetToKnow/FactsandFigures/Facts+and+Figures.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-07.
- ^ "Country Comparison: Life Expectancy at Birth". The World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2102rank.html. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
- ^ MacAskill, Ewen (2007-08-13). "US Tumbles Down the World Ratings List for Life Expectancy". Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2007/aug/13/usa.ewenmacaskill. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
- ^ "Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among Adults: United States, 2003–2004". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/pubs/pubd/hestats/overweight/overwght_adult_03.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-05.
- ^ Schlosser, Eric (2002). Fast Food Nation. New York: Perennial. p. 240. ISBN 0-06-093845-5.
- ^ "Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. American Heart Association. 2005. http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/12/2451#R3-101329. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
- ^ "Country Comparison: Infant Mortality Rate". The World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2091rank.html. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
- ^ OECD Health Data 2000: A Comparative Analysis of 29 Countries [CD-ROM] (OECD: Paris, 2000). See also "The U.S. Healthcare System: The Best in the World or Just the Most Expensive?". University of Maine. 2001. http://classic-web.archive.org/web/20061118234952/http://dll.umaine.edu/ble/U.S.+HCweb.pdf. Retrieved 2006-11-29.
- ^ "Health, United States, 2006". Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Health Statistics. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus06.pdf. Retrieved 2006-11-24.
- ^ "Poverty Remains Higher, and Median Income for Non-Elderly Is Lower, Than When Recession Hit Bottom: Poor Performance Unprecedented for Four-Year Recovery Period". Center for Budget and Policy Priorities. 2006-09-01. http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=629. Retrieved 2007-06-24.
- ^ Abelson, Reed (2008-06-10). "Ranks of Underinsured Are Rising, Study Finds". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/10/health/policy/10health.html. Retrieved 2008-10-25. Blewett, Lynn A. et al., LA (Dec 2006). "How Much Health Insurance Is Enough? Revisiting the Concept of Underinsurance". Medical Care Research and Review 63 (6): 663–700. DOI:10.1177/1077558706293634. ISSN 1077-5587. PMID 17099121.
- ^ Park, Madison (2009-09-18). "45,000 American Deaths Associated with Lack of Insurance". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/09/18/deaths.health.insurance/index.html?eref=rss_latest. Retrieved 2009-10-01.
- ^ Fahrenthold, David A. (2006-04-05). "Mass. Bill Requires Health Coverage". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/04/AR2006040401937.html. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ "Local Police Departments, 2003". U.S. Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. May 2006. http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/content/pub/pdf/lpd03.pdf. Retrieved 2011-12-07.
- ^ "Eighth United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems (2001–2002)". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). 2005-03-31. http://www.unodc.org/pdf/crime/eighthsurvey/8sv.pdf. Retrieved 2008-05-18.
- ^ "Murder". Crime in the United States 2009. FBI. September 2010. http://www2.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2009/offenses/violent_crime/murder_homicide.html. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ a b c "New Incarceration Figures: Thirty-Three Consecutive Years of Growth". Sentencing Project. December 2006. http://www.sentencingproject.org/doc/publications/inc_newfigures.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
- ^ Walmsley, Roy (2005). "World Prison Population List". King's College London, International Centre for Prison Studies. Archived from the original on 2007-06-28. http://web.archive.org/web/20070628215935/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/rel/icps/world-prison-population-list-2005.pdf. Retrieved 2007-10-19. For the latest data, see "Prison Brief for United States of America". King's College London, International Centre for Prison Studies. 2006-06-21. Archived from the original on 2007-08-04. http://web.archive.org/web/20070804061423/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/depsta/rel/icps/worldbrief/north_america_records.php?code=190. Retrieved 2007-10-19. For other estimates of the incarceration rate in China and North Korea see Adams, Cecil (2004-02-06). "Does the United States Lead the World in Prison Population?". The Straight Dope. http://www.straightdope.com/columns/read/2494/does-the-united-states-lead-the-world-in-prison-population. Retrieved 2007-10-11.
- ^ "Pew Report Finds More than One in 100 Adults are Behind Bars". Pew Center on the States. 2008-02-28. Archived from the original on 2008-03-03. http://web.archive.org/web/20080303025427/http://www.pewcenteronthestates.org/news_room_detail.aspx?id=35912. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
- ^ "Incarceration Rate, 1980–2005". U.S. Dept. of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-06-11. http://web.archive.org/web/20070611192107/http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/glance/tables/incrttab.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
- ^ "World Prison Population List (8th edition)". King's College London, International Centre for Prison Studies. 2009. http://www.prisonstudies.org/info/downloads/wppl-8th_41.pdf. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ "The Impact of the War on Drugs on U.S. Incarceration". Human Rights Watch. May 2000. http://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/2000/usa/Rcedrg00-05.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
- ^ "Executions in the United States in 2007". Death Penalty Information Center. http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions-united-states-2007. Retrieved 2007-06-15.
- ^ "Executions Around the World". Death Penalty Information Center. 2010. http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/death-penalty-international-perspective#interexec. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ "Quinn Signs Death Penalty Ban, Commutes 15 Death Row Sentences to Life". Chicago Tribune. 2011-03-09. http://newsblogs.chicagotribune.com/clout_st/2011/03/quinn-signs-death-penalty-ban-commutes-15-death-row-sentences-to-life.html. Retrieved 2011-03-09.
- ^ a b "2010 Census Data". U.S. Census Bureau. http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
- ^ Camarota, Steven A., and Karen Jensenius (July 2008). "Homeward Bound: Recent Immigration Enforcement and the Decline in the Illegal Alien Population". Center for Immigration Studies. http://www.cis.org/articles/2008/back808.pdf. Retrieved 2008-08-06.
- ^ "Statistical Abstract of the United States" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/06statab/pop.pdf.
- ^ "Executive Summary: A Population Perspective of the United States". Population Resource Center. May 2000. Archived from the original on 2007-06-04. http://web.archive.org/web/20070604165856/http://www.prcdc.org/summaries/uspopperspec/uspopperspec.html. Retrieved 2007-12-20.
- ^ "Rank Order—Birth Rate". The World Factbook. CIA. 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2054rank.html. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ “U.S. Legal Permanent Residents: 2011”. Office of Immigration Statistics Annual Flow Report.
- ^ "Persons Obtaining Legal Permanent Resident Status by Region and Country of Birth: Fiscal Years 1998 to 2007 (Table 3)". U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security. http://www.dhs.gov/files/statistics/publications/LPR07.shtm. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ a b c d "Ancestry 2000". U.S.Census Bureau. June 2004. http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-13.
- ^ a b c Humes, Karen R., Nicholas A. Jones, and Roberto R. Ramirez (March 2011). "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
- ^ "B03001. Hispanic or Latino Origin by Specific Origin". 2007 American Community Survey. U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G00_&-CONTEXT=dt&-mt_name=ACS_2007_1YR_G2000_B03001&-redoLog=true&-geo_id=01000US&-geo_id=04000US48&-format=&-_lang=en&-SubjectID=15233304. Retrieved 2008-09-26.
- ^ "Tables 41 and 42—Native and Foreign-Born Populations". Statistical Abstract of the United States 2009. U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/09statab/pop.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ Hamilton, Brady E., Joyce A. Martin, and Stephanie J. Ventura (2011-11-17). "Births: Preliminary Data for 2010". National Vital Statistics Reports, Volume 60, Number 2. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nvsr/nvsr60/nvsr60_02.pdf. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
- ^ US Census Bureau: "U.S. Census Bureau Delivers Final State 2010 Census Population Totals for Legislative Redistricting" see custom table, 2nd worksheet
- ^ El Nasser, Haya (2011-08-24). "Minority babies almost the majority". USA TODAY. http://www.usatoday.com/news/parenting-family/babies/story/2011-08-25/Minority-babies-almost-the-majority/50127816/1. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ "An Older and More Diverse Nation by Midcentury". U.S. Census Bureau. 2008-08-14. Archived from the original on 2008-08-22. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822044429/http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/population/012496.html. Retrieved 2008-09-06.
- ^ "United States—Urban/Rural and Inside/Outside Metropolitan Area (GCT-P1. Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2000)". U.S. Census Bureau. 2000-04-01. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-state=gct&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P1&-mt_name=&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=&-format=US-1&-_lang=en. Retrieved 2008-09-23.
- ^ "Table 1: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places Over 100,000, Ranked by July 1, 2008 Population: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008" (PDF). 2008 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division. 2009-07-01. Archived from the original on 2009-12-07. http://www.webcitation.org/5lpvuJk99. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ a b "Table 5. Estimates of Population Change for Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Rankings: July 1, 2007 to July 1, 2008" (PDF). 2008 Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau. 2009-03-19. Archived from the original on 2009-12-07. http://www.webcitation.org/5lpvuJzkG. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ "Raleigh and Austin are Fastest-Growing Metro Areas". U.S. Census Bureau. 2009-03-19. http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb09-45.html. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ "2010 Census National Summary File of Redistricting Data". U.S. Census Bureau. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_NSRD_GCTPL2.US24PR&prodType=table. Retrieved 2011-05-05.
- ^ "Figure A–3. Census Regions, Census Divisions, and Their Constituent States". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/tiger/glossry2.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
- ^ a b "Language Spoken at Home by the U.S. Population, 2010", American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau, in World Almanac and Book of Facts 2012, p. 615.
- ^ "Foreign Language Enrollments in United States Institutions of Higher Learning". MLA. fall 2002. http://www.adfl.org/resources/enrollments.pdf. Retrieved 2006-10-16.
- ^ "The Constitution of the State of Hawaii, Article XV, Section 4". Hawaii Legislative Reference Bureau. 1978-11-07. http://www.hawaii.gov/lrb/con/conart15.html. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ Dicker, Susan J. (2003). Languages in America: A Pluralist View. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters. pp. 216, 220–25. ISBN 1-85359-651-5.
- ^ "California Code of Civil Procedure, Section 412.20(6)". Legislative Counsel, State of California. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=ccp&group=00001-01000&file=412.10-412.30. Retrieved 2007-12-17. "California Judicial Council Forms". Judicial Council, State of California. http://www.courtinfo.ca.gov/forms/allforms.htm. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
- ^ "Among Wealthy Nations...U.S. Stands Alone in its Embrace of Religion". Pew Global Attitudes Project. Pew Research Center. 2002-12-19. http://pewglobal.org/reports/display.php?ReportID=167. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
- ^ a b c d "Religious Composition of the U.S.". U.S. Religious Landscape Survey. Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life. 2007. http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/affiliations-all-traditions.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
- ^ a b c Kosmin, Barry A., Egon Mayer, and Ariela Kaysar (2001-12-19). "American Religious Identification Survey 2001". CUNY Graduate Center. http://www.gc.cuny.edu/CUNY_GC/media/CUNY-Graduate-Center/PDF/ARIS/ARIS-PDF-version.pdf?ext=.pdf. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- ^ Green, John C. "The American Religious Landscape and Political Attitudes: A Baseline for 2004". University of Akron Ray C. Bliss Institute of Applied Politics. Archived from the original on 2009-12-07. http://www.webcitation.org/5lpvuMoCD. Retrieved 2007-06-18.
- ^ "Table 55—Marital Status of the Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 to 2007". Statistical Abstract of the United States 2009. U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/prod/2008pubs/09statab/pop.pdf. Retrieved 2009-10-11.
- ^ "Women's Advances in Education". Columbia University, Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy. 2006. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. http://web.archive.org/web/20070609151527/http://www.iserp.columbia.edu/news/articles/female_college.html. Retrieved 2007-06-06.
- ^ "For First Time, Majority of Americans Favor Legal Gay Marriage". Gallup.com. http://www.gallup.com/poll/147662/First-Time-Majority-Americans-Favor-Legal-Gay-Marriage.aspx. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ "Teenage birth rate statistics – countries compared – NationMaster People". Nationmaster.com. http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/peo_tee_bir_rat-people-teenage-birth-rate. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ Strauss, Lilo T., et al. (2006-11-24). "Abortion Surveillance—United States, 2003". MMWR. Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Reproductive Health. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5511a1.htm. Retrieved 2007-06-17.
- ^ "Statue of Liberty". World Heritage. UNESCO. http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/307. Retrieved 2011–10–20.
- ^ Thompson, William, and Joseph Hickey (2005). Society in Focus. Boston: Pearson. ISBN 0-205-41365-X.
- ^ Fiorina, Morris P., and Paul E. Peterson (2000). The New American Democracy. London: Longman, p. 97. ISBN 0-321-07058-5.
- ^ Holloway, Joseph E. (2005). Africanisms in American Culture, 2d ed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, pp. 18–38. ISBN 0-253-34479-4. Johnson, Fern L. (1999). Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States. Thousand Oaks, Calif., London, and New Delhi: Sage, p. 116. ISBN 0-8039-5912-5.
- ^ "Individualism". Clearly Cultural. http://www.clearlycultural.com/geert-hofstede-cultural-dimensions/individualism/. Retrieved 2009-02-28.
- ^ "A Family Affair: Intergenerational Social Mobility across OECD Countries". Economic Policy Reforms: Going for Growth (OECD). 2010. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/2/7/45002641.pdf. Retrieved 2010-09-20. Blanden, Jo, Paul Gregg, and Stephen Malchin (April 2005). "Intergenerational Mobility in Europe and North America". Centre for Economic Performance. Archived from the original on June 23, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060623094610/http://www.suttontrust.com/reports/IntergenerationalMobility.pdf. Retrieved 2006-08-21.
- ^ Gutfield, Amon (2002). American Exceptionalism: The Effects of Plenty on the American Experience. Brighton and Portland: Sussex Academic Press. p. 65. ISBN 1-903900-08-5.
- ^ Zweig, Michael (2004). What's Class Got To Do With It, American Society in the Twenty-First Century. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-8899-0. "Effects of Social Class and Interactive Setting on Maternal Speech". Education Resource Information Center. http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/Home.portal?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=RecordDetails&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED309843&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=eric_accno&objectId=0900000b800472a5. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
- ^ Ehrenreich, Barbara (1989). Fear of Falling, The Inner Life of the Middle Class. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-097333-1.
- ^ Eichar, Douglas (1989). Occupation and Class Consciousness in America. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-26111-3.
- ^ O'Keefe, Kevin (2005). The Average American. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 1-58648-270-X.
- ^ Village Voice: 100 Best Films of the 20th century (2001). Filmsite.org; Sight and Sound Top Ten Poll 2002. BFI. Retrieved on 2007-06-19.
- ^ "World Culture Report 2000 Calls for Preservation of Intangible Cultural Heritage". UNESCO. 2000-11-17. http://www.unesco.org/bpi/eng/unescopress/2000/00-120e.shtml. Retrieved 2007-09-14. "Summary: Does Globalization Thwart Cultural Diversity?". World Bank Group. Archived from the original on 2007-10-17. http://web.archive.org/web/20071017111347/http://worldbank.org/economicpolicy/globalization/thwart.html. Retrieved 2007-09-14.
- ^ "Media Statistics > Television Viewing by Country". NationMaster. http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/med_tel_vie-media-television-viewing. Retrieved 2007-06-03.
- ^ "Broadband and Media Consumption". eMarketer. 2007-06-07. http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1005003. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
- ^ "TV Fans Spill into Web Sites". eMarketer. 2007-06-07. http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1004830. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
- ^ "Top Sites in United States". Alexa. 2010. http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- ^ Biddle, Julian (2001). What Was Hot!: Five Decades of Pop Culture in America. New York: Citadel, p. ix. ISBN 0-8065-2311-5.
- ^ Bloom, Harold. 1999. Emily Dickinson. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House Publishers. p. 9. ISBN 0-7910-5106-4.
- ^ Buell, Lawrence (Spring/Summer 2008). "The Unkillable Dream of the Great American Novel: Moby-Dick as Test Case". American Literary History 20 (1–2): 132–155. DOI:10.1093/alh/ajn005. ISSN 0896-7148.
- ^ Quinn, Edward (2006). A Dictionary of Literary and Thematic Terms. Infobase, p. 361. ISBN 0-8160-6243-9. Seed, David (2009). A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons, p. 76. ISBN 1-4051-4691-5. Meyers, Jeffrey (1999). Hemingway: A Biography. New York: Da Capo, p. 139. ISBN 0-306-80890-0.
- ^ Brown, Milton W. (1988 1963). The Story of the Armory Show. New York: Abbeville. ISBN 0-89659-795-4.
- ^ Daniels, Les (1998). Superman: The Complete History (1st ed.). Titan Books. p. 11. ISBN 1-85286-988-7.
- ^ a b Klapthor, James N. (2003-08-23). "What, When, and Where Americans Eat in 2003". Newswise/Institute of Food Technologists. http://www.newswise.com/articles/what-when-and-where-americans-eat-in-2003. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ Smith, Andrew F. (2004). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 131–32. ISBN 0-19-515437-1. Levenstein, Harvey (2003). Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, pp. 154–55. ISBN 0-520-23439-1.
- ^ Boslaugh, Sarah (2010). "Obesity Epidemic", in Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices, ed. Roger Chapman. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, pp. 413–14. ISBN 978-0-7656-1761-3.
- ^ "Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. American Heart Association. 2005. http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/12/2451#R3-101329. Retrieved 2007-06-09. "Let's Eat Out: Americans Weigh Taste, Convenience, and Nutrition". U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib19/eib19_reportsummary.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
- ^ Krane, David K. (2002-10-30). "Professional Football Widens Its Lead Over Baseball as Nation's Favorite Sport". Harris Interactive. http://www.harrisinteractive.com/Insights/HarrisVault8482.aspx?PID=337. Retrieved 2007-09-14. Maccambridge, Michael (2004). America's Game: The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50454-0.
- ^ Cowen, Tyler, and Kevin Grier (2012-02-09). "What Would the End of Football Look Like?". Grantland/ESPN. http://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/7559458/cte-concussion-crisis-economic-look-end-football. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ "All-Time Medal Standings, 1896–2004". Information Please. http://www.infoplease.com/ipsa/A0115108.html. Retrieved 2007-06-14. "Distribution of Medals—2008 Summer Games". Fact Monster. http://www.factmonster.com/sports/olympics/2008/distribution-medals-summer-games.html. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
- ^ "All-Time Medal Standings, 1924–2006". Information Please. http://www.infoplease.com/ipsa/A0115207.html. Retrieved 2007-06-14. "Olympic Medals". Vancouver Organizing Committee. http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-medals/. Retrieved 2010-03-02. Norway is first.
- ^ "Appendix G: Weights and Measures". The World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-g.html. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
External links[link]
| Find more about United States on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
 |
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary |
 |
Images and media from Commons |
 |
Learning resources from Wikiversity |
 |
News stories from Wikinews |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
 |
Source texts from Wikisource |
 |
Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- United States entry at The World Factbook
- InfoUSA Portal to U.S. Information Agency resources
- Library of Congress Official site of the U.S. Library of Congress
- The 50 States of the U.S.A. Collected informational links for each state
Geographic data related to United States at OpenStreetMap- United States travel guide from Wikitravel
- United States Encyclopædia Britannica entry
- United States at the Open Directory Project
- U.S. Census Housing and Economic Statistics Wide-ranging data from the U.S. Census Bureau
- U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Official government site
- State Fact Sheets Population, employment, income, and farm data from the U.S. Economic Research Service
- State Energy Profiles Economic, environmental, and energy data for each state from the U.S. Energy Information Administration
- Category:USA in the Creative Commons. Websites and projects for free usage under a Creative Commons license.
- Key Development Forecasts for the United States from International Futures
- Government
- Official U.S. Government Web Portal Gateway to government sites
- House Official site of the United States House of Representatives
- Senate Official site of the United States Senate
- White House Official site of the President of the United States
- Supreme Court Official site of the Supreme Court of the United States
- History
- Historical Documents Collected by the National Center for Public Policy Research
- U.S. National Mottos: History and Constitutionality Analysis by the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance
- USA Collected links to historical data
- Maps
- National Atlas of the United States Official maps from the U.S. Department of the Interior
- United States Satellite view at WikiMapia (not affiliated with Wikipedia/Wikimedia Foundation)
- Wikimedia Atlas of the United States
lez:Америкадин Садхьанвай Штатарvep:Amerikan Ühtenzoittud Valdkundad
http://wn.com/United_States
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Regina Spektor | |
|---|---|
 Regina Spektor playing an electronic piano in 2006 |
|
| Background information | |
| Native name | Реги́нa Ильи́нична Спе́ктор |
| Born | (1980-02-18) February 18, 1980 (age 32) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Origin | New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Anti-folk, indie rock, baroque pop, blues, pop |
| Occupations | Singer, songwriter, record producer |
| Instruments | Piano, vocals, guitar, bass guitar |
| Years active | 1999–present |
| Labels | Sire/Warner Bros. Records |
| Associated acts | Sondre Lerche, Ben Folds, Kill Kenada, the Strokes, Dufus |
| Website | http://www.reginaspektor.com |
| Notable instruments | |
|
Steinway & Sons piano 
|
|
Regina Ilyinichna Spektor (Russian: Реги́нa Ильи́нична Спе́ктор, IPA: [rʲɪˈɡʲinə ˈspʲɛktər], English: /rɨˈdʒiːnə ˈspɛktər/; born February 18, 1980) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. Her music is associated with the anti-folk scene centered in New York City's East Village.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Spektor was born in Moscow, Soviet Union in 1980 to a musical Russian Jewish family. Her father, Ilya Spektor, is a photographer and amateur violinist. Her mother, Bella Spektor, was a music professor in a Soviet college of music and now teaches at a public elementary school in Mount Vernon, New York.[1] She has a brother Barry (Bear), who was featured in track 7, "* * *", or "Whisper", of her 2004 album, Soviet Kitsch.
She learned how to play piano by practising on a Petrof upright that was given to her mother by her grandfather.[2] She was also exposed to the music of rock and roll bands such as The Beatles, Queen, and The Moody Blues by her father, who obtained such recordings in Eastern Europe and traded cassettes with friends in the Soviet Union.[1] The family left the Soviet Union in 1989, when Regina was nine and a half, during the period of Perestroika, when Soviet citizens were permitted to emigrate. Regina had to leave her piano behind.[3] The seriousness of her piano studies led her parents to consider not leaving the USSR, but they finally decided to emigrate, due to the ethnic and political discrimination that Jews faced.[4] Spektor is fluent in Russian and reads Hebrew, and has since paid tribute to her Russian heritage, quoting the poem February by the Russian poet Boris Pasternak in her song Après Moi, and stating “I’m very connected to the language and the culture.”[5]
Traveling first to Austria and then Italy, the family was admitted to the United States as refugees with the assistance of HIAS (the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society) and settled in The Bronx, where Spektor graduated from the SAR Academy, a Jewish day middle school in the Riverdale section of the Bronx. She then attended high school for two years at the Frisch School, a yeshiva in Paramus, New Jersey, but transferred to a public school, Fair Lawn High School, in Fair Lawn, New Jersey, where she finished the last two years of her high school education.[6]
Career[link]
In New York, Spektor studied classical piano with Sonia Vargas, a professor at the Manhattan School of Music, until she was 17; Spektor's father had met Vargas through her husband, violinist Samuel Marder.[7] Although the family had been unable to bring their piano from Russia, Spektor found a piano on which to play in the basement of her synagogue, and also practiced on tabletops and other hard surfaces.
Spektor was originally interested only in classical music, but later became interested in hip hop, rock and punk as well.[1] Although she had always made up songs around the house, Spektor first became interested in more formal songwriting during a visit to Israel with the Nesiya Institute in her teenage years when she attracted attention from the other children on the trip for the songs she made up while hiking and realized she had an aptitude for songwriting.[4]
Following this trip, she was exposed to the work of Joni Mitchell, Ani DiFranco, and other singer-songwriters, which encouraged her belief that she could create her own songs.[4] She wrote her first a cappella songs around the age of 16 and her first songs for voice and piano when she was nearly 18.[1]
Spektor completed the four-year studio composition program of the Conservatory of Music at Purchase College within three years, graduating with honors in 2001. Around this time, she also worked briefly at a butterfly farm in Luck, Wisconsin,[8] and studied in Tottenham, ( a suburb of London) for one semester [9].
She gradually achieved recognition through performances in the anti-folk scene in downtown New York City, often as a duo with drummer Anders Griffen, and most importantly at the East Village's Sidewalk Cafe, but also at the Living Room, Tonic, Fez, the Knitting Factory, and CB's Gallery.[citation needed] She also performed at local colleges (such as Sarah Lawrence College) with other musicians, including the Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players. She sold self-published CDs at her performances during this period: 11:11 (2001) and Songs (2002). In 2004, she signed a contract with Warner Brothers' record label Sire Records to publish and distribute her third album Soviet Kitsch, originally self-released in 2003.
Spektor is married to Jack Dishel, guitarist with the band The Moldy Peaches.[9]
Style[link]
Spektor has said that she has created a great number of songs,[10] but that she rarely writes any of them down. She has also stated that she never aspired to write songs herself, but songs seem to just flow to her.[11] Spektor's songs are not usually autobiographical, but rather are based on scenarios and characters drawn from her imagination.[4][12] Her songs show influences from folk,[13][14] punk, rock, Jewish,[12][15] Russian,[12] hip hop,[13][16][17] jazz,[13][16] and classical music.[12][16] Spektor has said that she works hard to ensure that each of her songs has its own musical style, rather than trying to develop a distinctive style for her music as a whole.[11]
It doesn't feel natural for me to write some diary type song. I want to write a classic like Yesterday but weird songs about meatballs in refrigerators come into my head - I can't help it.[18]
Spektor has a broad vocal range and uses the full extent of it. She also explores a variety of different and somewhat unorthodox vocal techniques, such as verses composed entirely of buzzing noises made with the lips and beatbox-style flourishes in the middle of ballads, and also makes use of such unusual musical techniques as using a drum stick to tap rhythms on the body of the piano or chair.[4][19] Part of her style also results from the exaggeration of certain aspects of vocalization, most notably the glottal stop, which is prominent in the single "Fidelity". She also uses a strong New York accent on some words, which she has said is due to her love of New York and its culture.[1]
Her lyrics are equally eclectic, often taking the form of abstract narratives or first-person character studies, similar to short stories or vignettes put to song.[1][19] Spektor usually sings in English, though she sometimes includes a few words or verses of Latin, Russian, French, and other languages in her songs. She also plays with pronunciations, which she said on a NPR interview to be a remnant of her early years when she listened to pop in English without understanding the lyrics. Some of Spektor's lyrics include literary allusions,[4] such as to F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway in "Poor Little Rich Boy", The Little Prince in "Baobabs", Virginia Woolf and Margaret Atwood in "Paris", Ezra Pound and William Shakespeare in "Pound of Flesh", Shakespeare's Hamlet in "The Virgin Queen", Boris Pasternak in "Après Moi", Samson and Delilah in "Samson", and Oedipus the King in "Oedipus", Billie Holiday in "Lady" and Edith Wharton's Ethan Frome in "2.99 cent blues". She alludes to The Beatles and Paul McCartney in the song "Edit". She also used a line from Joni Mitchell's California in her song "The Devil Came to Bethlehem". Recurring themes and topics in Spektor's lyrics include love, death, religion (particularly Biblical and Jewish references), city life (particularly New York references), and certain key phrases have been known to recur in different songs by Spektor, such as references to gravediggers, the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and the name "Mary Ann". Spektor's use of satire is evident in "Wasteside," which refers to The Twelve Chairs, the classic satirical novel by the Soviet authors Ilf and Petrov, and describes the town in which people are born, get their hair cut, and then are sent to the cemetery.
In Spektor's early albums, many of her tracks had a very dry vocal production, with very little reverb or delay added. However, Spektor's more recent albums, particularly Begin to Hope, have put more emphasis into song production and have relied more on traditional pop and rock instruments.[3] Spektor says the records that most impact her are those of "bands whose music is really involved",[20] specifically naming The Beatles, Bob Dylan, Billie Holiday, Radiohead, Tom Waits, and Frédéric Chopin as primary influences.[20][21]
In her songs, "Eet", "Us" and "Après Moi" the titular sounds are used as the focal point throughout. (In "Dance Anthem of the 80's", the sound "eet" is also used often, on words such as "meat", "street", and "eat").
Performances[link]
Spektor's first nationwide tour was accompanying The Strokes as the opening act on their 2003–2004 Room on Fire tour, during which she and the band performed and recorded "Modern Girls & Old Fashion Men". Kings of Leon were the second opening act on that tour, and they invited Regina to open for them on their own European tour right after The Strokes tour. In June 2005, Spektor was the opening act for the English piano rock band Keane on their North American tour, during which she performed at Radio City Music Hall on June 7, 2005.[22] During her 2006 headlining tour in support of the Begin to Hope album, Spektor sold out a performance at Messiah College in Grantham, Pennsylvania, and two shows at Town Hall Theater in New York City on September 27 and September 28, 2006.[23]
Spektor has appeared on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien (once), Late Night with Conan O'Brien (three times), The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (twice), Jimmy Kimmel Live (twice), Last Call with Carson Daly (five times), Late Show with David Letterman (twice), Late Night with Jimmy Fallon (twice), CBS News Sunday Morning, Good Morning America (twice), Australia's Rove Live, and The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson (twice).[24] On October 10, 2009 she performed on Saturday Night Live.
Since January 2005, Spektor has performed on a bright red Baldwin baby grand piano.[25] At the present time she uses exclusively Steinway & Sons pianos. She plays a seafoam Epiphone Wildkat archtop hollow-body electric guitar.[26]
Although she generally only performs original material, Spektor occasionally performs covers. Most famous of these covers were her performances of songs by Leonard Cohen and Madonna, for the 2nd Annual Jewish Music & Heritage Festival at the 92nd Street Y in New York City.[4] In 2006 and 2007, Spektor embarked on a headlining tour of the U.S. and Europe, selling out numerous clubs and theaters. She covered John Lennon's "Real Love" at the performance arts center of her alma mater, State University of New York at Purchase, on March 28, 2007, at a benefit concert for the Conservatory of Music.[27] In 2007, Spektor recorded "Real Love" for the Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur CD, which was released in June of that year. She recorded a version of the song for Triple J's Like a Version radio segment which was shown on jTV.
On March 8, 2007, Spektor appeared on the British ITV network's Loose Women, promoting and performing "Fidelity" live, and on April 20, 2007, she performed on the Late Show with David Letterman. On Saturday, April 28, 2007, she appeared at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. On Friday, May 18, 2007, she appeared on BBC1's Friday Night with Jonathan Ross. On June 16, 2007, she performed at the Bonnaroo Music Festival and later performed at the 2007 Lollapalooza on August 4, 2007 and Virgin Festival on August 5, 2007 in Baltimore, Maryland. On September 16, 2007, she performed at the Austin City Limits Music Festival and recorded a set for the Austin City Limits TV show the following day. She performed acoustic at the Bridge School Benefit at Shoreline Amphitheatre on October 27 and October 28, 2007.
On November 14, 2007, at her concert at Ryman Auditorium, in Nashville, it was announced that Spektor collapsed during the sound check and was taken to a local emergency room. According to the statement given to the audience, Spektor was fine, but doctors said that she could not perform that night. It was later reported that the cause of the collapse was an inner ear infection which caused intense vertigo. The show was initially rescheduled for December 6, 2007,[28] but the date was once again rescheduled, and the concert finally occurred on February 29, 2008.[29] After her initial collapse in Nashville, she was able to perform in concerts at Mountain Stage on November 18, 2007,[30][citation needed] and at Duke University on November 19, 2007.[31]
In conjunction with the release of her 2009 album Far, Spektor was headlining at Serpentine Sessions, a series of concerts London's Hyde Park on June 29, 2009. Other European performances in 2009 include Glastonbury Festival, Hultsfred Festival, Oxegen 2009, T in the Park, Paradiso (Amsterdam), Latitude Festival, and Rock Werchter. Spektor has invited Brooklyn-based rock band Jupiter One to open concerts on her 2009 North American tour. As a part of that tour, on October 14, 2009 Spektor headlined a concert at the Radio City Music Hall in NYC.
On July 7, 2010, Regina performed at the Montreux Jazz Festival in Montreux, Switzerland.[32] Her cellist, Dan Cho, drowned the day before while swimming in Lake Geneva near the Chillon Castle.[33][34] She was described as distraught, shaken, and in tears and took several breaks to regain her composure.[35]
Media coverage[link]
Since 2005, Spektor's music has been used in various television programs and commercials. In late 2005 "Us" (from Soviet Kitsch) was used in a commercial as part of the What Do You Want To Watch? series for the United Kingdom's British Sky Broadcasting. The advert features a clip from a documentary on skateboarder Danny Way. In the summer of 2006, a clip from "Us" was used for the teaser website for Microsoft's Zune project at ComingZune.com, as well as for a promotional campaign for MtvU. The same track is used by Dutch telecom company KPN in a commercial. "Somedays" was used in a 2005 episode of CSI: NY and "Samson" was used in a 2006 episode of the same series. "On the Radio" was used in an episode of ABC's Grey's Anatomy. "Field Below" was used in a 2006 episode titled "The Last Word" of CBS's Criminal Minds. "Fidelity" has also been used in an episode of Grey's Anatomy titled "Six Days, Part 2", Veronica Mars titled "Wichita Linebacker", Brothers & Sisters titled "Sexual Politics", during the end credits of Love and Other Drugs, and in the Brazilian telenovela A Favorita. "Better" is currently being used in a commercial for XM Satellite Radio, an episode of "How I Met Your Mother", and the popular film My Sister's Keeper. Her song "Music Box" is currently being used in a commercial for JC Penney. Spektor also sang the title song "Little Boxes" of Showtime's television series Weeds in the episode "Mile Deep and a Foot Wide" (2006) and her "Ghost of Corporate Future" was used both at the beginning and end of the episode.[36] On January 21, 2007, she was featured on CBS News Sunday Morning.[11]
Spektor received increased attention in 2006 when her video for "Fidelity" was viewed over 200,000 times in two days on YouTube. On Sirius Radio's Left of Center channel, her single "Fidelity" was voted by listeners as the #1 song of 2006. Towards the end of 2006, VH1 showcased her as part of their "You Oughta Know: Artists on the Rise" featurettes: they played clips from the "Fidelity" music video and showed parts of an interview with Spektor during commercial breaks on the channel.[37] Spektor's video for "Fidelity" reached #3 on VH1's Top 20 Countdown.[citation needed]
Peter Gabriel recorded a version of "Après Moi" on his 2010 release Scratch My Back.
In Australia, Spektor's music has rapidly gained popularity in mainstream culture primarily due to Begin to Hope being played on the nation-wide radio station Triple J, where it eventually became a feature album. Prior to Begin to Hope, Spektor had only a small following in Australia in comparison to the US and Europe.
Spektor reached #33 on Blender magazine's top 100 of 2006 and was also listed as one of the "Hottest Women of...Rock!".[38] "Fidelity" was also used in a 2007 television commercial in New Zealand advertising Yahoo!Xtra, a new partnership between Yahoo! and Telecom's Xtra ISP. Also in 2007, the mobile phone company Vodafone used her lyric, "Come into my world..." from the track, "Hotel Song" on Begin to Hope, in an extensive TV advertising campaign in the UK and Ireland.
On October 1, 2007, Spektor's new video for "Better" was released on VH1 and YouTube, where it was viewed more than 100,000 times within the first 24 hours. "Fidelity" was used in the trailer for the film 27 Dresses, released on October 3, 2007.[39]
Her song "The Call" appeared prominently in The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian,[40] as part of the film's finale sequence. Spektor's song "Better" was used in the movie My Sister's Keeper, loosely based on the novel of the same name by Jodi Picoult. A section of "That Time" was featured in the film In Bruges. Additionally, "Us" and "Hero" are both featured on the soundtrack for the film (500) Days of Summer. Spin magazine profiled Spektor in their July 2009 issue, where she discussed her just-released album Far. The story was released in their digital edition that month, as well.[41] In August 2009, the song "Two Birds" was used in the 2009 Fall Campaign of the Polish TV station TVN. Also Regina's song "Eet" debuted on the show 90210 in April 2010.
On September 16, 2009, it was announced that Spektor would write the music for the musical Beauty, a modern adaptation of the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty, which is set to open during the 2011–12 Broadway season.[42]
In May 2010, Spektor performed for President Obama and his wife Michelle along with hundreds of other guests at the White House reception in honor of Jewish Heritage Month. She sang "Us" and "The Sword & the Pen", receiving a standing ovation begun by Michelle Obama.
The song "Human of the Year" featured prominently in the trailer and first episode of the 2011 HBO series Enlightened.
The song "All the Rowboats" was featured on The CW's Ringer in March 2012.
The Song "Hotel Song" was featured in the opening of the movie Friends with Kids.
Philanthropy[link]
In 2007, she covered John Lennon's "Real Love" for Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur. The following year, she participated in Songs for Tibet, an initiative to support the human rights situation in Tibet and the 14th Dalai Lama. The album was issued on August 5, 2008, via iTunes and on August 19 in music stores around the world.[43] On January 22, 2009, Spektor performed at the third annual Roe On The Rocks gig at the Bowery Ballroom to raise money for Planned Parenthood New York City.[44] Also, continuing with her support for Tibet, Regina Spektor played for Tibet House's annual concert at Carnegie Hall on February 26, 2010. Less than one month later, on March 23, 2010, Spektor gave a concert at the Fillmore at Irving Plaza in New York City to raise funds for the work of Doctors Without Borders in Haiti. Also, on April 27, she released a cover of Radiohead's song "No Surprises" with all proceeds going to Doctors Without Borders to help the earthquake victims in Haiti and Chile.
Discography[link]
Main article: Regina Spektor discography
Albums[link]
- 2001: 11:11
- 2002: Songs
- 2004: Soviet Kitsch
- 2006: Begin to Hope
- 2009: Far
- 2012: What We Saw from the Cheap Seats
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Album | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. | UK | IRE | AUS | NZ | BEL | SWE | |||||||||
| 2004 | "Carbon Monoxide" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Soviet Kitsch | ||||||
| "Your Honour / The Flowers" | — | 104 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| 2006 | "Us" | — | 81 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| "On the Radio" | — | 60 | — | — | — | — | — | Begin to Hope | |||||||
| "Fidelity" | 51 | 45 | — | 50 | 16 | — | — | ||||||||
| 2007 | "Hotel Song" | — | — | 16 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| "Samson" | — | 174 | — | 22 | — | 30 | 29 | ||||||||
| "Better" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| 2009 | "Laughing With" | 14* | — | — | — | — | 34 | — | Far | ||||||
| "Eet" | — | — | — | 79 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| 2010 | "No Surprises" | — | — | — | 96 | — | — | — | Charity download | ||||||
| 2012 | "All the Rowboats" | — | — | — | 91 | — | — | — | What We Saw from the Cheap Seats | ||||||
| "Don't Leave Me (Ne Me Quitte Pas)" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| "—" denotes singles that did not chart. * Hot 100 Singles Sales; did not chart on Billboard Hot 100 |
|||||||||||||||
Awards[link]
- Begin to Hope – Shortlist Music Prize (nominated)
- Studio8's Female Voice of August 2009 (won)
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f Soundcheck (2004-11-18), "Hot Hot Hot" New York Public Radio
- ^ "Regina Spektor - Refugee from Soviet kitsch". The Independent. 2009-07-03. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/regina-spektor--refugee-from-soviet-kitsch-1729328.html. Retrieved 2010-04-02.
- ^ a b Aizlewood, John (2006-08-24). "Regina Spektor: A Triumph That Began With Hope". thislondon.co.uk. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/music/gig-23351811-details/Regina+Spektor/gigReview.do?reviewId=23364423.
- ^ a b c d e f g Soundcheck interview (2005-09-13) "From Russia with Love". New York Public Radio.
- ^ Piano Woman June 12, 2006, New York Magazine/
- ^ Morrisset-Solo Forums
- ^ Roeschlein, Shane. "Regina Spektor: The Red Princess". themusicedge.com. http://www.themusicedge.com/moxie/news/featartist/regina-spektor-the-red-pr.shtml.
- ^ Versatile Regina Spektor floats among her song stories, Wisconsin State Journal (Madison, WI), October 12, 2006
- ^ a b "Regina Spektor: 'Art comes from a different place'" 12 May 2012 Guardian.
- ^ Orloff, Brian. "Regina Spektor's Got New "Hope"". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/9485254/regina_spektors_got_new_hope.
- ^ a b c Orloff, Brian (2007-10-21). "Regina Spektor's Boundless Talent". CBS News. CBS. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/01/18/sunday/main2371910.shtml.
- ^ a b c d Alonzo, Rod. "Making Stuff Up: An Interview With Regina Spektor". WOMANROCK.com. http://www.womanrock.com/features/regina_spektor.html.
- ^ a b c Murphy, John. "Regina Spektor – Mary Ann Meets The Gravediggers (review)". musicomh.com. http://www.musicomh.com/albums/regina-spektor_0106.htm.
- ^ Bridge, Colette (July 2006). "Nottingham Music: Paolo Nutini / Peaches / Regina Spektor: Tis the period of the singer / songwriter". BBC – Nottingham. http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/music/2004/07/paolo_nutini_peaches_regina_spektor.shtml.
- ^ Holub, Annie (2006-11-02). "Spectral Musings: Six lines that will make you fall in love with Regina Spektor". Tucson Weekly. http://www.tucsonweekly.com/gbase/Music/Content?oid=88732.
- ^ a b c MySpace: Regina Spektor
- ^ National Public Radio. "Regina Spektor in Concert". http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6161219.
- ^ Rolling Stone magazine issue 694, September 2009. "New York Screwball Pop Queen" by Jenny Eliscu, page18.
- ^ a b Block, Melissa. "Stories in Song: Regina Spektor's Begin to Hope". National Public Radio – All Things Considered. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5518985.
- ^ a b Regina Spektor | The A.V. Club
- ^ "Spectacular Spektor", by Susan Visakowitz (from Billboard.biz, 13 January 2007)
- ^ Music Snobbery: Regina Spektor Tells a Guy To Fuck Off
- ^ Music Snobbery: Regina Spektor @ Town Hall: Moscow on the Hudson
- ^ ABC News: Regina Spektor Rocks 'GMA'
- ^ "Regina Spektor in a Piano Shop". WNYC – New York Public Radio. 2005-01-28. http://www.wnyc.org/shows/tnbt/episodes/2005/01/28.
- ^ Epiphone Musical Instruments
- ^ http://www.nynews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070329/ENTERTAINMENT/703290453
- ^ Bill Friskics-Warren (2007-11-14). "Spektor rushed to the hospital before Ryman show". Tennessean.com. http://tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071114/ENTERTAINMENT01/71114057.
- ^ the Historic Ryman Auditorium
- ^ mountainstage.org
- ^ Spektor's official web site
- ^ Facebook post about by Regina Spektor on the death of Dan Cho
- ^ Swiss Newspaper 24Heures
- ^ GenevaLunch >> Montreux Jazz Festival: Regina Spektor and former Katy Perry bandmember dies
- ^ Spinner.com: Daniel Cho, Cellist for Regina Spektor, Reportedly Drowns in Lake Geneva
- ^ "Music from the hit series, Weeds". [[Showtime (TV network)|]]. http://www.sho.com/site/weeds/music.do.
- ^ "New Music Artists Info on You Oughta Know, Rising New Artists, See Photos & Watch Videos Online". VH1.com. http://www.vh1.com/artists/you_oughta_know/index.jhtml?extPop=popVspot(1537507).
- ^ "Hottest Women of... Rock!". Blender. http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?ID=2295&src=blender_ed.
- ^ "27 Dresses Movie Trailer". [1]. 2007-10-03. http://www.slashfilm.com/2007/10/03/27-dresses-movie-trailer.
- ^ "Pandora". http://www.pandora.com/music/song/regina+spektor/call#lyrics.
- ^ Digital Spin
- ^ Playbill.com article on "Sleeping Beauty"
- ^ E-Online (July 22, 2008) Sting, Matthews, Mayer Gamer for Tibet Than Beijing
- ^ NME.com (Nov. 17, 2008)
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Regina Spektor |
- Official site
- Regina Spektor at the Internet Movie Database
- Regina Spektor at the Open Directory Project
- "Regina Spektor" interview by Noel Murray (from The A.V. Club, 21 June 2006)
- Interview from Soundcheck, WNYC, 13 September 2005
- Interview from All Things Considered, National Public Radio, 28 June 2006
- Strangers Almanac Column on Regina Spektor from Glide Magazine
- NPR - All Songs Considered 7/22/2009 - Regina Spektor: When Every Sound Sings
- NPR All Things Considered 5/24/2012 - Regina Spektor Still Doesn't Write Anything Down
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Spektor, Regina |
| Alternative names | Реги́нa Ильи́нична Спе́ктор (Russian) |
| Short description | American singer-songwriter and pianist |
| Date of birth | February 18, 1980 |
| Place of birth | Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Regina_Spektor
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regina_Spektor
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Ryan Lewis | |
|---|---|
 Ryan Lewis (back) performing with Macklemore (front) at Sasquatch! Music Festival |
|
| Background information | |
| Born | (1988-03-25) March 25, 1988 (age 24) Spokane, Washington, U.S. |
| Origin | Seattle, Washington, U.S. |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupations | Producer, DJ |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Associated acts | Macklemore |
| Website | rlewis.com |
Ryan Lewis (born March 25, 1988) is an American music producer, musician, music video director, photographer, graphic designer, rapper and DJ currently based in Seattle. He is best known for his collaboration with American rapper Macklemore (Ben Haggerty) producing Macklemore & Ryan Lewis — The VS. EP (2009), The Heist (2012) and a handful of other singles. Since the beginning of their collaboration in late 2008, Ryan has produced, recorded, engineered and mixed all of the music, directed music videos ("Same Love", "Thrift Shop", "And We Danced", "Otherside (Remix)"), designed visuals (album art, web design, posters) and DJed the live show.
In a recent mini-documentary, Lewis recalled meeting Macklemore for the first time. "When I met him, it was a really different time. It was less than a year after [2005's] Language of My World had come out. So he had buzz. For me being a young kid, it was very exciting to link with him. The bulk of our original relationship was photo shoots. I became kind of his photographer."[1]
Contents |
[edit] The Heist
On October 9, 2012, Macklemore & Ryan Lewis released The Heist. The album debuted at #2 on the Billboard charts and #1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and Top Rap Albums, selling 78,000 copies in the first week.[2] The album also debuted at #1 on iTunes Digital Albums chart.[3] The duo's album has received more than 1 million plays on SoundCloud, 70 million YouTube views and was accompanied by a sold-out 50-date U.S. and Canadian tour.[4]
Discography[link]
(All credited to Macklemore & Ryan Lewis)
Studio albums[link]
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US [5] |
US R&B [6] |
US Rap [7] |
AUS [8] |
BEL (FL) [9] |
CAN [10] |
FR [11] |
NZ [12] |
|||
| The Heist (with Macklemore) |
|
2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 175 | 4 | 186 | 24 | |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | ||||||||||
- EPs
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Tracklist |
|---|---|---|---|
| US | |||
| The VS. EP |
|
– |
|
| The VS. Redux |
|
– |
|
Singles[link]
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Certifications | Album | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US [15] |
US Alt. [16] |
US R&B [17] |
US Rap [18] |
AUS [8] |
CAN [19] |
FRA [20] |
GER [21] |
IRL [22] |
NZ [12] |
||||
| "My Oh My" (with Macklemore) |
2010 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | The Heist | |
| "Wing$"[A] (with Macklemore) |
2011 | — | — | 57 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| "Can't Hold Us" (with Macklemore featuring Ray Dalton) |
113 | — | 39 | — | — | — | 186 | — | 24 | — | |||
| "Same Love"[B] (with Macklemore featuring Mary Lambert) |
2012 | 117 | — | 36 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | ||
| "Thrift Shop" (with Macklemore featuring Wanz) |
1 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 50 | 13 | 1 | |||
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | |||||||||||||
Notes[link]
- A ^ "Wing$" did not enter the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 7 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, which acts as an extension to the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[27]
- B ^ "Same Love" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 25 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.[28]
References[link]
- ^ Frydenlund, Zach (October 24, 2012). "Video: Macklemore & Ryan Lewis Documentary" Complex.
- ^ Caulfield, Keith (October 17, 2012). "Macklemore & Ryan Lewis' 'Heist' Album Debuts At No. 2 On Billboard 200, Mumford Holds at No. 1" Billboard.
- ^ Knopper, Steve (October 17, 2012). "On the Charts: Mumford & Sons Slip, Macklemore and Ryan Lewis Impress" Rolling Stone.
- ^ Halperin, Shirley (October 24, 2012). "The Triumph of Macklemore & Ryan Lewis: How Hip-Hop's DIY Duo Landed a No. 2 Debut With 'The Heist'" The Hollywood Reporter.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Billboard 200". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=305&g=Albums. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: R&B/Hip-Hop Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=333&g=Albums. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Rap Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=335&g=Albums. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ^ a b "Discography Macklemore". australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Macklemore. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
- ^ "Discography Macklemore" (in Dutch). ultratop.be. Hung Medien. http://www.ultratop.be/nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Macklemore. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Canadian Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=309&g=Albums. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ^ "Discography Macklemore" (in French). lescharts.com. Hung Medien. http://www.lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Macklemore. Retrieved January 30, 2013.
- ^ a b "Discography Macklemore". charts.org.nz. Hung Medien. http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Macklemore. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
- ^ Horowitz, Steven J. (2013-01-03). "Hip Hop Album Sales: The Week Ending 12/30/2012 | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.22415/title.hip-hop-album-sales-the-week-ending-12-30-2012. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
- ^ "ARIA Charts > Accreditations > 2013Album". Australian Recording Industry Association. http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesALBUMaccreds2013.htm. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=379&g=Singles. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Alternative Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=377&g=Singles. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: R&B/Hip-Hop Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=367&g=Singles. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Rap Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=1222&g=Singles. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Canadian Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=793&g=Singles. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ "Discographie Macklemore" (in French). lescharts.com. Hung Medien. http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Macklemore. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore (Single)" (in German). charts.de. Media Control Charts. http://charts.de/suche.asp?search=Macklemore&x=0&y=0&country=de&kategorie=single. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
- ^ "Irish Charts – Top 100 Singles – Week ending 8th November 2012". Irish Recorded Music Association. Archived from the original on November 9, 2012. http://archive.is/8BpY. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
- ^ "ARIA Charts > Accreditations > 2013Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesSINGLEaccreds2013.htm. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
- ^ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart: 03 December 2012". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=2100. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
- ^ "ARIA Charts > Accreditations > 2013Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesSINGLEaccreds2013.htm. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
- ^ Horowitz, Steven J. (2013-01-03). "Macklemore & Ryan Lewis' "Thrift Shop" Certified Platinum | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.22418/title.macklemore-ryan-lewis-thrift-shop-certified-platinum. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
- ^ "Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Songs – Issue Date: 2012-11-17". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/chart-search-results/singles/14301397. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ "Bubbling Under Hot 100 – Issue Date: 2012-12-29". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/chart-search-results/singles/14321097. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lewis, Ryan |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American music producer |
| Date of birth | March 25, 1988 |
| Place of birth | Puyallup, Washington, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Ryan_Lewis
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Lewis
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
