Look up PH, pH, or ph in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

pH is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.

PH, ph, pH, and Ph may also refer to:

Sciences[link]

• PH (complexity), the union of all people classes in the polynomial hierarchy in computational complexity theory
• Phenyl group, either -Ph or Φ, highly-stable and aromatic hydrocarbon unit found in many organic compounds
• phot, or ph, a measurement of illuminance (photometry)
• pico- henry (unit), an SI Unit of electrical inductance
• Pleckstrin homology domain, a part of many proteins which bind phosphoinositides with high affinity
• Pulmonary hypertension, a medical condition
• Soil pH is a measure of soil acidity or soil alkalinity

Aviation[link]

• PH, Aircraft registration prefix for the Netherlands
• Polynesian Airlines' IATA airline designator
• Transavia.com Denmark's IATA airline designator

Other uses[link]

• PH, the Philippines' ISO country code
  • .ph, the Philippines' Internet country code top-level domain
• A post-nominal designation for recipients of the Purple Heart
• pʰ, a phoneme
• Ph (digraph), a common digraph that represents the phoneme /f/ (voiceless labiodental fricative) in phonetics
• Ph protocol, an early web database search for CCSO Nameserver described by RFC 2378
• Poul Henningsen (1894–1967) Danish writer and designer referred to as PH in Denmark
• on maps, an abbreviation for a Public house

See also[link]

• phi, the Greek letter (φ)

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

This biographical article is written like a résumé. Please help improve it by revising it to be neutral and encyclopedic. (April 2011)

Jackson T. Katz^[2] (born May 7, 1960) is one of America’s leading anti-sexist activists, and experts on violence, media and masculinities.^[3] An author, filmmaker, educator and social theorist, Katz has worked in gender violence prevention work with diverse groups of men and boys in sports culture and the military, and his pioneering work in critical media literacy.^[4] As the creator and co-founder of the Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) program, he is a key architect of the ‘bystander approach’ to sexual and domestic violence prevention. His videos on the representation of men in media are widely used in the U.S. and around the world.^[5]

Background[link]

Katz is a former all-star high school football player^[6] who was raised in Swampscott, Massachusetts.^[7] The first man ever to minor in Women's studies at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst,^[8] Katz holds a Master's degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Education, and a Ph.D. in cultural studies and education from UCLA, where he studied with the philosopher and cultural studies scholar Douglas Kellner.^[9] A long-time collaborator of media literacy gurus Jean Kilbourne and Sut Jhally, Katz also mentored, advised, and still collaborates with filmmaker and masculinity educator, Byron Hurt.

Work[link]

From 1988 to 1998, Katz oversaw Real Men, a grass-roots organization that took charitable and educational action against sexism in Boston.^[10]

Katz co-founded Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) in 1993 at Northeastern University's Center for the Study of Sport in Society.^[11] MVP has been implemented by hundreds of Division 1, 2 and 3 college athletic programs, numerous NFL teams and Major League Baseball clubs (including the New England Patriots and Boston Red Sox), NASCAR, and the United States Marine Corps. It is the most widely used sexual and domestic violence prevention program in college and professional athletics today.

Through MVP Strategies, a company that Katz founded in 1997,^[12] he and his colleagues provide gender violence prevention training and materials to U.S. school districts, municipalities, human service programs, small and large corporations, law enforcement agencies, and military services.^[13]

Since 1990, Katz has lectured at over 1200 colleges, universities, public and private high schools, professional conferences and military installations in 47 states, five Canadian provinces and many other countries. He has appeared on a number of television programs including "Good Morning America," "The Oprah Winfrey Show"^[14] and "ABC News 20/20."^[15][16] He has conducted countless workshops, seminars, and trainings in the U.S. and Canada, as well as throughout Europe, and in Australia and Japan.

Katz also consults with educational institutions, non-profits, municipal, state and federal governments and corporations ranging from the World Health Organization to The Liz Claiborne Company about strategies to promote gender equality and prevent gender violence, gay-bashing and other forms of bullying behavior in schools, the workplace and in the larger society. In March 2000, Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen appointed Katz to the U.S. Secretary of Defense's Task Force on Domestic Violence in the Military,^[17] where he served from 2000-2003.^[18][19]

Katz currently is an expert consultant to the U.S. Air Force bystander intervention training and also acts as Director of the first global gender violence prevention program in the U.S. Marine Corps. Katz and his colleagues have also conducting trainings for the U.S. Army in Iraq, and MVP has been piloted around the world by the U.S. Navy.^[10]

Key Ideas[link]

The Bystander Approach[link]

Katz is one of the architects and theorists of the bystander approach to gender violence and bullying prevention.^[20] Instead of focusing on women as victims and men as perpetrators of harassment, abuse or violence, the bystander approach concentrates on the role of peers in schools, groups, teams, workplaces and other social units.^[21][22]

In 2009, after an alleged gang rape in Richmond, California where two dozen teenagers watched and did nothing, Newsweek online reported that, “a small but growing group of educators is trying to bring what’s called ‘bystander education’ to American schools. While sexual violence prevention programs have typically focused on the victim (discouraging women from walking alone at night, for example) or the perpetrator (reiterating the fact that no means no), the bystander approach emphasizes the role witnesses can play in either supporting or challenging violence.”^[20]

Katz and his colleagues developed one of the first bystander initiatives, the mixed-gender Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) program, in 1993 at Northeastern University’s Center for the Study of Sport in Society. “Most people think they only have two choices for intervention,” says Katz. “One is to intervene physically right at the point of attack, and the other is to do nothing. And that’s a false set of choices.” As part of the MVP program, students sit in a classroom and talk about the menu of options—from getting a group of friends together to calling 911—available to them. At the heart of the program is a set of scenarios that allow students to imagine what they might do in a variety of situations. Each scenario comes with a list of viable interventions for bystanders.^[20]

According to Newsweek, research is still needed to determine the effectiveness of bystander-awareness programs in schools, but the initial results are promising. One study found that after the Sioux City School District in Iowa implemented the MVP program, the number of freshman boys who said they could help prevent violence against women and girls increased by 50 percent.^[20]

The bystander programs that have proliferated in recent years on college and high school campuses and in the U.S. military involve both sexes and draw from various violence prevention theories and educational practices. The MVP model was influenced by basic tenets of social justice education. This approach is partly based on the premise that men’s silence in the face of other men’s abusive or violent behavior gives “implicit consent” to such behavior.^[21][23]

The MVP bystander approach frames men’s abuse of women as a societal problem whose roots lie in the institutional structures and cultural practices of a male-dominated society. [24] Thus, the MVP approach emphasizes changing social norms as the key to prevention.^[21][23] By challenging men to speak up and “[change] group dynamics in male peer culture,”^[24] this bystander model empowers men to step outside of the victim/perpetrator binary^[25] and gives men an opportunity to talk about some of the “dynamics of their interpersonal and group interaction in a safe space.”^[26]

Media Literacy and Masculinities[link]

In his writings, public lectures, and films, Katz argues that gendered understandings and behavior in every arena from interpersonal relationships to the workplace and even politics are influenced by media and popular culture.^{[27][28][29][30][31]} Focusing on normative portrayals of men in advertising, television, Hollywood films, the entertainment industries, sports, and politics, Katz calls for an examination of “the poses we strike and the images of masculinity that proliferate in media culture”^[32][33] as a way to “illuminate…what’s going on in individual men’s lives, and in our culture as a whole.”^[34]

Katz further maintains that in spite of variability due to such categories as class, race and ethnicity, “violence in America is overwhelmingly a gendered phenomenon,” shaped by “cultural codes and ideals of masculinity and manhood.”^[35] He argues that “masculinity” and “femininity” are socially constructed categories, and thus the “disturbing equation of masculinity with pathological control and violence” that currently exists in America is not genetically predetermined and can be changed.”^[36] In the “Tough Guise” study guide, co-written with the video producer Jeremy Earp of the Media Education Foundation, Katz underscores his motivation for promoting media literacy: “By looking critically at how institutions – from media outlets to political institutions to our schools – often play a role in reinforcing constricted, regressive notions of manhood that maintain an unacceptably violent status quo, we might begin to clear some space for individuals, male and female, to live freer lives.”^[36]

Katz collaborated with the feminist media literacy pioneer Jean Kilbourne on “Spin the Bottle: sex, lies and alcohol,” a video produced by Ronit Ridberg that examines media representations of gender and sexuality in beer commercials, Hollywood films and other media. He also collaborated with Media Education Foundation founder Sut Jhally on “Wrestling With Manhood,” a video that analyzes the gender and sexual politics of professional wrestling.

Cultural Studies Analysis of Presidential Masculinities[link]

Katz’s work on images of masculinity in media extends to his examination of “a crucial but barely explored topic of cultural studies analysis: the role of media culture in the construction of presidential masculinity.”^[36] Katz posits that “media have become the single most important source of political information and persuasion,” and that “education for democracy in this era requires citizens to be media literate.”^[37]

According to Katz, part of being politically media literate means understanding how gender functions as a sub-textual force in presidential politics. He asks questions such as “how does the perceived ‘manliness’ or ‘toughness’ of political candidates affect their electoral success? To what degree is the gender gap in presidential politics affected by men’s gendered identities and sense of themselves as men, which itself is reinforced by media discourses and portrayals? How does paid political advertising on television – by far the biggest expenditure of funds in presidential campaigns – shape voters’ perceptions of the relative ‘manliness’ of candidates? What are the similarities and differences between how women and men ascertain whether male political figures measure up to the ‘masculine ideal’ that is circulating in media culture at a given historical moment? Which mediated (white) masculine styles or archetypes have been politically successful over the past fifty years, and why?”^[38]

In an article about the Barack Obama-Hillary Clinton race for the Democratic presidential nomination in 2008, Katz responded to pundits and other political observers who decried the media focus on race and gender when other crucial issues loomed. “Presidential elections are always about race and gender. The reason people are talking about them now is that a black man and a (white) woman are serious contenders for a major party nomination. Their success is making visible what historically has been hidden in plain sight.”^[38]

“Campaigns for the U.S. presidency in the era of mass media,” he wrote, “always turn on the personality and style of candidates, their skills at televisual performance, their race and gender, and how all of these interact with questions of national identity at a given historical moment. The biggest difference this time is that the Democratic nominee will not embody and hence reinforce the dominant position of white masculinity in the race/gender system.”^[39]

Katz further maintained that, “Presidential contests until now have been contests between men. Men were the gender that mattered. No matter how qualified by intelligence, leadership ability or experience, women were not seriously considered for the top job in government, and everyone knew it. Their gender prevented people from seeing them as ‘presidential.’ If there is one thing that truly represents ‘change’ in this historic election season it is the change in what it means to appear ‘presidential.’ In the past, whether a candidate was a Republican or Democrat, conservative, centrist or liberal, their race and gender were predetermined. They were inevitably – and invariably – white and a man.”^[39]

For Katz, violence also plays an important role in shaping political discourse and in the voters’ choice of whom to support for president. “How much of the white male vote is determined by impressions about the relative ‘manliness’ or ‘toughness’ of candidates or political parties hasn’t been quantified,” Katz writes. “But there is no doubt that for several decades violence—both our individual and collective vulnerability to it, and questions about when and how to use the violent power of the state to protect the ‘national interest’— has been an ominous and omnipresent factor in numerous foreign policy and domestic political issues (e.g. the Cold War, Vietnam, the ‘War on Terror,’ and the invasion of Iraq, as well as gun control, and executive, legislative and judicial responses to violent crime).”^[39]

In several articles Katz analyzes and comments on “the pervasive use of sports metaphors in presidential discourse and how the language of sport functions to construct a masculine ideal for leadership at the heights of political power.”^[40] He points out that “the two most ‘metaphorically influential’ sports in presidential campaign rhetoric are boxing and football…not coincidentally, both are violent sports that attract a disproportionate percentage of male participants and fans.”^[41][42]

“The frequent use of boxing and football metaphors in political discourse did not cause violence to become an important force in our politics, but this usage is one measure of how presidential campaigns in the mass media era are less about policy differences and complex political agendas than they are about the selling of a certain kind of executive masculinity, embodied until the historic 2008 election in a particular white man whom the public comes to know largely through television and other technologies of mass communication.”^[43]

Katz also comments on implications for female candidates. He writes, “One of 2008 Republican vice-presidential nominee Sarah Palin’s most-quoted lines on the campaign trail in the fall of 2008 was ‘The heels are on, the gloves are off,’ which she typically delivered to wild cheers of approval. In coming years, when this historic campaign and those yet to come are analyzed, it will be particularly interesting to see how female and male voters respond to language where a woman throws the ‘knockout punch.’ Does this masculinize and thus help to make them more credible as potential commanders-in-chief? Or do women who are seen as “too-aggressive” – even if only in a metaphorical sense – turn voters off? What are the differences between how the sexes view a woman ‘throwing punches’ if she’s a conservative (like Palin) or a liberal feminist (like Hillary Clinton?).”^[44]

Documentaries[link]

Katz is the creator and co-creator of award-winning educational videos for high school and college students, all produced and distributed by the Media Education Foundation:

• Tough Guise: Men, Violence and the Crisis in Masculinity (with Sut Jhally) (1999) (trailer). Named one of the Top Ten Young Adult Videos for 2000 by the American Library Association
• Wrestling with Manhood: Boys, Bullying & Battering (with Sut Jhally) (2002) (trailer).
• Spin the Bottle: Sex, Lies, and Alcohol, (with Jean Kilbourne) (2004) (trailer).

He is also featured in numerous documentaries such as Byron Hurt’s “Hip Hop: Beyond Beats and Rhymes” (2007) (trailer) Thomas Keith’s “Generation M: Misogyny in Media and Culture” (2008) (trailer), and Jennifer Siebel Newsom's "Miss Representation" (2011).

Writings[link]

As a social theorist and independent scholar/journalist, Katz has published many articles in academic journals, anthologies, and text readers. His pieces cover topics such as the intersections of race and gender in the representation of masculinity, advertising, secondary educational leadership, right-wing talk radio, Mel Gibson, athletes and gender violence, media discourse about violence, masculinities and violence, presidential masculinities, and Jewish masculinity.

Katz’s book, The Macho Paradox: Why Some Men Hurt Women and How All Men Can Help, (2006), ISBN 978-1-4022-0401-2 ISBN 1-4022-0401-9, was published by Sourcebooks in 2006.

Katz currently blogs for the Huffington Post.

Awards & Honors[link]

• Keynote at Rio Global Symposium to Engage Men in Gender Equality and Gender Violence Prevention (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2009)
• 21 Leaders for the 21st Century, Women’s e-News (New York City, NY, 2008)
• Challenge and Change Award, Men’s Resource Center for Change (Amherst, MA, 2007)
• Violence Prevention/Humanitarian Award, Los Angeles Commission on Assaults Against Women (Los Angeles, CA, 2005)
• Lifetime Achievement Award, San Diego Domestic Violence Council (San Diego, CA, 2002)

References[link]

External links[link]

• “10 Things Men Can Do to Prevent Gender Violence”
• Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence 2001 Report
• Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence 2002 Report
• Defense Task Force on Domestic Violence 2003 Report
• Jackson Katz's web page
• Jackson Katz on the Internet Movie Database
• Jackson Katz at The Huffington Post
• Mentors In Violence Prevention (MVP) at the Center for the Study of Sport in Society at Northeastern University

John Hagelin
Born	John Samuel Hagelin (1954-06-09) June 9, 1954 (age 58) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Residence	Fairfield, Iowa, USA
Education	Ph.D. Harvard University, 1981
Alma mater	Dartmouth College, Harvard University
Occupation	Professor
Employer	Maharishi University of Management, US Peace Government
Known for	Three-time candidate for U.S. President, physicist, and administrator
Title	Raja of Invincible America, President of the US Peace Government, and others
Political party	Natural Law Party
Spouse	Margaret (1985–1993) divorced Kara Anastasio (2010)[1]
Awards	Kilby, Ig Nobel
Website
http://www.hagelin.org

John Samuel Hagelin (born June 9, 1954) is an American particle physicist, three-time candidate of the Natural Law Party for President of the United States (1992, 1996, and 2000), and the director of the Transcendental Meditation movement for the US.^[2]

Hagelin was a researcher at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) and the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), and is now Professor of Physics and Director of the Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy at Maharishi University of Management. He has conducted research into unified field theory and the Maharishi Effect.

Hagelin was appointed Raja of Invincible America by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and is also President of the US Peace Government. He is Executive Director of the International Center for Invincible Defense, Executive Director of the Global Financial Capital of New York,^[3] Executive Director of the Center for Leadership Performance,^[4] Director of the Board of Advisors for the David Lynch Foundation,^[5] Honorary Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Maharishi University of Management,^[6] and International Director of the Global Union of Scientists for Peace.^[7]

Early life and education[link]

John Samuel Hagelin was born June 9, 1954, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.^[8]As a child, he played sports, but also was an accomplished piano student.^[9] Hagelin had a "genius IQ",^[10] winning a scholarship to Taft School for boys, where he received a perfect score of 165 on a school-administered IQ test. According to Neil Dickie of The Iowa Source he "(...) was also a dare-devil".^[9] In 1970, while at Taft, he was involved in a motorcycle crash that led to hospitalization and a full body cast. During this time, one of his teachers introduced him to quantum mechanics, and he also learned the Transcendental Meditation technique, both of which had major impacts on his life.^[9][11]

Hagelin later graduated from Taft and attended Dartmouth College on a scholarship. After his freshman year, a continued interest in Transcendental Meditation led him to Vittel, France, where he become a qualified teacher of the Transcendental Meditation technique. While at Dartmouth, he earned an undergraduate degree in physics in three years with highest honors (summa cum laude). He also co-authored and published papers in physics research and won a fellowship to study physics at Harvard. While at Harvard, Hagelin worked under the noted physicists Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow, best known for their work in Grand Unification theory (GUT). He received a Master's degree from Harvard in 1976, and a Ph.D. from Harvard in 1981.

Professional careers[link]

Scientist and academic[link]

By the time Hagelin had received his Ph.D. from Harvard, he had already published "several serious papers" on particle theory.^[12] In 1981, Hagelin won a postdoctoral research appointment at CERN (the European Center for Particle Physics) in Switzerland, and in 1983 was recruited by SLAC (the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center), CERN's North American counterpart.^[9]

In 1984, Hagelin shifted his appointment from SLAC to Maharishi International University (MIU), where he continued his research in physics, pursued a long-time interest in brain and cognitive science research, and established an accredited doctoral program in theoretical physics.^[13] Hagelin's move to MIU in 1984 surprised and puzzled his colleagues.^[9] Howard Georgi and John Ellis tried to talk him out of it. But, according to Georgi, Hagelin "continued to do good physics anyway."^[9] Nobel Laureate, Sheldon Glashow was quoted in a 1992 article as saying, "His papers are outstanding. We read them before he went to MIU and we read them now."^[9] Hagelin remained in contact with colleagues from Harvard, Stanford, and CERN, and continued to collaborate with them. While at MIU, his contributions to the field of theoretical physics were supported by funding from the National Science Foundation.^[9]

Hagelin is a Professor of Physics at Maharishi University of Management (formerly MIU).^[14] Hagelin is also the Founding President of Maharishi Central University,^[15][16] which was under construction in Smith Center, Kansas until early 2008, when, according to Hagelin, the project was put on hold while the TM organization dealt with the death of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.^[17]

Theoretical physics research[link]

During his time at CERN, SLAC and Maharishi University of Management (MUM), Hagelin worked on supersymmetric extensions of the standard model and grand unification theories.^[12] In the years 1979-1996, Hagelin collaborated with many leading of the figures in that field and published more than 70 papers in the fields of particle physics, electroweak unification, grand unification, supersymmetry, and cosmology, most of them in prestigious scientific journals.^[12][18][12] This includes his work on the "flipped SU(5), heterotic superstring theory" that is considered one of the more successful unified field theories or "theories of everything" and was highlighted in a cover story in Discover magazine.^[19]

Hagelin co-authored a 1983 paper entitled "Weak symmetry breaking by radiative corrections in broken supergravity",^[20] which is included in a list of the 103 articles in the physical sciences that were cited the most times during the years 1983 and 1984.^[21] A 1984 study titled "Supersymmetric relics from the big bang", had been cited over 500 times as of 2007.^[22]

Critics of Hagelin have included physicist Peter Woit and journalist Christopher Andersen. Peter Woit in his book, Not Even Wrong: The Failure of String Theory and The Search for Unity In Physical Law, precedes his critical remarks on Hagelin's connection of superstring theory and consciosness by acknowledging that Hagelin had published papers in prestigious journals that would eventually be cited in over a hundred other papers.^[23] Christopher Anderson wrote in a 1992 news article in Nature that Hagelin, co-developer of one of the "better-accepted" unified field theories known as the Flipped SU(5) model, "is by all accounts a gifted researcher well known and respected by his colleagues".^[24]

Research on consciousness and the unified field[link]

In 1987 and 1989, Hagelin published two papers in the Maharishi University of Management's Journal of Modern Science and Vedic Science on the relationship between physics and consciousness.^[25][26] These papers discuss the Vedic understanding of consciousness as a field and compares it with theories of the unified field derived by modern physics. Hagelin argues that these two fields have almost identical properties and quantitative structure, and he presents other theoretical and empirical arguments that the two fields are actually one and the same — specifically, that the experience of unity at the basis of the mind achieved during the meditative state is the subjective experience of the very same fundamental unity of existence revealed by unified field theories.^[25]

Research on the Maharishi Effect[link]

As evidence for this explanation, Hagelin points to the body of research supporting the positive effects created by Transcendental Meditation and the more advanced TM-Sidhi program (which includes a practice called "Yogic Flying"). Both are said to have measurable effects on social trend parameters, a phenomenon called the "Maharishi Effect". Hagelin cites numerous studies of such effects, and in the summer of 1993, he conducted a large scale study of the same type. Approximately 4,000 TM-Sidhi program practitioners gathered in Washington, D.C., where they practiced the TM-Sidhi techniques twice daily in a group for several weeks. Using data obtained from the District of Columbia Metropolitan Police Department for 1993 and the preceding five years (1988–1992), Hagelin and collaborators followed the changes in crime rates for the area before, during, and after the 6 weeks when the group was gathered in Washington, D.C.^[27] In 1999, the study, which controlled for effects of temperature changes and showed a highly statistically significant drop in crime, was published in Social Indicators Research.^[28] During the eight weeks of the study, the overall level of violent crime (homicides, rapes, and assaults) decreased by 23%, with rapes declining by 58%. Homicides averaged 10 a week during the study—the same as in the weeks preceding and following the study. For most of the eight weeks of the study the homicide rate declined, but gang fighting resulted in ten murders in a 36 hour period. Robert L. Park, research professor and former chair of the Physics Department at the University of Maryland and well known skeptic of paranormal claims, dismissed the study as a "clinic in data manipulation" and accused Hagelin and his team of scientific misconduct.^[29][30] Maxwell Rainforth, Assistant Professor of Physiology and Health and Statistics at Maharishi University of Management and a coauthor of the Washington, D.C. study, characterized Park's criticisms of the study as "superficial, highly polemical" and "willfully misleading".^[31]

Reception of Hagelin's connection of unified field of physics to the Maharishi Effect[link]

Hagelin's interest in the connection between quantum physics and the Maharishi Effect has been discussed by both colleagues and critics. Hagelin was invited to be a plenary speaker at the 2007 Quantum Mind conference in Salzburg, Austria, organized by Stuart Hameroff (University of Arizona) and Gustav Bernroider (University of Salzburg). Hagelin was a featured scientist in the popular movies, What the Bleep Do We Know!?,^[32] What the Bleep? Down the Rabbit Hole (2006)^[33] and The Secret,^[34] which renewed interest in the quantum mind paradigm.^[35] Science writer Simon Singh questioned the credibility and motives of the interviewees in the film, and advised against seeing What the Bleep Do We Know!? as it would leave viewers misinformed.^[32]

Both Woit and Anderson have commented critically on Hagelin's interest in and publications on consciousness research. Woit says identifying a unified field of consciousness with a unified field of superstring theory is wishful thinking. He also asserts that most physicists think Hagelin's views are nonsense.^[23] Anderson says Hagelin's investigations into how the extension of grand unified theories of physics to human consciousness could explain the way Transcendental Meditation is said to influence world events "disturbs many researchers" and "infuriates his former collaborators."^[24] Dallas Observer political reporter Jonathan Fox wrote that "Once considered a top scientist, Hagelin's former academic peers ostracized him after the candidate attempted to shoehorn Eastern metaphysical musings into the realm of quantum physics."^[36] According to Woit, Hagelin began connecting consciousness and the unified field in the late 1970s as a Ph.D. student at Harvard. Hagelin's collaborative work in particle physics continued until 1994.^[37] Anderson says that John Ellis, director of CERN, was worried about guilt by association. Anderson quotes Ellis as saying "I was afraid that people might regard [Hagelin's assertions] as rather flaky, and that might rub off on the theory or on us."^[24]

Hagelin's linkage of quantum mechanics and unified field theory with consciousness was critiqued by University of Iowa philosophy and sociology professors Evan Fales and Barry Markovsky in 1997, in the journal Social Forces. They wrote that Hagelin's equating consciousness with the unified field relies on a similarity between quantum mechanical properties of fields and consciousness, and that his arguments rely on ambiguity and obscurity in characterizing these properties. They dismiss Hagelin's parallels between the Vedas and contemporary unified field theories as a reliance on ambiguity and vague analogy supported by constructing arbitrary similarities.^[38] David Orme-Johnson and Robert Oates, retired colleagues of Hagelin from MUM, replied to this critique in the Journal of Scientific Exploration and said, in part, that Fales' and Markovsky's accusation of "vagueness" and "ambiguity" on Hagelin's part are in themselves vague and ambiguous and that there is no standard against which they can be evaluated.^[39]

Entrepreneur[link]

In 1990, Hagelin founded Enlightened Audio Designs Corporation (EAD) with electronics engineer Alastair Roxburgh.^[40] As President and Director of Research of EAD, Hagelin designed and manufactured high-end digital-to-analog (D-to-A) converters that were critically acclaimed.^[41] In 1995, EAD was the first company in the world to develop and commercialize home theater surround-sound processors incorporating multi-channel digital surround-sound technologies, such as Dolby Digital and DTS.^[40] In 2001, EAD Corporation was sold to the Oregon-based company Alpha Digital Technologies.^[40][42]

Politician[link]

Natural Law Party[link]

The Natural Law Party (NLP) was founded in 1992 in Fairfield, Iowa by Hagelin and a group of 12 educators, scientists, business leaders, and other professionals who desired a more scientific approach to national administration that would promote field-tested solutions to the nation's problems.^[43][44] The party platform included preventive health care, sustainable agriculture and renewable energy technologies. During his campaigns, Hagelin favored abortion rights without public financing, campaign-finance law reform and improved gun control. He proposed a flat tax with no tax for families earning less than $34,000 a year.^[45] Hagelin also campaigned to eradicate PACs and soft money campaign contributions and advocated safety locks on guns. He endorsed school vouchers and efforts to prevent war in the Middle East by reducing "people's tension".^[11] In a letter to presidential candidate Bill Clinton, Hagelin accepted Clinton's offer to debate "any serious candidate" and informed Clinton and Bush that the "Natural Law Party does not participate in negative campaigning."^[46]

The party chose Hagelin and Michael Tompkins as its presidential and vice-presidential candidates in 1992 and 1996.^[47] In 1996, Hagelin was on the ballot in 44 states as a presidential candidate.^[48]

Hagelin ran for President again in the 2000 Presidential election, being nominated both by the NLP and by the Perot wing of the Reform Party, which disputed the nomination of Pat Buchanan.^[49] Hagelin's running mate in the 2000 election was Nat Goldhaber.^[50]

A dispute over the Reform Party's nomination generated "legal action" between the Hagelin and Buchanan campaigns. In September 2000, the Federal Election Commission ruled that Buchanan was the official candidate of the Reform Party, and hence, was eligible to receive federal election funds.^[45][50] As part of the ruling, the Reform Party convention that nominated Hagelin was declared invalid.^[51] In spite of the ruling, Hagelin remained on several state ballots as the Reform Party nominee, due to the independent nature of various state affiliates. He also was the national nominee of the Natural Law Party, and in New York was the Independence Party nominee.^[50]

During his 2000 campaign, Hagelin appeared on ABC's Nightline (2000)^[52] and Politically Incorrect (2000),^[33][53] NBC's Meet the Press (2000),^[54] CNN's Larry King Live,^[55] PBS's News Hour with Jim Lehrer,^[56] Inside Politics, CNBC's Hardball with Chris Matthews, and C-SPAN's Washington Journal.^[57]

Hagelin's Presidential electoral results:

• 1992 - Ballot status in 32 states - 39,212 votes^[58]
• 1996 - Ballot status in 43 states - 113,659 votes^[58]
• 2000 - Ballot status in 39 states - 83,714 votes^[59]

In the middle of the 2000 campaign, Hagelin said that having the party's principles reach the "marketplace of ideas" and be co-opted by the Democrats and Republicans would be a victory.^[60]

In April 2004, the U.S. Natural Law Party officially disbanded its national organization, although a few state parties may still be active.^{[citation needed]} In the 2004 primary elections, Hagelin and the Natural Law Party endorsed Democratic candidate Dennis Kucinich.^[61][62]

Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy[link]

Hagelin is the Director of the Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy, a think tank at Maharishi University of Management.^[14][63] According to their website, he has met with members of Congress and officials at the Department of State, and the Department of Defense on the issue of terrorism.^[64][65]

Hagelin helped to write a paragraph in Hillary Rodham Clinton's 10,000-page health proposal. He says that it was the only paragraph in the document that concerned health and preventive care.^[60]

In 1998, Hagelin gave testimony to the National Institutes of Health, DNA Advisory Committee on germ-line technologies, stating that recombinant DNA technology is inherently risky because of the high probability of unexpected side-effects.^[66][67]

Hagelin moderated a panel on stress at a June 3, 1999 Congressional Prevention Coalition caucus.^{[68][69][70][71][72]}

US Peace Government and Invincible America[link]

The American Bank Note Company Building in Lower Manhattan, former headquarters of the Center for Leadership Performance. When traveling to New York City, John Hagelin resided in one of the luxury apartments on its upper floors.^[73]

Hagelin established the US Peace Government (USPG) on July 4, 2003,^[74] as an affiliate of the Global Country of World Peace. The US Peace Government and the Global Country of World Peace were created to promote evidence-based and sustainable solutions as well as policies of governance that are aligned with Natural Law.^[75] As president of the USPG,^[75] Hagelin presides over a national assembly of USPG state representatives or governors, who in turn preside over US Peace Government assemblies and capital buildings in their respective states.^[75] The USPG announced plans to build a national capital in Washington Township, Smith County, Kansas, near the geographic center of America.^[76] The offices for the U.S. Peace Government are located in Maharishi Vedic City, Iowa,^[77] and the office of the President was at The Jefferson hotel, Washington, D.C. in 2004.^[78][78]

Hagelin is the founder and International Director of the Global Union of Scientists for Peace, an international organization of prominent scientists opposed to nuclear proliferation and war.^[79][80]

Maharishi Mahesh Yogi appointed Hagelin as the "Raja of Invincible America" on November 19, 2007. Hagelin organized the Invincible America Assembly in Fairfield, Iowa which began in July 2006. The assembly consists of a group of individuals practicing the Transcendental Meditation and the TM-Sidhi techniques in a group, twice daily. Hagelin stated in a press release announcing the project that "for the United States, with a population of just over 300 million, the required number of peace-creating experts is 1,730".^[81] According to the Global Good News website "on 28 November 2006, the United States achieved invincibility and is stabilizing the number of Yogic Flyers—rising from 1,600 to 1,730—assembled at the Invincible America Assembly in Fairfield, Iowa".^[82] In addition, Hagelin's Institute for Science Technology and Public Policy web site says that the Invincible America Assembly in Iowa "is rising quickly toward its target of 2,500".^[83]

In July, 2007, Hagelin predicted that when the number of assembly participants reached 2,500, which he said would happen within a year, America would have a major drop in crime, and see the virtual elimination of all major social and political woes in the United States.^[84] Hagelin said that the Assembly was responsible for the Dow Jones Industrial Average reaching a record high of 14,022 earlier that month, and predicted that the Dow would top 17,000 within a year.^[84][85]

Awards[link]

In 1992, Hagelin was honored with a Kilby International Award which "recognizes scientists who have made major contributions to society through their applied research in the fields of science and technology".^[43] The award was given for his work in particle physics leading to the development of supersymmetric grand unified field theories, for his innovative applications of advanced principles from control systems theory and optimization theory to digital sound reproduction, and for his research on human consciousness.^[86] Chris Anderson questioned the value of the award in an article about Hagelin published in Nature.^[24]

In 1994, Hagelin received the Ig Nobel Prize for Peace, an annual parody award presented at Harvard University which "honor[s] achievements that first make people laugh and then make them think".^[87] The Master of ceremony and award's founder Mark Abrahams called it the world's most "(un)coveted award for achievements that cannot or should not be reproduced" which are given to "honor the world's largely overlooked scientists and other contributors to modern culture, who bring smiles and guffaws to others, whether intentional or not."^[88][89] Hagelin received the prize for his "experimental conclusion that 4,000 trained meditators caused an 18 percent decrease in violent crime in Washington, D.C."^[90]

Personal life[link]

Hagelin was married to Margaret Cowhig, his first wife^[91] from 1985 to 1993.^[43][92] In 2010, Hagelin married Kara Anastasio, the former vice-chair of the Natural Law Party of Ohio who made an unsuccessful bid for the U.S. Rep. in 2004. ^[93][1]The couple lives in Fairfield, Iowa with their son Brecon.

Books[link]

• Manual for a perfect government : how to harness the laws of nature to bring maximum success to governmental administration. Fairfield, Iowa: Maharishi University of Management. 1998. OCLC 39366340. 

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Hagelin, J.S. Manual for a Perfect Government: How to Harness the Laws of Nature to Bring Maximum Success to Governmental Administration. Maharishi University of Management Press, 1998.
• Freedman, David H: The new theory of everything. Discover, 1991, pp 54–61.
• Hagelin, J: Is consciousness the unified field? A field theorist's perspective. Modern Science and Vedic Science 1, 1987, pp 29–87.
• Hagelin, JS: Restructuring physics from its foundation in light of Maharishi's Vedic Science. Modern Science and Vedic Science 3, 1989, pp 3–72.

External links[link]

• Official site
• MUM Faculty
• PBS Bio
• Invincible America Assembly daily tally
• Political Platform
• PBS Interview, 2000
• LA Yoga Interview 2006