Gozo

Native name: Għawdex Nickname: Isle of Calypso
Map of Maltese islands highlighting Gozo
Gozo (off the coast of Italy)
Geography
Location	south of Sicily, Mediterranean Sea
Coordinates	36°03′N 14°15′E / 36.05°N 14.25°E / 36.05; 14.25
Archipelago	Maltese islands
Area	67 km2 (25.9 sq mi)
Length	14 km (8.7 mi)
Width	7.25 km (4.505 mi)
Country
Malta
Largest city	Victoria (pop. 6,414)
Demographics
Population	31,053
Density	463.48 /km2 (1,200.41 /sq mi)
Ethnic groups	Maltese people

Gozo (Maltese: Għawdex) is a small island of the Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of the Southern European country of Malta; after the island of Malta itself, it is the second-largest island in the archipelago. Compared to its southeastern neighbour, Gozo is more rural and known for its scenic hills, which are featured on its coat of arms.^[1]

The island of Gozo has long been identified as Ogygia, the domain of the nymph Calypso in Homer's Odyssey. Calypso, possessed of great supernatural powers, holds Odysseus captive for a number of years because of her love for him before releasing him to continue his journey home.^[2]

The island itself has a population of around 31,000 people (all of Malta combined has 402,000), and its inhabitants are known as Gozitans (Maltese: Għawdxin). It is rich in historical locations such as the Ġgantija temples which, along with the Megalithic Temples of Malta, are the world's oldest free-standing structures and also among the world's oldest religious structures.^[3]

For such a small island, Gozo has a high concentration of churches (22 in all). The Xewkija church has a capacity of 3000, enough for the entire population of Xewkija village, its dome is larger than that of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. The church bells are rung daily for the canonical hours Matins, Lauds, Terce, Sext, None and vespers.

History[link]

Gozo has been inhabited since 5000 BC, when farmers from nearby Sicily crossed the sea to the island.^[4] Due to similar pottery found in both places from the Għar Dalam phase, it has been suggested that the first colonists were specifically from the area of Agrigento; however, it is currently indeterminate exactly which part of Sicily the farmers came from. They are thought to have first lived in caves on the outskirts of what is now known as Saint Lawrence.^[4]

Gozo was an important place for cultural evolution and during the neolithic period the Ġgantija temples were built; they are the world's oldest free-standing structures, as well as the world's oldest religious structures. The temples' name is Maltese for "belonging to the giants", because legend in Maltese and Gozitan folklore says the temples were built by giants. Another important Maltese archaeological site in Gozo, which dates back to the neolithic period, is the Xagħra Stone Circle. Also, native tradition and certain ancient Greek historians (notably Euhemerus and Callimachus) maintain that Gozo is in fact the island Homer described as Ogygia, home of the nymph Calypso.

In July 1551 Ottomans under Turgut Reis and Sinan Pasha invaded and ravaged Gozo and enslaved most of its inhabitants, about 5000, bringing them to Tarhuna Wa Msalata in Libya, their departure port in Gozo was Mġarr ix-Xini. The island of Gozo was repopulated between 1565 and 1580 by people from mainland Malta, undertaken by the Knights of Malta.^[5]

The history of Gozo is strongly coupled with the history of Malta, since Gozo has been governed by Malta throughout history, with the brief exception of a period of autonomy granted to Gozo by Napoleon after his conquest of Malta, between 28 October 1798 and 5 September 1800.

The Gozo Civic Council was set up as a statutory local Government in the island of Gozo on 14 April 1961^[6], the first experiment in civil local government in Malta since the French occupation of 1798-1800. The law authorised the Council to raise taxes, although it never actually made use of this power. In 1971 the Labour Party was voted into office. As its support in Gozo was weak and it favoured a more centralised administration it proposed a referendum on the abolishment of the Council putting emphasis on the unpopular possibility of it raising taxes. In the Gozo Civic Council referendum, 1973, the overwhelming majority of voters (76.97%) voting for the abolition of the Gozo Civic Council.

In the mid-1980s attempts were made to set up a Gozo committee, chaired by the Prime Minister and with the Gozitan Members of Parliament as members. However, it was only in 1987 that the Ministry of Gozo was set up (demoted to a Parliamentary Secretariat between 1996 and 1998). Local government in the Gozitan localities was restored with the introduction of Local councils in 1993 with Gozo having 14 councils.

Demography[link]

In 2005, the island had a population of 31,053, of whom 6,414 live in its capital Victoria, also known as Rabat. The crude birth rate was 7.93, considerably lower than that of 9.59 for Malta. The town with the highest birth rate is San Lawrenz (15.93) and that with the lowest is Xewkija (4.89).

Geography[link]

Gozo is 67 km² in size, which is approximately the same size as Manhattan. It lies approximately 6 km northwest of the nearest point of Malta, is of oval form, and is 14 km in length and 7.25 km in width.

Gozo is famed for its character and places of interest. Some of these include the Calypso cave and the Ġgantija Neolithic temples which are among the oldest surviving man-made structures.

Gozo's finest beaches are San Blas and the stunning Ramla Bay, with brilliant orange-red sand and clear turquoise waters.

Culture and traditions[link]

Gozo is also much known for carnival and during that weekend many Maltese people come all over from Malta to experience Gozo’s unique carnival especially in the village of Nadur. Many locals dress up in colourful and also outrageous costumes with the intention of not being recognised.^[7]

Feasts are also a very important tradition on the island with celebrations including fireworks and bands every weekend in the summer season.

A number of Maltese dishes or variants of these dishes are associated with Gozo.

Sport[link]

The island of Gozo also has its own national football team. Because it is a part of Malta and not a state on it own this team isn't official and thereby is on the N.F.-Board. Gozo F.C. play in the Maltese League, while a Gozo Football League is also maintained. Football on the island is managed by the Gozo Football Association.

In film[link]

Two days of shooting in Gozo's strong Mediterranean light provided shots used to represent the desolate surface of the alien planet in the 1981 British horror film Inseminoid (known in the U.S. as Horror Planet).

Parts of Episode 7 from Brideshead Revisited were recorded on the island.

Id-Dwejra is also one of the several filming locations in the Maltese Islands used for the HBO TV Series, Game of Thrones.

Connection to Malta Island[link]

Currently the island can be reached by ferry boat and by seaplane. Passenger and car ferries cross on a regular basis between the port of Mġarr on Gozo and Ċirkewwa on Malta. This service is used for goods, tourism and commuting (Gozitan students study at the University of Malta). Due to its frequent use, residents of Gozo are able to use the ferry at a subsidised rate, significantly lower than the standard fare. The sea plane operates from Valletta to Mgarr harbour. There was previously a helicopter service which connected the two, but this ceased in 2006.^[8]

The connection between the two islands is heavily used. Around 1.1 million cars travel on the current transport links per year, and many more foot passengers.^[9]

Several proposals have been made to construct a road link between Malta and Gozo. In 1972^[9] the newly elected Socialist Administration carried out a feasibility study which concluded that the building of a bridge between the two islands was possible but would have negative environmental effects. A tunnel was also considered but found to be too expensive at the time.^[10] An online poll by The Times of Malta in 2006 found that 55% of respondents supported a road link.^[11]

An airstrip on Gozo was proposed in the 1990s, but rejected for environmental reasons.^[10]

Ecclesiastical history[link]

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Gozo (in Latin Goulos-Gaudisiensis), comprises the Island of Gozo in the Mediterranean Sea (seventeen miles west of the harbour of Valletta, Malta) and islet of Comino. On a central plateau the Citadel fortifications contain the cathedral church and several public buildings. To the south of the castle lies the island's main town whose origins go back to prehistoric times. The town contains several public buildings the most important of which is St George's basilica. This magnificent basilica lies on the site where the earliest evidence of Christianity was discovered.

Up to the year 1864, Gozo formed part of the Diocese of Malta, but Pius IX, acceding to the repeated prayer of the clergy and the people, erected it into a separate exempt diocese, i.e. immediately subject to the Holy See. On 16 March 1863, Monsignor Francesco Michele Butigieg, a native of Gozo, was appointed titular Bishop of Lita and deputy auxiliary of the Archbishop-Bishop of Malta, for the Island of Gozo. He was consecrated at Rome on 3 May of the same year, on 22 September 1864, was created first bishop of the new Diocese of Gozo, and on the 23rd day of the following month made his solemn entry into the new cathedral. Through the efforts of Mgr. Pietro Pace, who was then vicar-general of the diocese, a diocesan seminary was established on the site formerly occupied by the San Giuliano Hospital, the revenues of which were appropriated to the new institution. This seminary was inaugurated 3 November 1866, and by the express desire of Pope Pius IX placed under the direction of the Jesuits.

On the death of Mgr. Butigieg, Father Micallef, Superior General of the Augustinian Order, was made Bishop of Città di Castello and appointed administrator of the Diocese of Gozo. He left Gozo in May, 1867, and in 1871 became Archbishop of Pisa. His successor to the administration of the diocese was Mgr. Antonio Grech Delicata, titular Bishop of Chalcedon, a native of Malta, who in 1868 was appointed Bishop of Gozo, and as such assisted at the First Vatican Council. Mgr. Grech Delicata's charity towards the poor went so far that he divested himself of his own patrimony. This worthy prelate died on the last day of the year 1876.

On 12 March 1877, Mgr. Canon Professor Pietro Pace, native of Gozo, was appointed to succeed Mgr. Grech Delicata, and was consecrated at Rome by Cardinal Howard. Under his administration the seminary was augmented by the installation of a meteorological observatory, which was inaugurated by the celebrated Padre Denza, Director of the Vatican Observatory. During this administration an episcopal educational institute for girls was also established, under the care of the Sisters of St. Vincent de Paul, to whom was also entrusted the direction of the annexed orphan asylum. The same bishop provided the diocese with a new episcopal palace and new monasteries, besides laying out large sums of money on the cathedral.

In 1889, Mgr. Pace was promoted Archbishop of Rhodes and Bishop of Malta. His successor in the See of Gozo was the Reverend G. M. Camilleri, O.S.A., a native of Valetta (b. 15 March 1842). Under Mgr. Camilleri's administration the first diocesan synod was celebrated, in October, 1903. This synod was of absolute necessity, as the diocese was still governed under the rules of the Synod of Malta of 1703, and consequently lacked a safe guide adapted to the times. Constitutions and decrees were also promulgated and published which gave new life to the working of the diocese.

The cathedral church of Gozo was built in 1697-1703, by Lorenzo Gafa. Its ground plan is in the form of a Latin cross. The Cathedral is also the annual pilgrimage site of the Grand Priory of the Mediterranean of the Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem. Its interior is adorned with fine paintings. The "Massagiere di Maria", an Italian periodical, is recognized in the Diocese of Gozo as the official organ of the sanctuary of the Bl. Virgin ta Pinu.

Currently the Bishop of Gozo is Mgr. Mario Grech.

Villages in Gozo[link]

• Fontana
• Għajnsielem
• Għarb
• Għasri
• Kerċem ( Ta' Kerċem)
• Marsalforn
• Mgarr
• Munxar
• Nadur
• Qala
• San Lawrenz
• Sannat ( Ta' Sannat)
• Victoria ( Ir-Rabat)
• Xagħra
• Xewkija
• Żebbuġ

Notable features[link]

• Santwarju tal-Madonna ta' Pinu
• Inland Sea
• Fungus Rock
• Azure Window
• Ramla Bay
• Fontana Springs
• Gozo FA

References[link]

External links[link]

Malta portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gozo

• Gozo diocese
• Gozo Regional CommitteeAlternattiva Demokratika
• Gozo Eco and Agro Experiences/Tourism Ager Foundation
• Maltese Ministry for Gozo
• Gozo Business Chamber
• Guide and community portal
• Guide to the churches of Gozo
• Gozo information
• PhotoGlobe: Gozo Collection of commented photos together with GPS-based coordinates
• Gozo photo galleries and webcam
• Grand Priory of the Mediterranean
• Gozo and Comino on GuidetoMalta.net
• Jobs in Gozo on Careerjet

v t e Islands of Malta Malta Island (Malta) Gozo (Għawdex) Comino (Kemmuna) Cominotto (Kemmunett) Delimara Island (Sikka ta' Delimara) Filfla (Filfla) St Paul's Island (Il-Gżejjer ta' San Pawl) Manoel Island (Il-Gżira Manwel) Fungus Rock (Il-Ġebla tal-Ġeneral)

v t e Local councils of Malta and Gozo (Il-Kunsilli Lokali ta' Malta u Għawdex) Malta Island (Malta) Ħ'Attard Ħal Balzan Il-Birgu (Città Vittoriosa) Birkirkara Birżebbuġa Bormla (Città Cospicua) Ħad-Dingli Il-Fgura Il-Furjana (Floriana) Ħal Għargħur Ħal Għaxaq Il-Gudja Il-Gżira Il-Ħamrun L-Iklin L-Isla (Senglea, Città Invicta) Il-Kalkara Ħal Kirkop Ħal Lija Ħal Luqa Il-Marsa Marsaskala (Wied il-Għajn) Marsaxlokk L-Imdina (Città Notabile) Il-Mellieħa L-Imġarr Il-Mosta L-Imqabba L-Imsida L-Imtarfa In-Naxxar Raħal Ġdid (Paola) Pembroke Tal-Pietà Ħal Qormi Il-Qrendi Ir-Rabat Ħal Safi San Ġiljan San Ġwann San Pawl il-Baħar Santa Luċija Santa Venera Is-Siġġiewi (Città Ferdinand) Tas-Sliema Is-Swieqi Ħal Tarxien Ta' Xbiex Valletta (Città Umilissima) Ix-Xgħajra Ħaż-Żabbar (Città Hompesch) Ħaż-Żebbuġ (Città Rohan) Iż-Żejtun (Città Beland) Iż-Żurrieq Malta Island (Malta Hamlets) Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq Il-Baħrija Bubaqra Burmarrad Fleur-de-Lys Gwardamanġa Ħal Farruġ Il-Kappara Il-Madliena Paceville St. Peter's Is-Swatar Tal-Virtù Gozo Island (Għawdex) Il-Fontana (It-Triq tal-Għajn) Għajnsielem L-Għarb L-Għasri Ta' Kerċem Il-Munxar In-Nadur Il-Qala San Lawrenz Ta' Sannat Ir-Rabat, Għawdex (Victoria) Ix-Xagħra Ix-Xewkija Iż-Żebbuġ Gozo Hamlets (Għawdex) Marsalforn Santa Luċija Ix-Xlendi

Coordinates: 36°03′N 14°15′E / 36.05°N 14.25°E / 36.05; 14.25

Gozo Shioda (塩田 剛三, Shioda Gōzō^?, September 9, 1915 – July 17, 1994) was a Japanese master of aikido who founded the Yoshinkan style of aikido.^[1][2] He was one of aikido founder Morihei Ueshiba's most senior students.^{[2][3][4][5][6]} Shioda held the rank of 10th dan in aikido.^[1]

Early life[link]

Shioda was born on September 9, 1915, in Shinjuku, Tokyo.^[1][2][3] His father was Seiichi Shioda, a physician^[1] who also taught judo and kendo.^[4] Shioda was a weak child, and reportedly credited his survival to his father's pediatric skills.^[7] While still at school, Shioda trained in judo, attaining the rank of 3rd dan before completing secondary school.^[2][3] He also trained in kendo during his youth.^[8]

Aikido career[link]

Shioda began training under the founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba, in 1932.^[1] His training as an uchi-deshi (live-in student) under Ueshiba continued for eight years.^{[1][4][9][10]} Shioda was a small man, standing at around 5' 1" to 5' 2" (155–157 cm) and weighing around 102 lb. to 108 lb. (46–49 kg).^[2][3]

Shioda graduated from Takushoku University in 1941, and was posted to administrative positions in China, Taiwan, and Borneo during World War II.^[1] In one incident in China,^[11] he was drinking in a bar with an army friend in Shanghai when the friend got into an argument with a local gang member. Three of his fellow gang members came to his assistance. Shioda and his friend were cornered by the gang. In the ensuing fight, Shioda broke the leg of one of the gang members, the arm of another, and stopped another by punching him in the stomach, all using his aikido skills.^[11] Shioda later described this incident as his 'aikido enlightenment' and wrote that one could only truly appreciate what aikido was about once one had used it in a life-or-death situation.^[11]

Shioda returned to Japan in 1946 and spent several months trying to locate his family on Kyushu.^[3] He rejoined Ueshiba for a month of intensive training, but was forced to dedicate the next few years to earning a living in post-war Japan.^[3] He began teaching aikido in 1950.^[1] That year, he taught for the company Nihon Kokan at the Asano Shipyards in Yokohama.^[3] In 1954, he entered the All Japan Kobudo demonstration, and won the prize for the most outstanding demonstration.^[1] This marked a turning point for the growth of aikido. Shioda's performance attracted sponsorship that enabled him to build an aikido dojo (training hall).^[7]

Two years after establishing the Yoshinkan style of aikido, Shioda began a close working association with the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department

In 1955, Shioda founded the Yoshinkan style of aikido,^[1] which emphasizes self-defense applications.^[12] The name "Yoshinkan" was the name Shioda's father had used for his own judo dojo.^[13] According to biographer Stanley Pranin, this separation from his master's school has been little understood.^[7] Pranin notes that Ueshiba's school independently recovered later on, so that "there never occurred a formal split between the two organizations despite their rather different approaches to aikido. The two groups simply evolved independently while maintaining more or less cordial ties."^[7]

In an interview with Andy Adams for Black Belt magazine, Shioda said, "I don't really feel that I broke away from the mainstream of aikido since there was nothing to break away from back then. Uyeshiba sensei (the late Morihei Uyeshiba, founder of aikido) was farming, his son Kisshomaru was working for some company, and the sensei's aikido dojo at Iwama in Ibaragi Prefecture was being rented out as a dance hall" (p. 34).^[3] Speaking about that same period, Moriteru Ueshiba said, "there was not yet much activity at the Hombu Dojo. For a time my father [Kisshomaru Ueshiba] was actually in Iwama instead ... starting around 1949, he worked for about seven years at a company called Osaka Shoji. He had no other choice. Even if you have a dojo, you can't make a living if nobody is coming to train, which was largely the case after the war. So, he took a job as an ordinary company employee during the day and taught only in the mornings and evenings."^[14]

In 1957, Shioda developed the Senshusei course, an intensive aikido training program,^[15] for the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department.^[1] In 1961, Ueshiba promoted Shioda to the rank of 9th dan.^[1] In 1973, Shioda sent Takashi Kushida, one of his most senior students, to introduce Yoshinkan aikido to the United States of America.^[11]

Later life[link]

In 1983, Shioda received the 'Hanshi' rank from the International Budo Federation (IBF), followed by the rank of 10th dan from the IBF in 1985.^[1] In 1990, together with his son Yasuhisa Shioda, he established the International Yoshinkan Aikido Federation.^[1][8] That same year, he established the international Senshusei program to develop Yoshinkan Aikido instructors across the world.^[1]

Shioda died on July 17, 1994.^[1] He wrote a few books on his martial art: Dynamic Aikido (1968, published in paperback format in 1977),^[16] Total Aikido: The master course (1997, co-authored, published posthumously),^[17] and Aikido Shugyo: Harmony in confrontation (2002, published posthumously).^[11] Shioda viewed aikido as being "not a sport but a budo. Either you defeat your opponent or he defeats you. You cannot complain that he did not follow the rules. You have to overcome your opponent in a way appropriate to each situation."^[13]

See also[link]

• Aikido styles
• Angry White Pyjamas

References[link]

External links[link]

• Yoshinkan Aikido (Japanese)
• Yoshinkan Aikido (English)