List of Members of the 9th Lok Sabha,(2 December 1989 - 13 March 1991) elected May-June 1989. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is the lower house in the Parliament of India.

Important members[link]

• Speaker:
  • Rabi Ray from 19 December 1989 to 9 July 1991
• Deputy Speaker:
  • Shivraj Patil from 19 March 1990 to 13 March 1991
• Secretary General:
  • Subhash C Kashyap from 31 December 1983 to 20 August 1990
  • K C Rastogi from 10 September 1990 to 31 December 1991

External links[link]

• Lok Sabha website

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Coordinates: 28°37′3″N 77°12′30″E / 28.6175°N 77.20833°E / 28.6175; 77.20833

House of the People लोक सभा Lōk Sabhā
15th Lok Sabha
Type
Type	Lower house of Parliament of India
Leadership
Speaker	Meira Kumar, (INC) since 3 June 2009[1]
Deputy Speaker	Kariya Munda, (BJP) since 8 June 2009[2]
Leader of the House	Pranab Mukherjee, (INC) since 26 May 2009[3]
Leader of Opposition (Lok Sabha)	Sushma Swaraj, (BJP) since 21 December 2009[4]
Members	545 (543 elected + 2 appointed)[5]
Political groups	UPA NDA TF FF Others
Elections
Voting system	First past the post
Last election	April–May, 2009
Motto
धर्मचक्रपरिवर्तनाय॥ - To rotate the wheel of dharma.
Meeting place
Chamber of Lok Sabha, Sansad Bhavan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi
Website
loksabha.gov.in

The Lok Sabha (Hindi: लोक सभा) or House of the People is the lower house of the Parliament of India. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by direct election under universal adult suffrage. As of 2009, there have been fifteen Lok Sabhas elected by the people of India. The Constitution limits the Lok Sabha to a maximum of 552 members, including no more than 20 members representing people from the Union Territories, and two appointed non-partisan members to represent the Anglo-Indian community (if the President feels that that community is not adequately represented).

Each Lok Sabha is formed for a five-year term, after which it is automatically dissolved, unless extended by a proclamation of emergency. In such cases, the term may be extended by one-year increments. The 15th Lok Sabha was formed in May 2009.

An exercise to redraw Lok Sabha constituencies' boundaries has been carried out by the Delimitation Commission based on the Indian census of 2001. This exercise, which was supposed to be carried out after every census, was suspended in 1976 following a constitutional amendment to avoid adverse effects of the family planning program which was being implemented.^[6] Today, the Lok Sabha has its own TV channel, Lok Sabha TV, head-quartered within the premises of Parliament.

Membership qualifications[link]

Membership of the Lok Sabha requires that the person be a citizen of India, aged 25 or over, mentally sound, should not be bankrupt and if the person is facing criminal proceedings in courts, the person has to mention it when they file their affidavit to the election commission. However, the person must not have been criminally convicted. For reserved seats, one should be member of the appropriate castes and/or tribes. He must not be holding an office of profit under the Govt. of India. He must not also be disqualified under any other Laws passed by the Parliament.

Election model code of conduct for nomination and scrutiny of candidates[link]

The Model Code of Conduct set by Election Commission of India gives guidance to political parties and candidates, and sets norms that bind them to respect and observe these guidelines in letter and spirit.^[7] The Election Commission of India is also implementing Supreme Court’s order dated 13 March 2003 relating to right to information of electors regarding criminal antecedents, assets and liabilities and educational qualifications of candidates. This makes it mandatory for candidates to disclosure of information about their assets and liabilities together with those of spouse or dependent children, through filing the nomination forms.^[8] The Election Commission of India is responsible for publishing this information.^[9]

Sessions and working hours[link]

First hour of every sitting is called the Question Hour, during which questions posed by members may be assigned to specific government ministries, to be answered at a fixed date in the future.

The Lok Sabha shares legislative power with the Rajya Sabha, except in the area of money bills, in which case the Lok Sabha has the ultimate authority. In the case of money bills, it is only sent to the Rajya Sabha for recommendations. In the case of other bills, the bill is sent for a period of 14 working days, and if it is not returned within that span of time, it is considered as passed. If conflicting legislation is enacted by the two Houses, a joint sitting is held to resolve the differences. In such a session, the members of the Lok Sabha would generally prevail, since the Lok Sabha includes more than twice as many members as the Rajya Sabha.

Three sessions of Lok Sabha take place in a year:

• Budget session: February to May.
• Monsoon session: July to September.
• Winter session: November to December.

Powers[link]

The Lok Sabha has certain powers that make it more powerful than the Rajya Sabha.

• Motions of no confidence against the government can only be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha. If passed by a majority vote, the Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers resigns collectively. The Rajya Sabha has no power over such a motion, and hence no real power over the executive. However, the Prime Minister may threaten the dissolution of the Lok Sabha and recommend this to the President, forcing an untimely general election. The President normally accepts this recommendation unless otherwise convinced that the Lok Sabha might recommend a new Prime Minister by a majority vote. Thus, both the executive and the legislature in India have checks and balances over each other.
• Money bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha, and upon being passed, are sent to the Rajya Sabha, where it can be deliberated on for up to 14 days. If not rejected by the Rajya Sabha, or 14 days lapse from the introduction of the bill in the Rajya Sabha without any action by the House, or recommendations made by the Rajya Sabha are not accepted by the Lok Sabha, the bill is considered passed. The budget is presented in the Lok Sabha by the Finance Minister in the name of the President of India.
• In matters pertaining to non-financial (ordinary) bills, after the bill has been passed by the House where it was originally tabled (Lok Sabha or Rajya Sabha), it is sent to the other house, where it may be kept for a maximum period of 6 months. If the other House rejects the bill or a period of 6 months elapses without any action by that House, or the House that originally tabled the bill does not accept the recommendations made by the members of the other house, it results in a deadlock. This is resolved by a joint session of both Houses, presided over by the speaker of the Lok Sabha and decided by a simple majority. The will of the Lok Sabha normally prevails in these matters, as its strength is more than double that of the Rajya Sabha.
• Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing any Bill for Constitutional Amendment (by a majority of the total membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting).
• Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the impeachment of the President (by two-thirds of the membership of the House).
• Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a motion for the impeachment of the judges of the Supreme Court and the state High Courts (by a majority of the membership of the House and at least two-thirds majority of the members present and voting).
• Equal Powers with the Rajya Sabha in initiating and passing a resolution declaring war or national emergency (by two-thirds majority) or constitutional emergency (by simple majority) in a state.
• If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after the declaration of a National Emergency, the Rajya Sabha becomes the sole Parliament. It cannot be dissolved. This is a limitation on the Lok Sabha. But there is a possibility that president can exceed the term to not more than 1 year under the proclamation of emergency and the same would be lowered down to six month if the said proclamation ceases to operate.

Rights of nominated members[link]

Nominated members have almost all the same rights as elected members, including the right to join political parties and to participate in parliamentary debates. They also have the right to cast their vote during confidence votes and other money bills. The only exception is that nominated members are not allowed to vote during presidential elections.

Composition by states and territories[link]

Lok Sabha and general election[link]

Lok Sabha is constituted after the general election as follows:

Number of members party wise in Lok Sabha[link]

• Total Members (Excluding H. S.) - 542
• Vacant Constituencies - 2

1 Banka (Bihar )
2 Nellore (Andhra Pradesh )

• Nominated Member - 2

Present members of Lok Sabha by political party and alliance up to 10 January 2012:^{[11][12][13][14]}

See also[link]

• Rajya Sabha
• Lawmaking procedure in India
• Politics of India
• List of Indian constituencies
• Indian general elections 1951–1971
• Indian general elections 1977–1999
• Indian general elections 2004
• Indian general elections 2009
• List of members of the 15th Lok Sabha of India
• List of members of the 15th Lok Sabha (by state)
• PRS Legislative Research

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lok Sabha

• All Lok Sabha Members – Current and Previous
• Description of Lok Sabha on website of Parliament of India
• Lok Sabha website

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Gulab Chand Kataria is a former Home minister in Government of Rajasthan .He is a senior leader of Bharatiya Janata Party in Rajasthan and is also a member of central working committee of the party. He hails from Udaipur and has represented it in 9th Lok Sabha .

Positions Held

• 1980 - 1981 Member, Estimates Committee, Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
• 1981 - 1985 Member, Estimates Committee (A), Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
• 19/01/1990 Member, Committee on Papers Laid on the Table, Lok Sabha
• 1990 Member, Committee on Agriculture, Lok Sabha
• 13/12/1993 - 30/11/1998 Minister, Primary & Secondary Education, Bhasha, Govt. of Rajasthan
• 13/12/1993 - 05/07/1998 Minister, Sanskrit Shiksha, Lingual Minority, Language Dept. (Bhasha Vibhag), Devasthan, Govt. of Rajasthan
• 1999 - 2000 Chairman, Public Accounts Committee, Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
• 1999 - 2000 Member, House Committee, Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
• 24/08/2002 to 04/12/2003 Leader of the Opposition, Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
• 08/01/2004 to 31/05/2004 Minister, PWD & Home, Govt. of Rajasthan
• 31/05/2004 to 31/12/08 Minister, Home Deptt., Govt. of Rajasthan

Memberships of Legislature

• 1977 - 1980 Member, 6th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
• 1980 - 1985 Member, 7th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
• 1989 - 1991 Member, 9th Lok Sabha
• 1993 - 1998 Member, 10th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
• 1998 - 2003 Member, 11th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
• 2003 - 2008 Member, 12th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly
• 2008 - Cont. Member, 13th Rajasthan Legislative Assembly

Party Posts Held

• 1977 - 1980 Vice President & General Secretary, Janta Yuva Morcha
• 1980 - 1985 Secretary, Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP), Rajasthan
• 1986 - 1993 General Secretary, BJP, Rajasthan
• 27/05/1999 - 19/06/2000 President, BJP, Rajasthan

External links[link]

• [1]
• [2]

This article about a Bharatiya Janata Party politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Nitish Kumar
Chief Minister of Bihar
In office 3 March 2000 – 10 March 2000
Deputy CM	Sushil Kumar Modi
Preceded by	President's rule
Incumbent
Assumed office 24 November 2005
Preceded by	Rabri Devi
Minister of Railways
In office 20 March 2001 – 21 May 2004
Preceded by	Ram Vilas Paswan
Succeeded by	Lalu Prasad Yadav
In office 19 March 1998 – 5 August 1999
Minister of Agriculture
In office 27 May 2000 – 21 July 2001
In office 22 November 1999 – 3 March 2000
Minister of Surface Transport
In office 13 October 1999 – 22 November 1999
In office 14 April 1998 – 5 August 1999
Personal details
Born	(1951-03-01) 1 March 1951 (age 61) kalyanbigha, Nalanda
Nationality	Indian
Political party	Janata Dal (United)
Spouse(s)	Late Smt. Manju Kumari Sinha
Children	Nishant Kumar (son)
Residence	1 Anne Marg, Patna
Alma mater	National Institute of Technology, Patna
Profession	Politician Social Worker Agriculturist Engineer
Religion	Hinduism
Website	http://cm.bih.nic.in
As of 18 June, 2006 Source: Government of India

Nitish Kumār (born 1 March 1951) is an Indian politician who has been a Union Minister and is the Chief Minister of Bihar, an eastern state of India, since 2005. He belongs to the Janata Dal (United) party. As Chief Minister, he gained popularity by initiating a series of developmental and constructive activities including building of long-delayed bridges, re-laying roads that had ceased to exist, appointing over 100,000 school teachers, ensuring that doctors worked in primary health centers, and keeping crime in check.^[1]

Early life and career[link]

Nitish Kumār was born in Kalyanbigha, Bihar to Kaviraj Ram Lakhan Singh and Parmeshwari Devi.^[2] His father was a freedom fighter and was close to the great Gandhian Bihar Vibhuti Anugrah Narayan Sinha, one of the founders of modern Bihar. His nickname is 'Munna'.^[3] He is a teetotaler, does not smoke, and is a frugal eater.^[4]

He has a degree in electrical engineering from the Bihar College of Engineering, Patna now NIT Patna.^[5] He joined the Bihar State Electricity Board, but almost halfheartedly, and later moved into politics.^[6]

Political career[link]

Nitish Kumar belongs to a socialist class of politicians.He learnt the lessons of politics under the tutelage of stalwarts Jayaprakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia, Karpoori Thakur, S N Sinha, George Fernandes and V. P. Singh.^[7]

Early career[link]

Nitish Kumar participated in Jayaprakash Narayan's movement^[8] between 1974 and 1977, and was close to Satyendra Narayan Sinha, a prominent leader of the time. In the 1980 Bihar assembly elections, Kumar stood from Harnaut, which had a strong presence of his fellow Kurmis. He lost, however, to a Kurmi ‘bahubali’ (muscleman/criminal politician).^[9] He was first elected to the Bihar Legislative Assembly in 1985 as an independent candidate. In 1987, he became the President of the Yuva Lok Dal. In 1989, he became the Secretary-General of the Janata Dal in Bihar. He was also elected to the 9th Lok Sabha the same year. Nitish was aligned with Laloo Prasad Yadav for years before they parted ways and Janata Dal (United) came into existence in 2003.^[10][11]

During his term as Minister of Railways, he brought widespread reforms.^[12]

Union Minister in Centre[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (August 2011)

In 1989, Nitish Kumar was appointed as the Union Minister of State for Agriculture in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Vishwanath Pratap Singh. In 1991, he was re-elected to the Lok Sabha and became General Secretary of the Janata Dal at the national level and the Deputy Leader of Janata Dal in the Parliament. He represented Barh parliamentary constituency in the Lok Sabha between 1989 and 2004.

He briefly served as the Union Cabinet Minister for Railways and Minister for Surface Transport and then as the Minister for Agriculture in 1998–99. In August 1999, he resigned following the Gaisal train disaster. He introduced internet ticket booking facility as well as opened record number of railway ticket booking counters. He introduced revolutionary tatkal scheme for instant booking.

Later that year, he rejoined the Union Cabinet as Minister for Agriculture. From 2001 to May 2004, he served as the Union Cabinet Minister for Railways in the NDA Government of Atal Bihari Vajpayee. In the 2004 Lok Sabha elections he contested elections from two constituencies, Barh and Nalanda. He was elected from Nalanda but lost from his traditional constituency, Barh. He was the leader of the Janata Dal (United) Parliamentary Party in the Lok Sabha.

Chief Minister of Bihar[link]

1st Term (3 March 2000 – 10 March 2000)[link]

On 3 March 2000, Nitish Kumar was appointed the Chief Minister of Bihar, but he resigned seven days later because failed to prove majority.

2nd Term (24 November 2005 – 24 November 2010)[link]

In November 2005, he led the National Democratic Alliance to victory in the 2005 Bihar assembly elections bringing an end to the 15-year rule of the Lalu Prasad Yadav-led Rashtriya Janata Dal. He was sworn in as the Chief Minister of Bihar on 24 November 2005. Under his government, Bihar developed an electronic version of the Right to Information Act called Jankari scheme. In addition, he launched the E-shakti NREGS program, by which rural people can get employment information by telephone. He is credited with improving infrastructure, and reducing crime, widely felt to be serious problems in the state.

Under his governance Bihar has had a record number of criminal prosecutions through fast track courts. His government initiated a mandatory weekly meeting with all District Magistrates to monitor progress at the grassroot level. His government has generated employment in police services and teaching. Bihar recorded record construction work during his five year mandate, surpassing the national average.

Nitish Kumar government also initiated bicycle and meal programs – the government gave bicycles to girls who stayed in school – which saw Bihar getting huge number of girls into schools and fall in school drop out rates.^[13] Women and extremely backward castes were given 50% reservation in electorals for the first time ever in India. However, bicycle scheme of Nitish Government has been criticised by some people because of corruption involved in the scheme.

Health schemes were launched to improve village hospitals and the free medicine distribution system. Loan schemes for farmers were improved by involving national banks.

The state witnessed steep hike in GSDP growth, the second highest in the country. Bihar was recorded as the highest tax payer state in eastern India.

Dr. Abdul Kalam, former President of India and Nitish Kumar initiated the Nalanda International University project, headed by the Prime Minister of India.

In 2010, Nitish Kumar's party swept back to power along with its ally Bharatiya Janata Party. On 26 November 2010, Nitish Kumar took oath as a Chief Minister of Bihar. This is his second consecutive term as Chief Minister of Bihar.[6]

3rd Term (26 November 2010 – Till Now)[link]

In a keenly fought contest, Nitish Kumar led JDU-BJP combine won with four-fifth majority. NDA won 206 seats while RJD won 22 seats. No party there has won enough seats to represent the opposition in the state assembly, which requires at least 25 seats to become eligible to represent the main opposition party.^[14][15]

For the last time electorates witnessed high turnout of women and young voters, while this declared as the fairest Bihari election, with no bloodshed or poll violence.^[16]

Personal life[link]

On 22 February 1973, Nitish Kumar married Manju Kumari Sinha, a teacher by profession. They have a son, Nishant, who is a graduate of BIT, Mesra.^[17] His wife died in 2007 at the age of 53. He is credited with giving a new face to Bihar. The kind of win his Alliance registered during 2010 Bihar Assembly is viewed amongst the biggest ever election win by anyone in Indian elections, where the entire opposition was almost wiped off. Many sections of media and political sections consider him as the best Chief Minister from India, able to bring success of governance in a state of turmoil, finishing caste, religion barrier and paving way for development. For his clean and Statesmanship he owns respect from his bitter opponents and all political parties including Congress whose many prominent leaders including chief Sonia Gandhi, Home Minister P. Chidambaram, NCP leader Agatha Sangma and Congress leader(Minister for information and broadcasting) Ambika Soni, credited Nitish Kumar's clean, pro-citizen development oriented governance. It is a status which currently only Nitish Kumar enjoys, something a rare feat in Indian politics where someone achieves respect and appreciation from opposition along with landslide public support from all sections of Society.

Awards and recognition[link]

• XLRI,Jamshedpur "Sir Jehangir Ghandy Medal" for Industrial & Social Peace 2011.^[18]
• "MSN Indian of the year 2010"^[19]
• NDTV Indian of the Year – Politics, 2010^[20]
• Forbes "India's Person of the Year", 2010^[21]
• CNN-IBN "Indian of the Year Award" – Politics, 2010^[22]
• NDTV Indian of the year – Politics, 2009^[23]
• Economics Times "Business reformer of the Year 2009".^[24]
• 'Polio Eradication Championship Award' 2009, by Rotary Internationals.^[25]
• CNN-IBN Great Indian of the Year – Politics, 2008^[26]
• The Best Chief Minister,^[27] according to the CNN-IBN and HT State of the Nation Poll 2007.

Positions Held[link]

See also[link]

• List of Chief Ministers of Bihar

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nitish Kumar

• Biography on Bihar Govt. web site
• Biography on website of Lok Sabha

v t e Current Chief Ministers of Indian states (list)     Andhra Pradesh: Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy Arunachal Pradesh: Nabam Tuki Assam: Tarun Gogoi Bihar: Nitish Kumar Chhattisgarh: Raman Singh Goa: Manohar Parrikar Gujarat: Narendra Modi Haryana: Bhupinder Singh Hooda Himachal Pradesh: Prem Kumar Dhumal Jammu and Kashmir: Omar Abdullah Jharkhand: Arjun Munda Karnataka: D. V. Sadananda Gowda Kerala: Oommen Chandy Madhya Pradesh: Shivraj Singh Chauhan Maharashtra: Prithviraj Chavan Manipur: Okram Ibobi Singh Meghalaya: Mukul Sangma Mizoram: Pu Lalthanhawla Nagaland: Neiphiu Rio Orissa: Naveen Patnaik Punjab: Parkash Singh Badal Rajasthan: Ashok Gehlot Sikkim: Pawan Kumar Chamling Tamil Nadu: Jayalalithaa Tripura: Manik Sarkar Uttar Pradesh: Akhilesh Yadav Uttarakhand: Vijay Bahuguna West Bengal: Mamata Banerjee Delhi: Sheila Dikshit Pondicherry: N. Rangaswamy

Vundalli Aruna Kumar (Telugu: వుండవల్లి అరుణ కుమార్) (born August 4, 1954), is a Member of Parliament in India. He represents the Indian National Congress from Rajahmundry parliamentary constituency of Andhra Pradesh.^[1]

Early life[link]

Aruna Kumar was born in Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh.

Career[link]

Arun Kumar runs a weekly, Eevaram Janavaartha a publication on contemporary political issues.

Political career[link]

In 2009, he won the Lok Sabha elections from Rajahmundry for the second time, against two prominent film actors.He shot into fame by exposing the unlawful collection of deposits and subsequent piling up of losses to the tune of 1000 crores by Margadarsi Chit Fund Company Limited owned by media baron Ramoji Rao.The state government swiftly swung into action seizing the assets of Margadarsi Financiers, the action is widely construed as manipulation by state government as Ramoji Rao supports a political party currently in opposition which has not gone down well with the government in power.Vundavalli vehemently denied any targeted politics.

Arun Kumar has good oratory skills^{[citation needed]} and is also a honest man.^{[citation needed]} He has deep insight into the various public issues plaguing the society^{[citation needed]} and frequently appears in the various TV channels discussing on gamut of issues. He is a close confidante of Gandhi family^{[citation needed]} and is fiercely loyal to Congress party.^{[citation needed]} He is also a member of CWC.

Personal life[link]

Aruna Kumar is married to Jyothi and has a daughter Sravanthi.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website
• Eevaram Magazine published by Vundavalli Aruna Kumar
• Arunkumar Profile