Crease may refer to:

A Line (geometry) or mark made by folding or doubling any pliable substance

Crease (band), American hard rock band that formed in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida in 1994

Crease (cricket), area demarcated by white lines painted or chalked on the field of play

Crease (hockey), volume of space in an ice rink directly in front of the goalie net as indicated by painted red lines on the rink surface

Crease pattern, origami diagram type that consists of all or most of the creases in the final model

Crease Range, mountain range in northernwestern British Columbia, Canada

Skin crease, areas of skin where it folds

Crease (Rage), to party or drink excessively.

People

Henry Pering Pellew Crease (1823 – 1905), British lawyer, judge, and politician

Jimmy Crease (born 1949), former association football player

Kevin Crease (1936 - 2007), South Australian television presenter and newsreader

See also

Grease (disambiguation)

name	Branford Marsalis
landscape	yes
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Branford Marsalis
birth date	August 26, 1960
origin	Breaux Bridge, Louisiana, U.S.
instrument	Saxophone
genre	JazzPost-bop
associated acts	Wynton MarsalisDelfeayo MarsalisJason MarsalisEllis Marsalis, Jr.Joey CalderazzoEric RevisJeff "Tain" WattsKenny KirklandDJ PremierStingThe Tonight Show BandKevin EubanksAnna Maria JopekHarry Connick, Jr.Matt Finders
website	http://www.branfordmarsalis.com
past members	}}

Branford Marsalis (born August 26, 1960) is an American saxophonist, composer and bandleader. While primarily known for his work in jazz as the leader of the Branford Marsalis Quartet, he also performs frequently as a soloist with classical ensembles and has led the group Buckshot LeFonque.

Biography

Marsalis was born in Breaux Bridge, Louisiana. His brothers Jason Marsalis, Wynton Marsalis, Ellis Marsalis III, and Delfeayo Marsalis, and father Ellis Marsalis, Jr. are also jazz musicians.

In the summer of 1980, while still a Berklee College of Music student, Marsalis toured Europe playing alto and baritone saxophone in a large ensemble led by drummer Art Blakey. Other big band experience with Lionel Hampton and Clark Terry followed over the next year, and by the end of 1981 Marsalis, on alto saxophone, had joined his brother Wynton in Blakey’s Jazz Messengers. Other performances with his brother, including a 1981 Japanese tour with Herbie Hancock, led to the formation of his brother Wynton’s first quintet, where Marsalis shifted his emphasis to soprano and tenor saxophones. He continued to work with Wynton until 1985, a period that also saw the release of his own first recording, ''Scenes in the City'', as well as guest appearances with other artists including Miles Davis and Dizzy Gillespie.

In 1985 he joined Sting, singer and bassist of pop band The Police, on his first solo project, ''The Dream of the Blue Turtles'', alongside notable jazz and session musicians Omar Hakim on drums, Darryl Jones on the bass and Kenny Kirkland on keyboards. He became a regular in Sting's line-up both in the studio and live up until the release of ''Brand New Day' in 1999.

In 1994, Marsalis appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD, ''Stolen Moments: Red Hot + Cool''. The album, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic in African American society was named "Album of the Year" by Time Magazine.

In 1988, Marsalis co-starred in Spike Lee's movie, "School Daze," also rendering several horn-blowing interludes for the music in the film. His witty comments have pegged him to many memorable one-liners in the film.

From 1992 - 1995 Branford was the leader of the Tonight Show Band, on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Initially he declined the offer but later reconsidered and accepted the position. He was succeeded as band leader by guitarist Kevin Eubanks.

Unfortunately, with the decline of live music venues and with dwindling jazz audiences, session work has been gradually replaced with computer-based synthesized music. As a result, while Marsalis would release a second Buckshot LeFonque recording in 1997, his primary focus since 1996 has been on his own quartet, classical performance and education.

With original member Jeff "Tain" Watts still on drums, bassist Eric Revis replaced Hurst in 1997, while pianist Joey Calderazzo became a member after Kirkland’s death the following year. The Branford Marsalis Quartet has toured and recorded extensively, receiving a Grammy in 2001 for its album ''Contemporary Jazz''. After a two-decade association with Columbia Records, where he served as Creative Consultant and producer for jazz recordings between 1997 and 2001, Marsalis founded his own Marsalis Music label in 2002. With Marsalis as the label’s primary producer, Marsalis Music has issued audio and video discs that feature Marsalis’ quartet, the instrumental music of Harry Connick, Jr., new artists Miguel Zenón and Doug Wamble, and (under the Honors Series logo) veterans Alvin Batiste, Michael Carvin, Jimmy Cobb and Bob French. Claudia Acuña has also been signed by the label, with a disc forthcoming.

Marsalis placed greater emphasis on classical music since the 2001 release of his album ''Creation''. Performances with symphony orchestras and chamber ensembles worldwide have become a significant part of his itinerary, with his most intense period of classical playing scheduled for October and November 2008, when Marsalis tours the United States with Philarmonia Brasileira.

Marsalis has also become involved in education at the university level, with appointments at Michigan State (1996–2000), San Francisco State (2000–2002) and North Carolina Central University (2005–present). After Hurricane Katrina devastated New Orleans in 2005, Marsalis and Harry Connick, Jr. created the concept of a Musicians’ Village in the city’s Upper Ninth Ward, with the Ellis Marsalis Center for Music as the Village’s centerpiece. This project, undertaken by New Orleans Area Habitat for Humanity with Marsalis’ and Connick’s active participation, has proven to be one of the most successful recovery efforts in the region, and has already provided dozens of musicians of modest means with the opportunity to own decent, affordable housing.

Marsalis was nominated for and won a 2010 Drama Desk Award in the category "Outstanding Music in a Play" and was also nominated for a 2010 Tony Award in the category of "Best Original Score (Music and/or Lyrics) Written for the Theatre" for his participation in the Broadway revival of August Wilson's "Fences."

Marsalis, with his father and brothers, are group recipients of the 2011 NEA Jazz Masters Award.

In June 2011, after working together for over 10 years in a band setting, Branford Marsalis and Joey Calderazzo released their first duo album titled Songs of Mirth and Melancholy, on Branford's Marsalis Music label. Their world premiere performance was on June 29, 2011 in Koerner Hall at the 2011 TD Toronto Jazz Festival.

Instruments & Setup

Soprano: Selmer Mark VI with a Selmer D mouthpiece and Vandoren V12 reeds

Alto: Cannonball Vintage Series (model AV/LG-L) with a Selmer Classic C* mouthpiece and Vandoren #5 reeds

Tenor: Selmer Mark VI/ Super Balanced Action with a Fred Lebayle size 8 mouthpiece and a 3.5 Alexander Superial Reeds (7.0)

Other appearances

Marsalis performed alongside Sting and Phil Collins at the London Live Aid concert in Wembley Stadium on June 13, 1985.

Featured as saxophonist on "Fight the Power" (1989) by Public Enemy.

Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me! Guest on the "Not My Job" section of the show. On this performance he claimed the saxophone was the sexiest instrument, then insults the accordion. In a later episode of the show, "Weird Al" Yankovic stands up for the accordion; later guest Yo-Yo Ma claimed the saxophone was in fact the sexiest.

Interviewed on Space Ghost Coast to Coast Episode 10: "Gum, Disease" (aired November 11, 1994). Although the Coast to Coast crew said, "He was the most pleasant, and well mannered guest we had ever interviewed", he didn't sign a release for merchandising rights, so the episode couldn't be on the Space Ghost Coast to Coast Volume One DVD.

Marsalis was featured in Shanice's 1992 hit "I Love Your Smile". In the second half of the song, he has a solo and Shanice says "Blow, Branford, Blow."

He played the role of Lester in the movie ''Throw Momma from the Train'' (1987) and the role of Jordam in Spike Lee's 1988 musical-drama film ''School Daze''.

Cameo as a repair man who asks Hillary on a date in the episode "Stop Will! In the Name of Love" on "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" (1994).

Interviews with Marsalis are featured prominently in the documentary ''Before the Music Dies'' (2006).

Branford was a guest judge on the final episode of the fifth season of Top Chef which took place in New Orleans, Louisiana.

On April 28 and 29, 2009 Branford played with The Dead (The remaining members of the Grateful Dead) at the IZOD Center in East Rutherford, New Jersey, rekindling a relationship started when he performed with them at a legendary set at Nassau Coliseum March 29, 1990 during which, according to Dead aficionados, one of the greatest renditions of "Eyes of the World", was performed.

On July 21, 2010, Branford guested with Dave Matthews Band on the songs "Lover Lay Down," "What Would You Say" and "Jimi Thing" at the Verizon Wireless Amphitheater in Charlotte, NC. This was the first time Branford had guested with Dave Matthews Band, although he had previously played with Dave Matthews and Gov't Mule on a cover of Bob Dylan's "All Along the Watchtower" on December 16, 2006 in Asheville, NC.

Discography

As leader

1984 ''Scenes in the City''

1985 ''Royal Garden Blues''

1986 ''Romances for Saxophone'' - some little pieces of classical evergreens

1987 ''Renaissance'' - on "The Peacocks": Herbie Hancock - Piano, Buster Williams - Bass

1988 ''Random Abstract''

1989 ''Trio Jeepy'' - an album of standards featuring Milt Hinton (bass) and Jeff Watts (drums)

1989 ''Do the Right Thing'' - music composed and conducted by Bill Lee

1990 ''Mo' Better Blues'' - soundtrack to the movie

1990 ''Crazy People Music''

1991 '' The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born'' - with guests Wynton Marsalis (trumpet) and Courtney Pine (tenor saxophone)

1992 ''I Heard You Twice the First Time'' - Branford's quartet pairs up with some Jazz and Blues greats (including B.B.King, John Lee Hooker, Rip Tip Johnson) for a romp through the history of African-American music. Grammy Winner in category Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual Or Group

1992 Sneakers - soundtrack to the movie

1993 ''Bloomington'' - live recording

1994 ''Buckshot LeFonque''

1996 ''Loved Ones'' - a duet with his father Ellis Marsalis (piano)

1996 ''The Dark Keys''

1997 ''Music Evolution'' - the second Buckshot LeFonque project

1999 ''Requiem'' - recorded days before the death of and dedicated to pianist Kenny Kirkland

2000 ''Contemporary Jazz'' - Grammy Winner in category Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group

2001 ''Creation'' - some classical music rearranged for saxophone and orchestra

2002 ''Footsteps of Our Fathers'' - Branford again revisits the works of past masters, interpreting the tunes from his own angle

2003 ''Romare Bearden Revealed'' - CD Issued in Conjunction with The Art of Romare Bearden (American painter)

2004 ''Eternal''

2004 ''A Love Supreme Live - (DVD/CD)''

2006 ''Braggtown''

2009 ''Metamorphosen''

2011 ''Songs of Mirth and Melancholy'' (duo album with pianist Joey Calderazzo)

As sideman

1982 ''Keystone 3'' - Art Blakey & The Jazz Messengers

1982 ''Wynton Marsalis'' - Wynton Marsalis

1983 ''Think of One'' - Wynton Marsalis

1984 "Decoy" - Miles Davis

1984 ''Hot House Flowers'' - Wynton Marsalis

1985 ''Black Codes (From the Underground)'' - Wynton Marsalis

1985 ''Opening Night'' - Kevin Eubanks

1985 ''The Dream of the Blue Turtles'' - Sting

1985 ''With Sting at Live Aid''

1986 ''Break Every Rule'' - Tina Turner. Branford plays on the track "Paradise Is Here"

1986 ''Bring on the Night'' - Sting (live album)

1987 ''...Nothing Like the Sun'' - Sting

1990 ''We Are in Love'' - Harry Connick, Jr.

1990 ''Without a Net'' - Grateful Dead. Branford plays on "Eyes of the World" (live album)

1990 ''You Won't Forget Me'' - Shirley Horn. Branford appears on the track "It Had to be You"

1990 ''Live It Up'' - Crosby, Stills & Nash. Branford plays on tracks 5 Yours And Mine and on track 9 Arrows

1990 ''The Soul Cages'' - Sting

1991 ''Karma'' - Robin Eubanks. On track 7 The Yearning and track 10 Remember When

1992 ''Pontius Pilate's Decision'' - Delfeayo Marsalis

1993 ''Three Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'' - Béla Fleck and the Flecktones

1993 ''Harbor Lights'' - Bruce Hornsby ''Grammy Winner'' for song, "Rainbow's Cadillac"

1993 ''Jazzmatazz, Vol. 1'' - Guru. Features on track four, "Transit Ride" along with Zachary Breaux.

1993 ''It's Got to Be Funky'' - Horace Silver

1994 ''JLW'' - Joe Louis Walker. On track 4 Inner City Man.

1994 ''Rob Wasserman: Trios'' With Bruce Hornsby on "White-Wheeled Limousine"

1994 "With the Tenors of Our Time" - Roy Hargrove. On track 3, "Valse Hot."

1995 ''Tales from the Acoustic Planet'' - Béla Fleck

1995 ''Hot House'' - Bruce Hornsby

1995 ''Joe Cool's Blues'' - Ellis & Wynton Marsalis. Branford plays on the track "Little Birdie"

1996 ''Live Art'' - Béla Fleck and the Flecktones

1996 ''Mercury Falling'' - Sting

1999 ''Brand New Day'' - Sting

2003 ''Little Worlds'' - Béla Fleck and the Flecktones

2003 ''The Marsalis Family: A Jazz Celebration'' - A showing for four brothers- Branford, Delfeayo Marsalis, Jason Marsalis, Wynton Marsalis, and their father, Ellis Marsalis

2005 ''Occasion : Connick on Piano, Volume 2'' - A duo album with Harry Connick, Jr.

2006 ''Intersections (1985-2005)'' - Bruce Hornsby

2007 ''Marsalis Music Honors Bob French'' (2007) - Bob French

2007 ''ID'' - Anna Maria Jopek. Branford plays on the track 3 - ''Zrób, co mozesz'' (Do What You Can) and on track 11 - ''Niepojete i ulotne'' (Incomprehensible & Elusive)

2009 ''Your Songs'' - Harry Connick, Jr.

2009 ''Watts'' - Jeff "Tain" Watts

References

External links

Branford Marsalis, official website

Jazz Conversations with Eric Jackson: Branford Marsalis from WGBH Radio Boston

Category:1960 births Category:Living people Category:People from St. Martin Parish, Louisiana Category:Jazz musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana Category:African American musicians Category:American jazz saxophonists Category:American saxophonists Category:Berklee College of Music alumni Category:Jazz saxophonists Category:Musicians from New Orleans, Louisiana Category:People from New Orleans, Louisiana Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Louisiana Creole people Category:The Tonight Show Band members

cs:Branford Marsalis da:Branford Marsalis de:Branford Marsalis es:Branford Marsalis eo:Branford Marsalis fr:Branford Marsalis id:Branford Marsalis it:Branford Marsalis nl:Branford Marsalis ja:ブランフォード・マルサリス no:Branford Marsalis pl:Branford Marsalis pt:Branford Marsalis fi:Branford Marsalis

background	solo_singer
birth date	June 12, 1941
birth place	Rusholme, Manchester, England
instrument	Vocals, guitar
genre	Folk, progressive folk, folk rock, alternative rock
occupation	Musician, songwriter, poet
years active	1964–present
label	Science Friction, Harvest
website	}}

Roy Harper (born 12 June 1941) is an English rock / folk singer-songwriter / guitarist who has been a professional musician since the mid 1960s. Harper has described American blues musician Leadbelly and folk singer Woody Guthrie as his biggest musical influences when he was growing up. As a musician, Harper is known for his distinctive fingerstyle playing and lengthy, complex compositions. He has released a large catalogue of albums as an artist, most of which are available on his own record label Science Friction.

His influence has been acknowledged by many musicians including Jimmy Page and Robert Plant of Led Zeppelin, Pete Townshend of The Who, Kate Bush, Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull and Pink Floyd, as well as more recently by Californian harpist Joanna Newsom and Seattle-based acoustic band Fleet Foxes. Harper also sang guest lead vocals on Pink Floyd's song "Have a Cigar", and inspired the title of the Led Zeppelin song "Hats Off to (Roy) Harper".

Biography

Early life

Harper was born in 1941 in Rusholme, a suburb of Manchester. After the death of his mother, Muriel, during childbirth, he was raised in Blackpool by his father and stepmother, with whom he became disillusioned because of her Jehovah's Witness beliefs. Harper's anti-religious views would later become a familiar theme within his music.

At the age of 10, he began playing skiffle music with his older brother David, ("Davey" on the album ''Flat Baroque and Berserk''), as well as becoming influenced by blues music. Harper was educated at private school King Edward VII School, Lytham St Annes. He left school at the age of 15 and joined the Royal Air Force. This eventually resulted in his rejecting the rigid discipline, feigning madness in order to obtain a military discharge and receiving electroconvulsive therapy as a result. Upon his eventual discharge, he busked around Europe until 1964 when he returned to England, gaining a residency at London's famous Soho folk music club, Les Cousins.

The 1960s

Harper's first album, ''Sophisticated Beggar'', was recorded in 1966 after he was spotted at Les Cousins, and signed to Peter Richards' Strike Records. The album consisted of Harper's poetry backed by acoustic guitar and recorded with a Revox tape machine by Pierre Tubbs. CBS Records recognised Harper's potential and hired producer Shel Talmy to arrange Harper's second album, ''Come Out Fighting Ghengis Smith'', released in 1968. The 11 minute track "Circle" was notable for marking a widening of Harper's musical style away from the more traditional folk music heard at the time.

In May 1968, Harper began to make regular appearances at free concerts in London's Hyde Park, attracting a cult following of fans from the underground music scene. Harper also toured the UK, performing at numerous venues that would later become recognised for the variety and quality of their musical acts; Mothers in Birmingham was one venue to which Harper would frequently return.

1969's ''Folkjokeopus'' (Harper's third album), in a similar vein to his previous album, included an extended 17-minute track called "McGoohan's Blues", which Harper referred to as the "main statement" within the album. The track's title referred to actor Patrick McGoohan, who was at the time starring in the UK TV series ''The Prisoner''.

The 1970s

Harper's first tour of the United States followed the release of his fourth studio album, ''Flat Baroque and Berserk'', in 1969. The album also featured The Nice on the track "Hell's Angels". Its ethereal sound was achieved by a wah-wah pedal attached to Harper's acoustic guitar. This album also marked the beginning of Harper's long and sometimes confrontational association with EMI, whose subsidiary Harvest Records he was signed to.

After the Bath Festival of 1970, Led Zeppelin paid tribute to Harper with their version of the traditional song, "Shake 'Em on Down", the definitive version of which was originally recorded by blues artist Bukka White. Retitled "Hats Off to (Roy) Harper", it appeared on the album ''Led Zeppelin III''. According to Jimmy Page, the band admired the way Harper stood by his principles and did not sell out to commercial pressures. In mutual appreciation of their work, Harper would often attend live performances by Led Zeppelin over the subsequent decade, contributed sleeve photography to the album ''Physical Graffiti'' and also appeared, uncredited, in the 1976 Led Zeppelin documentary film, ''The Song Remains the Same''.

Harper's critically acclaimed 1971 album was a four-song epic, ''Stormcock''. The album featured Jimmy Page on guitar (credited as "S. Flavius Mercurius" for contractual reasons) and David Bedford's orchestral arrangements (Bedford would also collaborate on future Harper releases). Johnny Marr, The Smiths' guitarist, said that ''Stormcock'' was "intense and beautiful and clever". In 1972, Harper made his acting debut playing Mike Preston alongside Carol White in the John Mackenzie film ''Made''. The soundtrack for this film appeared the following year as the album ''Lifemask''. At the time, ''Lifemask'' was created as Harper's final bow, as he had been diagnosed with the (then) little-known lung condition HHT, which caused polycythemia, incapacitating the singer. The cover art shows Harper's 'death mask'.

After he recovered, Harper's next album, ''Valentine'', was released on Valentine's Day, 14 February 1974, and featured contributions from Jimmy Page. A concert to mark its release was held on the same day, at London's Rainbow Theatre, with Page, Bedford, Max Middleton (of The Jeff Beck Group) on keyboards, Ronnie Lane on bass and Keith Moon on drums. The live album ''Flashes from the Archives of Oblivion'', recorded at that concert, soon followed.

Pink Floyd's 1975 release ''Wish You Were Here'' saw Harper sing lead vocals on the song "Have a Cigar". David Gilmour returned the favour by appearing on Harper's next album, ''HQ'', along with Harper's occasional backing band, Trigger (Chris Spedding on guitar, Dave Cochran on bass guitar, Bill Bruford on drums), and Led Zeppelin's John Paul Jones. The single "When an Old Cricketer Leaves the Crease", taken from the album, is Harper's biggest-selling song to date. Harper also co-wrote the song "Short and Sweet" with Gilmour for Gilmour's first solo record, ''David Gilmour'', released in 1978.

Controversy followed the release of 1977's ''Bullinamingvase''. The owners of Watford Gap service station objected to criticism of their food ("''Watford Gap, Watford Gap / A plate of grease and a load of crap…''") in the lyrics of the song "Watford Gap". Harper was forced to drop it from future UK copies of the album, though it reappeared on a later CD reissue and remained on the U.S. LP. The album also featured the song "One of Those Days in England", with backing vocals by Paul McCartney and his wife Linda, an edited version of which became a Top 40 hit. In April 1978, Harper began writing lyrics for the next Led Zeppelin album with Jimmy Page, but the project was shelved when Robert Plant returned from a sabbatical after the death of his son.

Between 1975 and 1978, Harper spent considerable time in the United States. During this period Harper signed with the US division of Chrysalis Records, who released ''HQ'' with a different title (''When an Old Cricketer Leaves the Crease'') and cover. Chrysalis considered the original UK sleeve photo of Harper walking on water to be too offensive for an American release. Harper disagreed, but was given no choice by the label. Chrysalis also changed the title of Harper's next album, ''Bullinamingvase'', to ''One of Those Days in England''. In 1978, US Chrysalis reissued Harper's first five Harvest albums, only one of which (''Flat, Baroque and Berserk'') had been previously released in America.

For much of the 1970s, Harper was managed and produced by British manager and record producer Peter Jenner, initially acting for Blackhill Enterprises. According to Jenner, "Harper is a terrific songwriter, but a bit crazy".

The 1980s

Harper began the decade with the release of ''The Unknown Soldier'', which was to be his final Harvest release. The album contains a duet with Kate Bush on the track, "You". (Harper reciprocated by singing backing vocals on "Breathing", on the Kate Bush album ''Never For Ever''). Of Bush, Harper later stated, A decade later, Harper and Bush would collaborate again on his album ''Once''.

Harper's 1982 album, ''Work of Heart'', marked the formation of Harper's own record label with Mark Thompson (son of English historian, socialist and peace campaigner E.P. Thompson), entitled Public Records. The album itself was chosen by Derek Jewell of The Sunday Times as "Album of the Year" in 1982. The original demo version of this album was later released (in 1984) on a limited edition (830 copies) vinyl release entitled ''Born in Captivity''.

Of this period, Harper stated, }}

Throughout 1984, Harper toured the United Kingdom with Jimmy Page, performing a predominantly acoustic set at folk festivals under various guises such as The MacGregors, and Themselves. In 1985, they released an album called ''Whatever Happened to Jugula?''. This album caused a resurgence of interest in Harper and his music. (Tony Franklin, bass player in Harper's group at this time, would later join Page in The Firm). In April 1984, Harper and Gilmour performed "Short and Sweet" (the song they co-wrote) during Gilmour's three-night run at The Hammersmith Odeon. This version later appeared on the ''David Gilmour Live 1984'' concert film. Harper also provided backing vocals on Gilmour's newly released album, ''About Face''.

Perhaps due to the popularity of ''Whatever Happened to Jugula?'', Harper re-signed to EMI and in 1986 released a live album, ''In Between Every Line'', containing recordings from his performances at the Cambridge Folk Festival, and in 1988 the studio album, ''Descendants of Smith''. The renewed relationship between Harper and EMI did not last, and from 1985 more of his earlier albums became available on the Awareness Records label. 1988 also saw the release of ''Loony on the Bus'', a collection of tracks intended for release in 1977 as ''Commercial Breaks'' but held back because of disputes between Harper and EMI.

The 1990s

Harper was very productive in the 1990s, releasing four studio albums: ''Once'' (1990), ''Death or Glory?'' (1992), ''Commercial Breaks'' (1994), ''The Dream Society'' (1998); and eight live albums: ''Unhinged'' (1993), ''Live At Les Cousins'' (1996), and six individual CDs of concerts recorded by the BBC (1997).

In addition, Harper released a live video ''Once'' (1990), an EP ''Burn the World'' (1990), a CD single ''The Methane Zone'' (1992), a limited edition live cassette ''Born in Captivity II'' (1992), a compilation album ''An Introduction to .....'' (1994), a collection of poetry and spoken word tracks ''Poems, Speeches, Thoughts and Doodles'' (1997), and a reissue of ''Descendants of Smith'' (his 1988 release) renamed ''Garden of Uranium'' (1994). In 1994 much of Harper's back catalogue became available on CD through his own record label Science Friction.

''Once'' featured contributions from David Gilmour, Kate Bush, Nigel Mazlyn Jones. In 1992, his marriage to his wife Jacqui ended. ''Death or Glory?'' contains a number of songs and spoken word pieces that reference his loss and pain.

Throughout the decade, Harper's musical influence began to be recognised by a younger generation of musicians, some of whom covered his songs or invited him to make guest appearances on their albums. In 1995 Harper contributed spoken words on The Tea Party's 1995 album ''The Edges of Twilight'' and appeared on stage for their New Year concert in Montreal. In 1996 Roy recited "Bad Speech" from the album ''Whatever Happened to Jugula?'' on the album ''Eternity'' by Anathema (the album also contains a cover version of "Hope" from the same album). The track "Time" from The Tea Party's 1996 multimedia CD, ''Alhambra'', was sung and co-written by Harper.

Harper contributed his version of Jethro Tull's song, "Up the 'Pool" (from ''Living in the Past'') for the 1996 tribute album, ''To Cry You A Song - A Collection Of Tull Tales''. In 1998, Jethro Tull singer Ian Anderson contributed flute to the song, "These Fifty Years" on Harper's ''The Dream Society'', an album based on Harper's life, particularly his youth. Reportedly, Anderson said that the only reason he originally left Blackpool was because Harper did. Other artists who covered Harper's songs (or songs on his albums) throughout the decade include Dean Carter, Ava Cherry & The Astronettes, Green Crown, The Kitchen Cynics, The Levellers, Roydan Styles and Pete Townshend.

Harper also undertook a small tour of the USA, where some performances were supported by Daevid Allen, former Soft Machine and Gong band member.

The 2000s

In 2000, Harper released an almost entirely acoustic album, ''The Green Man'', accompanied by The Tea Party's Jeff Martin on guitar, hurdy gurdy and numerous other instruments. The following year (2001) Harper celebrated his 60th birthday with a concert at London's Royal Festival Hall. Harper was joined by numerous guest artists, including David Bedford, Jeff Martin and John Renbourn. A recording of the concert ''Royal Festival Hall Live – June 10th 2001'' was released as a double CD shortly afterwards.

In 2003, Harper published ''The Passions of Great Fortune'', a large format book containing all the lyrics to his albums (and singles) to date, which also included a wealth of photographs and commentary on his songs.

In April 2005, Harper released a lengthy CD single, ''The Death of God''. The 13 minute song, a critique of the war in Iraq, featured guest guitarist Matt Churchill, who has also joined Harper on stage at his live performances. A video of this song, intermixing animation with a live performance, is available in four parts on YouTube. The same year saw the release of Harper's latest album, ''Counter Culture'', a double compilation album featuring songs from a 35-year songwriting period. ''Counter Culture'' received a five-star review from ''UNCUT'' magazine. Harper also contributed a recital of "Jabberwocky" for ''The Wildlife Album'', an 18-track compilation CD to benefit the World Wide Fund For Nature and the Ulster Wildlife Trust.

2006 saw Harper release his first DVD, ''Beyond the Door''. Composed of live footage recorded in 2004 at Irish folk club "De Barra's" in Clonakilty, Cork, the package includes an additional 10-track audio CD and received a 4-star review from both ''Mojo'' and ''UNCUT'', as well as from ''Classic Rock'' magazine, who made it their "DVD of the month".

In September 2007, Harper supported Californian harpist Joanna Newsom at her Royal Albert Hall performance. Newsom had been impressed by Harper's 1971 album ''Stormcock'' and it served as an inspiration for her second album, ''Ys''. During his Royal Albert Hall appearance with Newsom, Harper played ''Stormcock'' in its entirety. At the time, Harper made an announcement on his website that he was "...taking a break from the live scene... retired from gigging..." and just wanted "...the time and space to write..."

Harper has dedicated the last few years to collecting and compiling his life's work in various formats. One of his future projects is likely to be the making of a documentary DVD to round off this process.

In 2008, plans were announced for a Roy Harper tribute album. The album, ''All You Need is What You Have'' (named after songs on Harper's 1969 release ''Come Out Fighting Ghengis Smith''), is being compiled by Laurel Canyon folk singer Jonathan Wilson, and features Chris Robinson (The Black Crowes), Gary Louris (The Jayhawks), Johnathan Rice, Eric Johnson (Fruit Bats, The Shins), Benji Hughes and others. At present, the collection remains unfinished, having been delayed beyond its planned 2009 release date and into 2010. Some of the tracks can be heard on the project's Myspace page.

In 2010, Newsom once again invited Harper to be Special Guest for her on several of her European Tour Dates. Plans for Harper to star in the film Rebel City Rumble were also announced. Shooting is planned to take place in Cork in Spring 2011.

On April 2, 2011, Roy Harper played a concert for a small audience at Metropolis Studios as part of the ITV Legends series. The concert was recorded on video and and released on DVD as ''Classic Rock Legends: Roy Harper''.

On 24 July 2011, Harper appeared as the lunchtime guest on the British cricketing radio programme, Test Match Special. During the show Harper was interviewed and also performed When An Old Cricketer Leaves The Crease.

Awards

''HQ'' was awarded Record of the Year in Portugal in 1975. That year Harper also received a similar award in Finland for the same record.

''Work of Heart'' was awarded ''The Sunday Times'' Album of the Year in 1982.

Harper was awarded the MOJO Hero Award by the staff of ''Mojo'' magazine on 16 June 2005 at the Porchester Hall, Central London. The award itself was presented by long time collaborator and friend, Jimmy Page and now hangs upon the wall at De Barras Folk Club in Clonakilty, Ireland.

Nick Harper

One of Roy's sons, Nick Harper, is a successful singer / songwriter in his own right. In the past, Nick occasionally toured and recorded with Roy, and has appeared (as guitarist) on a number of his albums since 1985.

Discography

Studio albums

1967 – ''Sophisticated Beggar''

1968 – ''Come Out Fighting Ghengis Smith''

1969 – ''Folkjokeopus''

1970 – ''Flat Baroque and Berserk''

1971 – ''Stormcock''

1973 – ''Lifemask''

1974 – ''Valentine''

1975 – ''HQ'' (US title: ''When an Old Cricketer Leaves the Crease'')

1977 – ''Bullinamingvase'' (US title: ''One of Those Days in England'')

1980 – ''The Unknown Soldier''

1982 – ''Work of Heart''

1984 – ''Born in Captivity''

1985 – ''Whatever Happened to Jugula?'' (with Jimmy Page)

1988 – ''Descendants of Smith''

1988 – ''Loony on the Bus''

1990 – ''Once''

1992 – ''Death or Glory?''

1994 – ''Commercial Breaks'' (previously unreleased album from 1977; 9 of its 11 tracks are available on ''Loony on the Bus'')

1994 – ''Garden of Uranium'' (re-issue of ''Descendants of Smith'')

1998 – ''The Dream Society''

2000 – ''The Green Man''

Live albums

1974 – ''Flashes from the Archives of Oblivion''

1984 – ''Live at the Red Lion, Birmingham '' (Volume I & II Limited edition cassette)

1985 – ''Live at the Red Lion, Birmingham '' (Volume III Limited edition cassette)

1986 – ''In Between Every Line''

1992 – ''Born in Captivity II'' (Limited edition cassette)

1993 – ''Unhinged'' (Edited version of ''Born in Captivity II'')

1996 – ''Live At Les Cousins''

1997 – ''The BBC Tapes – Volume I (1969–1973)''

1997 – ''The BBC Tapes – Volume II (In Concert 1974)''

1997 – ''The BBC Tapes – Volume III (BBC Sessions 1974)''

1999 – ''The BBC Tapes – Volume IV (In Concert 1975)''

1997 – ''The BBC Tapes – Volume V (BBC Sessions 1975 - 1978)''

1997 – ''The BBC Tapes – Volume VI (In Concert 1978 with Andy Roberts)''

2001 – ''Royal Festival Hall Live – June 10th 2001''

Compilations, remixes, etc.

1977 – ''The Early Years''

1978 – ''Harper 1970-1975''

1994 – ''Death or Glory?'' (tracks 1 & 9 remixed)

1994 – ''An Introduction to .....''

1997 – ''Song of the Ages'' (3-CD collection of Roy Harper interviews)

1997 – ''Poems, Speeches, Thoughts and Doodles'' (collection of spoken tracks with occasional instrumentation)

2001 – ''Hats Off'' (compilation of collaborative tracks)

2001 – ''East of the Sun'' (compilation of love songs)

2002 – ''Today Is Yesterday'' (compilation of demo, unreleased and rare material from 1964–1967)

2005 – ''Counter Culture''

2007 – ''From Occident to Orient'' (compilation; initially a Japanese-only release)

Collaborations

1971 – "Ravneferd" (co-written with Lillebjørn Nilsen for the album ''Tilbake'')

1975 – "Have a Cigar" (guest lead vocals for Pink Floyd)

1978 – "Short and Sweet" (co-written with David Gilmour. (Appears on ''David Gilmour'' and ''The Unknown Soldier'')

1995 – ''The Edges of Twilight'' (spoken word on hidden track for The Tea Party)

1995 – "Time" (lead vocals for The Tea Party's ''Alhambra'' multimedia CD)

1996 – "Hope" (spoken word on Anathema's album, ''Eternity'')

Singles / 12" Singles / EPs

1966 – ''Take Me Into Your Eyes / Pretty Baby''

1967 – ''Midspring Dithering / Zengem''

1968 – ''Life Goes By / Nobody's Got Any Money in the Summer''

1972 – ''Bank of the Dead / Little Lady''

1974 – ''(Don't You Think We're) Forever / Male Chauvinist Pig Blues'' (live)

1974 – ''Home'' (live) / ''Home'' (studio)

1975 – ''When an Old Cricketer Leaves the Crease / Hallucinating Light (live)''

1975 – ''Grown-Ups Are Just Silly Children / Referendum (Legend)''

1977 – ''One of Those Days in England / Watford Gap''

1977 – ''One of Those Days in England / Watford Gap'' (Germany)

1977 – ''Sail Away / Cherishing the Lonesome''

1978 – ''When an Old Cricketer Leaves the Crease / Home'' (studio)

1980 – ''Playing Games / First Thing in the Morning''

1980 – ''Short and Sweet / Water Sports / The Unknown Soldier''

1982 – ''No-One Ever Gets Out Alive / Casualty'' (live at Glastonbury 1982)

1983 – ''I Still Care / Goodbye Ladybird'' (acoustic)

1985 – ''Elizabeth / Advertisement / I Hate the White Man (live)'' (12" single)

1988 – ''Laughing Inside'' (acoustic)

1990 – ''Burn the World'' (2 track CD / EP)

1992 – ''The Methane Zone'' (4-track CD / single)

2005 – ''The Death of God'' (2-track CD / single)

Downloads

2005 – ''The Passions of Great Fortune, Vol. 1'' (iTunes Download)

Bootlegs

1992 – ''Heavy Crazy (Live in London 1974)'' (incomplete bootleg CD of ''The BBC Tapes – Volume II (In Concert 1974)'')

Videography

1984 – ''Stonehenge 84''

1986 – ''Live in Your Living Room''

1990 – ''Once''

2005 – ''Beyond the Door'' (DVD)

2011 - ''Classic Rock Legends: Roy Harper'' (DVD)

Filmography

1972 – ''Made''

1976 – ''The Song Remains the Same''

2009 – ''Brokeback Cowboy'' 2011 – ''Rebel City Rumble'' (in pre-production)

Bibliography

2003 – ''The Passions of Great Fortune – The Songs Explored'' (ISBN 0-9545264-0-6)

References

External links

Roy Harper Website

The Stormcock Community fan site

Category:1941 births Category:Living people Category:English songwriters Category:English male singers Category:English rock guitarists Category:English guitarists Category:Musicians from Manchester Category:People from Rusholme Category:People educated at King Edward VII and Queen Mary School

ca:Roy Harper cs:Roy Harper de:Roy Harper fr:Roy Harper it:Roy Harper he:רוי הארפר hu:Roy Harper nl:Roy Harper ja:ロイ・ハーパー no:Roy Harper pl:Roy Harper ru:Харпер, Рой fi:Roy Harper tr:Roy Harper

name	Edie Sedgwick
birth name	Edith Minturn Sedgwick
birth date	April 20, 1943
birth place	Santa Barbara, California, U.S.
death date	November 16, 1971
death place	Santa Barbara, California, U.S.
occupation	Artist, socialite, model, actress
years active	1965–1971
spouse	}}

Edith Minturn "Edie" Sedgwick (April 20, 1943 – November 16, 1971) was an American actress, socialite, model and heiress. She is best known for being one of Andy Warhol's superstars. Sedgwick became known as "The Girl of the Year" in 1965 after starring in several of Warhol's short films, in the 1960s. Dubbed an "It Girl", ''Vogue'' magazine also named her a "Youthquaker".

Family background and early life

Edie Sedgwick was born in Santa Barbara, California, to Alice Delano de Forest (1908–1988) and Francis Minturn Sedgwick, (1904–1967, known as either "Duke" or "Fuzzy"), a philanthropist, rancher and sculptor. She was named after her father's aunt, Edith Minturn, famously painted, with her husband, Isaac Newton Phelps-Stokes, by John Singer Sargent.

Sedgwick's family was long established in Massachusetts history. Her seventh-great grandfather, English-born Robert Sedgwick, was the first Major General of the Massachusetts Bay Colony settling in Charlestown, Massachusetts in 1635. Edie's family later originated from Stockbridge, Massachusetts where her great-great-great grandfather Judge Theodore Sedgwick had settled after the American Revolution. Theodore married Pamela Dwight of the New England Dwight family who was the daughter of Abigail (Williams) Dwight, which means that Ephraim Williams, the founder of Williams College, was her fifth-great grandfather. Theodore Sedgwick was the first to plead and win a case for the freedom of a black woman, Elizabeth Freeman, under the Massachusetts Bill of Rights that declared all men to be born free and equal. Sedgwick's mother was the daughter of Henry Wheeler de Forest (President and Chairman of the Board of the Southern Pacific Railroad and a direct descendant of Jessé de Forest whose Dutch West India Company helped to settle New Amsterdam). Jessé de Forest was also Edie's seventh-great grandfather. Her paternal grandfather was the historian and acclaimed author Henry Dwight Sedgwick III; her great grandmother, Susanna Shaw, was the sister of Robert Gould Shaw, the American Civil War Colonel; and her great-great grandfather, Robert Bowne Minturn, was a part owner of the ''Flying Cloud'' clipper ship and is credited with creating and promoting Central Park in New York City. And her great-great-great grandfather, William Ellery, was a signatory of the United States Declaration of Independence.

She was the first cousin, once removed, of actress Kyra Sedgwick. Kyra is the daughter of Henry Dwight Sedgwick V (Edie's first cousin), the son of Robert Minturn Sedgwick, who was the older brother of Francis Minturn Sedgwick.

Despite her family's wealth and high social status, Edie's early life was troubled. All the Sedgwick children had deeply conflicted relationships with their father Fuzzy—they adored him, but by most accounts he was narcissistic, emotionally remote, controlling and frequently abusive. Her eldest sister Alice ("Saucie") eventually broke with the family and her two older brothers died prematurely. Francis (known as "Minty"), who had a particularly unhappy relationship with Fuzzy, suffered several breakdowns, eventually committing suicide in 1964 while in a psychiatric hospital. Her oldest brother Robert ("Bobby"), who also suffered from mental health problems, died in a motorcycle accident in 1965. Edie had a very difficult relationship with her father, who openly carried on affairs with other women. On one occasion she walked in on him while he was having sex with one of his paramours. She flew into a rage, but Fuzzy claimed that Edie imagined the whole event. As a result of her emotional problems, Edie developed anorexia by her early teens and settled into a lifelong pattern of binging and purging.

The Sedgwick children were raised on their family's California ranches. Initially schooled at home and cared for by nannies, their lives were rigidly controlled by their parents; they were largely isolated from the outside world and it was instilled into them that they were superior to most of their peers. At age 13 (the year her grandfather Babbo died) Edie began boarding at the Branson School near San Francisco, but, according to Saucie, she was soon taken out of the school because of her anorexia. In 1958 she was enrolled at St. Timothy's School in Maryland. She initially made a dazzling impression but soon ran into trouble and was taken out the following year. At this point, apparently a serious rift developed between Edie's parents, and her mother left the country with Edie, intending to take her to stay with a noble family in Austria. However, this arrangement was terminated almost immediately, and Edie and her mother reportedly returned to the United States within 48 hours.

In the fall of 1962, at Fuzzy's insistence, Edie was admitted to the Silver Hill Hospital in New Canaan, Connecticut. According to fellow patient Virginia Davis, the regime was very lax there, and Edie and her friends often left the hospital after lunch and went into town on shopping sprees, charging up thousands of dollars worth of goods on credit at local stores. Edie easily manipulated the situation at Silver Hill, but her weight kept dropping to just ninety pounds. Consequently, her family had her transferred to a "closed" facility at Bloomingdale, the Westchester County, New York division of the New York Hospital. There, thanks to the strict treatment program, Edie's condition improved markedly. Around the time she left the hospital she had a brief relationship with a Harvard student, became pregnant and procured an abortion with her mother's help.

In the fall of 1963 Edie moved to Cambridge, Massachusetts and began studying art with her cousin Lily Saarinen. During this period she partied with members of the bohemian fringe of the Harvard social scene, which included many gay men. Jean Stein's biography includes an account by her friend Ed Hennessy of the occasion on which Edie and her friends bluffed their way into the Ritz Hotel in Boston by claiming that her father had a charge account there. They ordered a lavish meal, which reportedly cost around $250 (equal to perhaps 10 times that amount today) and when the bill was presented, to the amazement of the staff and her friends, Edie added a 100 percent tip. After the bill had been paid, the party grew even wilder, with Edie at one point climbing onto a table and singing her favorite song, Richard Rodgers' "Loads of Love".

Edie was deeply affected by the loss of her brothers, who died within 18 months of each other. Francis (nicknamed "Minty") also had a troubled life; he became an alcoholic in his early teens, triggering a downward spiral of drug and alcohol abuse, and in late 1963 he suffered a serious breakdown and was admitted to Bellevue Hospital before being transferred to Silver Hill. According to her friend Ed Hennessy, Edie told him that Minty had finally admitted to his father that he was homosexual, and that this had enraged Fuzzy, who said that he would never speak to him again. Shortly after this, in May 1963, on the day before his twenty-sixth birthday, Minty hanged himself with a tie from the door of his bathroom at Silver Hill.

By the time of Minty's death Edie had moved to New York City. She lived at first with her senile grandmother, who had an apartment on 75th Street, but in late fall 1964 she took an apartment in the East Sixties between Fifth and Madison, which her mother decorated lavishly. Edie embarked on a constant round of partying and spent her trust fund at an astonishing rate; according to friend Tom Goodwin she went through eighty thousand dollars in just six months and bought huge amounts of clothing, jewelery and cosmetics. After her 'chauffeur' crashed the gray Mercedes she had been given by her father, she began using limousine services constantly, moving from company to company each time she had exhausted her credit. She also began experimenting with drugs and was reportedly introduced to LSD by friends from Cambridge who knew Timothy Leary and Richard Alpert.

Edie's eldest brother Bobby was also experiencing serious mental health problems, and in late 1963, a few months before Minty's breakdown, Bobby too suffered a breakdown and his sister Saucie had to have him admitted to Bellevue. He became increasingly self-destructive, crashing a sports car and habitually riding his powerful Harley Davidson motorcycle without a helmet. Bobby was asked not to attend the Sedgwick Christmas gathering in California (according to Saucie, his father told Bobby he was a "bad influence" on the other children) and on 31 December 1964 Bobby suffered critical head injuries when his bike slammed into the side of a bus on Eighth Avenue in New York City; he never regained consciousness and died in hospital twelve days later, aged 36. Edie told her friend Gillian Walker that she knew that Bobby was going to die and that he had killed himself. In Walker's view, Edie dealt with these tragedies by suppressing her feelings and throwing herself back into the New York party world.

Shortly after Bobby's death, Edie was herself injured in a car accident in California, in which she suffered a broken knee. She was fearful that her father might use this as an excuse to have her sent back into psychiatric care, so with her mother's help she surreptitiously left California and returned to New York.

The Factory days

In March 1965, Sedgwick met artist and avant-garde filmmaker Andy Warhol at Lester Persky's apartment. She began going to The Factory regularly in March 1965 with her friend, Chuck Wein. During one of those visits, Warhol was filming ''''Vinyl'''', his interpretation of the novel ''A Clockwork Orange''. Despite ''Vinyl'''s all-male cast, Warhol put Sedgwick in the movie. She also made a small cameo appearance in another Warhol film, ''Horse'', when she entered towards the end of the film. Although Sedgwick's appearances in both films were brief, they generated so much interest that Warhol decided to create a vehicle in which she could star.

The first of those films, ''Poor Little Rich Girl'', was originally conceived as part of a series featuring Sedgwick, called ''The Poor Little Rich Girl Saga''. The series was to include ''Poor Little Rich Girl'', ''Restaurant'', ''Face'' and ''Afternoon''. Filming of ''Poor Little Rich Girl'' started in March 1965 in Sedgwick's apartment. The first reel shows Sedgwick waking up, ordering coffee and orange juice, and putting on her makeup in silence with only an Everly Brothers record playing. Due to a problem with the camera lens, the footage on the first reel is completely out of focus. The second reel consists of Sedgwick smoking cigarettes, talking on the telephone, trying on clothes, and describing how she had spent her entire inheritance in six months.

On April 30, 1965, Warhol took Sedgwick, Chuck Wein and Gerard Malanga to the opening of his exhibition at the Sonnabend Gallery in Paris. On returning to New York City, Warhol asked his scriptwriter, Ron Tavel, to write a script for Sedgwick, “something in a kitchen – something white, and clean, and plastic,” Warhol is to have said, according to Ric Burns' ''Andy Warhol: A Documentary Film.'' The result was ''Kitchen'', starring Sedgwick, Rene Ricard, Roger Trudeau, Donald Lyons and Elecktrah. After ''Kitchen'', Chuck Wein replaced Ron Tavel as writer and assistant director for the filming of ''Beauty No. 2'', in which Sedgwick appeared with Gino Piserchio. ''Beauty No. 2'' premiered at the Film-Makers' Cinematheque at the Astor Place Playhouse on July 17.

Although Warhol's films were not commercially successful and rarely seen outside The Factory circle, but as Sedgwick's notoriety grew, mainstream media outlets began reporting on her appearances in Warhol's underground films and her unusual fashion sense. During this period she developed her "trademark" look -- black leotards, mini dresses, and large chandelier earrings. Sedgwick also cut her hair short and colored her naturally brown hair with silver spray, creating a similar look to the wigs Warhol wore. Warhol christened her his "Superstar" and both were photographed together at various social outings.

Throughout 1965, Sedgwick and Warhol continued making films together -- ''Outer and Inner Space'', ''Prison'', ''Lupe'' and ''Chelsea Girls''. However, by late 1965, Sedgwick and Warhol's relationship had deteriorated and Sedgwick requested that Warhol no longer show any of her films. She asked that the footage she filmed for ''Chelsea Girls'' be removed and it was replaced with footage of Nico, with colored lights projected on her face and The Velvet Underground music playing in the background. The edited footage of Sedgwick in ''Chelsea Girls'' would eventually become the film ''Afternoon''.

''Lupe'' is often thought to be Sedgwick's last Warhol film, but Sedgwick filmed ''The Andy Warhol Story'' with Rene Ricard in 1966, almost a year after she filmed ''Lupe''. ''The Andy Warhol Story'' was an unreleased film that was only screened once at The Factory. The film featured Sedgwick, along with Rene Ricard, satirically pretending to be Andy Warhol. It is thought to be either lost or destroyed.

Bob Dylan and Bob Neuwirth

Following her estrangement from Warhol's inner circle, Sedgwick began living at the Chelsea Hotel, where she became close to Bob Dylan. Dylan's friends eventually convinced Sedgwick to sign up with Albert Grossman, Dylan's manager. Sedgwick and Dylan's relationship ended when Sedgwick learned Dylan had married Sara Lownds in a secret ceremony – something she apparently learned from Warhol during an argument at the Gingerman Restaurant in February 1966.

According to Paul Morrissey, Sedgwick had said: "'They're [Dylan's people] going to make a film and I'm supposed to star in it with Bobby [Dylan].' Suddenly it was Bobby this and Bobby that, and they realized that she had a crush on him. They thought he'd been leading her on, because just that day Andy had heard in his lawyer's office that Dylan had been secretly married for a few months – he married Sara Lownds in November 1965... Andy couldn't resist asking, 'Did you know, Edie, that Bob Dylan has gotten married?' She was trembling. They realized that she really thought of herself as entering a relationship with Dylan, that maybe he hadn't been truthful."

Several weeks before the December 29, 2006 one-week release of the controversial film ''Factory Girl'' (described by ''The Village Voice'' review as "Edie for Dummies)," the Weinstein Company and the film's producers interviewed Sedgwick's older brother, Jonathan, who asserted that she had "had an abortion of the child she was (supposedly) carrying by Dylan." Jonathan Sedgwick, a retired airplane designer, was flown in from Idaho to New York City by the distributor to meet Sienna Miller, who was playing his late sister, as well as to give an eight-hour video interview with details about the purported liaison between Edie and Dylan, which the distributor promptly released to the news media. Jonathan claims an abortion took place soon after "Edie was badly hurt in a motorcycle crash and sent to an emergency unit. As a result of the accident, doctors consigned her to a mental hospital where she was treated for drug addiction." No hospital records or Sedgwick family records exist to support this story. Nonetheless, Edie's brother also claimed "Staff found she was pregnant but, fearing the baby had been damaged by her drug use and anorexia, forced her to have the abortion." However, according to Edie Sedgwick's personal medical records and oral life-history tape recorded less than a year before her death for her final film, ''Ciao! Manhattan'', there is credible evidence that the only abortion she underwent in her lifetime was at age 20 in 1963.

Throughout most of 1966, Sedgwick was involved in an intensely private yet tumultuous relationship with Dylan's closest friend, Bob Neuwirth. During this period, she became increasingly dependent on barbiturates. Although she abused many drugs, there is no evidence that Sedgwick ever became a heroin addict. In early 1967, unable to cope with Sedgwick's drug abuse and erratic behavior, Neuwirth broke off their relationship.

Later years

Sedgwick auditioned for Norman Mailer's play ''The Deer Park'', but Mailer thought she "wasn't very good... She used so much of herself with every line that we knew she'd be immolated after three performances."

In April 1967, Sedgwick began shooting ''Ciao! Manhattan'', an underground movie. After initial footage was shot in New York, co-directors John Palmer and David Weisman continued working on the film over the course of the next five years. Sedgwick's rapidly deteriorating health saw her return to her family in California, spending time in several different psychiatric institutions. In August 1969, she was hospitalized in the psychiatric ward of Cottage Hospital after being arrested for drug offenses by the local police. While in the hospital, Sedgwick met another patient, Michael Brett Post, whom she would later marry. Sedgwick was in the hospital again in the summer of 1970, but was let out under the supervision of a psychiatrist, two nurses, and the live-in care of filmmaker John Palmer and his wife Janet. Staunchly determined to finish ''Ciao! Manhattan'' and have her story told, Sedgwick recorded audio-tapes reflecting upon her life story, which enabled Weisman and Palmer to incorporate her accounts into the film's dramatic arc.

Last years and death

Sedgwick married Michael Post on July 24, 1971, and under his influence she reportedly stopped abusing alcohol and other drugs for a short time. Her sobriety lasted until October, when pain medication was given to her to treat a physical illness. She remained under the care of her physician Dr. Wells, who prescribed her barbiturates, but she would demand more pills or claim that she had lost them in order to get more, and often combined the medications with alcohol. Post was later put in charge of administering her medication; by his account, she took at least two 300 mg Quaalude tablets and two capsules of three-grain Tuinal every night, in addition to alcohol and whatever other drugs she may have been secretly consuming.

On the night of November 15, 1971, Sedgwick went to a fashion show at the Santa Barbara Museum, a segment of which was filmed for the television show ''An American Family''. After the fashion show, she attended a party where (according to the accounts of her husband and brother-in-law) a drunken guest insulted her by calling her a heroin addict and repeatedly asserting that her marriage would fail. Sedgwick phoned Post, who arrived at the party and, seeing her distress at the accusations, took her back to their apartment around one in the morning. On the way home, Sedgwick expressed thoughts of uncertainty about their marriage. Before they both fell asleep, Post gave Sedgwick the medication that had been prescribed for her. According to Post, Sedgwick started to fall asleep very quickly, and her breathing was, "bad – it sounded like there was a big hole in her lungs," but he attributed that to her heavy smoking habit and went to sleep.

When Post awoke the following morning, Edie Sedgwick was dead. The coroner ruled Sedgwick's death as "undetermined/accident/suicide." The time of death was estimated to be 9:20 A.M. The death certificate claims the immediate cause was "probable acute barbiturate intoxication" due to ethanol intoxication. Sedgwick's alcohol level was registered at 0.17% and her barbiturate level was 0.48 mg%. She was 28. Allegedly when learning of Sedgwick's death, Andy Warhol responded with "Edie who?".

Sedgwick was buried in the small Oak Hill Cemetery in Ballard, California in a simple grave. Her epitaph reads "Edith Sedgwick Post – Wife Of Michael Brett Post 1943–1971." Her mother Alice was buried next to her in 1988.

In popular culture

In music

Bob Dylan's "Just Like a Woman" and "Leopard-Skin Pill-Box Hat" from his 1966 album ''Blonde on Blonde'' are purportedly about Sedgwick. His 1965 #2 single "Like a Rolling Stone" was also reportedly inspired by her.

The Velvet Underground song "Femme Fatale" from the 1967 album ''The Velvet Underground & Nico'' is an ode to Edie. It is explicitly stated before the beginning of the song on their live set in San Francisco (Documented in the Quine Tapes) on November 7, 1969.

Lloyd Cole and the Commotions included a song about Edie Sedgwick called "Grace" on their 1985 ''Easy Pieces'' album.

The alternative rock band Dramarama used a photograph of Sedgwick on their 1985 album ''Cinéma Vérité''. On that album, the song "All I Want" makes a reference to Edith Sedgwick Post. Dramarama also recorded a version of The Velvet Underground's "Femme Fatale" on their first ''Cinema Verite'', and their debut EP ''Comedy''.

Etienne Daho song "La Ballade d'Edie S." from 1985 is about Edie Sedgwick

The Adult Net released a single called 'Edie' in 1985 on ''Beggars Banquet'' which was an homage to Edie Sedgwick.

James Ray and the Performance wrote a song about her called "Edie Sedgwick" on the b-side of the 12" version of their debut 1986 single, "Mexico Sundown Blues". A remake was recorded on the James Rays Gangwar LP, ''Psychodalek'', titled "Edie."

Edie Brickell & New Bohemians wrote a song about her called "Little Miss S" which was on their ''Shooting Rubberbands at the Stars'' album released in 1988.

The Cult wrote a song about her life called "Edie (Ciao Baby)" which was on their ''Sonic Temple'' album, released in 1989. It was released as a single and video-clip starring an Edie-Double. The cover featured the famous ''Ciao! Manhattan'' cover shot and a tribute to Angel.

Madonna played Edie Sedgwick in her Deeper and Deeper video in 1992.

The Dream Academy dedicated the song "Girl In a Million" to Edie Sedgwick on their ''Three Steps Past the Edge of Forever'' release in 1997.

Will Young's 2002 music video for the remake of The Doors song "Light My Fire" features model Fanni Bostrom as Sedgwick. The video is loosely based on Sedgwick's last film ''Ciao! Manhattan''.

The Long Blondes reference Edie, along with Arlene Dahl, in the song "Lust in the Movies" from the 2006 album, ''Someone To Drive You Home''. Following the reference is the line 'I just want to be a sweetheart.'

Alizée released a song in 2008 called "Fifty-Sixty", which centers on the relationship of Edie and Andy Warhol. In 2010, Alizée released an album inspired by and about Sedgwick titled ''Une Enfant Du Siècle''.

Leddra Chapman's 2009 song Edie, in her album ''Telling Tales'', is based on Edie's role as a muse.

Justin Moyer (formerly of El Guapo/Supersystem) has a 2010 solo project called "Edie Sedgwick" in which he dresses in drag.

Martin Lyon's "Edie Sedgwick's Waltz" by the Dream Machine Experience.

In films

In the 1980s, Warren Beatty bought the rights to Edie's life story and was planning to make a movie with Molly Ringwald starring as Sedgwick. It was also reported a film entitled ''The War at Home'' was to be loosely based on her life during The Factory years, with Linda Fiorentino slated to portray her. It was to be based on John Byrum's fictionalized account of a working-class man who becomes enamored with her. Neither was ever produced.

Sedgwick was portrayed by Jennifer Rubin in Oliver Stone's 1991 film ''The Doors'', starring Val Kilmer, during the Factory party scene when Jim Morrison meets Andy Warhol.

In the 2002 film ''Igby Goes Down'', Amanda Peet's character, Rachel is described as an "Edie Sedgwick wanna-be" and dresses in Edie inspired attire throughout the film. Director Mike Nichols and actress Natalie Portman considered doing a film about Edie and Andy Warhol, but instead decided to film an adaption of Patrick Marber's play ''Closer'', released in 2004. Sienna Miller played Sedgwick in George Hickenlooper's film ''Factory Girl'', a fictionalized film about Sedgwick's life and times, released in December 2006. The film portrays Warhol, played by Guy Pearce, as a cynic who leads Edie to psychiatric problems and later death. In the film, Hayden Christensen plays "Billy Quinn", an apparent conglomeration of various characters but a look-alike of Bob Dylan. (As of late 2006, Dylan was apparently threatening to pursue a defamation lawsuit, claiming the film implicates him as having driven Sedgwick to her ultimate demise and eventual death.) Michael Post, Sedgwick's widower, appears as a taxi driver in one of the last scenes of the film.

The 2007 film ''I'm Not There'' based on Bob Dylan's life and times features an Edie-like character named "CoCo Rivington," played by Michelle Williams.

Other

One of the poems from Patti Smith's 1972 book ''Seventh Heaven'' is called "Edie Sedgwick".

A 2004 off-Broadway play entitled ''Andy & Edie'', written and produced by ''Peter Braunstein'', ran for ten days. Misha Moore, who portrayed Sedgwick, represented to the media that she was Sedgwick's niece. At the request of the Sedgwick family, the ''New York Times'' published a notice of correction.

In the fall of 2006, ''Ciao! Manhattan'' co-Director, David Weisman, announced on ''Access Hollywood'' that a documentary about Sedgwick is being developed with the same title of the book he co-authored, ''Edie: Girl on Fire.''

Filmography

+Film
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1965			Non-speaking role
1965			Non-speaking role
1965	''Bitch''
1965	''Screen Test No.1''	Herself
1965	''Screen Test No.2''	Herself
1965
1965	''Face''
1965	''Restaurant''
1965	''Kitchen''
1965	''Afternoon''
1965	''Space''
1965
1965	''Factory Diaries''
1965	''Outer and Inner Space''
1965	''Prison''		Alternative title: ''Girls in Prison''
1966	''Lupe''
1966	''''
1967–1968	''****''		Alternative title: ''The Four Star Movie''
1969	''Diaries, Notes and Sketches''	Herself	Alternative title: ''Walden''
1972	''Ciao! Manhattan''	Susan Superstar

Bibliography

Victor Bockris and Gerard Malanga: ''Uptight: The Velvet Underground Story''

Victor Bockris: ''Andy Warhol''

Michael Opray: ''Andy Warhol. Film Factory''

Jean Stein: ''Edie: American Girl"

Andy Warhol: ''The Philosophy of Andy Warhol''

Melissa Painter and David Weisman: ''Edie: Girl on Fire'' Book and Film

Steven Watson: ''Factory Made: Warhol And the Sixties''

Nat Finkelstein and David Dalton: ''Edie: Factory Girl''

References

External links

''Blast'' Magazine Article "Girl on Fire"

Category:1943 births Category:1971 deaths Category:Actors from California Category:American female models Category:American artists' models Category:American artists Category:American film actors Category:American socialites Category:Delano family Category:Drug-related deaths in California Category:People from New York City Category:People from Santa Barbara, California Category:Sedgwick family Category:Warhol Superstars

de:Edie Sedgwick es:Edie Sedgwick fr:Edie Sedgwick it:Edie Sedgwick he:אידי סדג'וויק nl:Edie Sedgwick ja:イーディ・セジウィック no:Edie Sedgwick pl:Edie Sedgwick pt:Edie Sedgwick ru:Седжвик, Эди fi:Edie Sedgwick sv:Edie Sedgwick tr:Edie Sedgwick zh:伊迪·塞奇威克