Alan Ross Anderson (1925 – 1973) was an American logician and professor of philosophy at Yale University and the University of Pittsburgh.

A frequent collaborator with Nuel Belnap, Anderson was instrumental in the development of relevance logic and deontic logic.

Anderson died of cancer in 1973.

Relevance logic[link]

Anderson believed that the conclusion of a valid inference ought to have something to do with (i.e. be relevant to) the premises. Formally, he captured this "relevance condition" with the principle that

A entails B only if A and B share at least one non-logical constant.

As simple as this idea appears, implementing it in a formal system requires a radical departure from the semantics of classical logic. Anderson and Belnap (with contributions from J. Michael Dunn, Kit Fine, Alasdair Urquhart, Robert K. Meyer, Anil Gupta (logician), and others) explored the formal consequences of the relevance condition in great detail in their influential Entailment books (see references below), which are the most frequently cited works in the field of relevance logic.

Anderson and Belnap were quick to observe that the concept of relevance had been central to logic since Aristotle, but had been unduly neglected since Gottlob Frege and George Boole laid the foundations for what would come to be known, somewhat ironically, as "classical" logic. (For an example of classical logic's failure to satisfy the relevance condition, see the article on the principle of explosion.)

Deontic logic[link]

Anderson advocated the view that sentences of the form "It ought to be (the case) that A" should be interpreted logically as:

• Not-A entails v,

where v means something like a norm has been violated. He developed systems of deontic relevance logic containing a special constant v (notation varies) for this purpose. Such systems have sometimes been characterized as "reductions" of deontic logic to alethic modal logic. This is misleading at best, however, since alethic modal logics generally do not contain anything like Anderson's special v constant.

Philosophy of logic[link]

Anderson was known for being a Platonist (or realist, or monist) about logic; he believed in "The One True Logic," and he believed that it was a relevance logic.

Resources[link]

• Anderson, A. R. 1967. Some nasty problems in the formal logic of ethics. Nous I(4): 345-60.
• Anderson, A. R. and Belnap, N. D. 1975. Entailment: The Logic of Relevance and Necessity. Vol. 1. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
• Anderson, A. R., Belnap, N. D., and Dunn, J. M. 1992. Entailment: The Logic of Relevance and Necessity. Vol. 2. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07339-2
• Mares, E. D. 1992. Andersonian deontic logic. Theoria 58: 3-20.

Alan John Ross, (6 May 1922 – 14 February 2001), was a British poet, writer and editor. He was born in Calcutta, India, where he spent the first seven years of his life. When he was sent to be educated in Falmouth, England, Ross spoke better Hindustani than English.

Early years[link]

Following preparatory school Ross boarded at Haileybury where, being both small for his age and a latecomer to his year, he initially suffered greatly from bullying—to his intense relief the bully was killed in a vacation cycling accident—but his stock quickly rose when he revealed a talent which matched his passion for cricket. With a hint of the debonair style that was to characterise his life, he avoided participation in the OTC and all study of mathematics and science, instead enjoying art, French poetry and racquet sports. As a senior boy he was caned for making an unlicensed visit to Wimbledon; it was his misfortune that he figured, smoking a cigarette, in a photograph of spectators carried in his headmaster's newspaper the following morning.^[1]

In 1940 he went to read modern languages at St John's College, Oxford, where he was a contemporary of Philip Larkin and Kingsley Amis. Ross represented the university at both cricket and squash but did not complete his studies after joining the Royal Navy in 1941. Before doing so, he appeared in the annual match against Cambridge at Lord's in 1941, but because of World War II the fixture was reduced to a single day and did not have first-class status.^[2] The same season he appeared in one one-day match for Northamptonshire.

Naval career[link]

During his first two years in the Royal Navy, Ross served on several destroyers escorting supply ships to the Soviet Union. On 30 December 1942 Ross was almost killed whilst serving aboard HMS Onslow (G17), the leading destroyer in a convoy assigned to fend off a strong flotilla of German capital ships intent on annihilating the arctic convoy JW51B, at the Battle of the Barents Sea. He was ordered to take a turn controlling a fire below in the forward part of the ship and, to save the main body of the ship in the event of an explosion, sealed in for half an hour with a hose, armpit-deep in water, the bodies of two gun crews washing against him. The incident is vividly described in both his poem "J.W.51B a convoy", and his first volume of memoirs.^[3]

Journalistic career[link]

After he was demobilised in 1946 Ross decided not to resume his studies at Oxford but instead try his hand at journalism. In 1946 his first poetry collection The Derelict Day was published, it contained poems he had written whilst in the Navy. The following year the publisher John Lehmann funded Ross and the artist John Minton to travel to Corsica to produce the travel book Time Was Away.

In 1949 Ross married Jennifer Fry, only daughter of Sir Geoffrey Fry, Bt. of the Frys who founded the chocolate company. He became a sports writer for The Observer in 1950 and became the paper's cricket correspondent in 1953, the same year his son was born. Throughout the 1950s Ross was a regular contributor to Lehmann's London Magazine, before taking over as the title's editor in 1961. He edited the monthly magazine until his death; during this period it transformed from an academic literary review to a far more cutting-edge review of the arts.

Bibliography[link]

• The Derelict Day (1947)
• Time Was Away: a notebook in Corsica (1948)
• The bandit on the billiard table, a journey through Sardinia (1954)
• Something of the Sea (1954) pub. Derek Verschoyle - London
• Poems 1942-67 (1967)
• The Taj Express (1973)
• Open Sea (1975)
• Death Valley (1980)
• Blindfold Games (1986)
• Coastwise Lights (1988)
• Winter Sea: War, Journeys, Writers (1998)
• Reflections on Blue Water (2000)
• Poems (2005)

Major works on Cricket[link]

• Australia 55 (1955)
• Cape Summer and the Australians in England (1956)
• Through the Caribbean (1960)
• Australia 63 (1963)
• Ranji: Prince of Cricketers (1983)
• The Cricketer's Companion (ed) (1960). Republished as Kingswood book of cricket (1979)
• Green fading into blue (1999) (Writings on sport)

Notes[link]

1. ^ Ross, Alan (1986). Blindfold Games. London: Collins Harvill. pp. 96–111. 
2. ^ Scorecard of the University Match in which Ross played
3. ^ Blindfold Games. pp. 161–200. 

References[link]

• Haigh, Gideon. "Big pictures, artfully painted." 6 September 2008. Accessed 7 September 2008.
• Ross, Alan (1986). Blindfold Games. London, Collins Harvill. ISBN 0-00-272773-0.
• Ross, Alan (1988). Coastwise Lights. London, Collins Harvill. ISBN 0-00-271767-0.
• Obituary from The Guardian
• Photograph of Alan Ross, The Guardian. Accessed 26 October 2010.
• “Antwerp” (Poem)

Ross Anderson may refer to:

• Ross Anderson (skier) (born 1971), American alpine and speed skier
• Ross Anderson (swimmer) (born 1968), New Zealand swimmer
• Ross J. Anderson (born 1956), British researcher, writer, and industry consultant in security engineering
• Rocky Anderson (Ross C. Anderson, born 1951), mayor of Salt Lake City

This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Ray Alan (18 September 1930 – 24 May 2010) was an English ventriloquist and television entertainer from the 1950s until the 1980s. He was associated primarily with the puppet Lord Charles and later also with the puppets Tich and Quackers.

Biography[link]

Born in Greenwich, London, Alan was educated at Morden Terrace School, Lewisham.^[1] Alan was introduced to the world of entertainment at a young age, entering a talent contest at the age of five at his local Gaumont cinema.

Career[link]

Aged 13 he became a call-boy at the Lewisham Hippodrome Theatre, where he started to do magic sets on stage between acts. He then started to entertain private functions, introducing ventriloquism into his act, along with playing the ukulele.

Alan toured in cabaret all over the world and performed once with Laurel and Hardy in 1954.^[2] Laurel had provided inspiration for the look of Alan's most famous creation, Lord Charles,^[2] who first appeared at a charity show in Wormwood Scrubs Prison, London.^[1]

Alan made his television debut with Lord Charles on the BBC programme The Good Old Days in the 1960s^[3] and the pair regularly re-appeared on the programme. In the 1960s he also appeared on a children's programme Tich and Quackers with Tich, a small boy, and his pet duck Quackers. He also created the puppet character Ali Cat for the HTV series Magic Circle (1977). He was also the presenter for two years of the BBC show Ice Show. In 1985 he was a special guest for Bob Hope's birthday show at London’s Lyric Theatre. In 1986 he presented a show on Channel 4 on ventroloquism called A Gottle of Geer.

He also wrote for Tony Hancock, Dave Allen and for the shows Morecambe and Wise, The Two Ronnies and Bootsie and Snudge, usually under the pseudonym Ray Whyberd.

Later life[link]

Alan continued to perform well into his seventies, doing tours and also undertaking conference and corporate events. In 1998/1999 he entertained guests on the QE2. He also wrote for many shows, including a documentary entitled A Gottle of Geer for Channel 4, and the ITV show And There's More in 1985 which starred Jimmy Cricket. He wrote two novels 'Death and Deception' in 2007 and 'A Game of Murder' in 2008, both published by Robert Hale. From 2008, he took a break from stage work due to ill health but he did not rule out a return, if his health had permitted.

His last stage appearance was in November 2008 when he performed at a special charity concert in Bridlington organised by his friend Greg Knight who is MP for the town. At the end of his performance he received a standing ovation.

Death[link]

Alan died aged 79 on the morning of 24 May 2010. It is thought he stopped breathing overnight after complaining of feeling unwell at his home in Reigate, Surrey. His agent Peter Prichard said: "He passed away very suddenly."^[4]

Media appearances[link]

Television[link]

• David Nixon's Comedy Bandbox (1966)^[5]
• The Tich and Quackers Show (1966)
• Ice Show (1969)
• Magic Circle (1977)
• Three Little Words (c.1980)
• The Sooty Show - Soo's Party Problem (1983)
• Mike Reid's Mates and Music (1984)
• Bobby Davro's TV Weekly (1987)

Alan was also the presenter of the panel game Where in the World and of the children's quiz show It's Your Word.^[3] He also hosted Cartoon Carnival and made many appearances on later game shows such as Celebrity Squares, Give Us A Clue, Family Fortunes, 3-2-1, Bullseye and The Bob Monkhouse Show. Alan also appeared on The Des O'Connor Show and on Blue Peter.

Radio[link]

• The Impressionists, BBC Radio 2 (guest 1974–75; host 1980–88)^[3]

• Just A Minute, BBC Radio 4 (four appearances late 1970s)^{[citation needed]}

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikinews has related news: British ventriloquist Ray Alan dies at age 79

• Ray Alan at the Internet Movie Database
• Online memorial page Retrieved 24 May 2010.

Kyle Lowry

No. 7 – Houston Rockets
Point guard
Personal information
Born	(1986-03-25) March 25, 1986 (age 26) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Nationality	American
Listed height	6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)
Listed weight	205 lb (93 kg)
Career information
College	Villanova
NBA Draft	2006 / Round: 1 / Pick: 24th overall
Selected by the Memphis Grizzlies
Pro career	2006–present
Career history
Memphis Grizzlies (2006–2009) Houston Rockets (2009–present)

Kyle Lowry (born March 25, 1986 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American professional basketball player with the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association. He attended Cardinal Dougherty High School in Philadelphia where former Rocket Cuttino Mobley went. He was selected by the Grizzlies with the 24th pick in the 2006 NBA Draft. He declared for the draft after two seasons with Villanova University under coach Jay Wright.

NBA career[link]

On opening night against the New York Knicks with Damon Stoudamire leaving the game early due to injury, Lowry played for 28 minutes posting 6 points^[1] (1-4 from the field, 4-4 from the free throw line), 3 assists, 2 steals, a block, and 10 rebounds.^[2] However, his rookie season was ended after just 10 games due to a broken wrist suffered at Cleveland's Quicken Loans Arena on November 21, 2006.^[3] Eight days later he underwent successful surgery on it.^[4] He averaged 5.6 points per game, 3.10 rebounds per game, and 3.2 assists per game. The next season (2007-08), on December 7, 2007, Lowry registered 14 points, 9 rebounds and 9 assists^[5] in 50 minutes^[6] in a 118-116 Grizzlies overtime loss to the New Orleans Hornets. At the NBA trade deadline on February 19, 2009, Lowry was traded by Memphis to the Houston Rockets in a 3-team deal involving the Orlando Magic.^[7]

After 2009-2010 NBA season, Lowry became a restricted free agent. On July 14, 2010, he signed an offer sheet of 4 years and $23 million tendered by the Cleveland Cavaliers.^[8] One week later, Rockets matched the offer.^[9]

On December 3, 2010, Lowry scored 28 points and career-tying 12 assists to go with his three rebounds and two steals in a 127-116 victory over the Memphis Grizzlies. On December 7, 2010, he again tied his career-high 12 assists, but this time to go with a career-high 6 steals against the Detroit Pistons. On December 17, 2010, Lowry set a new career-high 18 assists, to go along with 17 points and 5 steals in a 103-87 win over the Memphis Grizzlies.

On February 16, 2011, Lowry scored a career-high 36 points in the Rockets' final game before the All-Star Break. He connected with his first 11 shots (finishing 13-16 overall) in a loss against his hometown team, the Philadelphia 76ers.

On March 20, 2011, Lowry scored 28 points, 10 assists and career-high 11 rebounds in a 110-108 home victory over Utah Jazz to complete his first career triple-double. He was named Western Conference Player of the Week for the first time in career, for his performance between March 14 and March 20, 2011. During the week, he averaged 19.3 points, 7.5 assists and 7.3 rebounds, shooting 52.6 percent and 45 percent of his 3s to lead the Houston Rockets to a 4-0 record of the week.

Endorsements[link]

Lowry is signed with Peak Sport, a Chinese company that makes basketball equipment.

NBA career statistics[link]

Regular season[link]

Playoffs[link]

College[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Kyle Lowry at NBA.com
• Kyle Lowry at Basketball-Reference.com
• NBA.com prospect profile
• NBA Draft.net player profile
• ESPN.com player card