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Ninth grade is the ninth post-kindergarten year of school education in some school systems. The students are 14 to 15 years of age, depending on when their birthday is. Depending on the school district, ninth grade is usually the first year of high school, or the last year of middle school. In America, it is often called Freshman year.

Australia[link]

In Australian state, high school starts in Grade 8 for Western Australia, South Australia and Queensland. High Schools in Victoria, Tasmania, Northern Territory, New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory start high school at Grade 7. In mathematics, the classes focus on geometry, substitutions and formulas, measurements and equations.

Canada[link]

In Canada, Grade Nine can be either the first or second year of high school, or the last year or second to last year of middle school (often called Middle School in Canada), depending on the region. Grade nines in Canada are 13 to 15, depending on the time in the school year.

Graduating requirements in Ontario:

• 1 French
• 1 Physical Education & Health
• 1 Canadian Geography
• 1 Canadian History
• 1 The Arts (Optional between drama, art, or music)
• 0.5 Civics
• 0.5 Careers
• 2 Science
• 3 Math
• 69 English
• 1 additional credit (group 1): additional credit in English, or French as a second language,** or a Native language, or a classical or an international language, or social sciences and the humanities, or *Canadian and world studies, or guidance and career education, or cooperative education***
• 1 additional credit (group 2): additional credit in health and physical education, or the arts, or business studies, or French as a second language,** or cooperative education***
• 1 additional credit (group 3): additional credit in science (Grade 11 or 12), or technological education, or French as a second language,** or computer studies, or cooperative education***
• Plus 12 optional credits
• Plus a successful pass on the provincial literacy requirement

• A maximum of 3 credits in English as a second language (ESL) or English literacy development (ELD) may be counted towards the 4 compulsory credits in English, but the fourth must be a credit earned for a Grade 12 compulsory English course.
  • In groups 1, 2, and 3, a maximum of 2 credits in French as a second language can count as compulsory credits, one from group 1 and one from either group 2 or group 3.
    • A maximum of 2 credits in cooperative education can count as compulsory credits.

†The 12 optional credits may include up to 4 credits earned through approved dual credit courses.^{[according to whom?]}

Denmark[link]

In Denmark, ninth grade is around the same thing as in Sweden. Afterwards you can choose to go through tenth grade but it is not required. The students are 15–16 years old.

Finland[link]

In Finland, ninth grade is the last year of compulsory schooling. The students are usually 15 – 16 years old. Afterwards you can choose to go through tenth grade but it is not required. The meaning of tenth grade is to give an opportunity to improve your grades.

France[link]

In France, the equivalent grade is the troisième or "3eme" and it is the final school year before high school. Students prepare an exam, called "Brevet National du Collège " (BNC). Then, if they succeed, they will get their first certificate.

Ireland[link]

In Ireland, it is the Third Year or Tríú Bhlian of Secondary School (for 14–15 year olds) this is known as 3rd year. This year is the year students take the Junior Certificate or Teastas Sóisearach.

New Zealand[link]

In New Zealand, Year 10 (or Form 4) is the equivalent of ninth grade, with students aged 14–15. It is the second year of secondary school.

Mexico[link]

In Mexico, ninth grade is the last year of middle school. The students are aged 14–15.

India[link]

In India, the ninth grade is the second last year of the secondary school. Students undergo and prepare for final seconadry school examinations called the SSC Exam for two years i.e. grade 9 and 10 before getting into higher secondary i.e. grade 11 and 12 called the HSSC Exam.

Sweden[link]

In Sweden, ninth grade is the last year of compulsory comprehensive school (elementary school). The students are usually between 14 and 16 years old. This grade is where students get their final grades with which they apply to the next step in the Swedish school-system. That makes ninth grade an important grade for most students.

United Kingdom (excluding Scotland)[link]

In British schools, 9th grade (in terms of age requirements) is equivalent to year 10 (called Year 11 in Northern Ireland), the fourth year of Comprehensive School/High/Grammar School. However, students in the UK start comprehensive school, High School or Grammar School (the school in which they attend is based upon their academic ability) at the age of 11, and finish at either 15 or 16 years old, depending on when in the academic year their birthday falls (September 1 – 31 August) when they sit GCSE exams. By the end of the summer holidays every student that left in July will be now 16. Non-compulsory education continues where students can choose to remain at school or attend a sixth form college to take AS levels and A levels before applying to universities. Or can go on to college. However, as of this year 2011, the current Year 9 (Eighth grade) and below, have to stay in education until they are 17, by doing at least one year of 6th form.

United States[link]

In the United States, ninth grade is usually the first year in high school (called "upper secondary school" in other countries). In this system, ninth graders are also often referred to as freshmen. It can also be the last year of junior high school.

In the mathematics curriculum, ninth graders are usually taught Algebra II or Algebra I. Advanced courses (such as Geometry in the US) are usually available to ninth graders who are prepared for a more rigorous curriculum, depending on the school district. In some cases, the upcoming ninth graders will take Algebra II. Some districts across the country allow their 9th graders to take Trigonometry or AP Statistics, or even Calculus if the district provides.

In the English curriculum, ninth graders are taught the fundamentals of Literature and touches the fundamentals of speech and debate. They may also read Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare as it correlates with current teenage life and issues.

In the social studies curriculum, ninth graders are typically taught geography, government, and history. In most areas, students are open to taking more advanced history courses like world history or U.S. history with the consent of the pupil's previous social studies teacher.

In the science curriculum, ninth grade students are required, in most areas, to take earth science, or biology. Physical science may be taught as well in some schools. It is often a pre-requisite for most other lab sciences available at the high school level, and is often a requirement for graduation. In some cases, the upcoming ninth grader may choose to take the tenth grade course. Chemistry can also be taken in 9th grade, depending on the district. In some localities, a health class can also be taken for half of the year, and PE is replaced.

See also[link]

• First Grade
• Second Grade
• Third Grade
• Fourth Grade
• Fifth Grade
• Sixth Grade
• Seventh Grade
• Eighth Grade
• Tenth Grade
• Eleventh Grade
• Twelfth Grade
• College

Notes[link]

The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. Please help to establish notability by adding reliable, secondary sources about the topic. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted. (June 2012)

Charles Lincoln is a lawyer from Texas who was involved in the US Supreme Court Case Atwater v. Lago Vista (2001). He was Atwater's lawyer during the time Atwater was granted summary judgment.

Unfortunately, since these cases, Lincoln has begun preying on victims of injustice. He has induced, through a straw man, the filing of fraudulaent "notices of lien" on the real estate of people for amounts far in excess of any amounts owed, as a way to extort money from them. Failure to release such liens is a crime in Texas. See Refusal to Execute Release of Fraudulent Lien Claim, Securing Execution of Document by Deception, Criminal Conspiracy, Class A Misdemeanor, and Fraudulent Document or Instrument.

   In 2000, Lincoln was convicted in Texas on a federal charge of falsely representing his Social Security number, a felony. As a result, he gave up his license to practice in the state.

   Originally charged with five felonies, the case resulted from Lincoln applying for a checking account using a false Social Security number.

   In a second matter, he was disbarred from U.S. District Court for the Western District of Texas after a federal judge requested an investigation of Lincoln because two of his clients had a falsified receipt. The receipt purported to be from the federal court clerk and represented funds the clients had given Lincoln. The clients believed Lincoln was depositing their money in an escrow account related to their case.

   Two days before a hearing by the federal court’s admissions committee, Lincoln went to his clients’ home, instructed them not to tell the judge that he gave them the receipt, which he asked them not to produce, and he gave the clients a cashier’s check for $6,000. He did not appear at the hearing.

   In a previous lawsuit, the same judge determined that Lincoln was involved in discovery abuse and filed duplicative motions. The judge issued sanctions and dismissed the lawsuit with prejudice.

References[link]

http://www.uakron.edu/law/lawreview/v36/docs/katz36.3.pdf http://constitution.org/abus/cel/cel.htm http://www.scribd.com/doc/20971586/Charles-Lincoln-III-Disbarment-FL-Sup-Ct-2003-FALSE-SSN-Felony

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