This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2008)

The Wheel of time or wheel of history (Kalachakra) is a concept found in several religious traditions and philosophies, notably religions of Indian origin such as Hinduism and Buddhism, which regard time as cyclical and consisting of repeating ages. Many other cultures contain belief in a similar concept: notably, the Q'ero Indians in Peru, as well as the Hopi Indians of Arizona.

Buddhism[link]

See Kalachakra for details.

The Wheel of Time or Kalachakra is a Tantric deity that is associated with Tibetan Tantric Buddhism, which encompasses all four main schools of Sakya, Nyingma, Kagyu and Gelug, and is especially important within the lesser-known Jonang tradition.

The Kalachakra tantra prophesies a world within which (religious) conflict is prevalent. A worldwide war will be waged which will see the expansion of the mystical Kingdom of Shambhala led by a messianic king.

Modern Usage[link]

Literature[link]

In an interview included with the audio book editions of his novels, author Robert Jordan has stated that his bestselling fantasy series The Wheel of Time borrows the titular concept from Hindu mythology.^{[citation needed]}

Television[link]

Several episodes of the American TV series Lost feature a wheel which can be physically turned in order to manipulate space and time. In a series of episodes during the fifth season, the island on which the show takes place begins to skip violently back and forth through time after the wheel is pulled off its axis.

Physics[link]

Peter Lynds has put forward a cosmology model in which time is cyclic and the universe repeats exactly an infinite number of times. Because it is exactly the same cycle that repeats, however, it can also be interpreted as happening just once in relation to time. Lynds argues that this resolves a number of thorny issues in cosmology.

Camille Flammarion's L'atmosphere (1888)

See also[link]

• Kalachakra
• Wheel of the Year

v t e Time Major concepts Time Eternity Arguments for eternity Immortality History Past Present Future Futures studies Deep time Time Portal Measurement and standards Chronometry UTC UT TAI Second Minute Hour Sidereal time Solar time Time zone Metric time Decimal time Hexadecimal time Clock Astrarium History of timekeeping devices Horology Marine chronometer Sundial Water clock Calendar Day Week Month Year Tropical year Gregorian Islamic Julian Intercalation Leap second Leap year Chronology Astronomical chronology Calendar era Chronicle Dating methodologies Geochronology Geologic Time Geological history Periodization Regnal year Timeline Religion and mythology Dreamtime Kāla Kalachakra Prophecy Time and fate deities Wheel of time Philosophy A-series and B-series B-Theory of time Causality Endurantism Eternal return Eternalism Event Perdurantism Presentism Temporal finitism Temporal parts The Unreality of Time Physical sciences Time in physics Absolute time and space Arrow of time Chronon Coordinate time Planck epoch Planck time Proper time Spacetime Theory of relativity Time dilation Gravitational time dilation Time domain T-symmetry Biology Chronobiology Circadian rhythms Psychology Mental chronometry Sense of time Specious present Sociology and anthropology Long Now Foundation Time discipline Time use research Economics Time value of money Time-based currency Time Banking Related topics Carpe diem Duration Space System time Tempus fugit Time capsule Time signature Time travel

References[link]

This Buddhism-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This Hinduism-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Blind Guardian
Blind Guardian in Malmö, Sweden, September 21, 2006. L-R: Olbrich, Ehmke, Kürsch, Siepen, Schüren, Holzwarth
Background information
Origin	Krefeld, Germany
Genres	Power metal, progressive metal, speed metal, thrash metal
Years active	1984–present
Labels	No Remorse, Virgin, Century Media, Nuclear Blast
Associated acts	Demons and Wizards, Gamma Ray, Helloween, Iced Earth, Iron Savior, Savage Circus, Schattentantz, Power Quest
Website	www.blind-guardian.com
Members
Hansi Kürsch André Olbrich Marcus Siepen Frederik Ehmke
Past members
Thomas "Thomen" Stauch Markus Dörk Christof Theißen Hans-Peter Frey Mathias Wiesner

Blind Guardian is a German power metal band formed in the mid-1980s in Krefeld, West Germany.^[1] They are often credited as one of the seminal and most influential bands in the power metal and speed metal subgenres.^[2][3] Blind Guardian is a part of the German heavy metal scene that emerged in the mid-1980s.

The band's lyrics, written by vocalist Hansi Kürsch, are inspired by the fiction of fantasy authors such as J. R. R. Tolkien, Michael Moorcock, Robert Jordan and George R. R. Martin as well as traditional legends and epics.^[4] Over the years, a running theme has developed personifying the band members as travelling bards, leading some fans to refer to the band affectionately as "The Bards".

Biography[link]

Formation as Lucifer's Heritage (1984–1987)[link]

Blind Guardian was formed in 1984 in Krefeld, Germany, by Hansi Kürsch (vocals, bass) and Andre Olbrich (guitar) under the name Lucifer's Heritage. The band first released two demos in 1985 and 1986, despite undergoing chaotic lineup changes: Markus Dörk (guitar) and Thomen Stauch (drums) were replaced by Christof Theißen and Hans-Peter Frey, respectively. Finally, in 1987, Marcus Siepen joined and Thomen came back to form the lineup which would stay consistent for the next 18 years.

Name change and rise to success (1988–1996)[link]

After Lucifer's Heritage signed a contract with No Remorse Records, the band changed their name to Blind Guardian to avoid any speculations about Satanism (in a bio it was stated that they also wanted to distance themselves from the black metal movement, as their demos were placed in with black metal albums at local record shops). They released their debut album Battalions of Fear in 1988, which was essentially a speed metal album heavily influenced by Helloween.^[5] These two German bands had close ties, and Helloween founder Kai Hansen made a guest appearance on Blind Guardian's second LP, Follow the Blind (1989), where the band revealed some thrash metal influence.^[6][7] Their third LP, Tales from the Twilight World (1990), had a much more melodic and "epic" feeling, with usage of choir and classical music influence.

Blind Guardian signed with Virgin Records in 1991, and released their fourth studio album Somewhere Far Beyond in 1992 and the live album Tokyo Tales in 1993. Flemming Rasmussen, former Metallica producer, began working with the band in 1994, producing their fifth studio album Imaginations from the Other Side, released in 1995, and The Forgotten Tales, an album that contained half covers and half original work, released in 1996.

Later years and departure of Thomen Stauch (1997–2009)[link]

In 1998, Blind Guardian released their epic album Nightfall in Middle-Earth. "Complete with anthemic choruses, spoken word story lines, and plenty of bombastic power metal punctuating every dramatic turn", says Allmusic's Vincent Jeffries, "Nightfall in Middle-Earth is perhaps Blind Guardian's most triumphant".^[8] A concept album based on J. R. R. Tolkien's The Silmarillion,^[4] Blind Guardian's music demonstrated some folk rock influence, but also featured heavy use of Queen-style layered backing vocals. Since Nightfall, bass guitar has been played by sessional member Oliver Holzwarth, and Hansi has been able to devote all his attention to singing. Nightfall was also the last Blind Guardian album produced by Rasmussen.

Lead vocalist Hansi Kürsch

A Night at the Opera, named after the Queen album, was released four years later. On this album, the band's sound lacked almost all influence of their original speed metal. Power and progressive metal abound, with over the top orchestral backing and a consistent vocal and guitar layering throughout.^[9] Though not a true concept album, many of the lyrics dealt with the common themes of religion and relations between human and divine powers. It was followed by a live album in 2003 and a DVD, Imaginations Through the Looking Glass, in 2004, which was the last recorded Blind Guardian material to feature Thomen Stauch on drums. He left the band due to musical differences and was replaced by Frederik Ehmke. The first album with Ehmke was A Twist in the Myth, which came out in 2006.

Blind Guardian participated in the soundtrack for the In the Name of the King: a Dungeon Siege Tale fantasy movie (Uwe Boll), which came out in 2008.^[10] The band also recorded a theme song for Sacred 2 Fallen Angel role-playing video game, the prequel to Sacred.^[11]

Recent events (2010–present)[link]

André Olbrich performing in 2009

"A Voice in the Dark" was the next single from Blind Guardian that was released 25 June 2010. On July 30, 2010 the album followed, called At the Edge of Time. The band started "The Sacred Worlds and Songs Divine Tour 2010", the European dates will have the opening acts Enforcer and Steelwing. The 22 October in Gothenburg, Sweden only Steelwing was the opening act. The US dates will have Holy Grail and Seven Kingdoms and later they were announced that they would play at Wacken Open Air in 2011.

On July 21, 2011, Hansi Kürsch announced on Blind Guardian's official website that they are working on an orchestral album.^[12][13] On September 1, 2011, Oliver Holzwarth joined Rhapsody of Fire as a full-time member, after 13 years as Blind Guardian's session bass player.^[14] On January 27th, 2012, the band released a compilation album, titled Memories of a Time to Come, containing re-recorded and remixed songs from the band's entire discography.^[15]

Musical style[link]

Blind Guardian with the band's definitive scenery in background

Blind Guardian's first two albums, Battalions of Fear and Follow the Blind, were more in the style of speed metal than their following works. Beginning with their third album Tales from the Twilight World, Blind Guardian gradually began to write more complicated compositions focusing less on speed. As of their sixth album, Nightfall in Middle Earth, Hansi stopped playing bass to focus on singing. At this point the band began to incorporate large amounts of orchestral arrangements, and utilized the technique of overdubbing, heavily influenced by the English rock band Queen.^[16]

Blind Guardian's music features the staccato guitars and double bass drumming characteristic of power metal, as well as the use of overdubs and numerous backing vocals to create a dense sound. This technique, especially notable in the guitar and vocal tracks, creates the impression of a vast army of musicians playing in unison and singing in harmony. This proved significant on all albums after the first two but most particularly on A Night at the Opera.

Another definitive feature of Blind Guardian music is frequent use of folk tunes and instruments, especially in power ballads such as "Lord of the Rings", "The Bard's Song", "A Past and Future Secret", "Skalds and Shadows" and "Curse My Name", among others.

Side projects[link]

Along with Jon Schaffer, the leader and founder of Iced Earth, Kürsch is a member of Demons and Wizards, where he is the lead singer.

Blind Guardian have been working on and off for eight years on an orchestral project writing music about The Lord of the Rings (negotiations failed to be included on the famous The Lord of the Rings film trilogy as the soundtrack, because the band wanted to concentrate on their next album). Although it will not be a power metal album, it will be published under the name of Blind Guardian because it matches the theme of the band's lyrics, according to Hansi.^[17]

Due to the tsunami that struck Japan on March 11, 2011, Blind Guardian began working with their former record company, EMI Music, and auctioned off an exclusive studio session for two in the Twilight Hall Studio in Grefrath, Germany for charity in which 100% of proceeds would be donated to the tsunami relief efforts.^[18] The auction ended on April 22, 2011 with a final bid of £1,171.00.^[19]

Line-up[link]

Current members[link]

• Hansi Kürsch – lead vocals (1984–present), bass (1984–1996)
• André Olbrich – lead guitar, backing vocals (1984–present)
• Marcus Siepen – Rhythm guitar, backing vocals (1987–present)
• Frederik Ehmke – drums, percussion, flute and bagpipes (2005–present)

With:

• Thomas Hackmann (sessional member) – backing vocals (1990–present)
• Oliver Holzwarth (sessional and live member) – bass, backing vocals (1997–present)
• Michael Schüren (sessional member) – keyboards, grand piano (1997-present)
• Olaf Senkbeil (sessional member) - backing vocals (1998–present)
• Pat Bender (sessional member) – keyboards, sound effects (2002–present)

Former members[link]

• Thomas "Thomen" Stauch – drums (1984–1985, 1987–2005)
• Markus Dörk – Guitars (1984–1985)
• Christof Theißen – Rhythm guitar (1986)
• Hans-Peter Frey – drums (1986)
• Mathias Wiesner – keyboards, effects (studio) (1989–2002)

Discography[link]

• Battalions of Fear (1988)
• Follow the Blind (1989)
• Tales from the Twilight World (1990)
• Somewhere Far Beyond (1992)
• Imaginations from the Other Side (1995)
• Nightfall in Middle-Earth (1998)
• A Night at the Opera (2002)
• A Twist in the Myth (2006)
• At the Edge of Time (2010)

References[link]

Blind Guardian-Battlefield is the theme song for Robot Unicorn Attack heavy metal version

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Blind Guardian

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Blind Guardian

• Official website
• Blind Guardian on Myspace
• Blind Guardian discography at MusicBrainz
• Hansi Kurskch Interview With Metal Rules

Werner Herzog
Werner Herzog in Brussels, 2007
Born	Werner Herzog Stipetić (1942-09-05) 5 September 1942 (age 69) Munich, Germany
Occupation	Actor Director Screenwriter Producer
Years active	1962–present
Spouse	Martje Grohmann (1967–1987) Christine Maria Ebenberger (1987–1994) Lena Herzog (1999–present)
Website
http://www.wernerherzog.com

Werner Herzog Stipetić (German pronunciation: [ˈʋɛɐ̯nɐ ˈhɛɐ̯tsoːk ˈstɪpɛtɪtʃ]; born 5 September 1942), known as Werner Herzog, is a German film director, producer, screenwriter, actor, and opera director.

He is often considered one of the greatest figures of the New German Cinema, along with Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Margarethe von Trotta, Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Schröter, and Wim Wenders. His films often feature heroes with impossible dreams,^[1] people with unique talents in obscure fields, or individuals who find themselves in conflict with nature.^[2] French filmmaker François Truffaut once called Herzog "the most important film director alive."^[3]

Personal life[link]

Herzog was born Werner Herzog Stipetić to a German father Dietrich Herzog and a Croatian mother^[4] Elizabeth Stipetić in Munich. His family moved to the remote Bavarian village of Sachrang (nestled in the Chiemgau Alps), after the house next to theirs was destroyed during a bombing raid at the close of World War II.^[5] When he was 12, he and his family moved back to Munich. His father had abandoned the family early in his youth. Werner would later adopt his father's surname Herzog (German for "duke"), which he thought sounded more impressive for a filmmaker.^[6]

The same year, Herzog was told to sing in front of his class at school and he adamantly refused. He was almost expelled for this and until the age of 18 listened to no music, sang no songs, and studied no instruments. He later said that he would easily give 10 years from his life to be able to play an instrument. At 14, Herzog was inspired by an encyclopedia entry about filmmaking which he says provided him with "everything I needed to get myself started" as a filmmaker—that, and the 35 mm camera he stole from the Munich Film School.^[7] In the commentary for Aguirre, the Wrath of God, he states, "I don't consider it theft—it was just a necessity—I had some sort of natural right for a camera, a tool to work with." He studied at the University of Munich despite earning a scholarship to Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. While in his teens he travelled to various exotic places.

In the early 1960s, Herzog worked nightshifts as a welder in a steel factory to help fund his first films. He has spoken of how, even before leaving school, he bought a house in the UK, in what was likely the Moss Side area of Manchester, relating how it was there that he learned to speak English.^[8] In 1966 he worked shortly in television under the auspices of NASA.^[9]

Herzog has been married three times and has three children. In 1967, he married Martje Grohmann,^[10] with whom he had a son in 1973, Rudolph Amos Achmed,^[11] who is a film producer and director as well as the author of several non-fiction books.

In 1971 while he was location scouting for Aguirre, the Wrath of God in Peru he narrowly avoided taking LANSA Flight 508 which later disintegrated after being struck by lightning with one miraculous free-fall survivor. His reservation was canceled due to a last minute change in itinerary. This led to the making in 2000 of a documentary film Wings of Hope which explored the story of the sole survivor, Juliane Koepcke.

In 1980, his daughter, Hanna Mattes (now a photographer and an artist), was born to Eva Mattes.^[12] In 1987, Herzog was divorced from Grohmann; later the same year he married Christine Maria Ebenberger.^[13] Their son, Simon Herzog, who attends Columbia University, was born in 1989. Herzog and Ebenberger divorced in 1994. In 1995, Herzog moved to the United States, and in 1999 he married photographer Lena Pisetski, now Lena Herzog.^[14] They live in Los Angeles.

In January 2006, actor Joaquin Phoenix overturned his car on a road above Sunset Boulevard. Herzog, who lived nearby, helped him get out of the car.^[15] A few days later, while Herzog was giving an interview to Mark Kermode for the BBC, an unknown individual shot Herzog with an air rifle during filming. Herzog continued the interview and showed his wound on camera but acted as if nothing out of the ordinary had happened, remarking, "It is not a significant bullet."^[16][17]

Career[link]

Besides using professional actors, German, American and otherwise, Herzog is known for using people from the locality in which he is shooting. Especially in his documentaries, he uses locals to benefit his, as he calls it, "ecstatic truth", using footage of them both playing parts and being themselves. Herzog and his films have won and been nominated for many awards. Herzog's first major award was the Silver Bear Extraordinary Prize of the Jury for his first feature film Signs of Life^[18] (Nosferatu the Vampyre was also nominated for Golden Bear in 1979). Most notably, Herzog won the best director award for Fitzcarraldo at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival. On the same Festival, but a few years earlier (in 1975) his movie The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser won The Special Jury Prize (also known as the 'Silver Palm'). Other films directed by Herzog nominated for Golden Palm are: Woyzeck and Where the Green Ants Dream. His films were also nominated at many other very important festivals all around the world: César Awards (Aguirre, the Wrath of God), Emmy Awards (Little Dieter Needs to Fly), European Film Awards (My Best Fiend) and Venice Film Festival (Scream of Stone and The Wild Blue Yonder).

In 1987 he and his half-brother Lucki Stipetić won the Bavarian Film Awards for Best Producing, for the film Cobra Verde.^[19] In 2002 he won the Dragon of Dragons Honorary Award during Kraków Film Festival in Kraków.

Herzog was honored at the 49th San Francisco International Film Festival, receiving the 2006 Film Society Directing Award.^[20] Four of his films have been shown at the San Francisco International Film Festival: Wodaabe - Herdsmen of the Sun in 1990, Bells from the Deep in 1993, Lessons of Darkness in 1993, and The Wild Blue Yonder in 2006. Herzog's April 2007 appearance at the Ebertfest in Champaign, Illinois earned him the Golden Thumb Award, and an engraved glockenspiel given to him by a young film maker inspired by his films. Grizzly Man, directed by Herzog, won the Alfred P. Sloan Prize at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival. Encounters at the End of the World won the award for Best Documentary at the 2008 Edinburgh International Film Festival and was nominated for the Academy Award for Documentary Feature, Herzog's first nomination.

Herzog once promised to eat his shoe if Errol Morris completed the movie project on pet cemeteries that he had been working on, in order to challenge and motivate Morris, whom Herzog perceived as incapable of following up on the projects he conceived. In 1978 when the film Gates of Heaven premiered, Werner Herzog cooked and publicly ate his shoe, an event later incorporated into a short documentary Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe by Les Blank. At the event, Herzog suggested that he hoped the act would serve to encourage anyone having difficulty bringing a project to fruition.

In 2009, Herzog became the only filmmaker in recent history to enter two films in competition in the same year at the prestigious Venice Film Festival. Herzog's Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans was entered into the festival's official competition schedule, and his My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done? entered the competition as a "surprise film".^[21] Herzog also provided the narration for the short film Plastic Bag directed by Ramin Bahrani which was the Opening Night film in the Corto Cortissimo section of the festival.^[22]

Herzog is also a Jury Member for the digital studio Filmaka, a platform for undiscovered filmmakers to show their work to industry professionals.^[23]

Herzog was the President of the Jury at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival.^[24][25][26] He Was the Chief guest of the 15th International Film Festival of Kerala(IFFK 2010 December)

Herzog also lent his voice to the animated television program The Boondocks in the third season premiere episode It's a Black President, Huey Freeman in which he played himself filming a documentary about the series' cast of characters and their actions during the 2008 election of Barack Obama. He also played Walter Hotenhoffer (formerly known as Augustus Gloop) in the Simpsons episode The Scorpion's Tale which aired in March 2011.

Herzog completed a documentary called Cave of Forgotten Dreams in 2010, which shows Herzog's journey into the Chauvet Cave in France. Although generally skeptical of 3-D film as a format,^[27] Herzog premiered the film at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival in 3-D and had its European premiere at the 2011 Berlinale.

Also in 2010, Herzog's documentary Happy People: A Year in the Taiga, which portrays the life of an indigenous tribe from the Siberian part of the Taiga, had its premiere at the 2010 Telluride Film Festival.

Film theory[link]

Herzog's films have received considerable critical acclaim and achieved popularity on the art house circuit. They have also been the subject of controversy in regard to their themes and messages, especially the circumstances surrounding their creation.^{[citation needed]} A notable example is Fitzcarraldo, in which the obsessiveness of the central character was mirrored by the director during the making of the film, as shown in Burden of Dreams, a documentary filmed during the making of Fitzcarraldo. His treatment of subjects has been characterized as Wagnerian in its scope, as Fitzcarraldo and his later film Invincible (2001) are directly inspired by opera, or operatic themes. He is proud of never using storyboards and often improvising large parts of the script, as he explains on the commentary track to Aguirre, the Wrath of God.

Collaborations[link]

Cast[link]

Actors/Actress in a Leading Role

• Klaus Kinski: Aguirre, the Wrath of God, Nosferatu, Woyzeck, Fitzcarraldo, and Cobra Verde. In 1999 Herzog directed and narrated the documentary film My Best Fiend, a retrospective on his often rocky relationship with Kinski.
• Brad Dourif in Scream of Stone, The Wild Blue Yonder, Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans, and My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done
• Bruno S. in The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser and Stroszek
• Josef Bierbichler in Heart of Glass and Woyzeck
• Eva Mattes in Woyzeck and Stroszek
• Michael Shannon in Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans and My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done

Actors in a Supporting Role

• Clemens Scheitz in The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser, Heart of Glass, Stroszek and Nosferatu the Vampyre
• Peter Berling in Aguirre, the Wrath of God, Fitzcarraldo and Cobra Verde
• Volker Prechtel in The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser, Heart of Glass, Woyzeck and Scream of Stone
• Udo Kier in Invincible and My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done?
• José Lewgoy in Fitzcarraldo and Cobra Verde
• Walter Ladengast in The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser and Nosferatu the Vampyre

Crew[link]

Cinematographers

Thomas Mauch

Mauch worked with Herzog on ten films: starting with Signs of Life and Last Words and ending with Fitzcarraldo. He helped to create hallucinogenic atmosphere in Aguirre and realistic style of Stroszek. Mauch won Film Award in Gold and National Society of Film Critics Awards for Aguirre. He was Herzog's first choice to be cinematographer during Cobra Verde, but after a perpetual torrent of verbal abuse from Kinski, Mauch walked out on the project. That was Mauch and Herzog's final collaboration.

Jörg Schmidt-Reitwein

Reitwein worked with Herzog on seventeen films. Reitwein was Thomas Mauch's assistant camera during Even Dwarfs Started Small. His first independent work for Herzog was Precautions Against Fanatics in 1969. He helped to create poetical atmosphere of Fata Morgana, Heart of Glass, The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser and Nosferatu. He won the Film Award in Gold for Heart of Glass and Where the Green Ants Dream at the German Film Awards. He last collaborated with Herzog during Pilgrimage in 2001.

Peter Zeitlinger

Zeitlinger collaborated with Herzog on thirteen films, from Gesualdo: Death for Five Voices (1995) to now filming television documentary Death Row (2011), including Rescue Dawn and Grizzly Man. He was nominated for Chlotrudis Award for Encounters at the End of the World in 2007 and for Independent Spirit Award for Bad Lieutenant. Port of Call: New Orleans in 2009.

Producers

Walter Saxer

Saxer produced sixteen of Herzog's films, including Nosferatu and The White Diamond. He worked as Sound Department during seven of Herzog's films, including The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner and Echoes from a Somber Empire. He co-wrote Scream of Stone which Herzog directed. Saxer appeared as himself in Herzog's My Best Fiend and in Les Blank's Burden of Dreams, in which he was also subjected to the verbal abuse of Kinski.

Lucki Stipetić

Stipetić is Herzog's half-brother. He also produced several Herzog films, including Aguirre and Invincible, and is a head of Werner Herzog Productions. He won Bavarian Film Award in 1988 for Cobra Verde and International Documentary Association Award for Little Dieter Needs to Fly in 1998. He was also nominated for an Emmy Award in 1998.

André Singer

Singer worked either as an executive producer or producer on eight of Herzog’s documentaries starting with “Lessons of Darkness” in 1991, “The Wild Blue Yonder” – won the International Critics Award at the Venice Film Festival, 2006 and including two of the most recent “La Boheme, short”, 2009, and “Into the Abyss”/”Death Row”, 2011.

Editors

Beate Mainka-Jellinghaus

Mainka-Jellinghaus worked with Herzog on twenty films, from Signs of Life and Last Words (both from 1968) to Where the Green Ants Dream (1984). She won Film Award in Gold during German Film Awards for The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser in 1975.

Joe Bini

Bini collaborated with Herzog on nineteen films, from Little Dieter Needs to Fly (1997) to Cave of Forgotten Dreams (2009). He was nominated by American Cinema Editors for Best Edited Documentary Film for Grizzly Man in 2005.

Costumes designers

Ann Poppel

Poppel collaborated with Herzog on four films, including Nosferatu the Vampyre and Scream of Stone.

Gisela Storch

Storch worked with Herzog on six films: The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser, Heart of Glass, Nosferatu the Vampyre, Woyzeck, Fitzcarraldo and Cobra Verde. She was nominated for a Saturn Award for Nosferatu the Vampire in 1979.

Composers

Popol Vuh

Popol Vuh was a German Krautrock band founded by pianist and keyboardist Florian Fricke. The band took its name from the Popol Vuh, a manuscript of Quiché Maya kingdom, after watching Herzog's Fata Morgana (in which Lotte Eisner reads parts of the Popol Vuh). The band composed music for eight Herzog's films: Aguirre, the Wrath of God, The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner, Heart of Glass, Nosferatu, The Dark Glow of the Mountains, Fitzcarraldo, Cobra Verde and My Best Fiend. Their compositions were also used by Herzog in Rescue Dawn. Florian Fricke made a cameo as a pianist in Signs of Life and The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser.

Ernst Reijseger

Herzog invited Reijseger to compose scores for his films four times to that date. Two of them were documentaries (The White Diamond an Cave of Forgotten Dreams) and two were features (The Wild Blue Yonder and My Son, My Son What Have Ye Done). His music was also used in Rescue Dawn and in video documentary short about recording music for Grizzly Man titled In the Edges: The 'Grizzly Man' Session directed by Erik Nelson. Reijseger also had a cameo as himself in My Son, My Son What Have Ye Done.

Others

Henning von Gierke

Gierke collaborated with Herzog on seven films and several operas. He was Production Designer during The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser, Nosferatu the Vampyre and Fitzcarraldo. As a Set Decorator he worked on Heart of Glass and Woyzeck, as Stage Designer on operas: Lohengrin and Giovanna d'Arco and as Costume Designer on film The Transformation of the World Into Music. Gierke shot additional still photographs on Stroszek 's set. He appeared twice in Herzog's film The Transformation of the World Into Music as himself and in Herzog's TV realisation of opera Giovanna d'Arco. Von Gierke won Film Award in Gold for The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser during German Film Awards and Silver Bear for an outstanding single achievement for Nosferatu, at the 29th Berlin International Film Festival.^[28]

Filmography[link]

Fiction feature films[link]

• Signs of Life (1968)
• Even Dwarfs Started Small (1970)
• Fata Morgana (1972)
• Aguirre, the Wrath of God (1972)
• The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser (1974)
• Heart of Glass (1976)
• Stroszek (1977)
• Nosferatu the Vampyre (1979)
• Woyzeck (1979)
• Fitzcarraldo (1982)
• Where the Green Ants Dream (1984)
• Cobra Verde (1987)
• Scream of Stone (1991)
• Invincible (2001)
• The Wild Blue Yonder (2005)
• Rescue Dawn (2007)
• Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009)
• My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done (2009)

Fiction short films[link]

• Herakles (1962)
• Game in The Sand (1964)
• The Unprecedented Defence of the Fortress Deutschkreuz (1966)
• Last Words (1968)
• Precautions Against Fanatics (1969)
• No One Will Play With Me (1976)
• Les Gaulois (1988)

Documentary feature films[link]

• The Flying Doctors of East Africa (1969)
• Handicapped Future (1971)
• Land of Silence and Darkness (1971)
• The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner (1974)
• How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck (1976)
• Huie's Sermon (1980)
• God's Angry Man (1980)
• Ballad of the Little Soldier (1984)
• The Dark Glow of the Mountains (1984)
• Wodaabe – Herdsmen of the Sun (1989)
• Echoes From a Somber Empire (1990)
• Jag Mandir (1991)
• Lessons of Darkness (1992)
• Bells from the Deep (1993)
• The Transformation of the World into Music (1994)
• Gesualdo: Death for Five Voices (1995)
• Little Dieter Needs to Fly (1997)
• My Best Fiend (1999)
• Wings of Hope (2000)
• Wheel of Time (2003)
• The White Diamond (2004)
• Grizzly Man (2005)
• Encounters at the End of the World (2007)
• Cave of Forgotten Dreams (2010)
• Into the Abyss (2011)

Documentary short films[link]

• La Soufrière (1977)
• Portrait Werner Herzog (1986)
• Christ and demons in New Spain (1999)
• Pilgrimage (2001)
• Ten Thousand Years Older (2002)
• La bohème (2009)
• On Death Row (2012) TV miniseries in four, hour-long episodes

Screenwriter[link]

Films written, not directed, by Herzog:

• Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe (1980)

Herzog has written all his films, except these which he co-wrote:

• Scream of Stone (1991)
• Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans (2009)
• My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done (2009)

Herzog has also co-written:

• Hunger in the world explained to my son (El hambre en el mundo explicada a mi hijo) (2002)
• Incident at Loch Ness (2004)
• Happy People: A Year in the Taiga (2010)

Actor[link]

• Geschichten vom Kübelkind (1971)
• Man of Flowers (1983)
• Bride of the Orient (1989)
• Hard to Be a God (1990)
• Tales from the Opera (1994)
• Burning Heart (1995)
• What Dreams May Come (1998)
• Julien Donkey-Boy (1999)
• Incident at Loch Ness (2004)
• Mister Lonely (2007)
• The Grand (2007)
• Plastic Bag (2009)
• The Simpsons Ep. 479 (2010) Voice role
• The Boondocks Ep. 31 (2010) Voice role
• Metalocalypse Ep. 50, 52 & 53 (2012) Voice role
• American Dad! Ep. 132 (2012) Voice role
• One Shot (2013)

Stage works[link]

Opera[link]

• Doktor Faustus (1986, Teatro Comunale di Bologna)
• Lohengrin (1987, Bayreuth Festival)^[29]
• Giovanna d'Arco (1989, Teatro Comunale di Bologna)
• La Donna del lago (1992, Teatro alla Scala, Milan)
• The Flying Dutchman (1993, L'Opéra de la Bastille)
• Il Guarany (1993, Opera Bonn)
• Norma (1994, Verona Arena)
• Il Guarany (1996, Washington National Opera)
• Chushingura (1997, Tokyo Opera)
• Tannhäuser (1997, 1998 Teatro de la Maestranza; Teatro di San Carlo; Teatro Massimo)
• The Magic Flute (1999, Teatro Bellini, Catania)
• Fidelio (1999, Teatro alla Scala)
• Tannhäuser (Wagner) (2000)
• Giovanna d'Arco (2001, Teatro Carlo Felice, Genoa)
• Tannhäuser (2001, Teatro Municipal; Houston Grand Opera)
• Die Zauberflöte (2001, Baltimore Opera)
• The Flying Dutchman (2002, DomStufen Festspiele Erfurt)
• Parsifal (2008, Palau de les Arts, Valencia)

Theatre[link]

• Floresta Amazonica (A Midsummer Night's Dream) (1992, Teatro Joao Caetano)
• Varété (1993, Hebbel Theatre)
• Specialitaeten (1993, Etablissement Ronacher)

Bibliography[link]

Books

Writer:

• Of Walking In Ice (Free Association, New York, 2007, ISBN 978-0-9796121-0-7)
• Fitzcarraldo: The Original Story (Fjord Pr, January 1983, ISBN 978-0-940242-04-3)
• "Conquest of the Useless" Herzog's diaries of the making of "Fitzcarraldo"

Co-writer:

• Paul Cronin. Herzog on Herzog (London: Faber and Faber Ltd., 2002, ISBN 0-571-20708-1) (extracts^[30])
• Lena Herzog. Pilgrims: Becoming the Path Itself (Periplus Publishing London Ltd., ISBN 1-902699-43-2)

Screenplays

Writer:

• Cobra Verde (Jade-Flammarion 2001, ISBN 2-08-203009-1)
• Wo Die Grünen Ameisen Träumen (Hanser 1984, ISBN 3-446-14106-5)
• Nosferatu (Ulbulibri, 1984)
• Fitzcarraldo, Nosferatu, Stroszek (Mazarine 1982)
• Screenplays: Aguirre, The Wrath of God, Every Man For Himself and God Against All & Land of Silence and Darkness (translated by Alan Greenberg & Martje Herzog; Tanam, New York, ISBN 0-934378-03-7)
• Drehbücher III: Stroszek, Nosferatu (Hanser 1979)
• Drehbücher II: Aguirre, der Zorn Gottes: Jeder für sich und Gott gegen alle, Land des Schweigens und der Dunkelheit (Hanser 1977)
• Drehbücher I: Lebenszeichen, Auch Zwerge haben klein angefangen, Fata Morgana (Hanser 1977)

Co-writer:

• Alan Greenberg & Herbert Achternbusch. Heart of Glass 1976

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Werner Herzog

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Werner Herzog

• Official website
• Werner Herzog at the Internet Movie Database
• Encounters with Herzog a film competition. Judged by Herzog on the independent filmmakers networking community Shooting People.

Robert Jordan
Born	James Oliver Rigney, Jr. (1948-10-17)October 17, 1948 Charleston, South Carolina
Died	September 16, 2007(2007-09-16) (aged 58) Charleston, South Carolina
Occupation	Novelist
Genres	Fantasy
Notable work(s)	The Wheel of Time
Influences J.R.R. Tolkien

Robert Jordan was the pen name of James Oliver Rigney, Jr. (October 17, 1948 – September 16, 2007) He used this pseudonym for fantasy novels, including the bestselling The Wheel of Time series for which he was best known; he also wrote historical fiction as Reagan O'Neal, a western as Jackson O'Reilly, and dance criticism as Chang Lung, and he had ghostwritten an "international thriller" that is still believed to have been written by someone else.^{[1][2][3][4][5]}

Biography[link]

Jordan was born in Charleston, South Carolina. He served two tours in Vietnam (from 1968 to 1970) with the United States Army as a helicopter gunner. He was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross with oak leaf cluster, the Bronze Star with "V" and oak leaf cluster, and two Vietnamese Gallantry Crosses with palm. After returning from Vietnam he attended The Citadel where he received an undergraduate degree in physics. After graduating he was employed by the United States Navy as a nuclear engineer. He began writing in 1977. He was a history buff and enjoyed hunting, fishing, sailing, poker, chess, pool, and pipe collecting. He described himself as a "High Church" Episcopalian^[6] and received communion more than once a week.^[7] He lived with his wife Harriet McDougal, who works as a book editor (currently with Tor Books; she was also Jordan's editor) in a house built in 1797.^[8] Responding to queries on the similarity of some of the concepts in his Wheel of Time books with Freemasonry concepts, Jordan admitted that he was a Freemason. However, "like his father and grandfather," he did not prefer to advertise, possibly because of the negative propaganda against Freemasonry. In his own words, "no man in this country should feel in danger because of his beliefs."^[9]

Illness[link]

On March 23, 2006, Jordan disclosed in a statement^[10] that he had been diagnosed with cardiac amyloidosis, and that with treatment, his median life expectancy was four years, though he said he intended to beat the statistics. He later posted on his Dragonmount blog to encourage his fans not to worry about him and that he intended to have a long and fully creative life.

He began chemotherapy treatment at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, in early April 2006.^[11] Jordan was enrolled in a study using the drug Revlimid just approved for multiple myeloma but not yet tested on primary amyloidosis.

Death[link]

Jordan died at approximately 2:45 p.m. EDT on September 16, 2007,^[12] and a funeral service was held for him on Wednesday, September 19, 2007.^[13] Jordan was cremated and his ashes buried in the churchyard of St. James Church in Goose Creek, outside Charleston.^[14][15] His life was the subject of the feature length documentary The Wit of the Staircase: The Life and Works of Robert Jordan, scheduled for release in late 2012.^[16]

The Wheel of Time[link]

Jordan published eleven books of a total fifteen in the main sequence of the Wheel of Time series. Reviewers and fans of the earlier books noted a slowing of the pace of events in the last few installments owing to the expansion of scale of the series as a whole.^[17]

Because of his health problems, Jordan did not work at full force on the final installment A Memory of Light (later split into three volumes beginning with The Gathering Storm), but blog entries confirmed that he continued work on it until his death, and he shared all of the significant plot details with his family not long before he died.^[18] He maintained that in doing so the book will get published even if "the worst actually happens."^[19] On December 7, 2007, Tor Books announced that Brandon Sanderson had been chosen to finish the Wheel of Time series. Harriet McDougal, Jordan's widow, chose him after reading Mistborn: The Final Empire.^[20]

The Wheel of Time series consists of: