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Chin
Front view of neck.
Latin	mentum
Artery	inferior alveolar artery
Nerve	mental nerve
MeSH	Chin

In the human anatomy, the chin is the lowermost part of the face.

It is formed by the lower front of the mandible.

People show a wide variety of chin structures. See Cleft chin.

The chin developed as a point of muscular attachment facilitating minute movements of the lips associated with speech. In human evolution, the chin is a cladistic apomorphy, partially defining anatomically modern Humans as distinct from archaic forms.

See also

• Otofacial syndrome
• Genioplasty
• Cro-Magnon

v t e Human regional anatomy (TA A01.1) Head Forehead · Ear · Jaw · Face (Cheek, Eye, Nose, Mouth, Chin) · Occiput · Scalp · Temple Neck Throat · Adam's apple Trunk Chest (Breast) · Abdomen (Navel) · Back · Pelvis (Sex organs) Limbs Upper limb Shoulder · Axilla · Arm Elbow · Forearm Wrist · Hand · Finger (Thumb · Index · Middle · Ring · Little) Lower limb/ (see also leg) Hip · Buttocks · Thigh Knee · Calf · Crus Ankle · Heel · Foot · Toe (Hallux · Long  • Third  • Fourth  • Fifth) · Sole General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of limbs

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In 2006, as a WTCC driver
Nationality	German
24 Hours of Le Mans career
Participating years	1999–2000, 2010 -
Teams	Champion Racing, Dick Barbour Racing, BMW Motorsport
Best finish	15th (2011)
Class wins	0

Dirk Müller (born 18 November 1975 in Burbach) is a German race driver, driving for BMW Team RLL in the 2012 American Le Mans Series. His former Schnitzer BMW team-mate Jörg Müller is unrelated, as is French driver Yvan Muller.

In 1996, Dirk Müller won a Formula 3 race at the Nürburgring. In 1998, after a win in the GT1 class of the 24 Hours of Daytona, he scored his first title, the German Porsche Cup, to be followed by the ALMS GT title in 2000.

From the 2002 to 2005 season, both Dirk and Jörg were driving BMW 3series model E46 touring cars for the Schnitzer-operated works squad Team Deutschland in the FIA European Touring Car Championship (now WTCC). Since 2006, the team uses the new BMW 3series model E90 which is based on the BMW 320si limited edition model that has a 4-cyl engine rather than the usual 6-cyl.

The 2004 24 Hours Nürburgring was won by both Müllers (and Hans-Joachim Stuck) with the BMW M3 GTR V8 that had been raced successfully in the 2001 ALMS. In 2005, the Müllers finished 2nd behind their sister car.

After touring cars he joined to Ferrari AF Corse with Toni Vilander and won the FIA GT Championship in GT2 class. In 2008 raced in the American Le Mans Series in Ferrari F430 GTC with Dominik Farnbacher in the GT2 class.

In 2009, Müller rejoined BMW to spearhead its factory program with Rahal Letterman Racing in the American Le Mans Series. He and Joey Hand won the 2011 American Le Mans Series GT driver's championship following wins at the Twelve Hours of Sebring, Grand Prix of Long Beach and Lime Rock Park.

24 Hours of Le Mans results[link]

Year	Class	No	Tyres	Car	Team	Co-Drivers	Laps	Pos.	Class Pos.
1999	GT	80	P	Porsche 911 GT3-R Porsche 3.6L Flat-6	Champion Racing	Bob Wollek Bernd Mayländer	292	19th	2nd
2000	GT	83	M	Porsche 911 GT3-R Porsche 3.6L Flat-6	Dick Barbour Racing	Lucas Luhr Bob Wollek	319	DSQ	DSQ
2010	GT2	79	D	BMW M3 GT2 BMW 4.0L V8	BMW Motorsport	Andy Priaulx Dirk Werner	320	19th	6th
2011	GTE Pro	56	D	BMW M3 GT2 BMW 4.0L V8	BMW Motorsport	Andy Priaulx Joey Hand	313	15th	3rd

External links[link]

• Dirk Müller
• Profile - by FIA GT Championship official website

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Clive Chin (born on 14 May 1954 in Kingston, Jamaica) is a Chinese Jamaican record producer whose work includes recordings by The Wailers, Dennis Brown, Lee Perry and Black Uhuru, among others. Chin was a pioneer in the establishment of dub as a standalone musical form.

Biography[link]

He began working at Randy's Record Store, his father's business, and began helping make the associated studio, Randy's Studio 17, one of the most important Jamaican studios of the early 1970s.

Chin's first major commercial success was Java, an international hit by Augustus Pablo. He had further local hits with Dennis Brown's "Cheater", and Junior Byles' "King of Babylon", and produced Pablo's debut album, This Is Augustus Pablo.^[1] Chin produced the Java Java Dub album in 1973, which he claims was the first ever dub album.^[2] Further local hits followed with Carl Malcolm's "Miss Wire Waist" and "Fattie Bum Bum", which, with the help of Jonathan King, became a UK chart hit in 1975, reaching #8.^[1]

After his family business moved to New York City, Chin spent some fifteen years running a Jamaican restaurant in Queens. He began producing again in 1998.

In 2007 VP Records started an imprint 17 North Parade to reissue some of the historic Randy's releases.^[3]

References[link]

External links[link]

• The story of Randy's video
• Interview with Clive Chin

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Horace Swaby (June 21, 1954 – May 18, 1999), known as Augustus Pablo, was a Jamaican roots reggae and dub record producer, melodica player and keyboardist, active from the 1970s onwards. He popularized the use of the melodica (an instrument at that time primarily used to teach children music in the Jamaican public schools) in reggae music. He was a committed Rastafarian.

Biography[link]

He was born in St. Andrew, Jamaica, and learned to play the organ at the Kingston College School. It was at that point an unnamed girl lent him the melodica. Fascinated by the instrument, Pablo rarely put it down. He also met Herman Chin Loy, who after working at his cousin Leslie Kong's Beverley's record shop, had set up his own Aquarius store in Half Way Tree. Swaby recorded early tracks including "Higgi Higgi", "East of the River Nile", "Song of the East" and "The Red Sea" between 1971 and 1973 for Chin-Loy's Aquarius Records.^[1] Chin Loy had previously used the name Augustus Pablo generically for keyboard instrumentals recorded by Lloyd Charmers and Glen Adams,^[2][3] and Swaby took the name for this recording.

"East of the River Nile", a unique blend of East Asian and Jamaican sounds, became a moderate hit. He soon joined Now Generation (Mikey Chung's band) and played the keyboard with them while his friend Clive Chin began his own career as a record producer. Pablo and Chin recorded "Java" (1972) together,^[1] as soon as Pablo quit Now Generation and Clive was able to get the studio time. This instrumental was a massive hit and launched Pablo's solo career. He recorded with Chin and various others, including Leonard Chin, his uncle, and Lee Perry. He scored another smash hit with "My Desire" (John Holt).

Pablo formed the labels Hot Stuff, Message and Rockers (named after his brother's soundsystem, Rockers), and released a steady stream of well-received instrumentals, mostly versions of older hits from Studio One. In spite of his success with Rockers, Pablo's 1974 album, This Is Augustus Pablo was recorded with Clive and Pat Chin. This was followed by a collaboration with the legendary reggae engineer King Tubby, 1975's Ital Dub.

In the later 1970s, Pablo produced a steady stream of hits, including the hit "Black Star Liner" (Fred Locks). He also worked with Dillinger, Norris Reid, I-Roy, Jacob Miller, Te -Track, The Immortals, Paul Blackman, Earl Sixteen, Roman Stewart, Lacksley Castell, The Heptones, Bob Marley, Ricky Grant, Delroy Wilson, Junior Delgado, Horace Andy and Freddy McKay. This period was eventually commemorated with critically acclaimed LPs including King Tubby Meets Rockers Uptown (1976) and Hugh Mundell's classic Africa Must be Free by 1983. This was followed by East of the River Nile (1978), Original Rockers (1979) and Rockers Meets King Tubby in a Firehouse, another acclaimed hit album.

In the 1980s, Pablo's career slowed significantly. In 1980, he appeared on the soundtrack of the documentary D.O.A. He had begun to establish an American audience and released Rising Sun in 1986 to good reviews and sales. Pablo also produced memorable hits, including "Ragamuffin Year" (Junior Delgado), "Humble Yourself" (Asher & Tremble) and "Far Far Away" (Ricky Grant). In addition, he toured extensively throughout the world, making a memorable live album in Tokyo in 1987. That same year, Rockers Come East re-established his career and he began to release a series of critically acclaimed though somewhat inaccessible albums in the 1990s, including Blowing With the Wind and also producing several, such as "Night & Day" (single) (Dawn Penn) and "Jah Made Them All" (Yami Bolo).

Augustus Pablo died as a result of a collapsed lung on 18 May 1999.^[4] He had been suffering for some time from the nerve disorder myasthenia gravis.^[5]

Selected discography[link]

• This Is...Augustus Pablo (1974)
• Thriller (1974)
• Ital Dub (1975)
• King Tubby Meets Rockers Uptown (1976)
• East of the River Nile (1977)
• Original Rockers (1979)
• Africa Must Be Free by... 1983 Dub (1979)
• Rockers Meets King Tubby in a Firehouse (1980)
• Authentic Golden Melodies (1980)
• Earth's Rightful Ruler (1982)
• King David's Melody (1983)
• Rising Sun (1986)
• Rebel Rock Reggae (1986)
• Rockers Come East (1987)
• Eastman Dub (1988)
• Presents Rockers Story (1989)
• Blowing with the Wind (1990)
• Presents Rockers International Showcase (1991)
• Meets King Tubby at the Control in Roots Vibes (1996)
• Red Sea (1998)
• Valley of Jehosaphat (1999)
• El Rocker's (2000)
• The Great Pablo (2000)
• Dubbing with the Don (2001)
• Jah Inspiration (2001)
• Skanking with Pablo: Melodica for Hire 1971–77 (2002)
• In Fine Style: 7" & 12" Selection 1973–79 (2003)
• The Essential Augustus Pablo (2005)
• Augustus Pablo Meets Lee Perry & the Wailers Band (Rare Dubs 1970–1971) (2006)
• The Mystic World of Augustus Pablo: The Rockers Story (2008)

References[link]

External links[link]

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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2010)

Staceyann Chin

Staceyann Chin (born December 25, 1972) is a spoken word poet, performing artist and LGBT rights political activist. Her work has been published in the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Pittsburgh Daily, and has been featured on 60 Minutes. She was also featured on The Oprah Winfrey Show, where she shared her struggles growing up homosexual in Jamaica.

Personal life[link]

Chin was born in Jamaica but now lives in New York City, in Brooklyn. She is of Chinese-Jamaican and Afro-Jamaican decent. She announced in 2011 that she was pregnant with her first child, giving birth to a daughter in January 2012. She has been candid about her pregnancy by means of in-vitro fertilization, and wrote about her experiences as a pregnant, single lesbian in a guest blog for the Huffington Post.http://www.huffingtonpost.com/staceyann-chin/lgbt-pregnancy_b_1104635.html^[1]

Career[link]

Openly lesbian,^[1] she has been an "out poet and political activist" since 1998. In addition to performing in and co-writing the Tony-nominated Russell Simmons Def Poetry Jam on Broadway, Chin has appeared in Off-Broadway one-woman shows and at the Nuyorican Poets Cafe. She has also held poetry workshops worldwide. Chin credits her accomplishments to her hard-working grandmother and the pain of her mother's absence.

Chin's poetry can be found in her first chapbook, Wildcat Woman, the one she now carries on her back, Stories Surrounding My Coming, and numerous anthologies, including Skyscrapers, Taxis and Tampons, Poetry Slam, Role Call, Cultural Studies: Critical Methodologies. Chin's voice can be heard on CD compilations out of Bar 13- Union Square and Pow Wow productions. In 2009, Chin published her autobiographical novel, The Other Side of Paradise - A Memoir. (New York: Scriber. ISBN 0-7432-9290-1).

She is a host on Logo's After Ellen Internet show, "She Said What?" and a co-host of Centric's My Two Cents.

In 2009, Chin performed in The People Speak a documentary feature film that uses dramatic and musical performances of the letters, diaries, and speeches of everyday Americans, based on historian Howard Zinn's "A People's History of the United States”.^[2]

Critical analysis[link]

Chin's "activist driven"^[3] work has garnered praise in various publications. Of her one-woman show Border/Clash, The New York Times wrote that Chin "is sassy, rageful and sometimes softly self-mocking."^[4] The Advocate wrote, "With poems that combine hilarious one-liners ("I told her I liked the way she made that pink push-up bra look intellectual") with a refusal to conform ("I want to be the dyke who likes to fuck men"), Chin is out to confront more than just the straight world."^[5] And in the book, Words in Your Face: A Guided Tour Through Twenty Years of the New York City Poetry Slam, author Cristin O'Keefe Aptowicz referred to Chin as "definitely the prize to win" among the three New York City Poetry Slam venues during the years she competed, adding:

Awards[link]

Chin was the winner of the 1999 Chicago People of Color Slam; first runner- up in the 1999 Outright Poetry Slam; winner of the 1998 Lambda Poetry Slam; a finalist in the 1999 Nuyorican Grand Slam; winner of the 1998 and 2000 Slam This!; and winner of WORD: The First Slam for Television. She has also been featured by Public-access television cable TV programs in Brooklyn and Manhattan as well as many local radio stations including, WHCR and WBAI. The Joseph Pap Public Theatre has featured her on more than one occasion, and Staceyann has toured internationally, with performances in London, Denmark, Germany, South Africa and New York's own Central Park Summer Stage.

Works[link]

Books[link]

• Chin, Staceyann (April 2009). The Other Side of Paradise - A Memoir. New York: Scriber. ISBN 0-7432-9290-1. 

Anthologies[link]

• "Authenticity", in Black Cool: One Thousand Streams of Blackness. Edited by Rebecca Walker (Soft Skull Press, February 1, 2012)^[7]

Performances[link]

• Staceyann Chin: Performed Poems in Trikster - Nordic Queer Journal #3, 2009.

Interviews[link]

• Staceyann Chin & Ulrika Dahl: Articulating Honesty: A Conversation on Literature and Activism in Trikster - Nordic Queer Journal #3, 2009

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b} Boykin, Keith (October 3, 2006). "Staceyann Chin's Redemption Song". KeithBoykin.com. http://www.keithboykin.com/arch/2006/10/03/staceyann_chin_redem. Retrieved 2007-10-29 
2. ^ http://www.thepeoplespeak.com/pages/credits/
3. ^ Windy City Times "Multifaceted: Staceyann Chin Talks" by MARK CORECE. March 19, 2008
4. ^ LEE, FELICIA R. (July 17, 2005). "A Def Poetry Jam of Her Very Own". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/17/theater/newsandfeatures/17lee.html. 
5. ^ The Advocate "Getting raves for her rants" by MICHAEL GILTZBY. April 29, 2003
6. ^ Aptowicz, Cristin O'Keefe. (2008). Words in Your Face: A Guided Tour Through Twenty Years of the New York City Poetry Slam. Soft Skull Press. Page 181. ISBN 1-933368-82-9.
7. ^ Staff (December 12, 2011). "Black Cool: One Thousand Streams of Blackness. Edited by Rebecca Walker.", Publishers Weekly.

External links[link]

• Official Staceyann Chin website
• Staceyann Chin at the Internet Broadway Database
• Brantley, Ben (November 15, 2002). "Untamed Poetry, Loose on Broadway". The New York Times. http://theater2.nytimes.com/mem/theater/treview.html?res=9405E5DE1730F936A25752C1A9649C8B63. Retrieved 2010-02-07. 
• Voo, Jocelyn (September 2008). "Staceyann Chin: More Than a Mouthful". Curve Magazine. http://www.curvemag.com/Curve-Magazine/September-2008/Stacyann-Chin-More-than-a-Mouthful/. Retrieved 2010-02-07.