- published: 10 May 2013
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- 2000 U.S. Census
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- Jimmy Hoffa
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- Just Blaze
- Kim Guadagno
- Korean American
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- Lenape
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- Molly Pitcher
- Nick Massi
- Patti Smith
- Peter Minuit
- Polish American
- Queen Latifah
- Ralph Nader
- Ray Toro
- Richard Codey
- Richard Nicolls
- The Isley Brothers
- The Sugarhill Gang
- Thomas Edison
- Thomas Kean
- Vince Lombardi
- Walt Whitman
- Whitney Houston
- William Penn
- Woodrow Wilson
- Zakk Wylde
- Lyrics: play full screen play karaoke
- New Jersey - Red House Painters
- New Jersey - Red House Painter
- New Jersey - You Me At Six
- New Jersey - Nerve Agents
- New Jersey - The Nerve Agents
- New Jersey - Antigone Rising
you're and american girl
red headed eyes blank
living in a freckle on the face of the world
another dying kid that learned too much too soon
you're not as good as your mom
but you're as good as dead
you're as good as dead
new jersey ain't the whole world
which of your shots have sold?
twenty-nine with your child
who doesn't give and eats what's left
of your young soul
another dying spark that burned too fast too soon
you're not as bad as your dad
but you're as good as dead
you're as good as dead
new jersey ain't the whole world
don't you leave me out here too long
will you bring me out there?
you're an american girl
out of line in out of time
a cry for the leading role
your bum childhood stole
a mother tires and stuck
in her love-worn bed
you're not as good as your mom
but you're as good as dead
you're as good as dead
new jersey ain't the whole world
don't you leave me out here too long
you're and american girl
red headed eyes blank
living in a freckle on the face of the world
another dying kid that learned too much too soon
you're not as good as your mom
but you're as good as dead
you're as good as dead
new jersey ain't the whole world
which of your shots have sold?
twenty-nine with your child
who doesn't give and eats what's left
of your young soul
another dying spark that burned too fast too soon
you're not as bad as your dad
but you're as good as dead
you're as good as dead
new jersey ain't the whole world
don't you leave me out here too long
will you bring me out there?
you're an american girl
out of line in out of time
a cry for the leading role
your bum childhood stole
a mother tires and stuck
in her love-worn bed
you're not as good as your mom
but you're as good as dead
you're as good as dead
new jersey ain't the whole world
don't you leave me out here too long
will you bring me out there?
Well I need you,
My bed's without you,
Oh no,
This one,
Only excusing on the ice,
Surprise,
Watch out,
I wouldn't trust you with the words,
Let that be a lesson learnt.
The lights are on, and it's time to be me, make on business,
With the promise you kept, that keeps me here.
But don't you know,
We're on the road, gotta get the right insurance,
Play with matches you're gonna get burnt,
Let you know with your dial tone,
But I still wait for your call.
Watch out honey now,
My bed stripped down the wall,
Push me, Back there,
One night of love went from me to him, to her,
I love great big smile, cameras, don't lie,
Not even for you sweetheart.
One day, I'll see you on the big screen,
In a film called 'Who shot the prom queen?'
You'll be an extra on the sidelines,
Just like a co star, sign
But don't you know,
We're on the road, gotta get the right insurance,
Play with matches you're gonna get burnt,
Let you know with your dial tone,
But I still wait for your call.
Still wait for your call,
Still wait for your call,
Still wait for your call,
Still wait for your call.
And say you're fine, last time,
I still wait for your call and say you're fine, the last time,
I still wait for your call.
Your call.
Please speak up, I can't hear you.
Please speak up, I can't hear you.
The Garden State [x4]
It rains there every time...
Except once
Though the heart of
all hardcore is right there at your door
New Jersey
Never fade out
You've always been there
What gives?
I can't escape you
I really must thank you for all of this
The Garden State [x4]
It rains there every time...
Except once
Though the heart of
all hardcore is right there at your door
New Jersey
Never fade out
You've always been there
What gives?
I can't escape you
I really must thank you for all of this
Thank you [x1000]
Hey hey see how they go
small city strange
the kind that I know
where you learn to play marco polo
learned how to run when you dared to get too close
All my guarantees are under one moon
called New Jersey where my sad song's
not the only one worth holding on and holding on to
So how do you how do you say
I am so sorry when it's far too late
Maybe if you could see who I've become
cause it's not like the other me
I was ankle deep but then I dove down
to the sweet and sour bottom
where your memory is holding on it's holding on to me
Singing waddle-ee-atcha doodle-ee-doo
Small city towns for me and for you too
where I learned to play marco polo
I learned how to run when they dared to get too close
so don't you dare to get too close
All my guarantees are under one moon
called New Jersey where my sad song's
not the only one worth holding on worth holding
I was ankle deep but then I dove down
to the sweet and sour bottom
Send this Playlist by SMS
SMACK/URLTV/Big Cheese Presents Ill Will - New Jersey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Updated: 10 May 2013
Donation Link Here: http://goo.gl/4S7a0
Vol. 1 On HNHH: http://goo.gl/3ccG8
Vol. 2 On HNHH: http://goo.gl/05f9l
Vol. 1 On DatPiff: http://goo.gl/hCyb5
Vol. 2 On DatPiff: http://goo.gl/mjKCF
Thank ALL of you for your support. I truly appreciate you for real!
Check Out Base City!
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/BRASS...
TWITTER: https://twitter.com/BaseCities
To see more of the worlds biggest MC Battles log on to http://.urltv.tv or http://smackHD.com
Follow On Twitter:
@URLTV: http://tinyurl.com/cg6o3kq
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Link To Original Battle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXOEzZvjUPU
♫♪♫♫♪♫Subscribe To My YouTube Channels♫♪♫♫♪♫
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♫♪♫♫♪♫Check Out My Other Websites♫♪♫♫♪♫
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♫♪♫♫♪♫Send Me An E-mail♫♪♫♫♪♫
E-Mail: Booking@BigCheeseKIT.com
http://wn.com/SMACK_URLTV_Big_Cheese_Presents_Ill_Will_New_Jersey
Donation Link Here: http://goo.gl/4S7a0
Vol. 1 On HNHH: http://goo.gl/3ccG8
Vol. 2 On HNHH: http://goo.gl/05f9l
Vol. 1 On DatPiff: http://goo.gl/hCyb5
Vol. 2 On DatPiff: http://goo.gl/mjKCF
Thank ALL of you for your support. I truly appreciate you for real!
Check Out Base City!
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/BRASS...
TWITTER: https://twitter.com/BaseCities
To see more of the worlds biggest MC Battles log on to http://.urltv.tv or http://smackHD.com
Follow On Twitter:
@URLTV: http://tinyurl.com/cg6o3kq
@SmackWhite: http://tinyurl.com/a43ao9f
@@illwill6deep: http://tinyurl.com/d6u95u2
Link To Original Battle: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXOEzZvjUPU
♫♪♫♫♪♫Subscribe To My YouTube Channels♫♪♫♫♪♫
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Amrit Varsha in New Jersey by Anandmurti Gurumaa - Day 2 (10th May, 2013)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 97:17
- Updated: 13 May 2013
Thought-provoking. Enlightening. Riveting. Watch the second day (10th May, 2013) of Amrit Varsha in New Jersey by Anandmurti Gurumaa. Watch enlightening epis...
http://wn.com/Amrit_Varsha_in_New_Jersey_by_Anandmurti_Gurumaa_Day_2_10th_May,_2013
Thought-provoking. Enlightening. Riveting. Watch the second day (10th May, 2013) of Amrit Varsha in New Jersey by Anandmurti Gurumaa. Watch enlightening epis...
- published: 11 May 2013
- views: 1627
- author: gurumaaashram
New Jersey Strapless Dress Ban Cool Mom Takes on Ban on School
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 10 May 2013
news,abc,barack obama,fox news,song,cnn news today,abc news,cnn news,chris brown interview,tv bloopers,nbc news,cbs news,abc news special report,abc news tod...
http://wn.com/New_Jersey_Strapless_Dress_Ban_Cool_Mom_Takes_on_Ban_on_School
news,abc,barack obama,fox news,song,cnn news today,abc news,cnn news,chris brown interview,tv bloopers,nbc news,cbs news,abc news special report,abc news tod...
- published: 10 May 2013
- author: ABCNews51
YCS New Jersey & Personal Updates
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:02
- Updated: 10 May 2013
Good luck for everybody is going there :)
http://wn.com/YCS_New_Jersey_Personal_Updates
Good luck for everybody is going there :)
- published: 10 May 2013
- views: 20
PS3 - NHL 13 - Be A GM - NHL Game 11 - New Jersey Devils vs Toronto Maple Leaves
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 38:19
- Updated: 10 May 2013
http://wn.com/PS3_NHL_13_Be_A_GM_NHL_Game_11_New_Jersey_Devils_vs_Toronto_Maple_Leaves
- published: 10 May 2013
- views: 4
TV9 - USA News - TLCA Ugadi celebrations in New Jersey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 11 May 2013
http://wn.com/TV9_USA_News_TLCA_Ugadi_celebrations_in_New_Jersey
- published: 11 May 2013
- views: 2
New Jersey Gov. Christie Had Weight-Loss Surgery
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:28
- Updated: 14 May 2013
New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie underwent weight-reduction surgery earlier this year, a move that comes amid concerns about his health as he emerges as a nati...
http://wn.com/New_Jersey_Gov_Christie_Had_Weight-Loss_Surgery
New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie underwent weight-reduction surgery earlier this year, a move that comes amid concerns about his health as he emerges as a nati...
- published: 07 May 2013
- views: 482
- author: WSJDigitalNetwork
TLCA Ugadi celebrations in New Jersey - USA - Tv9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Updated: 11 May 2013
TLCA Ugadi celebrations in New Jersey - USA
For more content go to http://www.freetv9.com
Follow us on facebook at http://www.facebook.com/tv9telugu
Follow us on twitter at https://twitter.com/tv9ap
http://wn.com/TLCA_Ugadi_celebrations_in_New_Jersey_USA_Tv9
TLCA Ugadi celebrations in New Jersey - USA
For more content go to http://www.freetv9.com
Follow us on facebook at http://www.facebook.com/tv9telugu
Follow us on twitter at https://twitter.com/tv9ap
- published: 11 May 2013
- views: 19
TAGDV kickoff meeting @ New Jersey - USA - Tv9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:08
- Updated: 10 May 2013
TAGDV kickoff meeting @ New Jersey - USA For more content go to http://www.freetv9.com Follow us on facebook at http://www.facebook.com/tv9telugu Follow us o...
http://wn.com/TAGDV_kickoff_meeting_@_New_Jersey_USA_Tv9
TAGDV kickoff meeting @ New Jersey - USA For more content go to http://www.freetv9.com Follow us on facebook at http://www.facebook.com/tv9telugu Follow us o...
- published: 10 May 2013
- views: 75
- author: tv9telugu
Yugioh - How to top YCS New Jersey 2013
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:02
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Top decks, Best Side deck choices, tech update, subscribe.
http://wn.com/Yugioh_How_to_top_YCS_New_Jersey_2013
Top decks, Best Side deck choices, tech update, subscribe.
- published: 08 May 2013
- views: 677
- author: jwakid
The Weber Experience - William from New Jersey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Updated: 08 May 2013
Fifteen years and still burning strong.
http://wn.com/The_Weber_Experience_William_from_New_Jersey
Fifteen years and still burning strong.
- published: 08 May 2013
- views: 200
Leaders in Action—New Jersey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 08 May 2013
When staffers in the New Jersey Governor's office need recommendations about qualified nurses to appoint to high-level positions, they know they can turn to ...
http://wn.com/Leaders_in_Action—New_Jersey
When staffers in the New Jersey Governor's office need recommendations about qualified nurses to appoint to high-level positions, they know they can turn to ...
- published: 08 May 2013
- views: 32
- author: rwjfvideo
Diaspora USA:Première sortie du groupe IVOIRE JUNIOR de New Jersey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 69:30
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Diaspora USA:Première sortie du groupe IVOIRE JUNIOR de New Jersey.
http://wn.com/Diaspora_USAPremière_sortie_du_groupe_IVOIRE_JUNIOR_de_New_Jersey
Diaspora USA:Première sortie du groupe IVOIRE JUNIOR de New Jersey.
- published: 07 May 2013
- author: pichelline
The Real Housewives of New Jersey - Season 5 Super Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Updated: 11 May 2013
Finally the supertrailer is here! Who else is super excited for NJ s5??
http://wn.com/The_Real_Housewives_of_New_Jersey_Season_5_Super_Trailer
Finally the supertrailer is here! Who else is super excited for NJ s5??
- published: 03 May 2013
- views: 16113
- author: thatsefuckingnough
New Jersey Budget Hearings
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 240:04
- Updated: 06 May 2013
NJTV's Live coverage of the legislative budget hearings from State House in Trenton.
http://wn.com/New_Jersey_Budget_Hearings
NJTV's Live coverage of the legislative budget hearings from State House in Trenton.
- published: 06 May 2013
- author: NJTVonline
Inside a New Jersey tent city - Rough Cuts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Updated: 16 May 2013
Homeless in Lakewood, New Jersey have created a tent city in the woods, complete with a church, chickens and a piano. (March 26, 2013)
http://wn.com/Inside_a_New_Jersey_tent_city_Rough_Cuts
Homeless in Lakewood, New Jersey have created a tent city in the woods, complete with a church, chickens and a piano. (March 26, 2013)
- published: 26 Mar 2013
- views: 51393
- author: ReutersTV
Cosa hanno in comune un gattino del New Jersey e la tragedia in Bangladesh?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:17
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Cosa hanno in comune un gattino del New Jersey e la tragedia in Bangladesh? Il commento del linguista Giuseppe Antonelli a "TGtg - Telegiornali a confronto". Il programma va in onda dal lunedì al sabato alle ore 20.55 su Tv2000 (canale 28 digitale terrestre, 142 Sky e in streaming su www.tv2000.it). Il programma è condotto da Clara Iatosti e Donatello Vaccarelli.
http://wn.com/Cosa_hanno_in_comune_un_gattino_del_New_Jersey_e_la_tragedia_in_Bangladesh?
Cosa hanno in comune un gattino del New Jersey e la tragedia in Bangladesh? Il commento del linguista Giuseppe Antonelli a "TGtg - Telegiornali a confronto". Il programma va in onda dal lunedì al sabato alle ore 20.55 su Tv2000 (canale 28 digitale terrestre, 142 Sky e in streaming su www.tv2000.it). Il programma è condotto da Clara Iatosti e Donatello Vaccarelli.
- published: 06 May 2013
- views: 18
Used car for Sale New Jersey 2011 Hyundai Tucson Limited AWD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Updated: 10 May 2013
Welcome back viewers and what a nice, compact Sports Utility vehicle we have fresh from our experts in the detail shop. 2011 Hyundai Tuscon - Loaded up, Limi...
http://wn.com/Used_car_for_Sale_New_Jersey_2011_Hyundai_Tucson_Limited_AWD
Welcome back viewers and what a nice, compact Sports Utility vehicle we have fresh from our experts in the detail shop. 2011 Hyundai Tuscon - Loaded up, Limi...
- published: 10 May 2013
- author: prestonmotor
Rihanna Newark New Jersey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:45
- Updated: 15 May 2013
Rihanna closing out her tour with diamonds April 28 2013 Newark New Jersey.
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Newark_New_Jersey
Rihanna closing out her tour with diamonds April 28 2013 Newark New Jersey.
- published: 29 Apr 2013
- author: Glenn GeoVott
2013 Airstream Flying Cloud 23D Trailer Mid Size Camping Travel Camper New Jersey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:03
- Updated: 07 May 2013
23D Flying Cloud For Sale at Colonial Airstream in New Jersey 800 265 9019.
http://wn.com/2013_Airstream_Flying_Cloud_23D_Trailer_Mid_Size_Camping_Travel_Camper_New_Jersey
23D Flying Cloud For Sale at Colonial Airstream in New Jersey 800 265 9019.
- published: 07 May 2013
- author: colonialairstream
Chris Christie Gets Secret Weight-loss Surgery, New Jersey Gov. Gets Lap-Band Procedure
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:17
- Updated: 17 May 2013
Recorded on May 7, 2013. My Shot of the Day on New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie getting secret lap-band weight-loss surgery. Was it for his health and family o...
http://wn.com/Chris_Christie_Gets_Secret_Weight-loss_Surgery,_New_Jersey_Gov_Gets_Lap-Band_Procedure
Recorded on May 7, 2013. My Shot of the Day on New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie getting secret lap-band weight-loss surgery. Was it for his health and family o...
- published: 07 May 2013
- views: 242
- author: kevinmcdshotday
'Chris Matthews is an Ass' Says New Jersey Gov. Candidate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Updated: 14 May 2013
"New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie's Democratic opponent in this year's gubernatorial election did not come away from her interview with MSNBC's Chris Matthews ...
http://wn.com/'Chris_Matthews_is_an_Ass'_Says_New_Jersey_Gov_Candidate
"New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie's Democratic opponent in this year's gubernatorial election did not come away from her interview with MSNBC's Chris Matthews ...
- published: 04 May 2013
- author: TheYoungTurks
Kim Kardashian arriving at Newark Airport in New Jersey (05-05-13)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:16
- Updated: 13 May 2013
KimKardashian arriving at Newark Airport was all smiles when she seen me , i asked about June 18 and how important is that date and she says very important ...
http://wn.com/Kim_Kardashian_arriving_at_Newark_Airport_in_New_Jersey_05-05-13
KimKardashian arriving at Newark Airport was all smiles when she seen me , i asked about June 18 and how important is that date and she says very important ...
- published: 05 May 2013
- views: 10061
- author: 247paps
photo: White House / Pete Souza
17 May 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. There appears to be a curse stalking second term presidents, specifically starting with Presidents Dwight Eisenhower and Richard Nixon and continuing through to President Barack Obama. President Obama's malevolent shadow, namely Benghazigate, IRSgate and the more recent APgate, have almost utterly enveloped him and his administration ... President Obama's second term is also unraveling....(size: 5.6Kb)
photo: AP / Mike Fuentes
16 May 2013
"A massive emergency response" is underway in North Texas, where tornadoes blew through Wednesday night, The Dallas Morning News says. A twister that hit Granbury, about 35 miles southwest of Fort Worth, left at least six people dead, more than 100 injured and even more homeless, The Associated Press adds ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)
photo: AP / Abdukareem Haruna
15 May 2013
Admitting that Islamist extremists now control some of his nation’s villages and towns, President Goodluck Jonathan declared a state of emergency on Tuesday across Nigeria’s troubled northeast, promising to send more troops to fight what he said is now an open rebellion. Mr ... Get Free E-mail Alerts on These Topics. Nigeria Jonathan, Goodluck Disasters and Emergencies Muslims and Islam ... . Inside NYTimes.com. Books » ... ....(size: 2.5Kb)
photo: AP / Aleppo Media Center AMC
17 May 2013
If there’s one thing you can say about Bashar al-Assad, it’s that he has staying power. For more than two years, the Syrian president has defied predictions that his downfall is imminent ... The number of soldiers defecting from the military has dropped recently, while the government has drafted new troops and recalled reserve forces to make up for losses ... “[The regime] has created a new brigade of about 3,000 soldiers ... ....(size: 4.3Kb)
photo: US Navy / MCS2 Tony D. Curtis
15 May 2013
A drone the size of a fighter jet has taken off from the deck of an US aircraft carrier for the first time in a test flight that could eventually open the way for the US to launch unmanned aircraft from almost anywhere in the world ... James Lewis, senior fellow at the Centre for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, said the new Joint Strike Fighter jet "might be the last manned fighter the US ever builds ... AP....(size: 8.4Kb)
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noodls
18 May 2013
(Source. President of Georgia). The President of Georgia met with the Governor of New Jersey, Chris Christie within the scope of his visit to the United States. As one of the leading reformers, Chris Christie spoke about the importance and necessity of reforms that took place in Georgia and the democratic progress ... We are preparing for the future....(size: 1.6Kb)
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The Dallas Morning News
18 May 2013
— New York Jets running back Mike Goodson is facing drug and weapons charges after he was found in a car with an acquaintance early Friday morning on Interstate 80 in New Jersey ... 80 west in Denville, about 25 miles west of New York City ... Jets RB Mike Goodson, a former Texas A&M star, facing drug and weapons charges after arrest in New Jersey....(size: 5.1Kb)
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The New York Times
18 May 2013
Midday New York Numbers — 612; Lucky Sum — 9. Midday New York Win 4 — 9049; Lucky Sum — 22. New York Numbers — 319; Lucky Sum — 13. New York Win 4 — 7643; Lucky Sum — 20 ... Midday New Jersey Pick 3 — 479. Midday New Jersey Pick 4 — 1588. New Jersey Pick 3 — 189. New Jersey Pick 4 — 9774. New Jersey Cash 5 — 2, 10, 20, 29, 37 ... New York Take 5 — 3, 11, 16, 27, 36 ... Lotteries Connecticut New Jersey New York State....(size: 2.9Kb)
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STL Today
18 May 2013
Superior Court Judge Raymond Batten said The Atlantic Club Casino Hotel could terminate the contract it signed with The Rational Group, the British parent company of PokerStars, when the company failed to get New Jersey's preliminary approval by April 26 to own a casino ... A spokesman for The Rational Group, based in Isle of Man, said the company is reviewing the decision, and still hopes to enter the New Jersey market....(size: 4.0Kb)
Edit
Seattle Post
18 May 2013
Superior Court Judge Raymond Batten said The Atlantic Club Casino Hotel could terminate the contract it signed with The Rational Group, the British parent company of PokerStars, when the company failed to get New Jersey's preliminary approval by April 26 to own a casino ... New Jersey, Nevada and Delaware are the only three states where Internet gambling is legal....(size: 4.0Kb)
Edit
The Washington Post
18 May 2013
Superior Court Judge Raymond Batten said The Atlantic Club Casino Hotel could terminate the contract it signed with The Rational Group, the British parent company of PokerStars, when the company failed to get New Jersey’s preliminary approval by April 26 to own a casino ... New Jersey, Nevada and Delaware are the only three states where Internet gambling is legal....(size: 5.0Kb)
Edit
The Los Angeles Times
18 May 2013
That helped police catch the one-time Internet sensation, Caleb "Kai" McGillvary, 24, who is suspected of murdering a New Jersey lawyer, officials said Friday as they gave more details about the case ... Romankow, said McGillvary would be brought to New Jersey to face charges he murdered 73-year-old Joseph Galfy Jr....(size: 5.3Kb)
Edit
Springfield News-Sun
18 May 2013
The New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority on Friday approved the master plan for the American Dream megamall in the Meadowlands sports complex, clearing the way for construction to resume on a project that has spanned 10 years and spawned jokes about its unique exterior ... The mall's exterior of pastel panels, visible from the New Jersey Turnpike, has drawn ridicule and once moved Gov....(size: 2.6Kb)
Edit
Seattle Post
18 May 2013
(AP) — The New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority on Friday approved the master plan for the American Dream megamall in the Meadowlands sports complex, clearing the way for construction to resume on a project that has spanned 10 years and spawned jokes about its unique exterior ... The mall's exterior of pastel panels, visible from the New Jersey Turnpike, has drawn ridicule and once moved Gov....(size: 2.6Kb)
Edit
noodls
18 May 2013
(Source ... Wichita 8, Kansas City 0 ... New Jersey 6, St ... In interleague play, the New Jersey Jackals of the Can-Am League scored two runs in the top of the 10th inning to defeat the St ... New Jersey 3B Nick Giarraputo had a solid night at the plate going 3-for-5 with a home run and three RBI ... New Jersey reliever Keith Cantwell, despite allowing the Saints to tie up the game in the ninth inning, picked up the win while David Filak got the save....(size: 4.0Kb)
Edit
my SA
18 May 2013
(AP) — A homeless, hatchet-wielding hitchhiker who became an Internet hero earlier this year was arrested Thursday for allegedly beating a New Jersey lawyer to death inside his home ... Romankow said he will be processed and sent to back to New Jersey, where his bail is set at $3 million....(size: 3.7Kb)
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noodls
18 May 2013
... West (New Jersey, Pennsylvania) will each feature six teams and receive two bids per division. The North Atlantic East (Connecticut, New Jersey, New York) is comprised of five clubs and will receive two spots, while the New England Division (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Ontario) will have eight teams and two spots at the finals....(size: 2.9Kb)
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noodls
18 May 2013
With "You Make the Pick", fans can "advise" the organization as to who the Panthers should choose with the second overall pick in the Draft, with one randomly chosen grand prize winner and their guest receiving a trip (round trip airfare courtesy of JetBlue and accommodations) to New Jersey for the NHL Entry Draft on Sunday, June 30....(size: 2.5Kb)
This article is about the U.S. state of New Jersey. For other uses, see New Jersey (disambiguation).
"NJ" redirects here. For other uses, see Nj (disambiguation).
| State of New Jersey | |||||
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| Nickname(s): The Garden State[1] | |||||
| Motto(s): Liberty and prosperity | |||||
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| Official language(s) | None | ||||
| Demonym | New Jerseyan,[2] New Jerseyite[3] | ||||
| Capital | Trenton | ||||
| Largest city | Newark | ||||
| Area | Ranked 47th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 8,721 sq mi (22,608 km2) |
||||
| - Width | 70 miles (112 km) | ||||
| - Length | 170 miles (273 km) | ||||
| - % water | 14.9 | ||||
| - Latitude | 38° 56′ N to 41° 21′ N | ||||
| - Longitude | 73° 54′ W to 75° 34′ W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 11th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 8,821,155 (2011 est)[4] | ||||
| - Density | 1189/sq mi (459/km2) Ranked 1st in the U.S. |
||||
| - Median household income | $70,378 (2nd) | ||||
| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | High Point[5][6] 1,803 ft (549.6 m) |
||||
| - Mean | 250 ft (80 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Atlantic Ocean[5] sea level |
||||
| Before statehood | Province of New Jersey | ||||
| Admission to Union | December 18, 1787 (3rd) | ||||
| Governor | Chris Christie (R) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Kim Guadagno (R) | ||||
| Legislature | New Jersey Legislature | ||||
| - Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | General Assembly | ||||
| U.S. Senators | Frank Lautenberg (D) Bob Menendez (D) |
||||
| U.S. House delegation | 7 Democrats, 6 Republicans (list) | ||||
| Time zone | Eastern: UTC -5/-4 | ||||
| Abbreviations | NJ N.J. US-NJ | ||||
| Website | www.nj.gov | ||||
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| The Flag of New Jersey. | |
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| The Seal of New Jersey. | |
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| Animate insignia | |
| Bird(s) | Eastern Goldfinch |
| Fish | Brook trout |
| Flower(s) | Viola sororia |
| Grass | None |
| Insect | European honey bee |
| Reptile | None |
| Tree | Quercus rubra |
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| Inanimate insignia | |
| Beverage | None |
| Colors | Buff and Blue |
| Dance | Square Dance |
| Fossil | duck-billed dinosaur |
| Gemstone | None |
| Mineral | None |
| Soil | Honeoye |
| Song(s) | None |
| Tartan | None |
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New Jersey (
i/nuː ˈdʒɜrzi/) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by the U.S. state of New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey is the 4th least extensive, but the 11th most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies mostly within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is also the third wealthiest by 2009–2010 median household income.[7]
The area was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, with historical tribes such as the Lenape along the coast. In the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements.[8] The British later seized control of the region,[9] naming it the Province of New Jersey. It was granted as a colony to Sir George Carteret and John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton. At this time, it was named after the largest of the British Channel Islands, Jersey, Carteret's birthplace.[10] New Jersey was the site of several decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War.
In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Elizabeth, Paterson, and Trenton helped to drive the Industrial Revolution. New Jersey's position at the center of the Northeast megalopolis, between Boston and New York City to the northeast, and Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C. to the southwest, fueled its rapid growth through the process of suburbanization in the 1950s and beyond.
Contents |
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of New Jersey
See also: List of counties in New Jersey
New Jersey is bordered on the north and northeast by New York (parts of which are across the Hudson River, Upper New York Bay, the Kill Van Kull, Newark Bay, and the Arthur Kill); on the east by the Atlantic Ocean; on the southwest by Delaware across Delaware Bay; and on the west by Pennsylvania across the Delaware River.
New Jersey can be thought of as five regions, based on natural geography and population. Northeastern New Jersey, the Gateway Region, lies within the New York City Metropolitan Area, and some residents commute into the city to work. Northwestern New Jersey, or the "Skylands", is, compared to the northeast, more wooded, rural, and mountainous. The "Shore", along the Atlantic Coast in the central-east and southeast, has its own natural, residential, and lifestyle characteristics owing to its location by the ocean. The Delaware Valley includes the southwestern counties of the state, which reside within the Philadelphia Metropolitan Area. The fifth region is the Pine Barrens in the interior of the southern part. Covered rather extensively by mixed pine and oak forest, it has a much lower population density than much of the rest of the state.
New Jersey also can be broadly divided into three geographic regions: North Jersey, Central Jersey, and South Jersey. Some New Jersey residents do not consider Central Jersey a region in its own right, but others believe it is a separate geographic and cultural area from the North and South.
The federal Office of Management and Budget divides New Jersey's counties into seven Metropolitan Statistical Areas, including sixteen counties in the New York City or Philadelphia metro areas. Four counties have independent metro areas, and Warren County is part of the Pennsylvania-based Lehigh Valley metro area. (See Metropolitan Statistical Areas of New Jersey for details.)
It is also at the center of the Northeast megalopolis.
Additionally, the New Jersey Commerce, Economic Growth, & Tourism Commission divides the state into six distinct regions to facilitate the state's tourism industry. The regions are:
- Gateway Region, encompassing Middlesex County, Union County, Essex County, Hudson County, Bergen County, and Passaic County.
- Skylands Region, encompassing Sussex County, Morris County, Warren County, Hunterdon County, and Somerset County.
- Shore Region, encompassing Monmouth County and Ocean County.
- Delaware River Region, encompassing Mercer County, Burlington County, Camden County, Gloucester County, and Salem County.
- Greater Atlantic City Region, encompassing Atlantic County.
- Southern Shore Region, encompassing Cumberland County and Cape May County.
High Point, in Montague Township, Sussex County, is the highest elevation, at 1,803 feet (550 m). The Palisades are a line of steep cliffs on the lower west side of the Hudson River.
Major rivers include the Hudson, Delaware, Raritan, Passaic, Hackensack, Rahway, Musconetcong, Mullica, Rancocas, Manasquan, Maurice, and Toms rivers.
Sandy Hook, along the eastern coast, is a popular recreational beach. It is a barrier spit and an extension of the Barnegat Peninsula along the state's Atlantic Ocean coast.
Long Beach Island ("LBI"), a barrier island along the eastern coast, has popular recreational beaches. The primary access point to the island is by a single bridge connection to the mainland. Barnegat Lighthouse is on the northern tip.
Areas managed by the National Park Service include:
- Appalachian National Scenic Trail
- Delaware National Scenic River
- Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
- Ellis Island National Monument
- Gateway National Recreation Area in Monmouth County
- Great Egg Harbor River
- Morristown National Historical Park in Morristown
- New Jersey Coastal Heritage Trail Route
- New Jersey Pinelands National Reserve
- Thomas Edison National Historical Park in West Orange
Prominent geographic features include:
- Delaware Water Gap
- Great Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
- The Highlands
- New Jersey Meadowlands
- Pine Barrens
- South Mountain
Climate[link]
As with many other geographic features, New Jersey's climate divides into regions. The south, central, and northeast parts of the state have a humid mesothermal climate, while the northwest has a humid continental climate (microthermal), with slightly cooler temperatures due to higher elevation. New Jersey receives between 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine annually.[12]
Summers are typically hot and humid, with statewide average high temperatures of 82–88 °F (28–31 °C) and lows of 60–70 °F (16–21 °C); however, temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on average 25 days each summer, though rarely exceed 100 °F (38 °C). Winters are usually cold, with average high temperatures of 38–46 °F (3–8 °C) and lows of 26–32 °F (-3–0 °C) for most of the state, but temperatures could, for brief interludes, be as low as 10–20 °F (-12–-7 °C) and sometimes rise to 50–60 °F (10–16 °C). Northwestern parts of the state have slightly colder winters with average temperatures just below freezing. Spring and autumn may feature wide temperature variations, with lower humidity than summer.[13]
Average annual precipitation ranges from 43 to 51 inches (1,100 to 1,300 mm), uniformly spread through the year. Average snowfall per winter season ranges from 10–15 inches (25–38 cm) in the south and near the seacoast, 15–30 inches (38–76 cm) in the northeast and central part of the state, to about 40–50 inches (1.0–1.3 m) in the northwestern highlands, but this varies from year to year. Precipitation falls on an average of 120 days a year, with 25 to 30 thunderstorms, most of which occur during the summer.
During winter and early spring, New Jersey can in some years experience "nor'easters", which are capable of causing blizzards or flooding throughout the northeastern United States. Hurricanes and tropical storms (such as Tropical Storm Floyd in 1999[14]), tornadoes, and earthquakes are rare.
| Average high and low temperatures in various cities of New Jersey °C (°F) | |||||||||||||
| City | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sussex | 1/-10 (33/14) | 3/-9 (38/16) | 8/-4 (46/25) | 15/2 (59/36) | 21/7 (70/45) | 26/12 (78/54) | 28/15 (83/59) | 28/14 (82/57) | 23/9 (73/48) | 17/3 (63/38) | 11/-1 (52/30) | 4/-6 (39/21) | |
| Newark | 3/-4 (38/25) | 5/-3 (41/27) | 10/1 (50/34) | 16/7 (61/45) | 22/12 (72/54) | 27/18 (81/64) | 29/21 (84/70) | 28/20 (82/68) | 24/16 (75/61) | 18/9 (64/48) | 12/4 (54/39) | 6/-1 (43/30) | |
| Atlantic City | 5/-2 (42/28) | 6/-1 (44/30) | 9/3 (48/38) | 14/7 (57/45) | 19/13 (66/56) | 24/18 (75/64) | 27/21 (80/70) | 27/21 (80/70) | 23/18 (73/64) | 18/12 (64/54) | 13/6 (55/44) | 8/1 (46/34) | |
| Cape May | 6/-3 (43/27) | 6/-2 (43/28) | 11/2 (52/36) | 16/6 (61/43) | 21/12 (70/54) | 26/17 (79/63) | 29/19 (84/66) | 28/19 (82/66) | 25/16 (77/61) | 19/9 (66/48) | 13/4 (55/39) | 8/-1 (46/30) | |
| Weather.com[15] | |||||||||||||
History[link]
Main article: History of New Jersey
Around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains. Around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as many rivers, swamps, and gorges.[16]
New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time Europeans arrived. The Lenape were loosely organized groups that practiced small-scale agriculture (mainly based on corn) in order to increase their largely mobile hunter-gatherer society in the region surrounding the Delaware River, the lower Hudson River, and western Long Island Sound. The Lenape society was divided into matrilinear clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign: Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf. They first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade.
Colonial era[link]
Main article: Colonial history of New Jersey
New Jersey was first claimed by the Dutch. The Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of land ownership was not recognized by the Lenape, Dutch West India Company policy required their colonists to purchase land which they settled. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship named Pavonia along the North River which eventually became the Bergen. Peter Minuit's purchase of lands along the Delaware River establish the colony of New Sweden. The entire region became a territory of England in 1664, when an English fleet under the command of Colonel Richard Nicolls sailed into what is today New York Harbor and took control of Fort Amsterdam, annexing the entire province.
During the English Civil War the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the Crown and gave sanctuary to the King. It was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was first proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York (later King James II), the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony (as opposed to a royal colony). James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River (the land that would become New Jersey) to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War: Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton. The area was named the Province of New Jersey.
Since the state's inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic and religious diversity. New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants. While the majority of residents lived in towns with individual landholdings of 100 acres (40 ha), a few rich proprietors owned vast estates. English Quakers and Anglicans owned large landholdings. Unlike Plymouth Colony, Jamestown and other colonies, New Jersey was populated by a secondary wave of immigrants who came from other colonies instead of those who migrated directly from Europe. New Jersey remained agrarian and rural throughout the colonial era, and commercial farming only developed sporadically. Some townships, such as Burlington on the Delaware River and Perth Amboy, emerged as important ports for shipping to New York and Philadelphia. The colony's fertile lands and tolerant religious policy drew more settlers, and New Jersey boasted a population of 120,000 by 1775.
Settlement for the first 10 years of English rule was along Hackensack River and Arthur Kill and settlers came primarily from New England. Unlike other colonies that were settled by immigrants from Europe, New Jersey was populated by a secondary wave of settlement from communities already established on the North American continent. March 18, 1673, Berkeley sold his half of the colony to Quakers in England, who settled the Delaware Valley region as a Quaker colony. (William Penn acted as trustee for the lands for a time.) New Jersey was governed very briefly as two distinct provinces, East and West Jersey, for 28 years between 1674 and 1702, at times part of the Province of New York or Dominion of New England.
In 1702, the two provinces were reunited under a royal, rather than a proprietary, governor. Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury, became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. Lord Cornbury was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land, so in 1708 he was recalled to England. New Jersey was then ruled by the governors of New York, but this infuriated the settlers of New Jersey, who accused those governors of favoritism to New York. Judge Lewis Morris led the case for a separate governor, and was appointed governor by King George II in 1738.[17]
Revolutionary War era[link]
Main article: New Jersey during the American Revolution
New Jersey was one of the Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution. The New Jersey Constitution of 1776 was passed July 2, 1776, just two days before the Second Continental Congress declared American Independence from Great Britain. It was an act of the Provincial Congress, which made itself into the state Legislature. To reassure neutrals, it provided that it would become void if New Jersey reached reconciliation with Great Britain.
New Jersey representatives Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, and Abraham Clark were among those who signed the United States Declaration of Independence.
During the American Revolutionary War, British and American armies crossed New Jersey numerous times, and several pivotal battles took place in the state. Because of this, New Jersey today is often referred to as "The Crossroads of the Revolution." The winter quarters of the revolutionary army were established there twice by General George Washington in Morristown, which was called the military capital of the revolution.
On December 25, 1776, the Continental Army under George Washington crossed the Delaware River. After the crossing, he surprised and defeated the unprepared Hessian troops in the Battle of Trenton. Slightly more than a week after victory at Trenton, on January 3, 1777, American forces gained an important victory by stopping General Cornwallis's charges at the Second Battle of Trenton. By evading Cornwallis's army, Washington made a surprise attack on Princeton and successfully defeated the British forces there. Emanuel Leutze's painting of Washington Crossing the Delaware became an icon of the Revolution.
American forces under Washington met the forces under General Henry Clinton at the Battle of Monmouth in an indecisive engagement in June 1778. Washington attempted to take the British column by surprise; when the British army attempted to flank the Americans, the Americans retreated in disorder. The ranks were later reorganized and withstood the British charges.
In the summer of 1783, the Continental Congress met in Nassau Hall at Princeton University, making Princeton the nation's capital for four months. It was there that the Continental Congress learned of the signing of the Treaty of Paris (1783), which ended the war.
On December 18, 1787, New Jersey became the third state to ratify the United States Constitution, which was overwhelmingly popular in New Jersey, as it prevented New York and Pennsylvania from charging and keeping tariffs on goods imported from Europe. On November 20, 1789, the state became the first in the newly formed Union to ratify the Bill of Rights.
The 1776 New Jersey State Constitution gave the vote to "all inhabitants" who had a certain level of wealth. This included women and blacks, but not married women, because they could not own property separately from their husbands. Both sides, in several elections, claimed that the other side had had unqualified women vote and mocked them for use of "petticoat electors" (entitled to vote or not); on the other hand, both parties passed Voting Rights Acts. In 1807, the legislature passed a bill interpreting the constitution to mean universal white male suffrage, excluding paupers. (This was less revolutionary than it sounds: the "constitution" was itself only an act of the legislature.)[18]
19th century[link]
Main article: New Jersey in the 19th century
On February 15, 1804, New Jersey became the last northern state to abolish new slavery and enacted legislation that slowly phased out existing slavery. This led to a gradual scale-down of the slave population. By the close of the Civil War about a dozen African Americans in New Jersey were still apprenticed freedmen. New Jersey voters initially refused to ratify the constitutional amendments banning slavery and granting rights to the United States' black population.
In 1844, the second state constitution was ratified and brought into effect. Counties thereby became districts for the State Senate, and some realignment of boundaries (including the creation of Mercer County) immediately followed. This provision was retained in the 1947 Constitution, but was overturned by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1962 by the decision Baker v. Carr. While the Governorship was stronger than under the 1776 constitution, the constitution of 1844 created many offices that were not responsible to him, or to the people, and it gave him a three-year term, but he could not succeed himself.
Unlike the Revolutionary War, no Civil War battles took place within the state. However, throughout the course of the Civil War, over 80,000 from New Jersey enlisted in the Northern army to defeat the Southern Confederacy.
New Jersey was one of the few Northern states (the others being Delaware and Kentucky) to select a candidate other than Abraham Lincoln twice in national elections, and sided with Stephen Douglas (1860) and George B. McClellan (1864) during their campaigns. McClellan later became governor (1878–81). During the Civil War, the state was led first by Republican Governor Charles Smith Olden, then by Democrat Joel Parker.
In the Industrial Revolution, cities like Paterson grew and prospered. Previously, the economy had been largely agrarian, which was problematically subject to crop failures and poor soil. This caused a shift to a more industrialized economy, one based on manufactured commodities such as textiles and silk. Inventor Thomas Edison also became an important figure of the Industrial Revolution, having been granted 1,093 patents, many of which for inventions he developed while working in New Jersey. Edison's facilities, first at Menlo Park and then in West Orange, are considered perhaps the first research centers in the U.S. Christie Street in Menlo Park was the first thoroughfare in the world to have electric lighting. Transportation was greatly improved as locomotion and steamboats were introduced to New Jersey.
Iron mining was also a leading industry during the middle to late 19th century. Bog iron pits in the Southern New Jersey Pinelands were among the first sources of iron for the new nation.[19] Mines such as Mt. Hope, Mine Hill and the Rockaway Valley Mines created a thriving industry. Mining generated the impetus for new towns and was one of the driving forces behind the need for the Morris Canal. Zinc mines were also a major industry, especially the Sterling Hill Mine.
20th century[link]
Main article: New Jersey in the 20th century
Through both World Wars, New Jersey was a center for war production, especially in naval construction. Battleships, cruisers, and destroyers were all made in this state. In addition, Fort Dix (1917) (originally called "Camp Dix"),[20] Camp Merritt (1917)[21] and Camp Kilmer (1941)[22] were all constructed to house and train American soldiers through both World Wars. New Jersey also became a principal location for defense in the Cold War. Fourteen Nike Missile stations were constructed, especially for the defense of New York City and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. PT-109, a motor torpedo boat commanded by Lt. (j.g.) John F. Kennedy in World War II, was built at the Elco Boatworks in Bayonne. The aircraft carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6) was briefly docked at the Military Ocean Terminal in Bayonne in the 1950s before she was sent to Kearney to be scrapped.[23] In 1962, the world's first nuclear-powered cargo ship, the NS Savannah, was launched at Camden.
New Jersey prospered through the Roaring Twenties. The first Miss America Pageant was held in 1921 in Atlantic City, the first drive-in movie was shown in 1933 in Camden, and the Holland Tunnel opened in 1927. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, the state offered begging licenses to unemployed residents,[24] the zeppelin airship Hindenburg crashed in flames over Lakehurst, and the SS Morro Castle beached itself near Asbury Park after going up in flames while at sea.
In 1951, the New Jersey Turnpike opened, permitting fast travel by car and truck between North Jersey (and metropolitan New York) and South Jersey (and metropolitan Philadelphia).
In the 1960s, race riots erupted in many of the industrial cities of North Jersey. The first race riots in New Jersey occurred in Jersey City on August 2, 1964. Several others ensued in 1967, in Newark and Plainfield. Other riots followed the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in April 1968, just as in the rest of the country. A riot occurred in Camden in 1971.
As a result of an order from the New Jersey Supreme Court to fund schools equitably, the New Jersey legislature reluctantly passed an income tax bill in 1976. Prior to this bill, the state had no income tax.[25]
21st century[link]
Originally competing at Giants Stadium before moving to adjacent MetLife Stadium in 2010, the Giants and Jets franchises felt the Meadowlands and its sports venues were outdated by today's professional sports standards. This also led to the Devils' relocation from the Izod Center to the Prudential Center in Newark at the start of the 2007–08 season. The Brooklyn Nets, also formerly based at the Izod Center, left for the Prudential Center in 2010 for two NBA seasons. The team then relocated to Brooklyn, New York at the Barclays Center for the 2012–13 season.
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1790 | 184,139 |
|
|
| 1800 | 211,149 | 14.7% | |
| 1810 | 245,562 | 16.3% | |
| 1820 | 277,575 | 13.0% | |
| 1830 | 320,823 | 15.6% | |
| 1840 | 373,306 | 16.4% | |
| 1850 | 489,555 | 31.1% | |
| 1860 | 672,035 | 37.3% | |
| 1870 | 906,096 | 34.8% | |
| 1880 | 1,131,116 | 24.8% | |
| 1890 | 1,444,933 | 27.7% | |
| 1900 | 1,883,669 | 30.4% | |
| 1910 | 2,537,167 | 34.7% | |
| 1920 | 3,155,900 | 24.4% | |
| 1930 | 4,041,334 | 28.1% | |
| 1940 | 4,160,165 | 2.9% | |
| 1950 | 4,835,329 | 16.2% | |
| 1960 | 6,066,782 | 25.5% | |
| 1970 | 7,168,164 | 18.2% | |
| 1980 | 7,364,823 | 2.7% | |
| 1990 | 7,730,188 | 5.0% | |
| 2000 | 8,414,350 | 8.9% | |
| 2010 | 8,791,894 | 4.5% | |
| Source: 1910–2010[26] | |||
State population[link]
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of New Jersey was 8,821,155 on July 1, 2011, a 0.33% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[4] Residents of New Jersey are most commonly referred to as "New Jerseyans" or "New Jerseyites". As of the census[27] of 2010[update], there were 8,791,894 people residing in the state. The racial makeup of the state was 68.6% White, 13.7% African American, 0.3% Native American, 8.3% Asian, 6.4% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. 17.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino. Non-Hispanic Whites were 59.3% of the population in 2010,[28] down from 85% in 1970.[29]
The United States Census Bureau, as of July 1, 2009 (2009 -07-01)[update], estimated New Jersey's population at 8,707,739,[30] which represents an increase of 268,301, or 3.2%, since the last census in 2000.[31] This includes a natural increase since the last census of 343,965 people (that is, 933,185 births minus 589,220 deaths) and a decrease due to net migration of 53,930 people out of the state.[31] Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 384,687 people, and migration within the country produced a net loss of 438,617 people.[31] As of 2005[update], there were 1.6 million foreign-born living in the state (accounting for 19.2% of the population).[32]
As of 2010, New Jersey is the eleventh-most populous state in the United States, and the most densely populated, at 1,185 residents per square mile (458 per km2), with most of the population residing in the counties surrounding New York City, Philadelphia, and along the eastern Jersey Shore, while the extreme southern and northwestern counties are relatively less dense overall. It is also the second wealthiest state according to the U.S. Census Bureau.[33]
The center of population for New Jersey is located in Middlesex County, in the town of Milltown, just east of the New Jersey Turnpike.[34]
New Jersey is home to more scientists and engineers per square mile than anywhere else in the world.[35]
| By race | White | Black | AIAN* | Asian | NHPI* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 (total population) | 79.16% | 14.98% | 0.61% | 6.28% | 0.13% |
| 2000 (Hispanic only) | 11.87% | 1.29% | 0.20% | 0.10% | 0.05% |
| 2005 (total population) | 77.68% | 15.19% | 0.66% | 7.70% | 0.15% |
| 2005 (Hispanic only) | 13.66% | 1.45% | 0.22% | 0.12% | 0.06% |
| Growth 2000–05 (total population) | 1.68% | 5.01% | 11.60% | 27.06% | 18.52% |
| Growth 2000–05 (non-Hispanic only) | -1.41% | 3.89% | 8.86% | 27.17% | 17.30% |
| Growth 2000–05 (Hispanic only) | 19.21% | 16.92% | 17.36% | 20.28% | 20.68% |
| * AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native; NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | |||||
New Jersey is one of the most ethnically and religiously diverse states in the country. It has the second largest Jewish population by percentage (after New York);[36] the second largest Muslim population by percentage (after Michigan); the largest population of people from Costa Rica in the United States; the largest population of Cubans outside of Florida; the third highest Asian population by percentage; and the third highest Italian population by percentage according to the 2000 Census. African Americans, Hispanics and Latinos, and Arabs are also high in number. It has the third highest Indian population of any state by absolute numbers.[37][38][39][40] It has the third largest Korean population, fourth largest Filipino population, and fourth largest Chinese population, per the 2000 U.S. Census. The five largest ethnic groups are: Italian (17.9%), Irish (15.9%), African (13.6%), German (12.6%), Polish (6.9%).
Newark is the fourth poorest city in America,[41] but New Jersey as a whole has the second highest median household income.[42] This is largely because so much of New Jersey consists of suburbs, most of them affluent, of New York City and Philadelphia. New Jersey is also the most densely populated state, and the only state that has had every one of its counties deemed "urban" as defined by the Census Bureau's Combined Statistical Area.[43]
The state has very sizable enclaves of different non-English-speaking communities. Some of these languages include:
- Spanish – spoken throughout the state.
- Italian – spoken throughout the state.
- Polish – spoken throughout the state.
- Gujarati – spoken throughout the state.
- Hindi – spoken throughout the state.
- Tagalog – spoken throughout the state.
- Mandarin Chinese – spoken throughout the state, most prominently in the northern and central counties.
- Korean – spoken prominently in Bergen County.
- Telugu – spoken prominently in Middlesex County and Hudson County.
- Tamil – spoken prominently in Middlesex County and Hudson County.
- Malayalam – spoken prominently in Bergen County.
- Portuguese – spoken prominently in the Ironbound section of Newark.
- Turkish – spoken prominently in the Little Istanbul section of Paterson.
- Russian – spoken prominently in the Fair Lawn borough of Bergen County.
Each county's largest ethnic group, according to the 2000 Census, is:
- Italian — Passaic, Bergen, Union, Hudson, Morris, Somerset, Middlesex, Mercer, Monmouth, Ocean, Atlantic, Cumberland[40]
- Irish — Sussex, Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, Cape May[40]
- German — Warren, Hunterdon, Salem[40]
6.7% of its population was reported as under age 5, 24.8% under 18, and 13.2% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 51.5% of the population.
According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 12.31% of the population aged 5 and over speak Spanish at home, while 1.12% speak Italian, 1.03% speak Portuguese, and 1.02% speak Tagalog (Filipino).[46]
In 2010, illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 6.4% of the population. This was the fourth highest percentage of any state in the country.[47][48]
Religion[link]
See also: Religion in New Jersey
| Religious group | % |
|---|---|
| Catholic | 37 |
| None | 15 |
| Baptist | 8 |
| Methodist | 6 |
| Refused to identify | 5 |
| Christian (no denomination stated) |
4 |
| Jewish (by religion only) |
2 |
| Other | 4 |
| Presbyterian | 4 |
| Lutheran | 3 |
| Episcopalian/Anglican | 2 |
| Other Protestant | 2 |
| Jehovah's Witness | 1 |
| Mormon/LDS | 1 |
| Muslim/Islamic | 1 |
| Non-denominational | 1 |
| Pentecostal | 1 |
| Assemblies of God | * |
| Buddhist | * |
| Church of Christ | * |
| Church of God | * |
| Congregational/UCC | * |
| Evangelical | * |
| Seventh Day Adventist | * |
*Less than 0.5%
Economy[link]
The Bureau of Economic Analysis estimates that New Jersey's gross state product in 2010 was $487 billion.[50][51] As of January 2012[update], the state's unemployment rate is 9%.[52][53][54]
Affluence[link]
Its per capita gross state product in 2008 was $54,699, 2nd in the U.S. and above the national per capita gross domestic product of $46,588.[55] Its per-capita income was the third highest in the nation with $51,358.[55] The state also has the highest percentage of millionaire households.[56] It is ranked 2nd in the nation by the number of places with per capita incomes above national average with 76.4%. Nine of New Jersey's counties are in the wealthiest 100 of the country.
Fiscal policy[link]
New Jersey has seven tax brackets for determining income tax rates. The rates range from 1.4 to 8.97%. The standard sales tax rate is 7%, applicable to all retail sales unless specifically exempt by law. Exemptions include most food items for at-home preparation, medicines, clothing (except fur items), footwear, and disposable paper products for use in the home. Approximately 30 New Jersey municipalities are designated as Urban Enterprise Zones and shoppers are charged a 3½% tax rate, half of the rate charged outside the UEZs. Sections of Elizabeth and Jersey City are examples of communities that are subject to the lower sales tax rate. New Jersey has the highest tax rate of all 50 states with residents paying a total of $68 billion in state and local taxes annually with a per capita burden of $7,816 at a rate of 12.9% of income.[57] All real property located in the state is subject to property tax unless specifically exempted by statute. New Jersey does not assess an intangible personal property tax, but it does impose an inheritance tax.
Federal taxation disparity[link]
New Jersey has the highest disparity of any state in the United States between what it gives to the federal government and what it receives. In fiscal year 2005, New Jersey taxpayers gave the federal government $77 billion, while only receiving $55 billion. This difference is higher than any other state and means that for every $1 New Jersey taxpayers send to Washington, the state only receives $0.61 in return. This calculation is applied correctly after making the federal government deficit neutral, as sometimes the federal government spends more than it receives.[58] As of 2005[update], New Jersey has never been above 48th in rank for per capita federal spending (with a rank of 50th for the majority of that time) since 1982, while being second or third in per capita federal taxes paid to Washington.
New Jersey runs into deficits frequently and has one of the highest tax burdens in the nation.[59] Factors for this include the large federal tax liability which is not adjusted for New Jersey's higher cost of living and Medicaid funding formulas. As shown by the study, incomes tend to be higher in New Jersey, which puts those in higher tax brackets especially vulnerable to the alternative minimum tax.
Industries[link]
New Jersey's economy is centered on the pharmaceutical industry, the financial industry, chemical development, telecommunications, food processing, electric equipment, printing and publishing, and tourism. New Jersey's agricultural outputs are nursery stock, horses, vegetables, fruits and nuts, seafood, and dairy products. New Jersey ranks second among states in blueberry production, third in cranberries and spinach, and fourth in bell peppers, peaches, and head lettuce.[60] New Jersey harvests the fourth-largest number of acres planted with asparagus.[61]
Although New Jersey is home to many energy-intensive industries, its energy consumption is only 2.7% of the U.S. total, and its carbon dioxide emissions are only 0.8% of the U.S. total. Its comparatively low greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to nuclear power. According to the Energy Information Administration, nuclear power dominates New Jersey’s electricity market, typically supplying more than one-half of State generation. New Jersey has three nuclear power plants, including the Oyster Creek Nuclear Generating Station, which came online in 1969 and is the oldest operating nuclear plant in the country.[62]
New Jersey has a strong scientific economy. New Jersey is home to major pharmaceutical firms such as Johnson and Johnson, Sanofi-Aventis, Novartis, Pfizer, Merck, Hoffman-LaRoche, and Bristol-Myers Squibb. New Jersey is home to major telecommunications firms such as Verizon Wireless, Avaya, Alcatel-Lucent and AT&T Communications. Furthermore, New Jersey draws upon its large and well-educated labor pool which also supports the myriad of industries that exist today.
New Jersey is the ultimate bedroom community since the state is right next to New York City and Philadelphia. Thus, there is a strong service economy in New Jersey serving residents who work in New York City or Philadelphia. Some of these industries include retail sales, education and real estate. Newark Liberty International Airport is ranked seventh among the nation's busiest airports and among the top 20 busiest airports in the world.
Shipping is a strong industry in New Jersey because of the state's strategic location, the Port of New York and New Jersey the busiest on the East Coast. The Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal was the world's first container port and is one of the world's largest container ports. New Jersey also has a strong presence in chemical development, refining, and food processing operations.
New Jersey hosts several business headquarters, including twenty-four Fortune 500 companies.[63] Paramus is noted for having one of the highest retail sales per person ratios in the nation. Several New Jersey counties such as Somerset (7), Morris (10), Hunterdon (13), Bergen (21), Monmouth (42) counties are ranked among the highest-income counties in the United States. Four others are also in the top 100.
Natural resources[link]
New Jersey's greatest natural resource is its location, which has made the state a crossroads of commerce. Other commercial advantages include its extensive transportation system, which puts one quarter of all United States consumers within overnight delivery range. Lake and seaside resorts such as Atlantic City have contributed to New Jersey's rank of fifth among the states in revenues from tourism.
Almost half of New Jersey is wooded. The chief tree of the northern forests is the oak. A large part of the southern section is in pine. Jersey oak has been used extensively in shipbuilding.
The mineral resources in New Jersey are small. The state, however, does rank high in smelting and refining minerals from other states. Some mining activity does still take place in the area in and around the Franklin Furnace, which was long a center of zinc production (see New Jersey Zinc Company).
New Jersey is second in the nation in solar power installations, enabled by one of the country's most favorable net metering policies, and the renewable energy certificates program. The state has more than 10,000 solar installations.[64]
Education[link]
See also: Post-secondary education in New Jersey, Primary education in the United States, Secondary education in the United States, Higher education in the United States, and Education in the United States
In 2010, there were 605 school districts in the state.[65]
Secretary of Education Rick Rosenberg, appointed by Governor Jon Corzine, created the Education Advancement Initiative (EAI) to increase College admission rates by 10% for New Jersey's high school students, decrease dropout rates by 15%, and increase the amount of money devoted to schools by 10%. Rosenberg retracted this plan when criticized for taking the money out of healthcare to fund this initiative.
In 2010 the state government paid all of the teachers' premiums for health insurance.[65]
Census data reveal that New Jersey spent more per each public school student than any other state except New York in 2009, amounting to $16,271 spent per pupil, with 41% of the revenue derived from state sources.[66]
According to 2011 Newsweek statistics, students of High Technology High School in Lincroft, Monmouth County and Bergen County Academies in Hackensack, Bergen County registered average SAT scores of 2145 and 2100, respectively,[67] representing the highest and second-highest scores, respectively, of all listed U.S. high schools.[68]
Princeton University in Princeton, Mercer County, is tied with Harvard University in Massachusetts as the top ranked U.S. national university for 2012 as per U.S. News & World Report.[69]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in New Jersey
Roadways[link]
See also: List of New Jersey State Highways
The New Jersey Turnpike is one of the best-known and most-trafficked roadways in the United States. This toll road carries interstate traffic between Delaware and New York, and the East Coast in general. Commonly referred to as simply "the Turnpike," it is known for its numerous rest-areas named after prominent New Jerseyans as diverse as inventor Thomas Edison; United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton; United States Presidents Grover Cleveland and Woodrow Wilson; writers James Fenimore Cooper, Joyce Kilmer, and Walt Whitman; patriot Molly Pitcher; Red Cross advocate Clara Barton; and football coach Vince Lombardi.
The Garden State Parkway, or simply "the Parkway," carries more in-state traffic and runs from the town of Montvale along New Jersey's northern border to its southernmost tip at Cape May for 172.4 miles (277.5 km). It is the trunk that connects the New York metropolitan area to Atlantic City and is consistently one of the safest roads in the nation. With a total of 15 travel lanes and 6 shoulder lanes, the Driscoll Bridge on the Parkway, spanning the Raritan River in Middlesex County, is the widest motor vehicle bridge in the world by number of lanes[72] as well as one of the busiest.
New Jersey is connected to New York City via various bridges and tunnels. The George Washington Bridge at 300,000 vehicles per day carries the heaviest load of motor vehicle traffic of any bridge in the world[70][71] from Fort Lee, New Jersey in Bergen County to the Washington Heights neighborhood in Upper Manhattan in New York City on the Trans-Manhattan Expressway carrying I-95, US 1, and US 9. The Lincoln Tunnel connects to Midtown Manhattan carrying New Jersey State Route 495 and the Holland Tunnel connects to Lower Manhattan carrying I-78. These are the three major Hudson River crossings that see heavy vehicular traffic. New Jersey is also connected to Staten Island by three bridges. From the southernmost to northernmost; the Outerbridge Crossing, Goethals Bridge, and Bayonne Bridge.
Other expressways in New Jersey include the Atlantic City Expressway, the Palisades Interstate Parkway, Interstate 76, Interstate 78, Interstate 80, Interstate 95, Interstate 195, Interstate 278, Interstate 280, Interstate 287, Interstate 295, and Interstate 676. Other major roadways include U.S. 1, U.S. 9, New Jersey Route 17, New Jersey Route 4, and U.S. Route 46.
New Jersey has interstate compacts with all three neighboring states. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the Delaware River Port Authority (with Pennsylvania), and the Delaware River and Bay Authority (with Delaware) operate most of the major transportation routes into and out of New Jersey. Bridge tolls are collected in one direction only — it is free to cross into New Jersey, but motorists must pay when exiting the state. Exceptions to this are the Dingman's Ferry Bridge and the Delaware River – Turnpike Toll Bridge where tolls are charged both ways. The Washington Crossing and Scudders Falls (on I-95) bridges near Trenton, as well as Trenton's Calhoun Street and Bridge Street ("Trenton Makes") bridges, are toll-free. In addition, * Riverton-Belvidere Bridge, Northampton Street Bridge, Riegelsville Bridge, and Upper Black Eddy-Milford Bridge are free Delaware River bridges into and out of NJ.
- Uhlerstown-Frenchtown Bridge – (NJ 12)
- Lumberville-Raven Rock Bridge – (pedestrian)
- Centre Bridge-Stockton Bridge – (PA 263 / CR 523)
New Jersey is one of only two states (along with Oregon) where all fuel dispensing stations are required to sell gasoline full-service to customers. It is unlawful for a customer to serve him/herself.
New Jersey's Highway Maintenance Program was rated "Extremely Poor" by Reason Foundation's "17th Annual Report on the Performance of State Highway Systems."
Airports[link]
Newark Liberty International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the United States. Operated by the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, which runs the other two major airports in the New York metropolitan area (John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia Airport), it is one of the main airports serving the New York City area. Continental Airlines is the facility's largest tenant, operating an entire terminal at Newark, which it uses as one of its primary hubs. FedEx Express operates a large cargo hub. The adjacent Newark Airport railroad station provides access to the trains of Amtrak and New Jersey Transit along the Northeast Corridor Line.
Two smaller commercial airports, Atlantic City International Airport and Trenton-Mercer Airport, also operate in other parts of New Jersey. Teterboro Airport, in Bergen County, is a general aviation airport popular with private and corporate aircraft, due to its proximity to New York City. Millville Municipal Airport, in Cumberland County, is a general aviation airport popular with private and corporate aircraft, due to its proximity to the shore.
Rail and bus[link]
Main article: New Jersey Transit
Further information: New Jersey Transit Bus Operations, New Jersey Transit Rail Operations, Port Authority Trans-Hudson, and PATCO Speedline
The New Jersey Transit Corporation (NJ Transit) operates extensive rail and bus service throughout the state. NJ Transit is a state-run corporation that began with the consolidation of several private bus companies in North Jersey. In the early 1980s, it acquired the commuter train operations of Conrail that connect towns in northern and central New Jersey to New York City. NJ Transit has eleven lines that run throughout different parts of the state. Most of the trains start at various points in the state and most end at either Pennsylvania Station, in New York City, or Hoboken Terminal in Hoboken. NJ Transit began service between Atlantic City and Lindenwold in 1989 and extended it to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the 1990s.
NJ Transit also operates three light rail systems in the state. The Hudson-Bergen Light Rail connects Bayonne to North Bergen, with planned expansion into Bergen County communities. The Newark Light Rail is the only subway system entirely in the state, but it is only partially underground. Its Main Line connects Newark Penn Station in Downtown Newark with outer parts of the city, ending at Grove Street station in Bloomfield. The Broad Street Line of the subway, the first component of the Newark-Elizabeth Rail Link, connects Newark Broad Street Station to Newark Penn Station. The last of the three light rail lines is the River Line which connects Trenton and Camden.
The PATH is a subway and above-ground railway which links Hoboken, Jersey City, Harrison and Newark with New York City. The PATH operates four lines that connect various points in North Jersey and New York. The lines all terminate in Hudson County, Essex County or Manhattan in New York City.
The PATCO High Speedline links Camden County and Philadelphia. PATCO operates a single elevated and subway line that runs from Lindenwold to Center City Philadelphia. PATCO operates stations in Lindenwold, Voorhees, Cherry Hill, Haddonfield, Haddon Township, Collingswood, and Camden, along with four stations in Philadelphia.
Amtrak also operates numerous long-distance passenger trains in New Jersey to and from neighboring states and around the country. In addition to the Newark Airport connection, other major Amtrak railway stations include Trenton Rail Station, Metropark, and the grand historic Newark Penn Station.
SEPTA also has two lines that operate into New Jersey. The Trenton Line terminates at the Trenton Transit Center, and the West Trenton Line terminates at the West Trenton Rail Station in Ewing.
AirTrain Newark is a monorail connecting the Amtrak/NJ Transit station on the Northeast Corridor to the airport's terminals and parking lots.
Some private bus carriers still remain in New Jersey. Most of these carriers operate with state funding to offset losses and state owned buses are provided to these carriers of which Coach USA companies make up the bulk. Other carriers include private charter and tour bus operators that take gamblers from other parts of New Jersey, New York City, Philadelphia, and Delaware to the casino resorts of Atlantic City.
Ferries[link]
On the Delaware Bay, the Delaware River and Bay Authority operates the Cape May-Lewes Ferry. The agency also operates ferries between Fort Mott (New Jersey) and Fort Delaware and Fort DuPont in Delaware. The Delaware River Port Authority operates the RiverLink Ferry between the Camden waterfront and Penn's Landing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
In the Port of New York and New Jersey, New York Waterway has ferry terminals at Belford Harbor, Jersey City, Hoboken and Weehawken, and Edgewater Landing. There are slips are at Port Liberte, Liberty Harbor, Exchange Place in Jersey City, Port Imperial and Lincoln Harbor in Weehawken, Hoboken Terminal and 14th Street in Hoboken. Manhattan terminals are located at Wall Street/Pier 11, Battery Park City (BPC) or West Midtown Ferry Terminal. Liberty Water Taxi in Jersey City has ferries from Paulus Hook and Liberty State Park to (BPC). Statue Cruises has service from Liberty State Park and Statue of Liberty National Monument, including Ellis Island. (Although there is a bridge from Ellis Island to the park built for renovations on the island it is not open for public use.) SeaStreak offers services from the Raritan Bayshore to Manhattan and during the Met's season to Shea Stadium. The ferries on leave from Atlantic Highlands and two terminals in Highlands. Ferry service from Keyport and Perth Amboy have been also been proposed. Service from Elizabeth at Newark Bay is proposed in conjunction with re-development plans on the shore near Jersey Gardens.[73]
Private bus carriers[link]
Several private bus lines provide transportation service in the state of New Jersey. Below is a list of major carriers and their areas of operation:
- Academy--commuter bus service from Burlington, Middlesex, Monmouth, and Ocean counties to lower and midtown Manhattan
- Bergen Avenue IBOA—local bus service in Jersey City
- Broadway Bus—local bus service in Bayonne
- Coach USA
- Community Coach--commuter bus service from Essex and Morris counties
- ONE Bus/Olympia Trails--local bus service in Essex and Union counties, commuter bus service from the Raritan Valley to Manhattan
- Red & Tan in Hudson County--local bus service in Hudson County
- Rockland Coaches--commuter and local bus service from Bergen County to Manhattan
- Suburban Trails--commuter bus service from Middlesex County to Manhattan, local bus service in Middlesex County
- DeCamp Bus Lines--commuter bus service from Essex County to Manhattan
- Greyhound--interstate bus service from terminals in Newark, Atlantic City, and Mount Laurel
- Lakeland Bus Lines--commuter and local bus service from Morris, Somerset, Union, and Sussex counties to Manhattan
- Martz Trailways—service from Warren County to Manhattan
- Montgomery & West Side IBOA--local bus service in Jersey City
- Trans-Bridge Lines--service from the Skylands Region to and from Manhattan
Governance[link]
Main article: Government of New Jersey
Further information: Governor of New Jersey, Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey, New Jersey Legislature, and 2006 New Jersey State Government Shutdown
Executive[link]
The position of Governor of New Jersey has been considered one of the most powerful in the nation. Until 2010 the governor was the only statewide elected office in the state appointed numerous government officials. Formerly, an Acting Governor was even more powerful as he simultaneously served as President of the New Jersey State Senate, thus directing half of the legislative and all of the executive process. In 2002 and 2007, President of the State Senate Richard Codey held the position of Acting Governor for a short time, and from 2004 to 2006 Codey became a long-term Acting Governor due to Jim McGreevey's resignation. A 2005 amendment to the state Constitution prevents the Senate President from becoming Acting Governor in the event of a permanent gubernatorial vacancy without giving up her or his seat in the state Senate. Chris Christie (Republican) is the Governor.
The governor's mansion is Drumthwacket, located in Princeton Township.
Before 2010, New Jersey was one of the few states without a lieutenant governor. Republican Kim Guadagno was elected the first Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey and took office on January 19, 2010. She was elected on the Republican ticket with Governor-Elect Chris Christie in the November 2009 NJ gubernatorial election. The position was created as the result of a Constitutional amendment to the New Jersey State Constitution passed by the voters on November 8, 2005 and effective as of January 17, 2006.
Legislative[link]
The current version of the New Jersey State Constitution was adopted in 1947. It provides for a bicameral New Jersey Legislature, consisting of an upper house Senate of 40 members and a lower house General Assembly of 80 members. Each of the 40 legislative districts elects one State Senator and two Assembly members. Assembly members are elected for a two-year term in all odd-numbered years; State Senators are elected in the years ending in 1, 3, and 7 and thus serve either four- or two-year terms.
New Jersey is one of only five states that elects its state officials in odd-numbered years. (The others are Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Virginia.) New Jersey holds elections for these offices every four years, in the year following each federal Presidential election year. Thus, the last year when New Jersey elected a Governor was 2009; the next gubernatorial election will occur in 2013, with future gubernatorial elections to take place in 2017, 2021, 2025, etc.
Judicial[link]
The New Jersey Supreme Court[74] consists of a Chief Justice and six Associate Justices. All are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of a majority of the membership of the State Senate. Justices serve an initial seven-year term, after which they can be reappointed to serve until age 70.
Most of the day-to-day work in the New Jersey courts is carried out in the Municipal Courts, where simple traffic tickets, minor criminal offenses, and small civil matters are heard.
More serious criminal and civil cases are handled by the Superior Court for each county. All Superior Court judges are appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of a majority of the membership of the State Senate. Each judge serves an initial seven-year term, after which he or she can be reappointed to serve until age 70.
New Jersey's judiciary is unusual in that it still has separate courts of law and equity, like its neighbor Delaware but unlike most other U.S. states. The New Jersey Superior Court is divided into Law and Chancery Divisions at the trial level.
The Superior Court also has an Appellate Division, which functions as the state's intermediate appellate court. Superior Court judges are assigned to the Appellate Division by the Chief Justice.
There is also a Tax Court, which is a court of limited jurisdiction. Tax Court judges hear appeals of tax decisions made by County Boards of Taxation. They also hear appeals on decisions made by the Director of the Division of Taxation on such matters as state income, sales and business taxes, and homestead rebates. Appeals from Tax Court decisions are heard in the Appellate Division of Superior Court. Tax Court judges are appointed by the Governor for initial terms of seven years, and upon reappointment are granted tenure until they reach the mandatory retirement age of 70. There are 12 Tax Court judgeships.
Counties[link]
Further information: List of New Jersey counties
New Jersey is divided into 21 counties; 13 date from the colonial era. New Jersey was completely divided into counties by 1692; the present counties were created by dividing the existing ones; most recently Union County in 1857. New Jersey is the only state in the nation where elected county officials are called "Freeholders," governing each county as part of its own Board of Chosen Freeholders. The number of freeholders in each county is determined by referendum, and must consist of three, five, seven or nine members.
Depending on the county, the executive and legislative functions may be performed by the Board of Chosen Freeholders or split into separate branches of government. In 16 counties, members of the Board of Chosen Freeholders perform both legislative and executive functions on a commission basis, with each Freeholder assigned responsibility for a department or group of departments. In the other 5 counties (Atlantic, Bergen, Essex, Hudson and Mercer), there is a directly elected County Executive who performs the executive functions while the Board of Chosen Freeholders retains a legislative and oversight role. In counties without an Executive, a County Administrator (or County Manager) may be hired to perform day-to-day administration of county functions.
Municipalities[link]
New Jersey has 566 municipalities; the number was 567 before Pahaquarry Township was absorbed by Hardwick Township in 1997. Unlike states in the west and south, all New Jersey land is part of a municipality. In 2008, Governor Jon Corzine proposed cutting state aid to all towns under 10,000 people, to encourage mergers to reduce administrative costs.[75] In May 2009, the Local Unit Alignment Reorganization and Consolidation Commission (LUARC) began a study of about 40 small communities in South Jersey to decide which ones might be good candidates for consolidation.[76]
Types of government[link]
When the types of government were devised in the 19th century, the intention was that cities would be large built-up areas, with progressively smaller boroughs, towns, and villages; the rural areas in between would be relatively large townships. This is still often true, although Shrewsbury Township has been divided over the years; today it is less than a square mile, consisting only of a single housing development. Some townships — notably Brick, Hamilton, Middletown, and Toms River — have, without changing their boundaries, become large stretches of suburbia, as populous as cities, often focused around shopping centers and highways rather than traditional downtowns and main streets.
Short Hills, Murray Hill, and many other locations in New Jersey are not municipalities but rather neighborhoods, with no exact boundaries. Often the cluster of houses, the traditional neighborhood, the postal district, and the Census designated place will differ.
Forms of government[link]
| New Jersey Municipal Government |
||||
| Traditional forms | ||||
| Borough | Township | |||
|
||||
| Modern Forms | ||||
| Walsh Act/Commission | ||||
| 1923 Municipal Manager | ||||
| Faulkner Act Forms | ||||
| Mayor-Council | Council-Manager | |||
| Small Municipality | ||||
| Mayor-Council-Administrator | ||||
| Nonstandard Forms | ||||
| Special Charter | ||||
| Changing Form of Municipal Government | ||||
| Charter Study Commission | ||||
The five types of municipality differ mostly in name. Originally, each type had its own form of government but more modern forms are available to any municipality, even though the original type is retained in its formal name. Only boroughs can (but are not required to) have the "borough form" of government.
Starting in the 20th century, largely driven by reform-minded goals, a series of six modern forms of government was implemented. This began with the Walsh Act, enacted in 1911 by the New Jersey Legislature, which provided for a 3- or 5-member commission elected on a non-partisan basis. This was followed by the 1923 Municipal Manager Law, which offered a non-partisan council, provided for a weak mayor elected by and from the members of the council, and introduced Council-Manager government with an (ideally apolitical) appointed manager responsible for day-to-day administration of municipal affairs.
The Faulkner Act, originally enacted in 1950 and substantially amended in 1981, offers four basic plans: Mayor-Council, Council-Manager, Small Municipality, and Mayor-Council-Administrator. The act provides many choices for communities with a preference for a strong executive and professional management of municipal affairs and offers great flexibility in allowing municipalities to select the characteristics of its government: the number of seats on the Council; seats selected at-large, by wards, or through a combination of both; staggered or concurrent terms of office; and a mayor chosen by the Council or elected directly by voters. Most large municipalities and a majority of New Jersey's residents are governed by municipalities with Faulkner Act charters. Municipalities can also formulate their own unique form of government and operate under a Special Charter with the approval of the New Jersey Legislature.
While municipalities retain their names derived from types of government, they may have changed to one of the modern forms of government, or further in the past to one of the other traditional forms, leading to municipalities with formal names quite baffling to the general public. For example, though there are four municipalities that are officially of the village type, Loch Arbour is the only one remaining with the village form of government. The other three villages—Ridgefield Park (now with a Walsh Act form), Ridgewood (now with a Faulkner Act Council-Manager charter) and South Orange (now operates under a Special Charter)—have all migrated to other non-village forms.
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of New Jersey
Social attitudes and issues[link]
Socially, New Jersey is considered one of the more liberal states in the nation. Polls indicate that 60% of the population are self-described as pro-choice, although a majority are opposed to late trimester and Partial Birth Abortion and public funding of Abortion.[77][78] In a 2009 Quinnipiac University poll, a plurality supported same-sex marriage 49% to 43% opposed.[79]
In April 2004, New Jersey enacted a domestic partnership law, which is available to both same-sex and opposite-sex couples aged 62 and over. During 2006, the New Jersey Supreme Court voted 4 to 3 that state lawmakers must provide the rights and benefits of marriage to gay and lesbian couples. Moreover, effective February 19, 2007, New Jersey became the third state in the U.S. (the other two being Connecticut and Vermont) to offer civil unions to same-sex couples, conferring over 850 rights, privileges and responsibilities of marriage; legislators declined, however, to use the term "marriage" for same-sex unions. Thus, three separate government-recognized relationships are now in effect in the Garden State: domestic partnerships, civil unions, and marriage.
See also: LGBT rights in New Jersey
New Jersey also has some of the most stringent gun-control laws in the U.S. These include bans on assault firearms, hollow-nose bullets and even slingshots. No gun offense in New Jersey is graded less than a felony. BB guns and black powder guns are all treated as modern firearms. New Jersey does not recognize out-of-state gun licenses and aggressively enforces its own gun laws.[80]
New Jersey has a severe city/urban litter reputational problem, as noted in the report, "New Jersey: America's Ugly Urban/City Litter (Trash) State." The state still has no statewide anti-litter slogan and its 1986 Clean Communities Act has been controversial in failing to help abate litter and debris on public streets, roadways and properties.
Elections[link]
Main article: Elections in New Jersey
| Year | Republicans | Democrats |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 41.61% 1,613,207 | 57.14% 2,215,422 |
| 2004 | 46.24% 1,670,003 | 52.92% 1,911,430 |
| 2000 | 40.29% 1,284,173 | 56.13% 1,788,850 |
| 1996 | 35.86% 1,103,078 | 53.72% 1,652,329 |
| 1992 | 40.58% 1,356,865 | 42.95% 1,436,206 |
| 1988 | 56.24% 1,743,192 | 42.60% 1,320,352 |
| 1984 | 60.09% 1,933,630 | 39.20% 1,261,323 |
| 1980 | 51.97% 1,546,557 | 38.56% 1,147,364 |
| 1976 | 50.08% 1,509,688 | 47.92% 1,444,653 |
| 1972 | 61.57% 1,845,502 | 36.77% 1,102,211 |
| 1968 | 46.10% 1,325,467 | 43.97% 1,264,206 |
| 1964 | 33.86% 963,843 | 65.61% 1,867,671 |
| 1960 | 49.16% 1,363,324 | 49.96% 1,385,415 |
In past federal elections, New Jersey was a Republican bastion, but recently has become a Democratic stronghold. Currently, New Jersey Democrats have majority control of both houses of the New Jersey Legislature (Senate, 22–18, and Assembly, 48–32), both U.S. Senate seats, and 8 out of the state's 13 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives. The state had a Republican governor from 1994 to 2002, as Christie Todd Whitman won twice with vote percentages of 47 and 49 percent.
In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie defeated incumbent Democrat Jon Corzine. Because each candidate for lieutenant governor runs on the same ticket as the party's candidate for governor, the current Governor and Lieutenant Governor are members of the Republican Party. The governor's appointments to cabinet and non-cabinet positions may be from either party. (The 2009 Attorney General appointee is a Democrat.)
In federal elections, the state leans heavily towards the Democratic Party. For many years, however, it was a Republican stronghold, having given comfortable margins of victory to the Republican candidate in the close elections of 1948, 1968, and 1976. New Jersey was a crucial swing state in the elections of 1960, 1968, and 1992. The last elected Republican to hold a Senate seat from New Jersey was Clifford P. Case in 1979. (Nicholas F. Brady was appointed a U.S. Senator by Governor Thomas Kean in 1982 and served for eight months, after Harrison A. Williams resigned the Senate seat following the Abscam investigations.)
The state's Democratic strongholds include Camden County, Essex County (including Newark, the state's largest city), Hudson County (including Jersey City, the state's second-largest city); Mercer County (especially around Trenton and Princeton), Middlesex County, and Union County (including Elizabeth, the state's fourth-largest city).
The suburban northwestern and southeastern counties of the state are reliably Republican: Republicans have support along the coast in Ocean County and in the mountainous northwestern part of the state, especially Morris County, Sussex County, and Warren County. Other suburban counties, especially Bergen County and Burlington County had the majority of votes go to the Democratic Party. In the 2008 election, President Barack Obama won New Jersey with approximately fifty-seven percent of the vote, compared to McCain's forty-one percent. Independent candidate Ralph Nader garnered less than one percent of the vote.
About one-third of the state's counties are considered "swing" counties, but some go more one way than others. For example, Salem County, the same is true with Passaic County, with a highly populated Hispanic Democratic south (including Paterson, the state's third-largest city) and a rural, Republican north. Other "swing" counties like Monmouth County, Somerset County, and Cape May County tend to go Republican, as they also have population in conservative areas.
To be eligible to vote in a U.S. election, all New Jerseyans are required to start their residency in the state 30 days prior to an election and register 29 days prior.
Capital punishment[link]
On December 17, 2007, Governor Jon Corzine signed into law a bill that would eliminate the death penalty in New Jersey. New Jersey is the first state to pass such legislation since Iowa and West Virginia eliminated executions in 1965.[82] Corzine also signed a bill that would downgrade the Death Row prisoners' sentences from "Death" to "Life in Prison with No Parole."[83]
Prominent cities and towns[link]
See also: List of municipalities in New Jersey
File:MilitaryPark.JPG
Downtown Newark
Large cities (100,000 or greater)[link]
For its overall population and nation-leading population density, New Jersey has a relative paucity of classic large cities. As of the United States 2010 Census[update], only four municipalities had populations in excess of 100,000, but Edison and Woodbridge came very close.
- Newark, Essex County: 277,140
- Jersey City, Hudson County: 247,597
- Paterson, Passaic County: 146,199
- Elizabeth, Union County: 124,969
- Edison, Middlesex County: 99,967
- Woodbridge Township, Middlesex County: 99,585
Towns and small cities (60,000 to 100,000)[link]
See also: Town #United States
- Lakewood Township (Ocean County): 92,843
- Toms River Township (Ocean County): 91,239
- Hamilton Township (Mercer County): 88,464
- Trenton (Mercer County): 84,913
- Clifton (Passaic County): 84,136
- Camden (Camden County): 77,344
- Brick Township (Ocean County): 75,072
- Cherry Hill Township (Camden County): 71,045
- Passaic (Passaic County): 69,781
- Middletown Township (Monmouth County): 66,522
- Union City (Hudson County): 66,455
- Old Bridge Township (Middlesex County): 65,375
- Gloucester Township (Camden County): 64,634
- East Orange (Essex County): 64,270
- Bayonne (Hudson County): 63,024
Wealth of municipalities[link]
Main article: New Jersey locations by per capita income
Points of interest[link]
Museums[link]
See also: List of museums in New Jersey
New Jersey has many museums of all kinds. A few major museums in the state are listed.
| Museum | Location | Year Opened | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey State Museum | Trenton | 1895 | General Education |
| Liberty Science Center | Liberty State Park, Jersey City | 1993 | Science museum |
| Maywood Station Museum | Maywood | 2004 | Railroad museum |
| Montclair Art Museum | Montclair | 1914 | Art museum |
| Newark Museum | Newark | 1909 | Natural Science & Art museum |
| Thomas Edison Museum | Menlo Park | 1938 | Thomas Edison museum |
Entertainment and concert venues[link]
Due to the major highways and cities located in and around the state, many residents and visitors take advantage of and contribute to performances in music, theater, and dance. There are many theater and dance companies throughout the region. Major events and performance venues include:
| Venue | Type | Location | Year Opened |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prudential Center | Arena | Newark | 2007 |
| Izod Center | Arena | Meadowlands Sports Complex | 1981 |
| PNC Bank Arts Center | Amphitheater | Holmdel | 1977 |
| NJPAC | Concert Hall | Newark | 1997 |
| Paper Mill Playhouse | Regional Theater | Millburn | 1968 |
| State Theater | Regional Theater | New Brunswick | 1921 |
| Boardwalk Hall | Arena | Atlantic City | 1926 |
| Susquehanna Bank Center | Amphitheater | Camden | 1995 |
| Sun National Bank Center | Arena | Trenton | 1999 |
Theme parks[link]
New Jersey has a number of amusement parks, including the world's largest seasonal theme park,[citation needed] to the biggest drive-thru safari outside of Africa,[citation needed] and an amusement and water park spread across three piers above the beach.[citation needed]
| Main Park | Other Parks | Location | Year Opened |
|---|---|---|---|
| Six Flags Great Adventure | Six Flags Wild Safari, Six Flags Hurricane Harbor | Jackson | 1974 |
| Clementon Amusement Park | Splash World | Clementon | 1907 |
| Land of Make Believe | Pirate's Cove | Hope | 1958 |
| Morey's Piers | None | Wildwood | 1969 |
| Mountain Creek Waterpark | None | Vernon | 1998 |
Jersey Shore[link]
Main article: Jersey Shore
File:Belmar-panorama.jpg
Belmar, on the Jersey Shore.
Sports[link]
Professional sports[link]
New Jersey currently has four teams from major professional sports leagues playing in the state, although the Major League Soccer team and two National Football League teams identify themselves as being from New York City. A fifth team, the Women's National Basketball Association's Liberty, are temporarily playing in Newark until renovations for Madison Square Garden are completed in 2013.
The National Hockey League's New Jersey Devils, based in Newark at the Prudential Center, is the only major league franchise to bear the state's name, However, most of the Devils fans are in the Northern part of the state; the southern part of the state, is an overwhelming fan base for the Philadelphia Flyers, due to the region's close proximity to Philadelphia, leading to an intense rivalry between the two teams.
The Metropolitan Area's two National Football League teams, the New York Giants and the New York Jets, both play in East Rutherford, at MetLife Stadium.[84] At completion, with a construction cost of approximately $1.6 billion,[85] the venue is the most expensive sports stadium ever built.[86] On February 2, 2014, MetLife Stadium is scheduled to host Super Bowl XLVIII.
The New York Red Bulls of Major League Soccer play in Red Bull Arena, a soccer-specific stadium located in Harrison outside of Downtown Newark.
The sports complex is also home to the Meadowlands Racetrack, one of three major harness racing tracks in the state. The Meadowlands Racetrack along with Freehold Raceway in Freehold are two of the major harness racing tracks in North America. Monmouth Park Racetrack in Oceanport is also a popular spot for thoroughbred racing in New Jersey and the northeast. It hosted the Breeders' Cup in 2007, and its turf course was renovated in preparation.
Collegiate sports teams[link]
New Jerseyans' collegiate allegiances are predominately split among the three major NCAA Division I programs in the state — the Rutgers University (New Jersey's largest state university) Scarlet Knights, the Seton Hall University (which is the state's largest Roman Catholic university) Pirates, and the Princeton University (the state's Ivy League university) Tigers. Both Rutgers and Seton Hall compete in the Big East Conference, and the rivalry between the two teams has always been an intense one. Rutgers and Princeton likewise have an intense rivalry—stemming from the first intercollegiate football game in 1869—though the two schools have not met on the football field since 1980. They continue to play each other annually in all other sports offered by the two universities.
Rutgers, which fields 24 teams in various sports, is nationally known for its excellent football and women's basketball programs. The university is planning a large expansion to the on-campus Rutgers Stadium—to accommodate the rising number of fans—and the teams play in Piscataway, which is adjacent to the New Brunswick campus. The university also fields rising basketball and baseball programs. Rutgers' fan base is mostly derived from the western parts of the state and Middlesex County, not to mention its alumni base, which is the largest in the state.
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, also has campuses in Camden and Newark (in addition to its main campus in New Brunswick). The Rutgers-Camden athletic teams are called the Scarlet Raptors. The Rutgers-Newark athletic teams are called the Scarlet Raiders. The Scarlet Raiders and the Scarlet Raptors both compete within NCAA Division III.
Seton Hall, unlike Rutgers, does not field a football team. Its basketball team, however, has been one of the most storied programs in the Big East, and it plays its home games at the state-of-the-art Prudential Center, located in downtown Newark. The Pirates, while lacking as large an alumni base as the state university, have a large well of support in the predominately Roman Catholic areas of the northern part of the state and the Jersey Shore.
The state's other Division I schools include the Monmouth University Hawks (West Long Branch), the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) Highlanders (Newark), the Rider University Broncs (Lawrenceville), and the Saint Peter's College Peacocks and Peahens (Jersey City).
Fairleigh Dickinson University competes in both Division I and Division III. It has two campuses, each with its own sports teams. The teams at the Metropolitan Campus are known as the FDU Knights, and compete in the Northeast Conference and NCAA Division I. The College at Florham (FDU-Florham) teams are known as the FDU-Florham Devils and compete in the Middle Atlantic Conferences' Freedom Conference and NCAA Division III.
Among the various Division III schools in the state, the Stevens Institute of Technology Ducks have fielded the longest continuously running collegiate men's lacrosse program in the country. 2009 marked the 125th season.
High-school sports[link]
- See footnote[87]
Gambling[link]
Main article: Gambling in New Jersey
In 1978, the New Jersey legislature approved casino gambling in Atlantic City. At that time, Las Vegas was the only mega-casino resort.[88] By 1978, Atlantic City was in decline. It was no longer the seaside resort that it once was. With the institution of casino gambling, Atlantic City has come back as a resort city. There are numerous famous casinos, with its main contributor being Donald Trump. Many lie along the Atlantic City Boardwalk, the longest boardwalk in the world.
Media[link]
Newspapers[link]
There are many major New Jersey newspapers, including:
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On-line news[link]
Since 2005 there have been a growing number of "hyperlocal news sites."[92][93] These sites provide relevant news for their respective communities.[94]
Radio stations[link]
Television and film[link]
Main article: Television and film of New Jersey
Motion picture technology was developed by Thomas Edison, with much of his early work done at his West Orange laboratory. Edison's Black Maria was the first motion picture studio. America's first motion picture industry started in 1907 in Fort Lee and the first studio was constructed there in 1909.[95] DuMont Laboratories in Passaic, developed early sets and made the first broadcast to the private home.
A number of television shows and films have been filmed in New Jersey. Since 1978, the state has maintained a Motion Picture and Television Commission to encourage filming in-state.[96] New Jersey has long offered tax credits to television producers. Governor Christopher Christie suspended the credits in 2010, but the New Jersey State Legislature in 2011 approved the restoration and expansion of the tax credit program. Under bills passed by both the state Senate and Assembly, the program offers 20 percent tax credits (22% in urban enterprise zones) to television and film productions that shoot in the state and meet set standards for hiring and local spending.[97][98]
Music[link]
Main article: Music of New Jersey
New Jersey has long been an important area for both rock and rap music. Some prominent musicians from or with significant connections to New Jersey are:
- Singer Frank Sinatra was born in Hoboken. He sang with a neighborhood vocal group, the Hoboken Four, and appeared in neighborhood theater amateur shows before he became an entertainment legend as an Academy Award winning actor and one of the most famous male vocalists of all time.
- Bruce Springsteen, who has sung of New Jersey life on most of his albums, hails from Freehold and is the most popular rock musician to ever come out of the state. Some of his songs that represent New Jersey life are "Born to Run", "Spirit In The Night," "Rosalita (Come Out Tonight)", "Thunder Road", "Atlantic City", and "Jungleland".
- The Jonas Brothers all reside in Wyckoff, New Jersey, where the eldest brother of the group, Kevin Jonas was born, as well as the youngest Jonas, Frankie.
- Irvington's Queen Latifah was the first female rapper to succeed in music, film, and television.
- Lauryn Hill is from South Orange, New Jersey. Her 1998 debut solo album, The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill, sold 10 million copies internationally. She also sold millions with The Fugees second album The Score.
- Redman (Reggie Noble) was born, raised, and resides in Newark. He is the most successful African-American solo hip-hop artist out of New Jersey.
- All members of The Sugarhill Gang were born in Englewood.
- Roc-A-Fella Records rap producer Just Blaze hails from Paterson, New Jersey.
- Jon Bon Jovi, who hails from Sayreville, reached fame in the 1980s with hard rock outfit Bon Jovi. The band has also written many songs about life in New Jersey including "Livin' On A Prayer" and even named one of his albums after the state. (see New Jersey)
- Singer Dionne Warwick was born in East Orange.
- Singer Whitney Houston (who is Dionne Warwick's cousin) was born in Newark, and grew up in neighboring East Orange.
- Legendary jazz pianist and bandleader Count Basie was born in Red Bank in 1904. In the 1960s, he collaborated on several albums with fellow New Jersey native Frank Sinatra. The Count Basie Theatre in Red Bank is named in his honor.
- Parliament-Funkadelic, the pioneering funk music collective, was formed in Plainfield by George Clinton.
- Asbury Park is home of The Stone Pony, which Bruce Springsteen and Bon Jovi frequented early in their careers and is still considered by many to be a "Mecca" for up-and-coming Jersey Shore musicians.
- Hip-hop pioneers Naughty By Nature hail from East Orange.
- In 1964, the Isley Brothers founded the record label T-Neck Records, named after Teaneck, their home at the time.
- The Broadway musical "Jersey Boys" is based on the lives of the members of the Four Seasons, three of whose members were born in New Jersey (Tommy DeVito, Frankie Valli, and Nick Massi)
- Jazz pianist Bill Evans was born in Plainfield in 1929.
- Rock band Thursday was formed in New Brunswick, NJ. Numerous songs reference the city.
- Horror punk band The Misfits hail from Lodi, as well as their founder Glenn Danzig.
- Punk rock poet Patti Smith is from Mantua.
- Acclaimed indie rock veterans Yo La Tengo are based in Hoboken. They also have a song called "The Night Falls on Hoboken".
- New Jersey was the East Coast hub for ska music in the 90s. Some of the most popular ska bands, such as Catch 22 and Streetlight Manifesto, come from East Brunswick.
- Black Label Society's and Ozzy Osbourne's famed guitarist Zakk Wylde was born in Bayonne and raised in Jackson
- The Bouncing Souls original four members grew up in Basking Ridge and formed in New Brunswick in the late 1980s.
- My Chemical Romance's Frank Iero, Gerard Way, Mikey Way, and Ray Toro all hail from Belleville, New Jersey.
- Cobra Starship frontman Gabe Saporta is from New Jersey
Video games[link]
- Grand Theft Auto 1 (1997), takes place in New Jersey, called New Guernsey.
- Grand Theft Auto IV (2008), The Lost and Damned (2009) and The Ballad of Gay Tony, which take place in New Jersey, especially in Hudson County, Bergen County, Essex County, and Union County, New Jersey. Jersey City is called Alderney City.
Culture[link]
General[link]
Like every state, New Jersey has its own cuisine, religious communities, museums, and halls of fame.
New Jersey is the birthplace of modern inventions such as: FM radio, the motion picture camera, the lithium battery, the light bulb, transistors, and the electric train. Other New Jersey creations include: the drive-in movie, the cultivated blueberry, cranberry sauce, the postcard, the boardwalk, the zipper, the phonograph, saltwater taffy, the dirigible, the seedless watermelon,[99] the first use of a submarine in warfare, and the ice cream cone.
There are mineral museums in Franklin and Ogdensburg.
Diners are common in New Jersey. The state is home to many diner manufacturers and has more diners than any other state: over 600. There are more diners in the state of New Jersey than any other place in the world.[100]
New Jersey is the only state without a state song. "I'm From New Jersey" is incorrectly listed on many websites as being the New Jersey State Song, but wasn't even a contender when in 1996 the New Jersey Arts Council submitted their suggestions to the New Jersey Legislature.[101]
Legends and ghosts[link]
A long-circulated legend says a creature, the Jersey Devil or the Leeds Devil, terrorizes the population of the Pine Barrens. The New Jersey Devils are named for this mythical creature. New Jersey is also home to several other legends, such as the ghost of Annie's Road — a section of Riverview Drive between Totowa Road and Union Boulevard in Totowa, which is said to be haunted by a "Lady in White";[102] and the haunted and demon-possessed Clinton Road in West Milford. Cooper Road in Middletown is said to be haunted by strange, ghostly people who jump out from behind trees at cars traveling down the unpaved portion of the road. The unpaved section has no street lights and thus is very dangerous as it has sharp turns where the ghostly people are said to jump in front of the cars from behind trees, causing them to crash. There is also the Atco Ghost — the ghost of a little boy who runs across the street late at night in Atco. It is also rumored that Jimmy Hoffa, the late leader of the Teamsters Union, is buried beneath Giants Stadium or the New Jersey Turnpike. However, on the popular television show MythBusters, the myth of Jimmy Hoffa being buried under Giants Stadium was debunked using ground penetrating radar.
The magazine Weird NJ (the creators of which later started Weird U.S.) was started to catalog and explore the ghosts, legends, and prevalence of otherwise "weird" things in the state.
State symbols[link]
Main article: List of New Jersey state symbols
| State animal | Horse (Equus caballus) |
| State bird | American Goldfinch (Carduelis tristis) |
| State freshwater fish | Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) |
| State dance | Square dance |
| State insect | European honey bee (Apis mellifera) |
| State flower | Common meadow violet (Viola sororia) |
| State motto | "Liberty and Prosperity" |
| State song | None[103] |
| State tree | Northern Red Oak (Quercus borealis maxima) (syn. Quercus rubra) |
| State dinosaur | Hadrosaurus foulkii |
| State soil | Downer |
| State color | Buff and Jersey Blue |
| State ship | A. J. Meerwald |
| State fruit | Northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) |
| State vegetable | Jersey tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) |
| State shell | Knobbed whelk (Busycon carica gmelin) |
| State memorial tree | Dogwood (Cornus Florida) |
| State slogan | Come See For Yourself |
Notable people[link]
Further information: List of people from New Jersey
See also[link]
 |
Book: United States |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Outline of history
- Outline of geography
- List of National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
- List of people from New Jersey
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- ^ Jessica Durkin. "Meet the New Jersey Hyperlocal News Association". Block by Block Practioners' Blog. http://mybxb.com/meet-the-new-jersey-hyperlocal-news-associati. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
- ^ Tammy La Gorce (October 13, 2009). "Dateline: Maplewood". NJ Monthly. http://njmonthly.com/articles/lifestyle/dateline-maplewood.html. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
- ^ "Fort Lee Film Commission | Fort Lee, NJ". Fortleefilm.org. http://www.fortleefilm.org/. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ^ "NJ Motion Picture & Television Commission". Njfilm.org. http://www.njfilm.org/. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ^ Wright, E. Assata (February 20, 2011). "Getting the film crews back to NJ Gov. to decide future of tax credit that benefited Hudson County". Hudson Reporter. http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/11505447/article-Getting-the-film-crews-back-to-NJ-Gov--to-decide-future-of-tax-credit-that-benefited-Hudson-County-?. Retrieved February 21, 2011.
- ^ Ross, Micheal (August 7, 1988). "State Seeks Bigger Role In Making Of Movies". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE7DA133FF934A3575BC0A96E948260&scp=27&sq=sixth%20borough&st=cse. Retrieved February 21, 2011.
- ^ "New Jersey Inventors Hall of Fame". Njinvent.njit.edu. Archived from the original on April 23, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080423223438/http://www.njinvent.njit.edu/1992/pioneer_inductees_1992/andrews.html. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "New Jersey Facts and Trivia". 50states.com. http://www.50states.com/facts/newjerse.htm. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ "The History of the New Jersey State Song?". Aboutnewjersey.com. http://www.aboutnewjersey.com/editorials/stateSong_3_15_04.php. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
- ^ Moran, Mark; Sceurman, Mark (2009). Weird N.J.: Your Travel Guide to New Jersey's Local Legends and Best Kept Secrets. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.. pp. 216–217. ISBN 978-1-4027-6685-5.
- ^ "State of New Jersey – FAQs". State.nj.us. November 20, 2008. http://www.state.nj.us/faqs/facts.html. Retrieved July 25, 2010.
External links[link]
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- State Government
- Official New Jersey state web site
- New Jersey State Databases – Annotated list of searchable databases produced by New Jersey state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.
- Descriptions of NJ forms of government (e.g., township, borough, etc.) from NJ State League of Municipalities
- U.S. Government
- Energy Data & Statistics for New Jersey
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of New Jersey
- US Census Bureau
- New Jersey State Facts
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- New Jersey at the Open Directory Project
- The New Jersey Digital Highway, the statewide cultural heritage portal to digital collections from the state's archives, libraries and museums
- Abandoned and Historic Mines of New Jersey
- New Jersey travel guide from Wikitravel
Geographic data related to New Jersey at OpenStreetMap
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 New York |
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 New Jersey: Outline • Index East |
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Delaware Bay |
| Preceded by Pennsylvania |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Ratified Constitution on December 18, 1787 (3rd) |
Succeeded by Georgia |
Coordinates: 40°00′N 74°30′W / 40°N 74.5°W / 40; -74.5lez:Нью-Джерси
http://wn.com/New_Jersey
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Jersey (disambiguation).
"GBJ" redirects here. For other uses, see GBJ (disambiguation).
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Bailiwick of Jersey
Bailliage de Jersey |
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| Anthem: "God Save the Queen" (official) "Island Home" by Gerard Le Feuvre (official for occasions when distinguishing anthem required) |
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 Location of Jersey (Dark Green)
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| Capital (and largest city) |
Saint Helier 49°11.401′N 2°06.600′W / 49.190017°N 2.11°W / 49.190017; -2.11 |
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| Official language(s) | English, French | |||||
| Recognised regional languages | Jèrriais[1] | |||||
| Ethnic groups (2011) | 50% Jersey, 31% Other Britons, 7% Portuguese, 3% Polish, 2% Irish, 0.88% French[2] | |||||
| Government | Parliamentary system, Constitutional monarchy and Crown dependency | |||||
| - | Duke | Elizabeth II, Duke of Normandy | ||||
| - | Lieutenant Governor | John McColl | ||||
| - | Bailiff | Michael Birt | ||||
| - | Chief Minister | Ian Gorst | ||||
| Status | British Crown dependency | |||||
| - | Separation from mainland Normandy | 1204 |
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| - | Liberation from German occupation | 9 May 1945 |
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| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 119.49 km2 (227th) 46.13 sq mi |
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| - | Water (%) | 0 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2011 estimate | 97,857[3] (199th) | ||||
| - | Density | 819/km2 (14th²) 2,121/sq mi |
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| GDP (PPP) | 2003 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $13.6 billion (167th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | £40,067 (6th) | ||||
| HDI (n/a) | n/a (very high) (n/a) | |||||
| Currency | Pound sterling (GBP) |
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| Time zone | GMT4 | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | (UTC+1) | ||||
| Drives on the | left | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | JE | |||||
| Internet TLD | .je | |||||
| Calling code | +44 specifically +44-1534 (landline) +44-7797 (Jersey Telecom mobile) +44-7700 (Sure mobile) +44-7829 (Airtel-Vodafone mobile) |
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| Patron saint | St. Helier | |||||
| 1 | Jersey’s Resident Population 2007 | |||||
| 2 | Rank based on population density of Channel Islands including Guernsey. | |||||
| 3 | The States of Jersey issue their own sterling notes and coins (see Jersey pound). | |||||
| 4 | In a referendum on 16 October 2008, voters rejected a proposal to adopt Central European Time, by 72.4%.[4] | |||||
Jersey, officially the Bailiwick of Jersey, French: Bailliage de Jersey (
/ˈdʒɜrzi/, French: [ʒɛʁzɛ]; Jèrriais: Jèrri), is a British Crown Dependency[5] off the coast of Normandy, France.[6] As well as the island of Jersey itself, the bailiwick includes two groups of small islands that are no longer permanently inhabited, the Minquiers and Écréhous, and the Pierres de Lecq[7] and other rocks and reefs.
Jersey is a self-governing parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy, with its own financial, legal and judicial systems.[8]
The island of Jersey is the largest of the Channel Islands. Although the Bailiwicks of Jersey and Guernsey are often referred to collectively as 'the Channel Islands', they are not a constitutional or political unit. Jersey has a separate relationship to the British Crown from the other Crown Dependencies of Guernsey and the Isle of Man.[9] It is not part of the United Kingdom,[10] and has an international identity separate from that of the UK[11] but the United Kingdom is constitutionally responsible for the defence of Jersey.[12] Jersey is not a part of the European Union but has a special relationship with it, being treated as part of the European Community for the purposes of free trade in goods.[13]
Contents |
Toponymy[link]
Historic mentions[link]
- Andium (?) 4e C.[14]
- insula Gersoi 1022/1026.[15]
- insula Gerseii, var. Gersey, Gersei, Gersoii 1042.[16]
- Gersus ~1070.[17]
- insula de Gerzoi 1080/~1082.[18]
- insula de Gersoi 1066/1083.[19]
- insula Gersoi 1066/1083.[20]
- l'isle de Gersui 1160/1174.[21]
- in Gersoio 1223/1236.[22]
- Gersuy 1339.[23]
- Gersui 1339.[24]
- insula de Jersey 1372.[25]
- insula de Jereseye 1372.[26]
- insula de Gersey 1386.[27]
- insula […] de Jersey 1419.[28]
- Iarsay [read Jarsay] 1585.[29]
- Jarsey 1693.[30]
- Jerzey 1753.[31]
- Isle de Gersey 1753/1785.[32]
- Jerry 1829.[33]
- Ile de Jersey 1854.[34]
Etymology[link]
The Channel Islands are mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary as following : Sarnia, Caesarea, Barsa, Silia and Andium, but Jersey cannot be identified specifically because none correspond directly to the present names.[35] Furthermore, later records evoke Angia (also spelled Agna ).[36]
Andium is a Latinized version of the Gaulish (Celtic) *Andion, with and- the Gaulish intensive prefix meaning "very", "much", "big". Andium roughly translates as "big Island", Jersey being the largest of the Channel Islands. The spelling Angia could be an ultimate development of *Andia.
Some others identify it as Caesarea, a late recorded Roman name influenced by the Old English suffix -ey for "island";[37][38] this is plausible if, in the regional pronunciation of Latin, Caesarea was not [kaisarea] but [tʃeːsarea]. Another theory is that the variation of the "J" sound today could be connected with phonetical cousins "g" and "k" (International Phonetic Alphabet) through variable pronunciations based on similar spelling. Theoretically, if Caesarea was originally pronounced with a "k", that may have naturally developed into a "g" sound for locals (or foreigners), making Gersei, Gersoi, or the other spellings relatable. Because "g" is pronounced as both a hard glutteral "g" as in "go" or a soft "j" as in "gym" or "gem", the spelling of Jersey could be a result of the variance in its pronunciation.
Angia could be a misspelling for *Augia, that is the Latinized form of Germanic *aujō (> Old English ī(e)ġ > is-land).[39]), that could have extended before the Viking Age along the coast of France, as for île d'Yeu (Augia, Insula Oya) or Oye-Plage (Ogia 7th C.) and constitutes the suffix -ey in Jersey, Guernsey (Greneroi), Alderney (Alneroi) and Chausey (Calsoi).[40] Chausey can be compared with Cholsey (GB, Berkshire, Ċeolesiġ 891), interpreted by Eilert Ekwall[41] as "Ċeola 's island".
These -ey names could have been reinforced by the Viking heritage, because -ey is similar, so that it is possible to interpret the first part of the toponym as an Old Norse element. The source of it is unclear. Scholars surmise it derives from jarð (Old Norse for "earth") or jarl (earl), or perhaps a personal name, Geirr ("Geirr's Island").[42]
History[link]
Main article: History of Jersey
Jersey history is influenced by its strategic location between the northern coast of France and the southern coast of England; the island's recorded history extends over a thousand years.
Evidence of Bronze Age and early Iron Age settlements can be found in many locations around the island. Archaeological evidence of Roman influence has been found, in particular the coastal headland site at Le Pinacle, Les Landes, where remains of a primitive structure are attributed to Gallo-roman temple worship (fanum).[43] Evidence for settled Roman occupation has yet to be established[dubious – discuss].
Jersey was part of Neustria with the same Gallo-Frankish population as the continental mainland. Jersey, the whole Channel Islands and the Cotentin peninsula (probably with the Avranchin) came formerly under the control of the duke of Brittany during the Viking invasions, because the king of the Franks was unable to defend them, however they remained in the archbishopric of Rouen. Jersey was invaded by Vikings in the ninth century, and was eventually annexed to the future Duchy of Normandy, together with the other Channel Islands, Cotentin and Avranchin, by William Longsword, count of Rouen in 933 and it became one of the Norman Islands. When William's descendant, William the Conqueror, conquered England in 1066, the Duchy of Normandy and the kingdom of England were governed under one monarch.[44] The Dukes of Normandy owned considerable estates in the island, and Norman families living on their estates established many of the historical Norman-French Jersey family names. King John lost all his territories in mainland Normandy in 1204 to King Philip II Augustus, but retained possession of Jersey and the other Channel Islands. The islands have been internally self-governing since then.[45]
Islanders travelled across the North Atlantic to participate in the Newfoundland fisheries in the late 16th century.[46] In recognition for help given to him during his exile in Jersey in the 1640s, Charles II gave George Carteret, bailiff and governor, a large grant of land in the American colonies in between the Hudson and Delaware rivers which he promptly named New Jersey. It is now a state in the United States of America.[47][48]
On 6 January 1781, a French invasion force of 2,000 men (of whom half didn't arrive) landed to take over the island. The battle by 9,000 men to defend the Island, although touch-and-go, and decisive, only lasted about half an hour. There were about thirty casualties on each side, and 600 French prisoners were taken. Both commanders were slain.[49]
Trade laid the foundations of prosperity, aided by neutrality between England and France.[50] The Jersey way of life involved agriculture, milling, fishing, shipbuilding, and production of woollen goods. 19th century improvements in transport links brought tourism to the island.
During World War II, Jersey was occupied by Nazi Germany from 1 July 1940 until 9 May 1945, when Germany surrendered.[51] During this time the Germans constructed many fortifications using Russian slave labour. After 1944 supplies from mainland France were interrupted by the D-Day landings and food on the island became scarce. The SS Vega was sent to the island carrying Red Cross supplies and news of the success of the Allied advance in Europe. The Channel Islands were one of the last places in Europe to be liberated.
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of Jersey
Jersey's unicameral legislature is the Assembly of the States of Jersey. It includes fifty-one elected members: ten senators (elected on an island-wide basis), twelve Connétables (often called 'constables', heads of parishes) and twenty-nine deputies (representing constituencies), all elected for four year terms as from the October 2011 elections.[52] There are also five non-voting members appointed by the Crown: the Bailiff, the Lieutenant Governor of Jersey, the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General and Solicitor General.[53]
The government is a Council of Ministers, consisting of a Chief Minister and nine ministers.[54] Each minister may appoint up to two assistant ministers.[55] A Chief Executive is head of the civil service.[56] Some government functions are carried out in the island's twelve parishes.
The Bailiff is President (presiding officer) of the States Assembly,[57] head of the judiciary and as civic head of the island carries out various ceremonial roles.
As one of the Crown Dependencies, Jersey is autonomous and self-governing, with its own independent legal, administrative and fiscal systems.[58] In 1973, the Royal Commission on the Constitution set out the duties of the Crown as including: ultimate responsibility for the 'good government' of the Crown Dependencies; ratification of island legislation by Order in Council (Royal Assent); international representation, subject to consultation with the island authorities before concluding any agreement which would apply to them; ensuring the islands meet their international obligations; and defence.[59]
Elizabeth II's traditional title as Head of State is Duke of Normandy.[60] "The Crown" is defined by the Law Officers of the Crown as the "Crown in right of Jersey".[61] The Queen's representative and adviser in the island is the Lieutenant Governor of Jersey. He is a point of contact between Jersey ministers and the United Kingdom government and carries out executive functions in relation to immigration control, deportation, naturalisation and the issue of passports.[62] Since September 2011, the incumbent Lieutenant Governor has been General Sir John McColl.
Legal system[link]
Main article: Law of Jersey
Jersey is a distinct jurisdiction for the purposes of conflict of laws, separate from the other Channel Islands, England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.[63]
Jersey law has been influenced by several different legal traditions, in particular Norman customary law, English common law and modern French civil law.[64] Jersey's legal system is therefore described as 'mixed' or 'pluralistic', and sources of law are in French and English languages, although since the 1950s the main working language of the legal system is English.
The principal court is the Royal Court, with appeals to the Jersey Court of Appeal and, ultimately, to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The Bailiff is head of the judiciary; the Bailiff and the Deputy Bailiff are appointed by the Crown. Other members of the island's judiciary are appointed by the Bailiff.
Parishes[link]
Main article: Parishes of Jersey
Administratively, Jersey is divided into twelve parishes. All border on the sea. They were named after the Christian saints to whom their ancient parish churches were dedicated:
- Grouville (historically Saint Martin de Grouville; incorporating Les Minquiers)
- Saint Brélade
- Saint Clément
- Saint Helier
- Saint John
- Saint Lawrence
- Saint Martin (historically Saint Martin le Vieux; incorporating Les Écréhous)
- Saint Mary
- Saint Ouen
- Saint Peter
- Saint Saviour
- Trinity
The parishes of Jersey are further divided into vingtaines (or, in St. Ouen, cueillettes), divisions that are historic. Today they are used chiefly for purposes of local administration and electoral constituency.
The Connétable is the head of each parish, elected at a public election for a four-year term to run the parish and to represent the municipality in the Assembly of the States of Jersey. The Procureur du Bien Public (two in each parish) is the legal and financial representative of the parish (elected at a public election since 2003 in accordance with the Public Elections (Amendment) (Jersey) Law 2003; formerly an Assembly of Electors of each parish elected the Procureurs in accordance with the Loi (1804) au sujet des assemblées paroissiales). A Procureur du Bien Public is elected for three years as a public trustee for the funds and property of the parish and may contract when authorised by a Parish Assembly. The Parish Assembly is the decision-making body of local government in each parish; it consists of all entitled voters of the parish.
Each parish elects its own force of Honorary Police consisting of Centeniers, Vingteniers and Constable's Officers. Centeniers are elected at a public election within each parish for a term of three years to undertake policing within the parish. The Centenier is the only officer authorised to charge and bail offenders. Formerly, the senior Centenier of each parish (entitled the Chef de Police) deputised for the Connétable in the States of Jersey when the Connétable was unable to attend a sitting of the States. This function has now been abolished.
International relations[link]
Although diplomatic representation is reserved to the Crown, Jersey has been developing its own international identity over recent years. It negotiates directly with foreign governments on matters within the competence of the States of Jersey. Jersey maintains the Bureau de Jersey in Caen, France, a permanent non-diplomatic representation, with a branch office in Rennes. A similar office, the Maison de Normandie in St. Helier, represents the Conseil général of Manche and the Conseil régional of Basse-Normandie. It hosts the Consulate of France.
Jersey is a member of the British-Irish Council, the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association and the Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie. Jersey wants to become a full member of the Commonwealth in its own right.[65]
International identity[link]
In 2007, the Chief Minister and the UK Lord Chancellor signed an agreement[11] that established a framework for the development of the international identity of Jersey. The agreement stated that:
- the UK has no democratic accountability in and for Jersey;
- the UK will not act internationally on behalf of Jersey without prior consultation;
- Jersey has an international identity that is different from that of the UK;
- the UK recognises that the interests of Jersey may differ from those of the UK, and the UK will seek to represent any differing interests when acting in an international capacity; and
- the UK and Jersey will work together to resolve or clarify any differences that may arise between their respective interests.
In January 2011, the Chief Minister designated one of his assistant ministers as having responsibility for external relations; he is now often described as the island's 'foreign minister'.[66]
Tax information exchange agreements (TIEAs) have been signed directly by the island with several countries, including: the United States of America (2002); the Netherlands (2007); Denmark, the Faroes, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Sweden and Norway (2008); the United Kingdom, France, Australia and New Zealand (2009); Portugal (2010); People's Republic of China, Turkey, Mexico, Canada, Indonesia, Czech Republic, South Africa, Argentina, and India (2011).[67]
Relationship with the European Union[link]
Jersey is neither a Member State nor an Associate Member of the European Union. It does, however, have a relationship with the EU governed by Protocol 3 to the UK’s Treaty of Accession in 1972.[68] Protocol 3 and other relevant treaty provisions are made part of Jersey Law by the European Communities (Jersey) Law 1973.[69] The relationship between the Channel Islands and the EU cannot be changed without the unanimous agreement of all Member States and Island authorities.[70]
Under Protocol 3, Jersey is part of the European Union Customs Union of the European Community. The common customs tariff, levies and other agricultural import measures apply to trade between the island and non-Member States. There is free movement of goods and trade between the island and Member States. EU rules on freedom of movement for workers do not apply in Jersey.[71] Nor is Jersey part of the single market in financial services. It is not required to implement EU Directives on such matters as movement of capital, company law or money laundering. Jersey plans to incorporate such measures where appropriate, with particular regard to the island's commitment to meeting international standards of financial regulation and countering money laundering and terrorist financing.
British citizens who have only a connection to Jersey, and not with the United Kingdom or another Member state of the European Union, are not considered to be European Union citizens.[72] They have 'Islander status' and their Jersey-issued British passports are endorsed with the words 'the holder is not entitled to benefit from EU provisions relating to employment or establishment'.[73]
Jersey residents do not have a right to vote in elections for the European Parliament. Jersey and Guernsey jointly opened an office in Brussels in 2010 to promote their common interests with European Union institutions.[74] Jersey is particularly concerned about European Union legislation and reforms that may affect its trading partners in international financial centres round the world.
Independence[link]
See also: Devolution in the United Kingdom and European microstates
The question of Jersey's independence has been discussed from time to time in the Assembly of the States of Jersey. In 2005-2008, a working group of the States of Jersey examined the options for independence, concluding that Jersey 'is equipped to face the challenges of independence' but making no recommendations.[75] Proposals for Jersey independence continue to be discussed outside the States.[76]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Jersey
Jersey is an island measuring 118.2 square kilometres[5] (65,569 vergée / 46 sq mi), including reclaimed land and intertidal zone. It lies in the English Channel, about 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi) from the Cotentin Peninsula in Normandy, France, and about 87 nautical miles (161 km; 100 mi) south of Great Britain.[77] It is the largest and southernmost of the Channel Islands, with a maximum land elevation of 136 m (446 ft) above sea level at WA 57795 06708 (current UTM30 grid).
The climate is temperate with mild winters and cool summers.[78] The average annual temperature, 11.6 °C (52.9 °F) is similar to the South Coast of England and the mean annual total sunshine is 1912 hours.[79] The terrain consists of a plateau sloping from long sandy bays in the south to rugged cliffs in the north. The plateau is cut by valleys running generally north-south.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Jersey
Jersey's economy is based on financial services (43% of GVA in 2009), tourism (hotels, restaurants and bars making 3% of GVA in 2009), electronic commerce, and agriculture (2% of GVA in 2009).[80]
Thanks to specialisation in a few high-return sectors, at purchasing power parity Jersey has high economic output per capita, substantially ahead of all of the world's large developed economies. Gross national income in 2009 was £3.7 billion (approximately £40,000 per head of population).[80] However, this is not indicative of each individual resident's purchasing power, and the actual standard of living in Jersey is comparable to that in the United Kingdom outside central London. The island is recognised as one of the leading offshore financial centres. In June 2005 the States introduced the Competition (Jersey) Law 2005[81] to regulate competition and stimulate economic growth. This competition law was based on that of other jurisdictions.
Tourism supports not only hotels, but also retail and services: in 2009 there were 685,200 visitors spending £230 million.[80] Duty-free goods are available for purchase on travel to and from the island.
In 2009 57% of the Island's area was agricultural land (an increase on 2008). Major agricultural products are potatoes and dairy produce; agriculture's share of GVA increased 5% in 2009, a fifth successive year of growth.[80] Jersey cattle are a small breed of cow widely known for its rich milk and cream; although the quality of its meat is also appreciated on a small scale.[82][83] The herd total in 2009 was 5,090 animals.[80] Fisheries and aquaculture make use of Jersey's marine resources to a total value of over £6 million in 2009.[80]
Farmers and growers often sell surplus food and flowers in boxes on the roadside, relying on the honesty of customers to drop the correct change into the money box and take what they want. In the 21st century, diversification of agriculture and amendments in planning strategy have led to farm shops replacing many of the roadside stalls.
53,460 people were employed in Jersey as of December 2010: 24% in financial and legal services; 16% in wholesale and retail trades; 16% in the public sector; 10% in education, health and other private sector services; 10% in construction and quarrying; 9% in hotels, restaurants and bars.[80]
Jersey along with Guernsey has its own lottery called The Channel Islands Lottery that was launched in 1975.
On 18 February 2005, Jersey was granted Fairtrade Island status.[84]
Taxation[link]
Until the 20th century, the States relied on indirect taxation to finance the administration of Jersey. The levying of impôts (duties) different from those of the United Kingdom was granted by Charles II and remained in the hands of the Assembly of Governor, Bailiff and Jurats until 1921 when that body's tax raising powers were transferred to the Assembly of the States, leaving the Assembly of Governor, Bailiff and Jurats to serve simply as licensing bench for the sale of alcohol (this fiscal reform also stripped the Lieutenant-Governor of most of his effective remaining administrative functions). The Income Tax Law of 1928 introducing income tax was the first law drafted entirely in English. Income tax has been levied at a flat rate of 20% set by the occupying Germans during World War II.
Because VAT has not been levied in the island, luxury goods have often been cheaper than in the UK or in France, providing an incentive for tourism from neighbouring countries. The absence of VAT has also led to the growth of the fulfilment industry, whereby low-value luxury items, such as videos, lingerie and contact lenses are exported, avoiding VAT on arrival and thus undercutting local prices on the same products. In 2005, the States of Jersey announced limits on licences granted to non-resident companies trading in this way.
Although Jersey does not have VAT, the States of Jersey introduced a goods and services tax (GST) on 6 May 2008, at a standard rate of 3%. The rate was amended to 5% on the 1st June 2011. Some supplies are taxed at 0% and others exempt. Although GST is at 5%, shopping in Jersey is still far more expensive than in the UK, food is also not exempt unlike with VAT.
Jersey is not subject to European Union fiscal legislation and its Zero-Ten legislation will be compliant with the Code of Conduct in business taxation as from the removal of the deemed distribution and attribution anti-avoidance legislation as of 31 December 2011, which was apparently criticised by certain unnamed members of the Code of Conduct Group. The Code of Conduct Group, at least in theory, keeps most of its documentation and discussion confidential. The European Commission has confirmed that the Code is not a legal instrument, and therefore is not legally binding, only becoming of limited "political" authority once a unanimous report has been adopted by the Group at the end of the Presidency concerned.
Currency[link]
Main article: Jersey pound
Jersey issues its own Jersey banknotes and coins that circulate with UK coinage, Bank of England notes, Scottish notes and Guernsey currency within the island. Jersey currency is not legal tender outside Jersey: However, in the United Kingdom it is acceptable tender[85] and can be surrendered at banks within that country in exchange for Bank of England-issued currency on a like-for-like basis.
Coinage[link]
Designs on the reverse of Jersey coins:
- 1p Le Hocq Tower (coastal defence)
- 2p L'Hermitage, site where St. Helier lived
- 5p Seymour Tower (offshore defence)
- 10p La Pouquelaye de Faldouet (dolmen)
- 20p La Corbière Lighthouse
- 50p Grosnez Castle (ruins)
The main currency of Jersey is the pound, although in many places the euro is accepted because of the positioning of the island. Pound coins are issued, but are much less widely used than pound notes. Designs on the reverse of Jersey pound coins include historic ships built in Jersey and a series of the twelve parishes' crests. The motto around the milled edge of Jersey pound coins is Insula Caesarea (English: Island of Jersey). Two pound coins are also issued, but in very small quantities.
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Jersey
Censuses have been undertaken in Jersey since 1821. In the 2011 census, the total resident population was estimated to be 97,857, of whom 34% live in Saint Helier, the island's only town.[86] Only half the island's population was born in Jersey; 31% of the population were born elsewhere in the British Isles, 7% in Portugal or Madeira, 8% in other European countries and 4% elsewhere.[87]
The people of Jersey are often called Islanders or, in individual terms, Jerseyman or Jerseywoman. Some Jersey-born people identify as British and value the special relationship between the British Crown and the island.
Religion in Jersey has a complex history and much diversity. The established church is the Church of England. In the countryside, Methodism found its traditional stronghold. A minority of Roman Catholics can also be found in Jersey. There are two Catholic private secondary schools: De La Salle College in Saint Saviour is an all-boys school, and Beaulieu Convent School in Saint Helier is an all-girls school; and FCJ primary school in St. Saviour. A Catholic order of Sisters has a presence in school life.
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1951 | 55,244 | — |
| 1961 | 59,489 | +7.7% |
| 1971 | 69,329 | +16.5% |
| 1981 | 76,050 | +9.7% |
| 1991 | 84,082 | +10.6% |
| 2001 | 87,186 | +3.7% |
| 2011 | 97,857 | +12.2% |
Immigration[link]
Jersey belongs to the Common Travel Area[88] and the definition of "United Kingdom" in the British Nationality Act 1981 is interpreted as including the UK and the Islands together.[89]
For immigration and nationality purposes, the United Kingdom generally treats Jersey as though it were part of the UK. Jersey is constitutionally entitled to restrict immigration[90] by non-Jersey residents, but control of immigration at the point of entry cannot be introduced for British, certain Commonwealth and EEA nationals without change to existing international law.[91] Immigration is therefore controlled by a mixture of restrictions on those without residential status purchasing or renting property in the island and restrictions on employment. Migration policy is to move to a registration system to integrate residential and employment status.[91] Jersey maintains its own immigration[92] and border controls. United Kingdom immigration legislation may be extended to Jersey by order in council (subject to exceptions and adaptations) following consultation with Jersey and with Jersey's consent.[93] Although Jersey citizens are full British citizens, an endorsement restricting the right of establishment in European Union states other than the UK is placed in the passports of British citizens connected solely with the Channel Islands and Isle of Man.[94] Those who have a parent or grandparent born in the United Kingdom, or who have lived in the United Kingdom for five years, are not subject to this restriction.
Historical large-scale immigration was facilitated by the introduction of steamships (from 1823). By 1840, up to 5,000 English people, mostly half-pay officers and their families, had settled in Jersey.[95] In the aftermath of 1848, Polish, Russian, Hungarian, Italian and French political refugees came to Jersey. Following Louis Napoléon's coup of 1851, more French proscrits arrived. By the end of the 19th century, well-to-do British families, attracted by the lack of income tax, were settling in Jersey in increasing numbers, establishing St Helier as a predominantly English-speaking town.
Seasonal work in agriculture had depended mostly on Bretons and mainland Normans from the 19th century. The growth of tourism attracted staff from the United Kingdom. Following Liberation in 1945, agricultural workers were mostly recruited from the United Kingdom – the demands of reconstruction in mainland Normandy and Brittany employed domestic labour.
Until the 1960s, the population had been relatively stable for decades at around 60,000 (excluding the Occupation years). Economic growth spurred immigration and a rise in population. From the 1960s Portuguese workers arrived, mostly working initially in seasonal industries in agriculture and tourism.
A trend that has developed over the past few years is the setting up of recruitment agencies in a number of countries in the world, to employ either cheap labour (often from poor countries) or qualified/experienced labour. Amongst the countries that have been targeted for this type of recruitment are: Australia, Cyprus, Kenya, Latvia, Nigeria, Poland, Portugal, and South Africa.
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of Jersey
Until the 19th century, indigenous Jèrriais – a variety of Norman – was the language of the island, though French was used for official business. During the 20th century an intense language shift took place and Jersey today is predominantly English-speaking. Jèrriais nonetheless survives; around 2,600 islanders (three percent) are reckoned to be habitual speakers, and some 10,000 (12 percent) in all claim some knowledge of the language, particularly amongst the elderly in rural parishes. There have been efforts to revive Jèrriais in schools, and the highest number of declared Jèrriais speakers is in the capital.
The dialects of Jèrriais differ in phonology and, to a lesser extent, lexis between parishes, with the most marked differences to be heard between those of the west and east. Many place names are in Jèrriais, and French and English place names are also to be found. Anglicisation of the toponymy increased apace with the migration of English people to the island.
Some Neolithic carvings are the earliest works of artistic character to be found in Jersey. Only fragmentary wall-paintings remain from the rich mediaeval artistic heritage, after the wholesale iconoclasm of the Calvinist Reformation of the 16th century.
The island is particularly famous for the Battle of Flowers, a carnival held annually since 1902.[96] Other festivals include La Fête dé Noué[97] (Christmas festival), La Faîs'sie d'Cidre (cidermaking festival),[98] the Battle of Britain air display, Jersey Live Music Festival, Branchage Film Festival, food festivals, and parish events.
The island's patron saint is Saint Helier.[99]
Media[link]
Broadcast[link]
Main article: Telecommunications in Jersey
BBC Radio Jersey provides a radio service, and BBC Channel Islands News with headquarters in Jersey provides a joint television news service with Guernsey.
Channel Television is a regional ITV franchise shared with the Bailiwick of Guernsey but with its headquarters in Jersey.
Channel 103 is a commercial radio station.
Jersey used to be served by the Normandy based radio station Contact 94.
SurfFM.co.uk is a internet based radio station broadcasting worldwide but focusing on promoting the burgeoning music scene in Jersey. With a mix of chart friendly shows during the day it switches to specialist mixes in the evening and nighttime from a raft of the local DJ talent. Also providing local news and competitions. Aiming to secure one of the new digital broadcasting licenses when they become available to the Channel Islands. Currently the station broadcasts MP3 streams to provide higher quality music than conventional streaming internet radio. The site is constantly developing as the radio station grows.
The Frémont Point transmitting station is a facility for FM and television transmission at Frémont
Newspaper[link]
Jersey's only newspaper, the Jersey Evening Post, claims that it has an average issue readership of 73% of adults in Jersey and that over the course of a week 93% of all adults will read a copy of the newspaper,[100] it being the main printed source of local news and official notices. The newspaper features a weekly Jèrriais column accompanied by English-language précis.
Magazines[link]
Lifestyle magazines include Gallery Magazine[101] (monthly), Jersey Now[102] (quarterly) and The Jersey Life[103] (monthly).
Les Nouvelles Chroniques du Don Balleine[104] is a quarterly literary magazine in Jèrriais.
"20/20 magazine"[105] is the island's only annual personal finance magazine; Global Assets [106] the island's online quarterly international offshore finance magazine is also produced by the same company.
Music[link]
The traditional folk music of Jersey was common in country areas until the mid-20th century. It cannot be separated from the musical traditions of continental Europe, and the majority of songs and tunes that have been documented have close parallels or variants, particularly in France. Most of the surviving traditional songs are in French, with a minority in Jèrriais.
In contemporary music, Nerina Pallot has enjoyed international success. Music festivals include Jersey Live, Rock in the Park, Avanchi presents Jazz in July, the music section of the Jersey Eisteddfod and the Liberation Jersey Music Festival.[108]
Cinema[link]
In 1909, T.J. West established the first cinema in the Royal Hall in St. Helier, which became known as West's Cinema in 1923 (demolished 1977). The first talking picture, The Perfect Alibi, was shown on 30 December 1929 at the Picture House in St. Helier. The Jersey Film Society was founded on 11 December 1947 at the Café Bleu, West's Cinema. The large Art Deco Forum Cinema was opened in 1935 – during the German occupation this was used for German propaganda films.
The Odeon Cinema was opened 2 June 1952 and, was later rebranded in the early 21st century as the Forum cinema. Its owners, however, struggled to meet tough competition from the Cineworld Cinemas group, which opened a 10 screen multiplex on the waterfront centre in St. Helier on reclaimed land in December 2002 and the Forum closed its doors in late 2008. In August 2006, plans were revealed to convert the former Odeon building into a department store while retaining the landmark architecture.
Since 1997, Kevin Lewis (formerly of the Cine Centre and the New Forum) has arranged the Jersey Film Festival, a charity event showing the latest and also classic films outdoors in 35 mm on a big screen. The 2011 festival was held in Howard Davis Park, St Saviour, on the 13–19 August 2011.[109] First held in 2008, the Branchage Jersey International Film Festival[110] attracts filmmakers from all over the world.
Food and drink[link]
Seafood has traditionally been important to the cuisine of Jersey: mussels (called moules in the Island), oysters, lobster and crabs – especially spider crabs – ormers, and conger.
Jersey milk being very rich, cream and butter have played a large part in insular cooking. (See Channel Island milk) However there is no indigenous tradition of cheese making, contrary to the custom of mainland Normandy, but some cheese is produced commercially. Jersey fudge, mostly imported and made with milk from overseas Jersey cattle herds, is a popular food product with tourists.
Jersey Royal potatoes are the local variety of new potato, and the island is famous for its early crop of Chats (small potatoes) from the south-facing côtils (steeply sloping fields). Originally grown using vraic as a natural fertiliser giving them their own individual taste, only a small portion of those grown in the island still use this method. They are eaten in a variety of ways, often simply boiled and served with butter or when not as fresh fried in butter.
Apples historically were an important crop. Bourdélots are apple dumplings, but the most typical speciality is black butter (lé nièr beurre), a dark spicy spread prepared from apples, cider and spices. Cider used to be an important export. After decline and near-disappearance in the late 20th century, apple production is being increased and promoted. Apple brandy is also produced, as is some wine.
Among other traditional dishes are cabbage loaf, Jersey wonders (les mèrvelles), fliottes, bean crock (les pais au fou), nettle (ortchie) soup, vraic buns.
Sport[link]
Main article: Sport in Jersey
In its own right Jersey participates in the Commonwealth Games and in the biennial Island Games, which it last hosted in 1997 and will next host in 2015.[111]
In sporting events in which Jersey does not have international representation, when the British Home Nations are competing separately, islanders that do have high athletic skill may choose to compete for any of the Home Nations – there are, however, restrictions on subsequent transfers to represent another Home Nation.
Jersey is an affiliate member of the International Cricket Council (ICC). The Jersey cricket team plays in the Inter-insular match among others. The Jersey cricket team competed in the World Division 4, held in Tanzania in October 2008, after recently finishing as runners-up and therefore being promoted from the World Division 5 held in Jersey. They also competed in the European Division 2, held in Guernsey during August 2008. The youth cricket teams have been promoted to play in the European Division 1 alongside Ireland, Scotland, Denmark, the Netherlands and Guernsey. In two tournaments at this level Jersey have finished 6th.
For horseracing, Les Landes Racecourse can be found at Les Landes in St. Ouen next to the ruins of Grosnez Castle.
The Jersey Football Association supervises football in Jersey. The Jersey Football Combination has 9 teams in its top division. The 2006/07 champions were Jersey Scottish where Ross Crick is the top scorer. The Jersey national football team plays in the annual Muratti competition among others.
Rugby union in Jersey comes under the auspices of the Jersey Rugby Association (JRA), which is a member of the Rugby Football Union of England. Jersey R.F.C. compete in the English rugby union system;[112] after four promotions in five seasons, the last three of which were consecutive, they will compete in the second-level RFU Championship in 2012–13.[113]
Jersey has two public indoor swimming pools. Swimming in the sea, surfing, windsurfing and other marine sports are practised. Jersey Swimming Club have organised an annual swim from Elizabeth Castle to Saint Helier Harbour for over 50 years. A round-island swim is a major challenge that a select number of swimmers have achieved. The Royal Channel Island Yacht Club is based in Jersey.
There is one facility for extreme sports and some facilities for youth sports. Jersey has one un-roofed skateboarding park. Coastal cliffs provide opportunities for rock climbing.
In golf, two golfers from Jersey have won The Open Championship 7 times between them, Harry Vardon winning 6 times and Ted Ray winning once. Harry and Ted also won the US Open one time each and Harry's brother Tom Vardon had some smaller wins on European Tours.
Literature[link]
Wace is Jersey's earliest known author. Printing arrived in Jersey only in the 1780s, but the island supported a multitude of regular publications in French (and Jèrriais) and English throughout the 19th century, in which poetry, most usually topical and satirical, flourished (see Jèrriais literature).The first Jèrriais book to be published was Rimes et Poésies Jersiaises de divers auteurs réunies et mises en ordre, edited by Abraham Mourant in 1865. Writers born in Jersey include Elinor Glyn, John Lemprière, Philippe Le Sueur Mourant, Robert Pipon Marett, and Augustus Asplet Le Gros. Frederick Tennyson and Gerald Durrell were among authors who made Jersey their home. Contemporary authors based in Jersey include Jack Higgins, and Sinclair Forrest, author of the 2007 novel, The Dragon of Angur.
Education[link]
Schools[link]
The States of Jersey provides education through state schools (including a fee-paying option at secondary level) and also supports private schools. The Jersey curriculum generally follows that of England.
Further and higher education[link]
Jersey has a college of further education and university centre, Highlands College. As well as offering part-time and evening courses Highlands is the largest sixth form provider in the Island, and works collaboratively with a range of organisations including the Open University, University of Plymouth and London South Bank University. In particular students can study at Highlands for the two year Foundation Degree in Financial Services and for BSc Social Sciences, both validated by the University of Plymouth.
The Institute of Law is Jersey's law school, providing a course for students seeking to qualify as Jersey advocates and solicitors. It also provides teaching for students enrolled on the University of London LLB degree programme, via the International Programmes. The Open University supports students in Jersey (but they pay higher fees than UK students). Private sector higher education providers include the Jersey International Business School.
Environment[link]
Three areas of land are protected for their ecological or geological interest as Sites of Special Interest (SSI): Les Landes, Les Blanches Banques and La Lande du Ouest. A large area of intertidal zone is designated as a Ramsar site.
Jersey is the home of Durrell Wildlife Park (formerly known as the Jersey Zoological Park) founded by the naturalist, zookeeper, and author Gerald Durrell.
Biodiversity[link]
Four species of small mammal are considered native:[114] the wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), the Jersey bank vole (Myodes glareolus caesarius), the Lesser white-toothed shrew (Crocidura suaveolens) and the French shrew (Sorex coronatus). Three wild mammals are well-established introductions: the rabbit (introduced in the mediaeval period), the red squirrel and the hedgehog (both introduced in the 19th century). The stoat (Mustela erminea) became extinct in Jersey between 1976 and 2000. The Green lizard (Lacerta bilineata) is a protected species of reptile; Jersey is its only habitat in the British Isles.[115]
Trees generally considered native are the alder (Alnus glutinosa), silver birch (Betula pendula), sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), hazel (Corylus avellana), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), beech (Fagus sylvatica), ash (Fraxinus excelsior), aspen (Populus tremula), wild cherry (Prunus avium), blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), holm oak (Quercus ilex), oak (Quercus robur), sallow (Salix cinerea), elder (Sambucus nigra), elm (Ulmus spp.), and medlar (Mespilus germanica). Among notable introduced species, the cabbage palm (Cordyline australis) has been planted in coastal areas and may be seen in many gardens.[116]
Notable marine species[117] include the ormer, conger, bass, undulate ray, grey mullet, ballan wrasse and garfish. Marine mammals include the bottlenosed dolphin[118] and grey seal.[119]
Emergency services[link]
Emergency services[120] are provided by the States of Jersey Police with the support of the Honorary Police as necessary, States of Jersey Ambulance Service,[121] Jersey Fire and Rescue Service[122] and the Jersey Coastguard.[123] The Jersey Fire and Rescue Service and the Royal National Lifeboat Institution operate an inshore rescue and lifeboat service; Channel Islands Air Search provides rapid response airborne search of the surrounding waters.[124]
The States of Jersey Fire Service was formed in 1938 when the States took over the Saint Helier Fire Brigade, which had been formed in 1901.
The first lifeboat was equipped, funded by the States, in 1830. The RNLI established a lifeboat station in 1884.[125]
Border security and Customs controls are undertaken by the States of Jersey Customs and Immigration Service.
Jersey has adopted the 112 emergency number alongside its existing 999 emergency number.
Notable people[link]
- Wace, mediaeval author (1100–1174)
- Renaud De Carteret III, land-owner (1129-1169)
- Walter Raleigh, Governor from 1600 to 1603
- George Carteret, vice-admiral, royalist statesman (1610–1680)
- King Charles II, exiled in Jersey, 1649–50
- Victor Hugo, exiled in Jersey, 1852–55
- Lillie Langtry, actress (1853–1929)
- Harry Vardon, golfer (1870–1937)
- Ted Ray, golfer (1877–1943)
- Gerald Durrell, conservationist, author (1925–1995)
- Graeme Le Saux, football player (b. 1968)
- Nerina Pallot, singer-songwriter (b. 1974)
- Henry Cavill, actor (b. 1983)
- Matt Banahan, rugby player (b. 1986)
- Brett Pitman, football player (b. 1988)
See also[link]
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Footnotes and references[link]
- ^ "Development Of A Cultural Strategy For The Island". Statesassembly.gov.je. http://www.statesassembly.gov.je/documents/propositions/22189-12814-1972005.htm. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Bulletin 2: Place of birth, ethnicity, length of residency, marital status.
- ^ "2011 census results". Gov.je. 8 December 2011. http://www.gov.je/Government/Census/Census2011/Pages/2011CensusResults.aspx. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
- ^ "Jersey rejects time-zone change". BBC News. 16 October 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/jersey/7671009.stm. Retrieved 18 October 2008.
- ^ a b "www.gov.je – Welcome to the States of Jersey website". States of Jersey. 2006. http://www.gov.je/. Retrieved 15 October 2006.
- ^ "Where is Jersey". Jersey Tourism. Archived from the original on 20 August 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060820081549/http://www.jersey.com/wij/wij_en.htm. Retrieved 15 October 2006.
- ^ "Walking – Walking Routes – Moonwalks". Jersey Tourism. http://www.jersey.com/content_page.asp?id=127. Retrieved 18 October 2006.
- ^ "Jersey Facts and Figures". http://www.gov.je/Jersey/Pages/Profile.aspx. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ House of Commons Justice Committee. Crown Dependencies. 8th Report of Session 2009-10 (HC 56-1 ed.). The Stationery Office Ltd. ISBN 978-0-215-55334-8. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmjust/56/5602.htm.
- ^ http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandCrowndependencies/ChannelIslands.aspx
- ^ a b Jersey and UK agree framework for developing Jersey’s international identity[dead link]
- ^ "Civil Unreported Templates". Statesassembly.gov.je. http://www.statesassembly.gov.je/documents/reports/46527-24954-2762008.htm#_Toc188083991. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "Jersey's relationship with the UK and EU". Gov.je. http://www.gov.je/Government/JerseyWorld/InternationalAffairs/Pages/RelationshipEUandUK.aspx. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Antonine Itinerary, 4e C.
- ^ Marie Fauroux, Recueil des actes des ducs de Normandie (911–1066), Mémoire de la Société des Antiquaires de Normandie XXXVI, Caen, 1961, p. 161, § 49.
- ^ ibid., p. 255, § 99.
- ^ Adrian Room, Dictionary of place names in the British Isles, Bloomsbury, London, 1988, p. 188.
- ^ Lucien Musset, Les actes de Guillaume le Conquérant et de la Reine Mathilde pour les abbayes caennaises, Mémoires de la société des Antiquaires de Normandie XXXVII, Caen, 1967, p. 84, § 8.
- ^ ibid., p. 94, § 11.
- ^ ibid., p. 97, § 12.
- ^ Wace, Roman de Rou (1160/1174), édition de Hugo Andersen, Heilbronn, 1877, III, v. 5302, 5305.
- ^ Julie Fontanel, Le cartulaire du chapitre cathédral de Coutances, Archives départementales de la Manche, Saint-Lô, 2003, p. 411, § 273.
- ^ Léopold Delisle, Les actes normands de la Chambre des Comptes sous Philippe de Valois (1328–1350), Rouen, Le Brument, 1871, p. 208, § 116.
- ^ Ibid., p. 209, § 117.
- ^ Rôles Normands et Français et autres pièces tirées des archives de Londres par Bréquigny en 1764, 1765 et 1766, Mémoires de la société des Antiquaires de Normandie XXIII (3e série, 3e volume), 1re partie, Paris, 1858, p. 4b, § 42.
- ^ ibid., p. 4b, § 46.
- ^ ibid., p. 5b, § 61.
- ^ ibid., p. 72a, § 393.
- ^ Gerard Mercator (1512–1594), Britannia et Normandia cum confinibus regionibus, Duisbourg, 1585 [NBF, Collection d'Anville, cote 00456 bis.
- ^ Greenville Collins, Chart of the channell, Manche, 1693 [BNF, Collection d'Anville, cote 00757].
- ^ Herman van Loon, D2.me [= Deuxième] carte particuliere des costes de Normandie contenant les costes du Cotentin depuis la Pointe de la Percée Jusqu'a Granville ou sont Comprises les Isles de Jersey, Grenezey, Cers, et Aurigny, avec les Isles de Brehat. Comme elles paroissent a basse Mer dans les grandes marées, Atlas Van Keulen, Amsterdam, 1753 [BN]
- ^ Cassini's map.
- ^ La Gazette de l'Île de Jersey. 24 January 1829.
- ^ V. Lavasseur, Atlas National Illustré des 86 départements et des possessions de la France, A. Combette éditeur, Paris, 1854.
- ^ Dominique Fournier, Wikimanche.
- ^ "History of stamps". Jersey Post. Archived from the original on 8 May 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060508134224/http://www.jerseypost.com/jppage.aspx?id=170. Retrieved 6 October 2006.
- ^ Harper, Douglas (November 2001). "Online Etymological Dictionary". http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=jersey. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
- ^ Le Messurier, H. W. (December 1916). "The Early Relations between Newfoundland and the Channel Islands". Geographical Review (American Geographical Society) 2 (6): 449. DOI:10.2307/207514. JSTOR 207514.
- ^ T. F Hoad, English Etymology, Oxford University Press paperback 1993.
- ^ François de Beaurepaire, Les noms des communes et anciennes paroisses de la Manche, éditions Picard 1986. p. 100.
- ^ The Concise Oxford Dictionary Of English Placenames, Oxford 1947.
- ^ "Jersey", Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. John Everett-Heath. Oxford University Press 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Jersey Library. 6 October 2006 [1]
- ^ "Countryside Character Appraisal – Character Area A1: North Coast Heathland". States of Jersey. http://www.gov.je/PlanningEnvironment/Planning/Island+Plan+and+Other+Policy+Guidance/Countryside+Character+Appraisal/Character+Area+A1+North+Coast+Heathland.htm. Retrieved 6 October 2006. [dead link]
- ^ "A Short Constitutional History of Jersey". Voisin & Co.. 18 May 1999. Archived from the original on 26 August 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070826101652/http://www.voisinlaw.com/pg368.htm. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
- ^ Liddicoat, Anthony (1 August 1994). A Grammar of the Norman French of the Channel Islands. Walter de Gruyter. p. 6. ISBN 3-11-012631-1. http://books.google.com/?id=pgobrmlMAGQC&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6.
- ^ Ommer, Rosemary E. (1991). From Outpost to Outport. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 13–14. ISBN 0-7735-0730-2. http://books.google.com/?id=nrdYUXv817sC&pg=PA13&lpg=PP11.
- ^ Weeks, Daniel J. (1 May 2001). Not for Filthy Lucre's Sake. Lehigh University Press. p. 45. ISBN 0-934223-66-1. http://books.google.com/?id=FM_BrMaXR2kC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45.
- ^ Cochrane, Willard W. (30 September 1993). The Development of American Agriculture. University of Minnesota Press. p. 18. ISBN 0-8166-2283-3. http://books.google.com/?id=gnqxb5vuTEMC&pg=PA18&lpg=PA18.
- ^ Syvret and Stevens. Balleine's History of Jersey. Phillimore. ISBN 1-86077-065-7.
- ^ Ommer, Rosemary E. (1991). From Outpost to Outport. McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-7735-0730-2. http://books.google.com/?id=nrdYUXv817sC&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12.
- ^ Bellows, Tony. "What was the "Occupation" and why is "Liberation Day" celebrated in the Channel Islands?". Société Jersiaise. http://www.societe-jersiaise.org/whitsco/liberat1.htm. Retrieved 15 October 2006.
- ^ States of Jersey (Miscellaneous Provisions) Law 2011 http://www.jerseylaw.je/Law/display.aspx?url=lawsinforce\htm\LawFiles\2011%2fL-13-2011.htm
- ^ States of Jersey Law 2005, Article 1 http://www.jerseylaw.je/Law/display.aspx?url=lawsinforce/htm/LawFiles/2005/l-08-2005.htm#_Toc88473877
- ^ States of Jersey Law 2005, Article 18 http://www.jerseylaw.je/Law/display.aspx?url=lawsinforce/htm/LawFiles/2005/l-08-2005.htm#_Toc88473897
- ^ States of Jersey Law 2005, Article 24 http://www.jerseylaw.je/Law/display.aspx?url=lawsinforce/htm/LawFiles/2005/l-08-2005.htm#_Toc88473903
- ^ States of Jersey Official Report, 3 May 2011, 5.1. Statement by the Chief Minister regarding the appointment of a new Chief Executive to the Council of Ministers.
- ^ States of Jersey Law 2005, Article 3 http://www.jerseylaw.je/Law/display.aspx?url=lawsinforce/htm/LawFiles/2005/l-08-2005.htm#_Toc88473878
- ^ House of Commons, Justice Committee (23 March 2010). Crown Dependencies. 8th Report of Session 2009-10. London: The Stationery Office. ISBN 978-0-215-55334-8. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200910/cmselect/cmjust/56/56i.pdf.
- ^ Royal Commission on the Constitution 1969-1973 (1973). Report. Part XI of Volume 1. London.
- ^ The official website of the British Monarchy. "Channel Islands". http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandCrowndependencies/ChannelIslands.aspx. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ^ http://www5.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20Attorney%20General%20Transcript%2020100702%20WM.pdf
- ^ Office of the Lieutenant Governor. "Lieutenant-Governor". http://www.jersey.com/governmenthouse/About/Pages/default.aspx. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
- ^ Collins of Mapesbury, Lord; More, McLean, Briggs, Harris, McLachlan (2010). Dicey, Morris & Collins on the Conflict of Laws (14th ed.). London: Sweet & Maxwell. ISBN 978-1-84703-461-8.
- ^ See generally S Nicolle (2009). The Origin and Development of Jersey law: an Outline Guide (5th ed.). St Helier: Jersey and Guernsey Law Review. ISBN 978-0-9557611-3-3. and "Study Guide on Jersey Legal System and Constitutional Law". Jersey: Institute of Law. http://www.lawinstitute.ac.je/default.asp?contentID=629.
- ^ Jersey Evening Post, 23 September 2006
- ^ 'Meet our new foreign minister', Jersey Evening Post, 14 January 2011 http://www.thisisjersey.com/2011/01/14/meet-our-new-foreign-minister/; Editorial, 'A new role of great importance', Jersey Evening Post, 17 January 2011 http://www.thisisjersey.com/2011/01/17/a-new-role-of-great-importance/
- ^ "TAX INFORMATION EXCHANGE AGREEMENTS (TIEAs)". http://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Tax%20and%20your%20money/ID%20TIEAsSignedToDate.pdf. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Article 355(5)(c) states "the Treaties shall apply to the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man only to the extent necessary to ensure the implementation of the arrangements for those islands set out in the Treaty concerning the accession of new Member States to the European Economic Community and to the European Atomic Energy Community signed on 22 January 1972".
- ^ "European Communities (Jersey) Law 1973". http://www.jerseylaw.je/law/display.aspx?url=lawsinforce%2Fconsolidated%2F17%2F17.210_EuropeanCommunitiesLaw1973_RevisedEdition_1January2007.htm. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
- ^ See Sutton, Alastair (2005), "Jersey's changing constitutional relationship with Europe", Jersey and Guernsey Law Review 9 (1), http://www.jerseylaw.je/Publications/jerseylawreview/feb05/JLR0502_Sutton.aspx#P007
- ^ Rui Alberto Pereira Roque v His Excellency the Lieutenant Governor of Jersey, Case C-171/96 (European Court of Justice) http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:61996J0171:EN:HTML
- ^ States of Jersey (4 February 2008). "Status of Channel Islands in the European Union". http://www.statesassembly.gov.je/AssemblyReports/2008/45051-30164-1222008.pdf. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
- ^ States of Jersey. "Islander status". http://www.gov.je/Travel/Passports/OtherInfo/Pages/IslanderStatus.aspx. Retrieved 23 August 2011.
- ^ "Channel Islands appoint representative in Brussels", BBC News, 25 January 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-jersey-12276525
- ^ "Second Interim Report of the Constitution Review Group". Statesassembly.gov.je. http://www.statesassembly.gov.je/documents/reports/46527-24954-2762008.htm. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Editorial, 'Legal ideas of political importance', Jersey Evening Post, 21 September 2010 http://www.thisisjersey.com/2010/09/21/legal-ideas-of-political-importance/; Andy Sibcy, 'Sovereignty or dependency on agenda at conference', Jersey Evening Post, 17 September 2010 http://www.thisisjersey.com/2010/09/17/sovereignty-or-dependency-on-agenda-at-conference/
- ^ Geographically it is not part of the British Isles. As of 15 October 2006, the States of Jersey indicates that the island is situated "only 22 km off the northwest coast of France and 140 km south of England".
- ^ "CIA – The World Factbook – Jersey". Central Intelligence Agency. 5 October 2006. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/je.html. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
- ^ "Climate Averages Jersey 1971–2000". Jerseymet.gov.je. http://www.jerseymet.gov.je. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Jersey in Figures booklet". http://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/ID%20JerseyInFigures2010%2020110427%20SU.pdf. Retrieved 6 November 2011.
- ^ http://www.jcra.je/pdf/051101%20Competition-Jersey-Law--2005.pdf
- ^ Davenport, Philippa (20 May 2006). "Jersey's cash cow". Financial Times. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/7a7bb3e0-e720-11da-9046-0000779e2340.html. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
- ^ Witmer, Jason (11 June 2004). "CROPP contracts brings profitability to Ohio grass-based, organic dairies". The Rodale Institute. http://www.newfarm.org/features/0604/nissley/index.shtml. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
- ^ "Island achieves Fairtrade status". BBC News. 24 February 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/jersey/4295551.stm. Retrieved 6 October 2006.
- ^ Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Lords, Westminster (6 December 2001). "Lords Hansard text for 6 Dec 2001 (211206-28)". Publications.parliament.uk. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200102/ldhansrd/vo011206/text/11206-28.htm. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "Jersey Census 2011 Bulletin no 1". States of Jersey. December 2011. http://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20CensusBulletin1%2020111208%20SU.pdf.
- ^ "Jersey Census 2011 Bulletin no 2". States of Jersey. January 2012. http://www.gov.je/SiteCollectionDocuments/Government%20and%20administration/R%20CensusBulletin2%2020111214%20SU.pdf.
- ^ "Visas / entry clearances / work permit issue". Home Affairs, Customs & Immigration, Immigration. States of Jersey. Archived from the original on 10 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071010113620/http://www2.gov.je/HomeAffairs/CusAndImm/Immigration/. Retrieved 14 September 2009. "Passengers arriving from outside of the Common Travel Area (United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) will pass through an Immigration control."
- ^ "British Nationality Act 1981". Legislation, UK, Acts. Office of Public Sector Information. http://www.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1981/cukpga_19810061_en_8#pt5-l1g57. Retrieved 14 September 2009. "the Islands” means the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man; [...] the United Kingdom” means Great Britain, Northern Ireland and the Islands, taken together;"
- ^ gov.je – Summary Policy[dead link]
- ^ a b gov.je – Migration Monitoring and Regulation[dead link]
- ^ gov.je – Immigration[dead link]
- ^ Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Lords, Westminster. "Answer by Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State, Home Office, (Lord West of Spithead) in UK House of Lords 18 January 2010". Publications.parliament.uk. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld200910/ldhansrd/text/100118w0003.htm. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ gov.je – Passports – I have an observation in my passport that says – the holder is not entitled to benefit from EC Provisions relating to employment and settlement – what does that mean?[dead link]
- ^ Balleine's History of Jersey
- ^ "The Jersey Battle of Flowers". Jersey Battle of Flowers Association. 2005. http://www.battleofflowers.com/thebattle/index.htm. Retrieved 15 October 2006.
- ^ "La Fête dé Noué". http://www.jersey.com/english/sightsandactivities/eventscalendar/christmas/pages/default.aspx. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ "La Faîs'sie d'Cidre". http://jerseyheritage.org/events/la-fa-s-sie-d-cidre. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ Falle, Samuel. "Saint Helier – Saint Hélyi – Saint Hélier". Geraint Jennings, Société Jersiaise. http://www.societe-jersiaise.org/geraint/helier/falle.html. Retrieved 15 October 2006.
- ^ "At the heart of island life since 1890". Jersey Evening Post. http://www.jerseyeveningpost.com/index.html. Retrieved 7 October 2006.
- ^ "Gallery Magazine Jersey". Gallerymagazine.co.uk. http://www.gallerymagazine.co.uk. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ http://www.jerseyeveningpost.com/pub2.html
- ^ Quality LifeStyle Magazines – Jersey, Harpenden,Jersey Estrella Radlett, St Albans
- ^ "Les Nouvelles Chroniques du Don Balleine". Societe-jersiaise.org. http://www.societe-jersiaise.org/langsec/chroniques.html. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "20/20 magazine". 2020.je. http://www.2020.je. Retrieved 15 june 2012.
- ^ "Global Assets". financeoffshore.com. http://www.financeoffshore.com. Retrieved 15 june 2012.
- ^ "Band of the Island of Jersey". http://www.islandband.org.je. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ "Liberation Jersey Music Festival". http://www.liberationjersey.com/. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ "Jersey Film Festival". http://www.jerseyfilmfestival.com/. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ "Branchage Film Festival". http://www.branchagefestival.com/. Retrieved 18 September 2011.
- ^ "Island Games Jersey 2015 Bid | Home". Jersey2015.com. http://www.jersey2015.com/home. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
- ^ "Jersey Rugby Football Club". Jrfc.je. http://www.jrfc.je/. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
- ^ Pryor, Tim (23 April 2012). "Jersey promoted: The rise and rise of an island side". BBC Radio Jersey (BBC Sport). http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/rugby-union/17678699. Retrieved 13 May 2012.
- ^ Species Based Research Projects – The Jersey Mammal Survey[dead link]
- ^ Biodiversity Action Plan[dead link]
- ^ Trees in Jersey, The Jersey Association of Men of the Trees, Jersey 1997, ISBN 0-9530979-0-0
- ^ "A-Z of Fish". Jersey.com. 21 August 2008. http://www.jersey.com/English/sightsandactivities/activities/fishing/AtoZFish/Pages/default.aspx. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ [3][dead link]
- ^ [4][dead link]
- ^ "Contacts". Gov.je. http://www.gov.je/pages/contacts.aspx?contactId=87. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "Jersey Fire and Rescue Service". Gov.je. http://www.gov.je/Government/Departments/HomeAffairs/Departments/FireService/Pages/default.aspx. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "Jersey Coastguard". Portofjersey.je. http://www.portofjersey.je/JerseyCoastguard/Pages/default.aspx. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ Ivor Bisson (3 February 2011). "CI Air Search Home page". Ci-airsearch.com. http://www.ci-airsearch.com/. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
- ^ "St Helier History". Rnli.org.uk. 14 December 1982. http://www.rnli.org.uk/rnli_near_you/southwest/stations/StHelierJerseyCI/history. Retrieved 31 May 2011.
Print[link]
- Jersey Through the Centuries, Leslie Sinel, Jersey 1984, ISBN 0-86120-003-9
Further reading[link]
See also: Bibliography of Jersey
- Balleine's History of Jersey, Marguerite Syvret and Joan Stevens (1998) ISBN 1-86077-065-7
- A Biographical Dictionary of Jersey, G.R. Balleine
- Archaeology
- The Archaeology of the Channel Islands. Vol. 2: The Bailiwick of Jersey by Jacquetta Hawkes (1939)
- The Prehistoric Foundations of Europe to the Mycenean Age, 1940, C. F. C. Hawkes
- Jersey in Prehistory, Mark Patton, 1987
- The Archaeology and Early History of the Channel Islands, Heather Sebire, 2005.
- Dolmens of Jersey: A Guide, James Hibbs (1988).
- A Guide to The Dolmens of Jersey, Peter Hunt, Société Jersiaise, 1998.
- Statements in Stone: Monuments and Society in Neolithic Brittany, Mark Patton, 1993
- Hougue Bie, Mark Patton, Warwick Rodwell, Olga Finch, 1999
- The Channel Islands, An Archaeological Guide, David Johnston, 1981
- The Archaeology of the Channel Islands, Peter Johnston, 1986
- Cattle
One Hundred Years of the Royal Jersey Agricultural and Horticultural Society 1833–1933. Compiled from the Society's Records, by H.G. Shepard, Secretary Eric J. Boston. Jersey Cattle, 1954
- Religion
- The Channel Islands under Tudor Government, A.J. Eagleston
- Reformation and Society in Guernsey, D.M. Ogier
- International Politics and the Establishment of Presbytarianism in the Channel Islands: The Coutances Connection, C.S.L. Davies
- Religion, History and G.R. Balleine: The Reformation in Jersey, by J. St John Nicolle, The Pilot Magazine
- The Reformation in Jersey: The Process of Change over Two centuries, J. St John Nicolle
- The Chroniques de Jersey in the light of contemporary documents, BSJ, AJ Eagleston
- The Portrait of Richard Mabon, BSJ, Joan Stevens
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jersey |
- States of Jersey Main website of the Jersey government.
- Jersey Tourism Government owned tourism website.
- Jersey Elections
- Locate Jersey
- Jerripedia
- BBC Jersey
- Isle News
- This Is Jersey
- Jersey in The World Factbook
- Prehistoric Jersey
- Jersey travel guide from Wikitravel
Coordinates: 49°11′24″N 2°6′36″W / 49.19°N 2.11°W / 49.19; -2.11 
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http://wn.com/Jersey
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jersey
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Anandmurti Gurumaa | |
|---|---|
 Anandmurti Gurumaa |
|
| Born | (1966-04-08) 8 April 1966 (age 46) Amritsar, Punjab, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Field | Spirituality |
| Movement | Shakti - an NGO to educate girls and empower women |
Anandmurti Gurumaa (Devnagari: आनन्दमूर्ति गुरुमाँ Punjabi: ਅਨੰਦ੍ਮੁਰਤੀ ਮਾਂ), also known as Gurumaa born in Amritsar, Punjab India, is a New Age spiritual guide. She is respected by followers of many faiths including Christianity, Hinduism, Sikhism, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism and Sufism.[1] Her message transcends gender, religious, political, geographic and material boundaries.[1] She claims to be well versed with varied subjects like Zen, Buddhism, Art, Upanishad, Yoga and fuses scientific aptitude with ancient wisdom which enables her to take a pragmatic approach to life and its varied shades.[2]
Anandmurti means “an embodiment of Divine Bliss” and Gurumaa means “Master Mother”[3] in Hindi. Gurumaa teaches the disciplines of meditation, yoga, present moment awareness and self realisation,[4] using meditation techniques from yoga, zen, tantra, sufism, sikhism, buddhism and devised methods.[5] Gurumaa's core teachings include meditation, self realisation, evolving consciousness and non-duality.
Contents |
Life sketch[link]
Gurumaa was born on the 8 April 1966 at Amritsar in Punjab, India. She was educated in a convent school and did graduation in arts.[6] In her childhood she used to accompany her mother to spiritual discourses, gatherings, satsangs. She would also have assemblies of sadhus coming home. Some of the friendly mahatmas would pick her to speak to.[7]
Gurumaa is said to have attained enlightenment at age 16.[7] She says she didn't put in years of austerities for enlightenment and she was a normal girl who used to enjoy all games, sports and extra-curricular activities, which she continued after college.[7]
Gurumaa's discourses started coming daily on Sony entertainment television in the morning in 1999 and her popularity started increasing.[7] Her followers started organizing meditation camps in rishikesh twice a year. She established an ashram in ganaur area of sonepat district in Haryana. Since the ashram had limited residential capacity of around 500 people, she started conducting different meditation camps for people of different regions.
Gurumaa conducted series of discourses on various spiritual texts of Hindus, sikhs, Muslims, budhists like Bhagavad Gita, japji sahib, rehraas sahib, jaap sahib of Guru Granth Sahib, Guru Gita, Shankaracharya's Nirvana Shatkam and Bhaja Govindam, Narada Bhakti Sutra and poetries of sufi mystics like Baba Bulle Shah, baba farid and Rumi. Sony discontinued airing Gurumaa's discourses in 2007.
Teachings[link]
- In Gurumaa's own words, If her teachings are to be summarized in one thing, it would be awareness.[7]
- Gurumaa also emphasizes the need for all seekers to free themselves from the outer garb of religion,[8] asserting that we don't experience fulfilment because of our expectations. Enlightenment can only happen if one surrenders completely to the existence.[9]
| “ | our relationship with God is rooted in expectations, which stops us from experiencing fulfilment. In the same manner, enlightenment will be denied to us as long as we long for it. It is only when we surrender the desire, that we will attain to it. | ” |
Shakti[link]
Shakti is a mission started by Anandmurti Gurumaa to empower female children in India and stop female foeticide.[10] Shakti supports the education of the girls from poor and needy families until 12th standard. Shakti gives financial support for education without any color/caste/creed discrimination.[11][12] It was started informally in 2000. In the 2006-2007 academic year, around 175 girls were given full tuition fees for their studies.[13]
Works[link]
Gurumaa has translated the Sufi love poems of the Turkish Sufi dervish Mevlana Jelaluddin Rumi into the Hindi language, for the first time in India.[14] These poems were published in the book Prem ka chalakta jaam.[15] Gurumaa has also sung few of Rumi's poems, translated to Hindi, on her album Rumi - Love at its zenith.[16]
Further reading[link]
Gurumaa's products (details below) are available at high cost.
- Anandmurti Gurumaa, Know Thyself (Full Circle) 2010 ISBN 978-81-216-1486-3
- Anandmurti Gurumaa, Quotes of the Unquotable (Gurumaa Vani) 2004 ISBN 81-904060-1-9
- Anandmurti Gurumaa, Shivoham (Rupa & company.) 2006 ISBN 81-291-0897-6
- Anandmurti Gurumaa, Rumi Aur Main (Rupa & company.) 2005 ISBN 81-291-0824-0
- Seema Varma, Rays of Light (GM Vani) 2002
- Anandmurti Gurumaa, Ath Kahe Narad (saraswati vihar) 2004 ISBN 81-216-1043-5 [1]
- Anandmurti Gurumaa. Going beyond the mind (Gurumaa Vani)
References[link]
- ^ a b Newswire.com Editorial about Gurumaa
- ^ Rafique Sayed (2008). "Let There Be Light". Me Magazine of Daily News Agency: 14–16. http://digital.dnaindia.com/epapermain.aspx?queryed=26&eddate=11%2f2%2f2008&parenteditioncode=&una=. Retrieved 2009-01-01.
- ^ Gurumaa on Gurumaa.com
- ^ Gurumaa's teachings and question answers
- ^ Meditation Techniques by Gurumaa published in Life Positive magazine
- ^ Official Life Sketch
- ^ a b c d e Interview in Life Positive Magazine, May 2005 Issue
- ^ Life Positive Expo 2005 talk
- ^ Life Positive Expo 2006 talk
- ^ Indian Express Ludhiana city edition, November 06, 2006
- ^ Shakti initiative by Gurumaa
- ^ Ananmurti Gurumaa's Shakti mission launched in UK
- ^ Shakti Presentation
- ^ Sufiana Andaaz - Tehelka Newspaper, Aug 26, 2006
- ^ Prem ka chalakta jaam
- ^ Rumi - love at its zenith
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Anandmurti Gurumaa |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Anandmurti Gurumaa |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Indian spiritual teacher |
| Date of birth | 8 April 1966 |
| Place of birth | Amritsar, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Anandmurti_Gurumaa
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anandmurti_Gurumaa
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Chris Christie | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| 55th Governor of New Jersey | |
| Incumbent | |
| Assumed office January 19, 2010 |
|
| Lieutenant | Kim Guadagno |
| Preceded by | Jon Corzine |
| United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey | |
| In office January 17, 2002 – December 1, 2008[1] |
|
| Nominated by | George W. Bush |
| Preceded by | Robert Cleary |
| Succeeded by | Ralph Marra (Acting) |
| Member of the Morris County Board of Chosen Freeholders | |
| In office January 1, 1995 – January 1, 1998 |
|
| Personal details | |
| Born | Christopher James Christie (1962-09-06) September 6, 1962 (age 49) Newark, New Jersey |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse(s) | Mary Pat Foster |
| Children | Andrew (b. 1993) Sarah (b. 1996) Patrick (b. 2000) Bridget (b. 2003) |
| Residence | Mendham |
| Alma mater | University of Delaware Seton Hall University |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
| Signature |  |
Christopher James "Chris" Christie (born September 6, 1962) is the 55th and current Governor of New Jersey. Upon his election to the governorship in November 2009, Christie became the first Republican to win a statewide election in New Jersey in 12 years. Christie, an attorney, previously served as United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey and as a Morris County, New Jersey Freeholder. In 2011, he considered entering the race for the Republican Presidential nomination but ultimately decided not to run.
Contents |
Early life, education, and family[link]
Chris Christie was born in Newark, New Jersey, the son of Sondra A. (née Grasso) and Wilbur James "Bill" Christie, a certified public accountant.[2][3][4] Christie is of Scottish, Irish, and Sicilian descent.[5][6][7][8] He was raised in Livingston, graduating from Livingston High School.[9] Christie graduated from the University of Delaware with a Bachelor of Arts in political science in 1984 and Seton Hall University School of Law with a Juris Doctor in 1987. Christie was admitted to the Bar of the State of New Jersey and the Bar of the United States District Court, District of New Jersey, in December 1987. After being elected the Governor of New Jersey, he was awarded honorary doctorate degrees from Rutgers University, the state university of New Jersey, and Monmouth University in 2010.[10] [11]
In 1986, Christie married Mary Pat Foster, a fellow student at the University of Delaware. After marriage they shared a one-room apartment in Summit, New Jersey. Mary Pat Christie pursued a career in investment banking, eventually working at the Wall Street firm Cantor Fitzgerald. She left the firm in 2001 following the September 11 attacks, only recently returning to work part-time.[3] They have four children: Andrew (born 1993), Sarah (born 1996), Patrick (born 2000), and Bridget (born 2003).[12] Christie and his family reside in Mendham Township.[13][14]
Early career[link]
Lawyer[link]
In 1987, Christie joined the law firm of Dughi, Hewit & Palatucci of Cranford, New Jersey. In 1993, he was named a partner in the firm. Christie specialized in securities law, appellate practice, election law, and government affairs. He is a member of the American Bar Association and the New Jersey State Bar Association and was a member of the Election Law Committee of the New Jersey State Bar Association.
Morris County Freeholder[link]
Christie, at the time a resident of Mendham, was in 1994 elected as a Republican to the Morris County Board of Chosen Freeholders, with Christie and a running mate having defeated incumbent freeholders in the party primary. After that election, the defeated incumbents filed defamation lawsuits against Christie based on statements made during the primary campaign. Christie had incorrectly stated that the incumbents were under investigation for violating certain local laws. The lawsuit was settled out of court.[15]
As freeholder, Christie required the county government to obtain three quotes from qualified firms for all contracts. He led a successful effort to bar county officials from accepting gifts from people and firms doing business with the county. He voted to raise the county's open space tax for land preservation; however, county taxes on the whole were decreased by 6.6% during his tenure. He successfully pushed for the dismissal of an architect hired to design a new jail, saying that the architect was costing taxpayers too much money. The architect then sued Christie for defamation over remarks he made about the dismissal.[16]
In 1995, Christie announced a bid for a seat in the New Jersey General Assembly; he and attorney Rick Merkt ran as a ticket against incumbent Assemblyman Anthony Bucco and attorney Michael Patrick Carroll in the Republican primary. Bucco and Carroll, the establishment candidates, defeated the up-and-comers by a wide margin. After this loss, Christie's bid for re-nomination to the freeholder board was unlikely, as unhappy Republicans recruited John J. Murphy to run against Christie in 1997. Murphy defeated Christie in the primary.[17] Murphy, who had falsely accused Christie of having the county pay his legal bills in the architect's lawsuit, was sued by Christie after the election. They settled out of court; nevertheless, Christie's career in Morris County politics was over by 1998.
Lobbyist[link]
In 1998 Christie registered as a lobbyist for the firm of Dughi, Hewit & Palatucci, alongside fellow partner and later, gubernatorial campaign fundraiser Bill Palatucci. Between 1999 and 2001, Christie and Palatucci lobbied on behalf of, among others, GPU Energy for deregulation of New Jersey's electric and gas industry; the Securities Industry Association to block the inclusion of securities fraud under the state's Consumer Fraud Act; Hackensack University Medical Center for state grants, and the University of Phoenix for a New Jersey higher education license.[18]
United States Attorney[link]
Christie served as the chief federal law enforcement officer in New Jersey from January 17, 2002, to December 1, 2008. His office included 137 attorneys, with offices in Newark, Trenton and Camden. Christie also served as one of the 17 U.S. Attorneys on Attorney General John Ashcroft and Alberto Gonzales' advisory committee.
Appointment[link]
On December 7, 2001, Christie was nominated to be the U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey. He was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate on December 20, 2001, and sworn into office on January 17, 2002.
Controversy surrounded his appointment; some members of the New Jersey Bar professed disappointment at Christie's lack of criminal law experience and his history as a top fundraiser for George W. Bush's 2000 presidential campaign.[19] The extent of the role played by Bush's political adviser, Karl Rove, also became an issue after Christie's law partner, William Palatucci, a Republican political consultant and Bush supporter, boasted that he had selected a United States attorney by forwarding Christie's résumé to Rove.[20]
Christie has stated that his distant familial connection to Genovese crime family leader Tino Fiumara never came up during his Federal Bureau of Investigation background check for his position as a U.S. Attorney; he told The New York Times in 2009 that he had assumed that investigators were aware of the connection.[21] During his tenure as U.S. Attorney, Christie recused himself from his office's investigation, indictment, and prosecution of Fiumara for aiding the flight of a fugitive.[21] A 2011 commentary on MarketWatch identified Fiumara as Christie's aunt's husband's late brother and said Christie has dismissed the relationship as a "private matter".[22]
Achievements[link]
Despite the initial misgivings over his degree of experience, Christie received praise for his history of convictions for public corruption. During his tenure, Christie's office won convictions or guilty pleas from 130 public officials, both Republican and Democratic, on the state, county and local levels without losing a single case.[23] The most notable of these convictions included those of Hudson County Executive Robert C. Janiszewski in 2002 on bribery charges,[24] Essex County Executive James W. Treffinger in 2003 on corruption charges,[25] former New Jersey Senate President John A. Lynch, Jr. in 2006 on charges of mail fraud and tax evasion,[26] State Senator and former Newark mayor Sharpe James in 2008 on fraud charges,[27] and State Senator Wayne R. Bryant in 2008 on charges of bribery, mail fraud, and wire fraud.[28]
Claims of misuse of deferred prosecution agreements[link]
Christie has been accused of using his office's role in crafting deferred prosecution agreements to award lucrative federal monitoring positions in no-bid contracts to friends, supporters, and allies.[29] Questions first arose after Christie awarded a multimillion-dollar no-bid contract to David Kelley, another former U.S. Attorney, who had investigated Christie's brother, Todd Christie, in a 2005 fraud case involving traders at the Wall Street firm, Spear, Leeds & Kellogg.[30][31] Kelley had declined to prosecute Todd Christie, who had been ranked fourth in the investigation—initiating a U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) complaint among twenty traders who earned the largest profits for their company at the expense of their customers. The top three were indicted, as were eleven other traders.[32]
Christie was similarly criticized for his 2007 recommendation of the appointment of The Ashcroft Group, a consulting firm owned by Christie's former superior, the former United States Attorney General John Ashcroft, as a monitor in a court settlement against Zimmer Holdings, an Indiana medical supplies company. The no-bid contract was worth between $28 million and $52 million.[33][34] Christie defended the decision, saying that Ashcroft’s prominence and legal acumen made him a natural choice. Christie declined to intercede when Zimmer's company lawyers protested the Group’s plans to charge a rate of $1.5 million to $2.9 million per month for the monitoring.[29][35] Shortly after the House Judiciary Committee began holding hearings on the matter, the Justice Department re-wrote the rules regarding the appointment of court monitors.[36]
Christie also faced criticism over the terms of a $311-million fraud settlement with Bristol-Myers Squibb. Christie’s office deferred criminal prosecution of the pharmaceutical company in a deal that required it to dedicate $5 million for a business ethics chair at Seton Hall University School of Law, Christie's alma mater.[37][38] The U.S. Justice Department subsequently set guidelines forbidding such requirements as components of out-of-court corporate crime settlements.[39]
In June 2009, Christie was called before the House Judiciary Committee as part of its consideration of new regulations on deferred prosecution agreements. In his testimony, he defended his decisions to award no-bid, high-paying federal monitoring contracts to law firms that his critics say constitute a conflict of interest. Christie left the meeting after two and a half hours of questioning, against the requests of the Committee's chairman, stating that he had to attend to pressing business in New Jersey.[29][40]
Claims of partisan attacks[link]
Christie has been criticized for subpoenaing Senator Robert Menendez during his contested 2006 campaign, just two months before the election.[41][42] Christie's aides have insisted that they initiated the action in response to an article that appeared in The Record, which reported that in 1994, when Menendez was a U.S. Representative, he had leased his former home to a social service agency that he had helped obtain federal financing.[41] The non-profit group paid Menendez more than $300,000 over nine years to rent the building. Menendez claims to have cleared the arrangement with the Congressional ethics office, a step that had also been reported previously by New Jersey newspapers.[41] According to Menendez, just prior to signing the rental lease, he cleared it by phone with a lawyer on the staff of the United States House Committee on Standards of Official Conduct. Following the subpoena, the lawyer, who no longer works with the Committee, came forward to say that while she doesn’t recall the conversation, it probably happened—and that if she were advising Menendez now, she would tell him—as she apparently did then—that there was nothing improper about the arrangement.[43] As of August 2009, nothing has come from the investigation.[41]
Cell phone monitoring and alleged entrapment[link]
In 2005, Christie prosecuted the Hemant Lakhani terrorism case, in which the defendant claimed that he had been entrapped. In that case, Christie's office relied on an informant who had been dismissed by the FBI as unreliable for fabricating claims of terrorist activity. For more than a year, the informant, working with the U.S. attorney's office, solicited Lakhani for access to arms. Lakhani was unable to obtain anything until an undercover agent contacted him and supplied him with a fake missile. In an interview with the public radio program This American Life,[44] Christie brushed off suggestions that Lakhani was entrapped by law enforcement, defending the Lakhani prosecution.
In April 2009, the ACLU publicized records showing that Christie had obtained court orders authorizing warrantless cellphone tracking of people in 79 instances. Christie responded that the practice was legal and court approved. An ACLU attorney stated that federal law does not address cell phone or GPS use in surveillance and added that the ACLU believes a law requiring warrants for such use is needed.[45]
Governor of New Jersey[link]
See also: New Jersey gubernatorial election, 2009
Main article: Governorship of Chris Christie
Christie filed as a candidate for the office of Governor on January 8, 2009.[46] In the primary on June 2, Christie won the Republican nomination with 55% of the vote, defeating conservative opponents Steve Lonegan and Rick Merkt.[47] He then chose Kimberly Guadagno, Monmouth County sheriff, to complete his campaign ticket as a candidate for lieutenant governor. On November 3, Christie defeated Corzine by a margin of 48.5% to 44.9%, with 5.8% of the vote going to independent candidate Chris Daggett.[48]
Christie took office as Governor of New Jersey on January 19, 2010. He chose not to move his family into "Drumthwacket", the official governor's mansion, and instead resides in a private Mendham, New Jersey, residence.
On February 9, 2010, he signed Executive Order No. 12, which placed a 90-day freeze on the Council on Affordable Housing (COAH) and established the Housing Opportunity Task Force to examine the State's affordable housing laws, constitutional obligations, and the effectiveness of the current framework.[49]
On February 11, 2010, Christie signed Executive Order No. 14, which declared a "state of fiscal emergency exists in the State of New Jersey" due to the projected $2.2 billion budget deficit for the current fiscal year (FY 2010).[50] In a speech before a special joint session of the New Jersey Legislature on the same day, Christie addressed the budget deficit and revealed a list of fiscal solutions to close the gap. Christie also suspended funding for the Department of the Public Advocate and called for its elimination.[51] Some Democrats criticized Christie for not first consulting them on his budget cuts and for circumventing the Legislature's role in the budget process.[52] In late June 2011, Christie utilized New Jersey's line item veto to eliminate nearly $1 billion from the proposed budget, signing it into law just hours prior to the July 1, 2011, beginning of the state's fiscal year.[53]
On August 25, 2010, the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services announced $400 million in federal Race to the Top education grants to New Jersey would not be funded due to a clerical error in the state's application made by an unidentified mid-level state official. Christie responded by saying the Obama administration bureaucracy had overstepped its authority and that the error lay in an administration failure to communicate with the New Jersey government.[54] However, information later came to light that the issue had already been raised with Christie's Education Commissioner Bret Schundler, and in response Christie had asked for Schundler's resignation; Schundler initially agreed to resign, but the following morning asked to be fired instead, citing his need to claim unemployment benefits. Schundler maintains that he told Christie the truth and that Christie is misstating what actually occurred.[55] The New Jersey Education Association rebuked Christie by suggesting that his rejection of a compromise worked out by Schundler with the teachers' union on May 27 was to blame.
During his second year in office, Christie signed into law a payroll tax cut that is projected to save workers $190 million in taxes. Effective for calendar year 2012, the tax cut approved by Christie authorizes the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development to calculate a new payroll deduction rate to finance the Temporary Disability Insurance (TDI) fund. As a result, most workers will see their TDI income tax reduced from $148 to $61 per year, for a savings of $87 per worker. The changes took effect on January 1, 2012.[56] The authorizing legislation was sponsored by Senator Shirley Turner of Lawrenceville.
On January 23, 2012, Christie filed the first nomination to the New Jersey Supreme Court of an openly gay man, Bruce Harris, and an Asian American, Phillip Kwon. [57] Kwon's nomination was rejected by the Senate Judiciary Committee, the first gubernatorial nominee for the Supreme Court in modern times to fail to be approved. [58] Two months later, the Senate Judiciary rejected the nomination of Bruce Harris, purportedly on grounds that he lacked courtroom experience. [59] The partisan impasse over Christie's appointments to fill the vacancies on the New Jersey Supreme Court continues.
On February 17, 2012, he vetoed a bill that would have legalized same sex marriage in New Jersey. He stated his belief that such a change requires a constitutional amendment and asked the legislature to provide for a referendum on the issue. He also called for creation of an ombudsman to ensure compliance with the state's existing civil union law.[60]
Continuing the tradition of earlier New Jersey governors since the 1980s, Christie traveled to Israel in April 2012.[61][62] Media reported his itinerary as including Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Tiberius, and the Golan Heights.[63][64] The official title given to the trip was "Jersey to Jerusalem Trade Mission: Economic Growth, Diplomacy, Observance".[65] The visit to Israel was Christie's first official overseas trip since taking office.[66] During the visit, which included meetings with Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and President Shimon Peres, Christie commented that "[Jerusalem] has never been better or freer than under Israeli control."[67][68] From Israel Christie continued with his family to Jordan, as guests of King Abdullah II.[69]
Consideration of presidential run in 2012 election[link]
Christie was the subject of ongoing speculation that he would attempt a run for President of the United States in 2012 by competing in the Republican primaries. He consistently denied any interest in launching a presidential bid. In September 2011, a number of press stories cited unnamed sources indicating Christie was reconsidering his decision to stay out of the race. An Associated Press story dated September 30 indicated a decision on whether he would run for president in 2012 would be made "soon".[70] In a late September speech at the Reagan Library, he had again said he was not a candidate for president, but the speech also coincided with his "reconsideration" of the negative decision. One commentator at that time reviewed reported support from David H. and Charles G. Koch, Kenneth Langone, and others for Christie's potential candidacy.[22] Retired GE CEO Jack Welch went on Charlie Rose to articulate his and others' support for a candidacy,[71] and Langone went on the interview show October 4.[72]
On October 4, 2011, Christie acknowledged he had in fact reconsidered his decision but then, again, declined to run.[73] It was "for real this time", as one report put it. "Now is not my time," Christie said.[74] "New Jersey, whether you like it or not, you're stuck with me," Christie added in the one-hour Trenton press conference held to announce the decision.[75]
On October 11, 2011, Christie endorsed Mitt Romney for President of the United States.[76]
References[link]
- ^ Resignation Letter from Christopher J. Christie to Michael Mukasey, dated November 17, 2008.
- ^ "Times Topics: Christopher J. Christie", The New York Times, February 12, 2008.
- ^ a b Martin, John P. (May 23, 2009). "Christie: A need to lead, honed by family and success". The Star-Ledger. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/05/christie_a_need_to_lead_honed.html. Retrieved May 24, 2009.
- ^ "Sondra A. Christie Obituary", The Star Ledger, May 3, 2004.
- ^ Christie, Chris (May 19, 2010), "Governor Christie: Style", YouTube
- ^ "Governor Christie Today Show Profile", YouTube, October 20, 2010
- ^ http://www.politicalfamilytree.com/samples%20content/members/candidates_2009-10/Christie-NJ-1.pdf
- ^ http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~battle/celeb/christie.htm
- ^ "Gov. Chris Christie heads home to Livingston to talk taxes". The Trentonian. Associated Press. December 8, 2010. Retrieved February 24, 2011. "Gov. Chris Christie hosts his 16th town hall in his hometown of Livingston Wednesday to talk about proposals to help New Jersey towns control property taxes."
- ^ "Rutgers University graduates largest class, gives N.J. Gov. Chris Christie traditional honorary degree". NJ.com. May 16, 2010
- ^ "Monmouth University graduates, alumni protest Gov. Chris Christie as graduation speaker". NJ.com
- ^ Margolin, Josh (January 3, 2010). "Mary Pat Christie readies for role as state's first lady". NJ.com. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/01/mary_pat_christie_readies_for.html. Retrieved October 2, 2011.
- ^ "Governor Christie". State of New Jersey. http://www.state.nj.us/governor/admin/about/. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
- ^ Rogers, Alison (January 20, 2012). "Anybody Home? Governor’s Mansions Around the U.S. Sit Empty: New Jersey". Time. http://moneyland.time.com/2012/01/23/anybody-home-governors-mansions-around-the-u-s-sit-empty/#new-jersey. Retrieved February 8, 2012.
- ^ Mulvihill, Geoff (May 29, 2009). "Christie's 1st political foray was bumpy". USA Today. http://content.usatoday.net/dist/custom/gci/InsidePage.aspx?cId=thedailyjournal&sParam=30858801.story. Retrieved July 28, 2009.
- ^ Heininger, Claire (May 11, 2009). "GOP candidate Chris Christie launched political career as Morris County freeholder". The Star-Ledger. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/05/gop_candidate_chris_christie_l.html. Retrieved Aug 25, 2009.
- ^ Pizarrom, Max (Dec 29, 2008). "A political career in three parts: Chris Christie, the freeholder". PolitickerNJ.com. http://www.politickernj.com/max/26275/political-career-three-parts-chris-christie-freeholder. Retrieved Aug 25, 2009.
- ^ Margolin, Josh (August 26, 2009). "Christie, Corzine duel over outsider label". The Star-Ledger. http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/jersey/index.ssf?/base/news-14/1251251115315720.xml&coll=1. Retrieved August 29, 2009.
- ^ Mansnerus, Laura (August 26, 2001), "New Jersey G.O.P. and Legal Elite Differ on U.S. Attorney", The Star-Ledger, http://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/26/nyregion/new-jersey-gop-and-legal-elite-differ-on-us-attorney.html, retrieved March 25, 2009
- ^ Kirkpatrick, David D.; Rutenberg, Jim (March 29, 2007), "E-Mail Shows Rove’s Role in Fate of Prosecutors", The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/29/washington/29rove.html?pagewanted=all, retrieved August 26, 2009
- ^ a b Halbfinger, David M.; Kocieniewski, David (September 23, 2009). "For Christie, Family Tie No Candidate Can Relish". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/24/nyregion/24christie.html?hp. Retrieved October 17, 2009.
- ^ a b Delamaide, Darrell (September 28, 2011), "The billionaire’s choice: Christie for president", MarketWatch, Retrieved September 28, 2012.
- ^ Editorial (November 17, 2008), "An impressive resume", The Star-Ledger, http://blog.nj.com/njv_editorial_page/2008/11/an_impressive_resume.html, retrieved March 25, 2009
- ^ Smothers, Ronald (October 4, 2002). "Former New Jersey Official Admits Extorting Bribes". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/04/nyregion/former-new-jersey-official-admits-extorting-bribes.html. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
- ^ Smothers, Ronald (May 31, 2003), "Treffinger Pleads Guilty To Corruption", The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/31/nyregion/treffinger-pleads-guilty-to-corruption.html, retrieved March 25, 2009
- ^ Kocieniewski, David (September 15, 2006), "Guilty Plea Expected From Former Senate Leader in Trenton", The New York Times, http://travel.nytimes.com/2006/09/15/nyregion/15lynch.html, retrieved July 20, 2009
- ^ Jeff Whelan, and John P. Martin (April 16, 2008), "Newark ex-mayor Sharpe James is convicted of fraud", The Star-Ledger, http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2008/04/newark_ex_mayor_sharpe_james_convicted.html, retrieved March 25, 2009
- ^ Livio, Susan K. (November 19, 2008), "Ex-lawmaker Wayne Bryant is found guilty of bribery", The Star-Ledger, http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/index.ssf/2008/11/exlawmaker_bryant_guilty_of_br.html, retrieved July 20, 2009
- ^ a b c Kocieniewski, David (June 26, 2009), "In Testy Exchange in Congress, Christie Defends His Record as a Prosecutor", The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/26/nyregion/26christie.html, retrieved July 25, 2009
- ^ Associated Press (April 7, 2009), "Candidate for N.J. guv is under fire", The New York Times, http://www.philly.com/dailynews/national/42571227.html, retrieved July 27, 2009 [dead link]
- ^ Halbfinger, David (May 5, 2009), "Corzine Allies Plan Attack in G.O.P. Primary", The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/06/nyregion/06newjersey.html, retrieved June 17, 2009
- ^ Smothers, Ronald (April 14, 2005), "Federal Prosecutor's Brother Among 20 Charged in Trading Scheme", The New York Times, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=980DE0D9133EF937A25757C0A9639C8B63l, retrieved September 22, 2009
- ^ John P. Martin, and Jeff Whelan (January 10, 2008), "$52M-plus payday for Christie's old boss", The Star-Ledger, http://blog.nj.com/ledgerarchives/2008/01/52mplus_payday_for_christies_o.html, retrieved March 25, 2009
- ^ John P. Martin, and Jeff Whelan (November 19, 2007), "Ashcroft's firm to collect $52M to monitor implant case", The Star-Ledger, http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2007/11/when_us_attorney_christopher_c.html, retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ Friedman, Matt (June 25, 2009), "Zimmer lawyer complained of Ashcroft fees", PolitickerNJ.com, http://www.politickernj.com/matt-friedman/30892/zimmer-lawyer-complained-ashcroft-fees, retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ Shenon, Philip (March 11, 2008), "New Guidelines Ahead of Ashcroft Testimony", The New York Times, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/11/washington/11ashcroft.html, retrieved March 25, 2009
- ^ Reisinger, Sue (May 21, 2008), "New DOJ Policy: Just Call it the Christopher Christie Amendment", Law.com, http://www.law.com/jsp/article.jsp?id=1202421573691, retrieved June 2, 2009
- ^ Martin, John P.; Margolin, Josh (November 18, 2008), "Christie quits, setting GOP wheels in motion", The Star-Ledger, http://blog.nj.com/ledgerarchives/2008/11/christie_quits_setting_gop_whe_1.html, retrieved July 20, 2009
- ^ Paul Cox (March 25, 2009), "N.J. GOP gubernatorial candidate Chris Christie's deferred prosecution agreements", nj.com, http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2009/06/nj_gop_gubernatorial_candidate.html, retrieved July 23, 2009
- ^ Heininger, Claire (June 19, 2009), "GOP candidate Chris Christie agrees to testify before Congress on federal monitoring contracts", The Star-Ledger, http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/06/gop_candidate_chris_christie_a_2.html, retrieved August 2, 2009
- ^ a b c d Kocienniewski, David (February 13, 2008). "Usually on Attack, U.S. Attorney in Newark Finds Himself on the Defensive". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/13/nyregion/13christie.html. Retrieved May 28, 2009.
- ^ Harowitz, Jason (October 15, 2006), "Prosecutor Makes a Meal of N.J. Senate Race", The New York Observer, http://www.observer.com/node/39582, retrieved November 5, 2009
- ^ Novak, Viveca (October 31, 2006), "Sopranos Lite? Casting Menendez in a Culture of Corruption", FactCheck.org, http://www.factcheck.org/elections-2006/sopranos_lite_casting_menendez_in_a_culture.html, retrieved May 28, 2009
- ^ "Arms Trader 2009". This American Life. episode 387. season 15. August 7, 2009. 50:45 minutes in. Chicago Public Radio. http://www.thisamericanlife.org/Radio_Episode.aspx?sched=1310. Retrieved August 11, 2009.
- ^ Heininger, Claire (April 23, 2009). "ACLU says Chris Christie authorized warrantless cellphone tracking". The Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ). http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/04/aclu_says_chris_christie_autho.html. Retrieved July 24, 2009.
- ^ Margolin, Josh; Alloway, Kristen (January 8, 2009). "Christopher Christie files to run for New Jersey governor". The Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ). http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/01/christopher_christie_files_to.html. Retrieved March 25, 2009.
- ^ Halbfinger, David M. (June 2, 2009). "Ex-Prosecutor Wins G.O.P. Primary in New Jersey". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/03/nyregion/03elect.html?ref=todayspaper. Retrieved June 3, 2009.
- ^ "Official General Election Results". New Jersey Division of Elections. http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2009results/09general/09-official-general-election-gov-lt-gov-tallies-120109.pdf. Retrieved December 2, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Governor Christie Executive Order No. 12". February 9, 2010. http://nj.gov/infobank/circular/eocc12.pdf. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
- ^ "Governor Christie Executive Order No. 14". February 11, 2010. http://nj.gov/infobank/circular/eocc14.pdf. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
- ^ "FY 2010 Budget Solutions Press Release". February 11, 2010. http://www.state.nj.us/governor/news/news/552010/pdf/FY2010BudgetSolutions0219.pdf. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
- ^ "N.J. Democrats blast Gov. Chris Christie for circumventing Legislature". NJ.com. February 11, 2010. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/02/nj_democrats_slam_christie_for.html. Retrieved February 14, 2010.
- ^ Renshaw, Jarrett (July 2, 2011). "Outrage boils over Christie's line-item veto cuts". The Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ). http://www.nj.com/sunbeam-news/index.ssf/2011/07/outrage_boils_over_christies_l.html. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
- ^ Friedman, Matt (August 25, 2010). "Gov. Christie blames Washington bureaucracy for state's failed 'Race to the Top' application". NJ.com. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2010/08/gov_christie_blames_washington.html. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
- ^ Katz, Matt (August 28, 2010). "Christie fires education chief Schundler after U.S. aid mistake". The Philadelphia Inquirer. http://www.philly.com/inquirer/front_page/20100828_Christie_fires_education_chief_Schundler_after_U_S__aid_mistake.html. Retrieved July 5, 2011.
- ^ Hester, Tom, Sr. (October 17, 2011). "Change in N.J. payroll tax deduction rate to save workers an average of $87 in 2012 ". New Jersey Newsroom.
- ^ "Gov. Christie nominates two for state Supreme Court, including gay African-American mayor". NJ.com. January 23, 2012. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/01/gov_christie_nominates_two_for.html. Retrieved January 23, 2012.
- ^ Baxter, Christopher (3/25/2012). "In rejecting Supreme Court nominee Phillip Kwon, Dems send Gov. Christie a message". Star Ledger. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/03/in_rejecting_supreme_court_nom.html. Retrieved 4/27/12.
- ^ Karmasek, Jessica (June 1, 2102) LegalNewsline.com [1]
- ^ "N.J. Gov. Christie vetoes gay marriage bill as vowed". USA Today. Associated Press. February 17, 2012. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2012-02-17/gay-marriage-new-jersey/53136648/1. Retrieved February 17, 2012.
- ^ "The Record: Christie and Israel". NorthJersey.com. April 1, 2012. http://www.northjersey.com/news/opinions/145465355_Christie_and_Israel.html. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
- ^ "Gov. Christie In Israel for 'Trade Mission'". New York: WNYW. April 1, 2012. http://www.myfoxny.com/dpp/news/gov-christie-in-israel-for-trade-mission-20120401. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
- ^ Haddon, Heather (April 1, 2012). "Christie Takes Trade Mission to Jerusalem". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303816504577318000362267114.html. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
- ^ Portnoy, Jenna (April 1, 2012). "Visit to Jerusalem puts Christie on world stage". NJ.com. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/04/visit_to_jerusalem_puts_christ.html. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
- ^ "Christie, family going to Israel, Jordan on trade mission". Asbury Park Press. March 29, 2012. http://www.app.com/article/20120328/NJNEWS10/303280115?odyssey=mod%7Cmostcom. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
- ^ "Gov. Chris Christie's trip to Israel gets under way; plans meeting with prime minister". The Republic. The Associated Press (Columbus, IN). April 2, 2012. http://www.therepublic.com/view/story/8cf36d0213ec41978bb1520414efa811/NJ--Christie-Israel/. Retrieved April 2, 2012.
- ^ Portnoy, Jenna (April 4, 2012]]). "Gov. Christie: Israeli control is best for proper worship at holy sites". New Jersey On-Line. http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/04/gov_christie_israeli_control_i.html. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
- ^ "Christie to Peres: NJ Wants More Ties With Israel". NewsMax.com. Bloomberg News. April 3, 2012. http://www.newsmax.com/US/christie-peres-ties-israel/2012/04/03/id/434676. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
- ^ Reitmeyer, John (April 7, 2012). "Christie keeps a lower profile on Jordan trip". NorthJersey.com. http://www.northjersey.com/news/christiejordan040712.html. Retrieved April 7, 2012.
- ^ DeFalco, Beth (September 30, 2011). "AP Sources: Christie Soon to Decide on Primary Run". Associated Press. ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/wireStory/apnewsbreak-christie-decide-2012-bid-14643134. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
- ^ "Update on the 2012 Republican Presidential Candidates". Charlie Rose. September 29, 2011. Interview with Republican consultant Matthew Dowd, Welch, and reporter Nia-Malika Henderson. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
- ^ "Kenneth Langone", Charlie Rose, October 4, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
- ^ O'Brien, Michael (October 4, 2011). "Christie will not run for President". msnbc.com. http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/10/04/8145647-christie-will-not-run-for-president. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
- ^ "A Timeline of Christie and the 2012 Decision", New York: WNBC. October 4, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
- ^ Memmott, Mark, "N.J. Gov. Christie Says No To Run For GOP Presidential Nomination". NPR. October 4, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
- ^ "Christie Endorses Romney Ahead of GOP Debate". Fox News. October 11, 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/10/11/christie-to-endorse-romney-for-president/. Retrieved October 14, 2011.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chris Christie |
- Office of the Governor official state site
- Governor Christie on Twitter
- Biography at the National Governors Association
- Biography, interest group ratings, public statements, vetoes and campaign finances at Project Vote Smart
- Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
- Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
- Campaign contributions at FollowTheMoney.org
- Appearances on C-SPAN programs
- Appearances at the Internet Movie Database
- Collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
- Collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Profile at Notable Names Database
- Chris Christie Speech at the Reagan Library: Full Text, National Review, September 27, 2011
| Legal offices | ||
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| Preceded by Robert Cleary |
United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey 2002–2008 |
Succeeded by Ralph Marra Acting |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Douglas Forrester |
Republican nominee for Governor of New Jersey 2009 |
Most recent |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Jon Corzine |
Governor of New Jersey 2010–present |
Incumbent |
| United States order of precedence | ||
| Preceded by Joe Biden as Vice President |
Order of Precedence of the United States Within New Jersey |
Succeeded by Mayor of city in which event is held |
| Succeeded by Otherwise John Boehner as Speaker of the House of Representatives |
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| Preceded by Tom Corbett as Governor of Pennsylvania |
Order of Precedence of the United States Outside New Jersey |
Succeeded by Nathan Deal as Governor of Georgia |
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Christie, Christopher J. |
| Alternative names | Chris Christie |
| Short description | 55th Governor of New Jersey, former U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey |
| Date of birth | September 6, 1962 |
| Place of birth | Newark, New Jersey, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Chris_Christie
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Christie
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other people named Chris Matthews, see Chris Matthews (disambiguation).
 |
This article may be unbalanced towards certain viewpoints. Please improve the article by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the talk page. (December 2011) |
| Chris Matthews | |
|---|---|
 Matthews at the 2011 Time 100 Gala. |
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| Born | Christopher John Matthews (1945-12-17) December 17, 1945 (age 66) Somerton, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Ethnicity | Irish |
| Education | College of the Holy Cross |
| Occupation | News anchor and political commentator |
| Notable credit(s) | Hardball with Chris Matthews The Chris Matthews Show |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
| Spouse | Kathleen Matthews |
| Relatives | Montgomery County, PA County Commissioner Jim Matthews (brother) |
Christopher John "Chris" Matthews (born December 17, 1945) is an American news anchor and political commentator known for his nightly hour-long talk show, Hardball with Chris Matthews, which is televised on the American cable television channel MSNBC. On weekends he hosts the syndicated NBC News–produced panel discussion program The Chris Matthews Show. Matthews makes frequent appearances on many other NBC and MSNBC programs. On March 22, 2009, Matthews renewed the contract for Hardball with Chris Matthews through 2012.[1]
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Matthews was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Irish American parents and is a Roman Catholic.[2] He attended La Salle College High School. He is a 1967 graduate of the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts, and did graduate work in economics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.[3][4]
Matthews served in the United States Peace Corps in Swaziland from 1968 to 1970[5] as a trade development adviser.
Career[link]
Political career and views[link]
When Matthews first arrived in Washington, D.C., he worked as a police officer with the United States Capitol Police.[6] Subsequently, he served on the staffs of four Democratic members of Congress, including Senators Frank Moss and Edmund Muskie. In 1974, he mounted an unsuccessful campaign for Pennsylvania's 4th congressional district seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in which he received about 24% of the vote in the primary.[7] Matthews was a presidential speechwriter during the Carter administration and later worked for six years as a top aide to longtime Speaker of the House of Representatives Tip O'Neill, playing a direct role in many key political battles with the Reagan administration.
Despite having worked for Democrats, Matthews has said, "I'm more conservative than people think I am.... I voted for George W. in 2000."[8] Salon.com has called him the "most conservative voice" on MSNBC's primetime lineup.[9] Matthews has been accused by media watchdogs[10] of having panels of guests that skew to the right and of supporting Republicans in his own questions and comments.[11][12] Conversely, he is also often criticized by conservatives for his opposition to the Iraq War among other stances he took against the Bush administration.
On the April 14, 2008, edition of The Colbert Report, Matthews alluded to a possible run for the United States Senate from Pennsylvania. When directly questioned by Stephen Colbert about his intentions, he stated that there is a difference between celebrities and those who work for the people, and it's a greater thing to work for the people. He also said that his boyhood dream was to be a senator. Four days later, on April 18, 2008, Matthews told Bill Maher that he has "made a commitment to covering politics in a liberal way, starting in 1987, and [he is] honoring that commitment, not getting involved in it."[13] The seat in question was the one held by Sen. Arlen Specter, whose term in the Senate ended in January 2011. On November 28, 2008, Fivethirtyeight.com and The Politico reported that Matthews had been in contact with senior staffers of Barack Obama's campaign about a possible run.[14][15] On January 7, 2009, The New York Times reported that Matthews told his staffers that he would not run for the Senate.[16] On May 25, 2009 Chris Matthews appeared on Charlie Rose where he stated that he was intending to run for Specter's Senate seat in 2010, stating, "I could see myself winning the Democratic primary and I could see myself going on to face Arlen in the general [election]," but that he felt he had to decide between being a journalist and being a politician once Specter became a national figure by supporting the stimulus.
While discussing proposed healthcare reform on the December 17, 2009, edition of Hardball, Matthews stated, "The Republicans will know they have lost.... Let them keep score and it's easy. It's complicated when liberals get to keep score. We're always arguing. Well, I'm a liberal, too."[17][18]
Author and talk show host[link]
Matthews worked in print media for 15 years, spending 13 years as Washington, D.C. bureau chief for the San Francisco Examiner (1987–2000) and two years as a nationally syndicated columnist for the San Francisco Chronicle. Matthews covered the fall of the Berlin Wall, the first all-races election in South Africa, and the Good Friday Peace Talks in Northern Ireland. In 1997 and 1998, his research in the National Archives produced a series of exclusives on the Nixon presidential tapes. Matthews has covered American presidential election campaigns since 1988.
In 1997, Matthews began his own talk show, Hardball with Chris Matthews, which originally aired on CNBC but is currently on MSNBC. Hardball features pundits and elected officials as guests.
In 2002, The Chris Matthews Show began airing in syndication. The show is formatted as a political roundtable consisting of four journalists and Matthews, who serves as the moderator. He is estimated to earn more than $5 million a year. He also wrote a book called Hardball.[19]
Personal life[link]
Matthews has been married since 1980 to Kathleen Matthews, who anchored News 7 on WJLA-TV, the ABC affiliate in Washington, D.C., before accepting a position as an executive vice president with J.W. Marriott. The couple have three children: Michael, Thomas, and Caroline. His brother Jim Matthews, a Republican, is a county commissioner in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.
In 2002, Matthews was hospitalized with malaria, which he evidently contracted on one of his visits that year to Africa.[citation needed] He has also had other health problems, including diabetes (which he acknowledged having on the Hardball broadcast of December 7, 2009) and pneumonia.[20]
Criticisms and controversy[link]
Liberal blogger Glenn Greenwald has called Matthews "the most vivid example of all that is wrong with political coverage," saying "[H]e’s endlessly obsessed with personality-based politics and likes to promote the strong, masculine tough guy who you can have a beer with, versus the nerdy loser. And he has a cast of characters who go on his show, like Newsweek’s Howard Fineman, who gush over the maleness of the Republican candidates and warn Democrats about how that has real appeal to American voters. Most political reporters judge candidates on the basis of the likeability factor—Matthews is just more explicit about it."[21]
Others have criticized Matthews for talking too much on air, not letting his guests talk, and often talking over and interrupting them. One who also worked in the Carter Administration has written: "Generally in those days Chris was a relatively quiet person around the White House, and in meetings or briefings would frequently say very little, or nothing at all. I guess he's making up for lost time—or 'lost talk'—now. Nevertheless, I'm a big fan of his show, always fascinating without fail—at least if you're a political junkie."[22]
The progressive media watchdog group Media Matters for America named Matthews its 2005 "Misinformer of the Year," citing statements he made in support of President George W. Bush.[23]
On January 9, 2008, the morning after Hillary Clinton's surprise victory in the New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary, Matthews appeared on MSNBC's Morning Joe program and said of Clinton,
| “ | I'll be brutal, the reason she's a U.S. senator, the reason she's a candidate for president, the reason she may be a front-runner is her husband messed around. That's how she got to be senator from New York. We keep forgetting it. She didn't win there on her merit. | ” |
The comments were criticized by such media figures as Bill O'Reilly, Joy Behar, and Gloria Steinem.[24][26][27] They also resulted in protests outside NBC's Washington, D.C., studios as well as a joint letter of complaint to NBC from the National Organization for Women, Feminist Majority, and the National Women's Political Caucus. Matthews apologized for the comments on the January 17, 2008, edition of Hardball.[27]
After Matthews and Keith Olbermann made controversial on-air comments during the 2008 Republican National Convention, NBC News correspondent David Gregory replaced them, but Matthews and Olbermann continued working as analysts.[28] On November 4–5, he teamed with Rachel Maddow, Eugene Robinson, David Gregory, and Keith Olbermann to cover the presidential election.
On February 12, 2008, during MSNBC's coverage of the Potomac primary, Matthews had this to say about then presidential candidate Barack Obama:
| “ | I have to tell you, you know, it's part of reporting this case, this election, the feeling most people get when they hear Barack Obama's speech. My, I felt this thrill going up my leg. I mean, I don't have that too often.[29] | ” |
This led some on the political right to assert that both he and MSNBC were biased toward Obama.[30]
On November 6, 2008, he was a guest on the MSNBC television program Morning Joe, wherein he stated, "I want to do everything I can to make this thing work, this new presidency work." Host Joe Scarborough asked if that was his job as a journalist. "Yeah, that’s my job. My job is to help this country," Matthews replied.[31]
On December 1, 2009, preceding Obama's speech announcing a troop increase in Afghanistan, Matthews criticized the president for choosing the United States Military Academy as his venue, referring to it as "the enemy camp."[32] Soon after, Matthews apologized for his remarks, saying, "[To] the cadets, their parents, former cadets, and everyone who cares about this country and those who defend it: I used the wrong words and worse than that I said something that is just not right and for that I deeply apologize."[33]
In January 2010, in Matthews's comments after President Obama's first State of the Union Address, he said, "You know, I forgot he was black tonight for an hour."[34][35][36][37][38] The next day, on the Rachel Maddow show, Matthews clarified his remarks, saying, "I think he’s taken us beyond black and white in our politics, wonderfully so, in just a year."[39]
Bibliography[link]
- Matthews, Christopher (2011). Jack Kennedy: Elusive Hero. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-1-4516-3508-9.
- Matthews, Christopher (2007). Life’s a Campaign: What Politics Has Taught Me About Friendship, Rivalry, Reputation, and Success (1st ed. ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-6528-8.
- Matthews, Christopher (2002). American: Beyond Our Grandest Notions. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-4086-3.
- Matthews, Christopher (2001). Now, Let Me Tell You What I Really Think (1st ed. ed.). New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-684-86236-0.
- Matthews, Christopher (1999). Hardball: How Politics Is Played, Told By One Who Knows the Game (1st Touchstone ed. ed.). New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84559-8.
- Matthews, Christopher (1996). Kennedy & Nixon: The Rivalry that Shaped Postwar America. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-81030-1.
References[link]
- ^ Carter, Bill (2009-03-23). "Senate Notions gone, Matthews Extends Contract at MSNBC". MSNBC. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/23/business/media/23matthews.html?_r=1&partner=rss&emc=rss/. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
- ^ White, Deborah. "Profile of Chris Matthews, Host of MSNBC's Hardball". About.com. http://usliberals.about.com/od/thepressandjournalist1/p/CMatthews.htm. Retrieved 2010-06-22.
- ^ "Chris Matthews - Meet the faces of MSNBC- msnbc.com". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3080432/ns/msnbc_tv-meet_the_faces_of_msnbc/. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- ^ "Chris Matthews (American)". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1574257/Chris-Matthews. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ^ http://www.parade.com/news/slideshows/editors-pick/famous-peace-corps-volunteers.html 9 Famous Peace Corps Volunteers, Parade magazine, accessed August 22, 2011
- ^ Matthews, Chris. "American attitude – Hardball with Chris Matthews". MSNBC. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3080601/. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
- ^ "PA District 04 – D Primary". OurCampaigns.com. 1974-03-21. http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=284778. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
- ^ October 3, 2003, and February 23, 2004, editions of Hardball
- ^ Kornacki, Steve (2011-01-21) Is Olbermann the victim of his own success?, Salon.com
- ^ S, A (2005-05-31). "Matthews's statements defy conservatives' claims that he is a "liberal Democrat"". Media Matters for America. http://mediamatters.org/items/200505310005. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
- ^ Gitlen, Todd (2006-03-23). "The Harder He Blows". The American Prospect. http://www.prospect.org/web/page.ww?section=root&name=ViewWeb&articleId=11345. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
- ^ B, J (2006-01-06). "Matthews trumpeted comparatively small Abramoff client donations to Sen. Clinton, virtually ignoring larger donations given to Bush, Hastert". Media Matters for America. http://mediamatters.org/items/200601070003. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
- ^ [ Bill Maher ] » Realtime ~ 18/04/08
- ^ Quinn, Sean (2008-11-28). "Chris Matthews Staffing Up for Probable Senate Run in 2010". Fivethirtyeight.com. http://www.fivethirtyeight.com/2008/11/chris-matthews-running-for-pennsylvania.html. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
- ^ Kraushaar, Josh; Michael Calderone (2008-12-04). "Chris Matthews Inches Toward Senate Run". The Politico (CBS News). http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/12/04/politics/politico/main4647022.shtml. Retrieved 2008-12-19.
- ^ Carter, Bill (2009-01-07). "Host of ‘Hardball’ Decides Against Senate Race". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/08/business/media/08mathews.html?ref=media. Retrieved 2009-01-08.
- ^ No Kidding: Chris Matthews Admits, 'I'm a Liberal' http://www.thefoxnation.com/chris-matthews/2009/12/18/chris-matthews-im-liberal
- ^ "'Hardball with Chris Matthews' for Thursday, December 17th, 2009". MSNBC. 2009-12-18. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/34483277/ns/msnbc_tv-hardball_with_chris_matthews/. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
- ^ Kurtz, Howard (2008-02-14). "HardBrawl". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/02/13/AR2008021303418_5.html?tid=informbox. Retrieved 2008-04-23.
- ^ Hardball with Chris Matthews, MSNBC, August 19, 2008.
- ^ Silverstein, Ken (02-21-2008) Six Questions for Glenn Greenwald, Harper's
- ^ John Gingles, "A Personal Memoir", Washington, D.C., 2007.
- ^ "Chris Matthews: 2005's Misinformer of the Year". Media Matters for America. 2005-12-23. http://mediamatters.org/research/200512230005. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
- ^ a b By SteveK on Jan 10, 2008 12:30 PM (2008-01-10). "Matthews Credits Hillary's Success to Fact That Bill "Messed Around" - mediabistro.com: TVNewser". mediabistro.com. http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/msnbc/matthews_credits_hillarys_success_to_fact_that_bill_messed_around_74705.asp. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- ^ "Chris Matthews sorry for 'sexist' comments - Michael Calderone". Politico.Com. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0108/7961.html. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- ^ McCarthy, Justin. "Joy Behar Call Chris Matthews' Comments 'Inappropriate'". NewsBusters.org. http://newsbusters.org/blogs/justin-mccarthy/2008/01/10/joy-behar-call-chris-matthews-comments-inappropriate. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- ^ a b Kurtz, Howard (2008-01-18). "Chris Matthews Backs Off 'Nasty' Remark on Clinton". washingtonpost.com. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/17/AR2008011702828.html. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- ^ "Chris Matthews, Keith Olbermann". Chicago Tribune. September 8, 2008. http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/chi-chris-matthews-keith-olbermann-080908-ht,0,302527.story. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
- ^ "Chris Matthews: "I Felt This Thrill Going Up My Leg" As Obama Spoke". huffingtonpost.com. 2008-02-13. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/02/13/chris-matthews-i-felt-thi_n_86449.html. Retrieved 2009-10-29.
- ^ "Bernie Goldberg on 'Love Affair' Between Obama and Media - Hannity". FOXNews.com. 2009-01-27. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,483568,00.html. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- ^ "I want to do everything I can to make this thing work, this new presidency work."
- ^ Matthews: Obama Made Speech At 'Enemy Camp,' Cheney Is A 'Troll'
- ^ Matthews: Obama Made Speech At 'Enemy Camp,' Cheney Is A 'Troll' (VIDEO) UPDATED
- ^ Think Progress (2010-01-27). "Chris Matthews on Obama during SOTU: ‘You know, I forgot he was black tonight for an hour.’". Think Progress. http://thinkprogress.org/2010/01/27/matthews-obama-black/. Retrieved 2010-02-23.
- ^ State of the Union coverage. MSNBC. January 27, 2010. Event occurs at 0:10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmVGeEvXyoU. Retrieved May 12, 2010. ""I was trying to think about who he was tonight. It's interesting: he is postracial, by all appearances. You know I forgot he was black tonight for an hour.""
- ^ Calderone, Michael (January 27, 2010). "Matthews: 'I forgot he was black tonight for an hour'". Politico.com. http://www.politico.com/blogs/michaelcalderone/0110/Matthews_I_forgot_he_was_black_tonight_for_an_hour.html. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
- ^ Washington, Jesse (January 28, 2010). "Analysis: Do Blacks Truly Want to Transcend Race?". The Associated Press. http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory?id=9691134. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
- ^ Netter, Sarah (January 28, 2010). "State of the Union Not Immune From Racial Innuendo". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/story?id=9687089. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
- ^ Calderone, Michael (January 28, 2010). "Matthews clarifies: Obama's 'taken us beyond black and white'". Politico.com. http://www.politico.com/blogs/michaelcalderone/0110/Matthews_clarifies_Obamas_taken_us_beyond_black_and_white.html. Retrieved May 10, 2010.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chris Matthews |
- Hardball with Chris Matthews
- The Chris Matthews Show
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Chris Matthews on Charlie Rose
- Chris Matthews at the Internet Movie Database
- Chris Matthews collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Works by or about Chris Matthews in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Chris Matthews at the Notable Names Database
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Matthews, Chris |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American journalist |
| Date of birth | 1945-12-17 |
| Place of birth | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Chris_Matthews
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Matthews
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
