- published: 11 Jan 2013
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- Paula Jones
- Philip Johnson
- Plains Indians
- Ralph Waldo Emerson
- Richard Nixon
- Richard Rorty
- Robert Nozick
- Ronald Reagan
- Rosa Parks
- Roy Lichtenstein
- Rufus Yerxa
- Saddam Hussein
- Sergey Lavrov
- Stephen Sondheim
- Tennessee Williams
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Thomas Eakins
- Thomas Edison
- Thomas Jefferson
- Thomas Pynchon
- Toni Morrison
- Tony Blair
- Walt Disney
- Walt Whitman
- Willem de Kooning
- William Faulkner
- William Hague
- William Halsall
- William James
- World War I
- Wright brothers
- Lyrics: play full screen play karaoke
- S - Shakira
- Not A Problem - S
- I'm Fine... Bye Bye - S
- You Decide Part 2 - S
- This Is Love - S
- The Message - S
- We Are Not Friends - S
- Wait - S
- Try - S
- This Way Always - S
- Sometimes I Feel Like Throwing Up - S
- See Through Me - S
- Save You - S
- Save Me - S
- Sadstyle - S
- Pathetic - S
- I Love You Too - S
- Falling - S
- Everyone Else - S
- Away Around This - S
- Anti-Love Song - S
- The Coffin Of Your True Love - S
- Another X-mas Without You - S
Este nuevo amanecer
Es abrir la puerta de mis años
Sin saber por que
Esta vida nunca pasa en vano
Siempre hay un después
Y vivir en este mundo
Es algo muy difícil de ejercer.
Busco eternas primaveras
Que renazcan a la vida
Huracán de emociones
Me confunden, me dominan.
Mi vida es transparente todavía
La flor que se abre a plena luz del día
Mi primer amor
Lo siento tan directo al corazón.
Hoy descubro que es amar
Un abrazo, una caricia plena
Algo mas que dar
Es el sueño que ahora me libera
Mi otra verdad
En mis quince soy mujer en realidad.
Busco eternas primaveras
Que renazcan a la vida
Huracán de emociones
Me confunden, me motivan.
Mi vida es transparente todavía
La flor que se abre a plena luz del día
Mi primer amor
Lo siento tan directo al corazón.
Another forced out smile
Another stupid story
Breakfast in the bathroom
I can’t do this one more day
What’s in my back pocket
What happened to my face
Some years I cant remember
They don’t seem so far away
Putting on my headphones
Walking down the stairs
I thought I might be dying
But it’s just too hard to change
Don’t think about the next day now
its all that I can bear
Cant see how we do it
It’s not a problem
It’s not fair
There’s so much more to tell you;
All the bad things that I've done today
And then again tomorrow
But I swallowed it away
And I just kept on drinking
I wasn’t even talking
I surely wasn’t making
so you decide to get up today
not that it matters anyway.
and you know
you'll drive yourself insane someday.
there's a good chance it might be today.
i'm almost done here. [x4]
so you wake up feeling stupid.
what did you do?
who did you call?
friends remind you what you told them
and the bruises all make sense now.
and you wake up feeling stupid.
what did you do?
who did you call?
and the bruises all make sense now.
and it feels like it's all gone. [x3]
(i'm trying to go slow
i'm trying to make you notice
i'm trying to make it to your show on time
i don't know why you think you can get away with
something like that
____ so goddamn cool)
then i think of you
and i think about _
__ good they are
i'm trying ____
i think about how you looked at her that day
i think about how she looked at me just looking at you
both
looking so goddamn cool
remember what exactly i'm looking for
to break your heart or is it my heart i want broken so
And your legs are running
Running all over this town
and I will try to catch you
(I’ll try ) I’ll try to slow you down
It’s impossible to think
or just say how I will act
when I come right out and tell you
this is love and that’s a fact
well this is love and that’s a fact x2
this is love.
its unfortunate that all your friends are junkies
I will not mock or judge them
‘cos once or twice I’ve been there too
Learn to lose a lot from love
Learn to try and try again
Learn to be the one that helps
Learn to not give up on friends
Learn to not give up on friends
Learn to not give up on friends
Learn to not give up
I’ve wanted you for so long
thoughts of you they fill my heart
we should take off all our clothes
I’m sure you’re the one for me
I’ll catch up to you some day
or maybe you’ll just slow down
And I will ask if I’m the one
If you could ever really ever be with me x7
Could you really ever be with me
And this is how
it all ended
with a message
and pretending
There is nothing
I could say now
You won’t listen
You shut me out
Its not always
about you
I will not stand
to go through this
‘cause your angry
and I’m meeting
all the silence
cos I’m crazy
and the tv
doesn’t help me
I am needy
so don’t make things
all about me
This is awkward
and im nervous
I took your hand
and ran with it
To the rumour?
So I will write out all the words
To all the songs that hold mysteries
And everything that could go wrong
All the trouble and the …..?
Im blaming all the things I could
On every one around me
And in my head I knew its over
But it will take me four more days
And ill consider 15 hours
And ill consider not going crazy
I gave it everything I had
and left it all….?
And we are not friends
And I have gave you
A million signs
And I have begged you
Plese don’t hold this against you
I am not well
I cant do this
I am sorry I am leaving
There is nothing you can say
And after all that could have been
Were still fighting for our stories
And I wish all my friends could all
Laugh with each other
And all my friends
Could all cheer with each other
And my friends could all
Forgive each other
And all my friends could all
And I will wait
And I will wait
For you to call or come home
I will wait
Thinking only good things
I will wait
And I will wait
(Wait for you)
And I will wait
For you to call or come home
I will wait
Thinking only good things
I will wait
I will wait
I will wait
I will wait for you
I will wait
For you to call or come home
I will wait
Thinking only good things
I will wait
I will wait
And I will wait
This is the last time
I will wait
I said this is the last time
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today
And everything will be alright today (I will wait)
And everything will be alright today (I will wait)
And everything will be alright today (For you to call
or come home)
And everything will be alright today (I will wait)
And everything will be alright today (Thinking only
good things)
And everything will be alright today (I will wait)
And everything will be alright today (For you to call
or come home)
And everything will be alright today (I will wait)
And everything will be alright today (Thinking only
watch the days go by here
it's getting to and won't come through
my friends left me for someone new
and i am still just confused
____
but some things just won't come out right
i started not to try
someone please remind me
i'll trust what we wish was true sometimes
in the end we'll all just feel dumb
and now i'm stuck in this
i'm so bored
nothing's ever worth it.
i'll watch it all go by.
and i'll wait for you to smile.
I need to find just one thing
To believe, to make it through
Just today, just for now
That has nothing to do with you
I guess I miss you
Just as much as I don't like you
Like I hold a little time
I just can't grab on to
Or even find
I'll just say, I'll just tell you
I feel awful when I'm around you
I'll be screaming when I walk away thinking of your
face
I wish I loved like I did
Like you use to
It's overwhelming
I feel backwards when you leave
'Cause I don't fit in here
And you never know
'Cause I don't fit in here
And you never know
I might feel better if I hit somebody
Instead of just admitting that I need somebody
Guess I always thought I'd have you to hold onto
And now you're gone
I need for you to look at me
And feel alone, and feel bad
And all the times you thought you cared
(This is the only way I'm ever really getting through
you)
'Cause I don't fit in here
And you never know
'Cause I don't fit in here
And you never know
And it feels this way always
Every time you come around here
And it feels this way always
Every time I open my mouth
And it feels this way always
Every time you come around here
And it feels this way always
Every time I open my mouth
And it feels this way always
Every time you come around here
And it feels this way always
i've been sitting here for an hour.
i guess you just forgot to say hello
pretend that you never saw me here.
so someone broke your heart,
i'm breaking mine.
'cause you just don't have enough _
to know it's done.
i don't think you understand how this feels.
i haven't called you in a week.
yeah, i know it's a been a long time.
no, nothing, nevermind.
i was just talking to myself.
'cause you really don't deserve
to know how i feel anyway.
you can just go home and play all of
your stupid rock and roll
try on all your brand new leather pants
'cause damn, they look so good on you now.
i still don't get why you asked me to call.
i guess you had too much to drink
and you needed someone else to want you.
this isn't fun anymore.
it's all just a little too much karma
coming back to get me all at once.
so i won't look to see if you're still here
when i _
although it doesn't matter that much to me.
you can do that sexy dance
to make sure everyone still wants you
when the night is over
and you still don't have someone to
and you can just go home all by yourself
and play that music really loud
so no one hears you when you start to cry all by
yourself.
i've done it all to myself this time.
and i've done it to myself again
i've done it all to myself this time.
there's no one else to blame.
you're just in my way.
and if i see you, it can make me have a bad day.
please just go away.
there's no one else to blame here
you're just in my way
sometimes i feel like throwing up
please just go home.
'cause i've done it to myself
there's no one else to blame here.
talk to myself more
figure out exactly what went wrong
and you'll be yourself
tell me how much there that i'm just myself
could be lying
and i would never know
please
i'm sorry i just can't pull that off
i'm not
really just fit just fine
i'm not as beautiful as you
maybe you can play guitar
maybe you could be my wife
maybe you could always show up on time
please
really doesn't seem like
you're not what i'm waiting for
oh god, this is just so retarded
'cause i'll probably change my mind.
someday i know things have to get better.
someday i know things have to get better.
someday i know things have to get better.
i'm just
met this girl
in some band and she was rocking out like _
'cause she's a rock star
please
i'm not lying
did you think _
she won't talk to me
I really should have seen it coming
Don't know why I feel betrayed
Kind of knew that when you left me
I would be the one you blamed
How you never thought about it
And just what you put me through
If you think I think you're lying
Well, it's all because of you
And you were there and I was dreaming
I found all of your cocaine
And I thought you would be sorry
And I thought I'd feel the same
I would wake up again crying
Thinking 'what a stupid game'
So you think you might stop drinking
Holding onto all these things
And you are not here
And I need you
And you are not here
And I need you
And you are not here…
And we'll go back
And we'll go back
And we'll see what might have been
And we'll see what might have been
And we'll go back
And we'll go back
And we'll see what might have been
And we'll see what might have been
And I will be the one who will come to save you
And I will be the one who will always save you
And I will be the one who will come to save you
And this song
Couldn’t be about now
I see it
In the way you talk about yourself
I gave up
And I drink until my insides all fall out
I’ve killed time
And I wouldn’t want to know
You think you know me
As done back in mid 2003
And I laugh now
I’ve been laughing this whole goddamn time
Someone save me
Someone save me
Please please save me
Someone save me
Someone save me
Dear God someone save me
Someone please save me
Someone save me
Oh please save me
Please someone save me
Someone please save me
Someone save me
Someone save me
I’ve sat in circles
I cannot ….
I’ve seen in mirrors
And I’ve seen everything so close
Something different
But the words I couldn’t bare
The look in your face
Thinking as I said this was the end
Someone save me
Someone save me
Please please save me
Someone save me
Someone save me
Dear God someone save me
Someone please save me
Someone save me
Oh please save me
Please someone save me
Someone please save me
Someone save me
Maybe if I did something real
You would like me more
And all of this would just go away
So please don't give it a second thought
'Cause I never did when I met you
Well, I guess it's all come back to me now
And you're all so sad
And that's just too bad
'Cause you always had
That chance to make it
Better in your head (head)
And I don't want her and I can't have her (If you knew
exactly how I felt)
Of course that's what they said (You wouldn't like me
anymore)
And you always do what they say
But of course you'll always do what they say
And you're all I want in this world
And you're all I think of all the time
I don't know why (Seems to like me)
Making everyone mad
They didn't like me
And you're all so sad and it's just too bad
'Cause you always had
That chance to make things (I wanted you to like me)
Seem better (I wanted you to like me)
In your own head (I wanted you to like me)
But of course you always do what they say
And of course you always do what they do
This girl is in a rock show
She'll rock it out like no one can
I'll stare at her
'Cause she's a rock star
She won't talk to me
'Cause she's a rock star
'Cause she's a rock star
'Cause she's a rock star
'Cause she's a rock star
'Cause she's a rock star
'Cause she's a rock star
what will you do with me?
i don't believe this really makes me sad.
if this was fun, i wouldn't do this.
i'm trying to be fair.
are you missing something?
did you lose the game?
are you missing last year?
just get away.
did it mess you up?
this wasn't in the plan.
i wish you weren't trying to do this.
you might hate me for it later.
are you missing last year?
are you missing me?
so i've lost this game.
please go away.
please go away.
i hope you feel like you've lost this game.
i hope you feel like you're missing something.
i hope you cry when you get home. [x4]
and the more i hear the more i want to leave this town
behind and leave all of you crying all over someone
that you just can't have again love again drink again
find someone else that you know,
cause you know it will make you feel better cause you
better feel something why else would you be here?
just say, "i love you sweet-heart."
i'll be yours tonight
just say, "i love you sweet-heart."
i'll make you stronger.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
i'm sorry if you all have some sexual confusion
it's too late for that can't you see what you've done?
i don't sleep with my friends i don't lie when i need
it i'm doing my best not to lead you on.
it's just too bad that i've been there myself and it's
just too bad that i'm so much like all of you.
just say, "i love you sweet-heart."
it's not wrong at all
just say, "i love you sweet-heart."
i want to make you stronger and
you won't be wrong at all this time.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
it's not wrong at all.
can't even breathe in here i can't even look at you
tell me how it feels when they all start to laugh at
you tell me how it feels when they all start to laugh
at you tell me how it feels when they all start to
laugh at you tell me how it feels when they all start
to laugh at you
when they all start to laugh at you
lost again
disappear from everyone
stuck between
where i need to go
and where i'm going.
they always said it was stupid.
don't you know that's the only way to hurt me?
and i guess i'll go away now
if all i can do is hurt you.
it's all what you think it is
it's all the same in my head.
forget myself in this
forget myself in this
forget myself from everything.
please forgive me.
they always said it was stupid.
don't you know that's the only way to hurt me?
and i guess i'll go away now.
we'd all like to think that we're the pretty one
and we'd all like to think that what we do is better than
what everyone else does
and we'd all like to think that we can get the girl
and we'd all like to think that we're the unselfish one
why can it be good until someone else likes it?
and why can't it be good if everyone else has it?
and why do we all think everyone's in love with us?
and why do we say "it's better" when we know we're the
best?
'cause we'd all like to think that we're the pretty one
and we'd all like to think that what we do is better than
what everyone else does
and we'd all like to think that we can get the girl
and we'd all like to think that we're the unselfish one
why do we act so humble when we're all just hung up on
ourselves?
why do we act so humble when we're all just hung up on
ourselves?
why do we act so humble when we're all just hung up on
ourselves?
what do i act so humble?
I go to the show
I guess I'll see you there
I hope that your down
I'm waiting for it
And we'll sing a song
Remembering when
It feels the same now
I'll never grow up
The x on your eyes
I'm smiling and nod now
I miss how it was
But I won’t forget
I'm happy for you
Like I was when you told me
We'll just leave them there and
Never look back
And this could be
The way you wanted
But I don't think there's a way around this
Whoever thought we'd both end up here
Remembering everyone who’s loved us
We got it all, now you’re back to see more
I’m really glad that I’m with you this time
And there was a time
I thought I would make it
I thought I would leave you
I thought you'd forget
And I can be the one you wanted
All of the time
Everything you dream of
I wish I knew where I fucked up with you
And you could know I would be here waiting
I think you know I'd do anything for you
No matter what, at this point, it’s worth it
You never know who you’ll end up with here
So that day when you all realize
It was never worth it
The pain in your eyes would be enough
To make me smile
To make me smile
So don't you say that I don't feel sorry for you anymore
You told me too much and that's always the worst mistake
to make
So that's what you get for falling in love
And that's what you get for trusting her that much
'Cause don't you say that I don't feel sorry for you
It seems all my friends have been falling for someone
these days
And that kind of thing just really isn't my scene
And I don't regret ever sending you that Christmas card
And I don't regret never telling you goodbye.
And I am such a liar
'Cause if I could have it my way
I'd tell you everything
And this whole thing is driving me insane
Never see you around
i could know that you're lying sometimes.
i guess so you can get through this time.
you could be more aware than all them.
{i don't care}
i could be more aware
{someone told}
than you think.
{the one i love}
don't forget the one you love.
don't forget the one you love.
you're such a joke.
of everyone
just take a look
just give up, i don't care.
i should've told the one i love.
am i just someone new in this game?
guess we won't know till the end.
_ just confuse why i'm here,
'cause you don't feel the same.
{should've told the one i love}
the one i love
the one i love
turn it on, turn it on
don't forget the one you love
get it off, get it off
don't forget the one you love
did you always do what they say?
{don't forget the one you love}
get it off, get it off
did you always do what they say?
{don't forget the one you love}
turn it on, turn it on
maybe it's the rain.
maybe it's my head.
maybe it's not sad.
maybe it's not like yesterday.
we can just be friends.
i guess it's my turn now.
let me buy you a drink.
i'm glad we figured this all out.
i didn't expect to cry
i didn't expect you to say that
didn't know what you thought
i didn't want to feel used.
but of course i'll be there watching you want them
wanting to tell them
telling you nothing.
but of course i'll be there
telling you nothing
telling you nothing
telling you nothing.
maybe it's the rain.
maybe it's not sad.
it's all upside down.
it's all turned around.
i'm all inside out.
and i'm going down.
but of course i'll be there watching you want them
wanting to tell them
telling you nothing.
nothing to say.
but of course i'll be there
watching you want them
wanting to tell them
telling you nothing
nothing to say
nothing to say
Send this Playlist by SMS
The Saturdays - What About Us
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 03 Jun 2013
The new single 'What About Us' available on US iTunes now http://smarturl.it/WhatAboutUs Catch the brand new TV show 'Chasing The Saturdays' premiering on E!...
http://wn.com/The_Saturdays_What_About_Us
The new single 'What About Us' available on US iTunes now http://smarturl.it/WhatAboutUs Catch the brand new TV show 'Chasing The Saturdays' premiering on E!...
Regina Spektor - "Us" [OFFICIAL Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 02 Jun 2013
Regina's official music video for "Us" directed by Adria Petty. Regina's new album 'What We Saw from the Cheap Seats' is available now: http://smarturl.it/wh...
http://wn.com/Regina_Spektor_Us_OFFICIAL_Video_
Regina's official music video for "Us" directed by Adria Petty. Regina's new album 'What We Saw from the Cheap Seats' is available now: http://smarturl.it/wh...
- published: 13 Nov 2006
- views: 7352198
- author: ReginaSpektor
Where US Politics Came From: Crash Course US History #9
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:57
- Updated: 02 Jun 2013
In which John Green teaches you where American politicians come from. In the beginning, soon after the US constitution was adopted, politics were pretty non-...
http://wn.com/Where_US_Politics_Came_From_Crash_Course_US_History_9
In which John Green teaches you where American politicians come from. In the beginning, soon after the US constitution was adopted, politics were pretty non-...
- published: 04 Apr 2013
- views: 170108
- author: crashcourse
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - CAN'T HOLD US FEAT. RAY DALTON (OFFICIAL MUSIC VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:04
- Updated: 03 Jun 2013
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis present the official music video for Can't Hold Us feat. Ray Dalton. Can't Hold Us on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/cant-...
http://wn.com/MACKLEMORE_RYAN_LEWIS_CAN'T_HOLD_US_FEAT_RAY_DALTON_OFFICIAL_MUSIC_VIDEO
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis present the official music video for Can't Hold Us feat. Ray Dalton. Can't Hold Us on iTunes: https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/cant-...
- published: 17 Apr 2013
- views: 47990544
- author: Ryan Lewis
Leaked Document: Military Internment Camps in U.S to be Used for Political Dissidents
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:37
- Updated: 02 Jun 2013
Internment camps for political dissidents in the U.S. aren't a conspiracy theory. The Department of Defense document entitled "INTERNMENT AND RESETTLEMENT OP...
http://wn.com/Leaked_Document_Military_Internment_Camps_in_US_to_be_Used_for_Political_Dissidents
Internment camps for political dissidents in the U.S. aren't a conspiracy theory. The Department of Defense document entitled "INTERNMENT AND RESETTLEMENT OP...
- published: 04 Mar 2013
- views: 374480
- author: StormCloudsGathering
Us - In the End (Linkin Park Cover)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 01 Jun 2013
http://HaveYouHeardOfUs.com "In the End" - iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/in-the-end-single/id533980850?uo=4 For international users, download here...
http://wn.com/Us_In_the_End_Linkin_Park_Cover
http://HaveYouHeardOfUs.com "In the End" - iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/in-the-end-single/id533980850?uo=4 For international users, download here...
- published: 07 Jun 2012
- views: 925449
- author: MichaelAlvaradoMusic
Injustice Gods Among Us Cutscenes / Cinematics Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 109:10
- Updated: 02 Jun 2013
Click Here For Better Version!▻ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIIXWDz0A7E.
http://wn.com/Injustice_Gods_Among_Us_Cutscenes_Cinematics_Movie
Click Here For Better Version!▻ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIIXWDz0A7E.
- published: 16 Apr 2013
- views: 725629
- author: Izuniy
Russia & US to pressure both sides in Syria to find peace deal - Lavrov
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Updated: 22 May 2013
Russia and the US reiterated their commitment to bringing the sides of the Syrian conflict to the negotiating table, and have announced an international conf...
http://wn.com/Russia_US_to_pressure_both_sides_in_Syria_to_find_peace_deal_Lavrov
Russia and the US reiterated their commitment to bringing the sides of the Syrian conflict to the negotiating table, and have announced an international conf...
- published: 07 May 2013
- views: 9940
- author: RT
Prince Harry pays tribute to US war dead
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:06
- Updated: 28 May 2013
Prince Harry, in the dress uniform of his British army regiment, laid a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington Friday and paid tribute to US ...
http://wn.com/Prince_Harry_pays_tribute_to_US_war_dead
Prince Harry, in the dress uniform of his British army regiment, laid a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Arlington Friday and paid tribute to US ...
- published: 10 May 2013
- views: 6159
- author: AFP Videos - English
The Last of Us: Meet the Infected
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 29 May 2013
I'm ready for The Last of Us. This morally grey gem from the brilliant minds at Naughty Dog combines exploration, scavenging, and brutal hide-and-seek combat...
http://wn.com/The_Last_of_Us_Meet_the_Infected
I'm ready for The Last of Us. This morally grey gem from the brilliant minds at Naughty Dog combines exploration, scavenging, and brutal hide-and-seek combat...
- published: 06 May 2013
- views: 130765
- author: PlayStation.Blog
Injustice: Gods Among Us - Lobo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Updated: 01 Jun 2013
Lobo the "Main Man" enters the arena! What if our greatest heroes became our greatest threat? Injustice: Gods Among Us is an all-new game by award-winning Ne...
http://wn.com/Injustice_Gods_Among_Us_Lobo
Lobo the "Main Man" enters the arena! What if our greatest heroes became our greatest threat? Injustice: Gods Among Us is an all-new game by award-winning Ne...
- published: 27 Apr 2013
- views: 545362
- author: InjusticeGame
U.S. Soldier Survives Taliban Machine Gun Fire During Firefight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Updated: 03 Jun 2013
No rounds penetrated his body armor, and he made it home with no permanent injuries. This happened in Kunar Province, Afghanistan. *READ* From the cameraman:...
http://wn.com/US_Soldier_Survives_Taliban_Machine_Gun_Fire_During_Firefight
No rounds penetrated his body armor, and he made it home with no permanent injuries. This happened in Kunar Province, Afghanistan. *READ* From the cameraman:...
- published: 26 Sep 2012
- views: 24955237
- author: FUNKER530
Raw: UK's Prince Harry Visits US Capitol
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:36
- Updated: 14 May 2013
Britain's Prince Harry visited Capitol Hill Thursday, visiting an exhibit about land mines, a cause dear to his late mother. The visit opened a week-long tri...
http://wn.com/Raw_UK's_Prince_Harry_Visits_US_Capitol
Britain's Prince Harry visited Capitol Hill Thursday, visiting an exhibit about land mines, a cause dear to his late mother. The visit opened a week-long tri...
- published: 09 May 2013
- views: 2711
- author: Associated Press
Injustice: Gods Among Us -- Batgirl Reveal Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:39
- Updated: 02 Jun 2013
In this trailer Batgirl is revealed as the next DLC character for Injustice: Gods Among Us. Developer: NetherRealm Studios Release: 2013 Genre: Fighting Plat...
http://wn.com/Injustice_Gods_Among_Us_-_Batgirl_Reveal_Trailer
In this trailer Batgirl is revealed as the next DLC character for Injustice: Gods Among Us. Developer: NetherRealm Studios Release: 2013 Genre: Fighting Plat...
- published: 09 May 2013
- views: 182455
- author: machinima
The Saturdays- What About Us (Lyrics)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Updated: 02 Jun 2013
Artist: The Saturdays Song: What About Us? Album: What About Us- Single Year: 2012 ***LINK TO MY "HELL YEAH" BY MIDNIGHT RED LYRIC VIDEO***: http://www.youtu...
http://wn.com/The_Saturdays_What_About_Us_Lyrics
Artist: The Saturdays Song: What About Us? Album: What About Us- Single Year: 2012 ***LINK TO MY "HELL YEAH" BY MIDNIGHT RED LYRIC VIDEO***: http://www.youtu...
- published: 26 Jan 2013
- views: 892745
- author: D031N1C1
The Last of Us E3 2012 Gameplay
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:23
- Updated: 03 Jun 2013
Joel and Ellie are attempting to get to the bridge and out of the city. They are tourists in an area that's controlled by hunters. They are hunted and yet th...
http://wn.com/The_Last_of_Us_E3_2012_Gameplay
Joel and Ellie are attempting to get to the bridge and out of the city. They are tourists in an area that's controlled by hunters. They are hunted and yet th...
- published: 05 Jun 2012
- views: 4381403
- author: PlayStation
Age of Jackson: Crash Course US History #14
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:05
- Updated: 02 Jun 2013
In which John Green teaches you about the presidency of Andrew Jackson So how did a president with astoundingly bad fiscal policies end up on the $20 bill? T...
http://wn.com/Age_of_Jackson_Crash_Course_US_History_14
In which John Green teaches you about the presidency of Andrew Jackson So how did a president with astoundingly bad fiscal policies end up on the $20 bill? T...
- published: 09 May 2013
- views: 155090
- author: crashcourse
The U.S. Government is Broke!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 34:07
- Updated: 21 May 2013
[TWITTER] https://twitter.com/RealAlexJones [FACEBOOK] https://www.facebook.com/AlexanderEmerickJones NEW ITEM** [ProOne Water & Fluoride Filter] The ProOne ...
http://wn.com/The_US_Government_is_Broke!
[TWITTER] https://twitter.com/RealAlexJones [FACEBOOK] https://www.facebook.com/AlexanderEmerickJones NEW ITEM** [ProOne Water & Fluoride Filter] The ProOne ...
- published: 10 May 2013
- views: 15502
- author: Alex's Official Channel
Injustice Gods Among Us - History of Lobo Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:40
- Updated: 07 May 2013
Reveal trailer -
Lobo is now available on PSN and Xbox Live.
http://wn.com/Injustice_Gods_Among_Us_History_of_Lobo_Trailer
Reveal trailer -
Lobo is now available on PSN and Xbox Live.
- published: 07 May 2013
- views: 1994
RSA Animate - Drive: The surprising truth about what motivates us
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:48
- Updated: 02 Jun 2013
This lively RSA Animate, adapted from Dan Pink's talk at the RSA, illustrates the hidden truths behind what really motivates us at home and in the workplace....
http://wn.com/RSA_Animate_Drive_The_surprising_truth_about_what_motivates_us
This lively RSA Animate, adapted from Dan Pink's talk at the RSA, illustrates the hidden truths behind what really motivates us at home and in the workplace....
- published: 01 Apr 2010
- views: 10597537
- author: The RSA
The Guillotines Official US Release Trailer #1 (2013) - Action Movie HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:56
- Updated: 02 Jun 2013
Subscribe to TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/sxaw6h Subscribe to COMING SOON: http://bit.ly/H2vZUn Like us on FACEBOOK: http://goo.gl/dHs73 The Guillotines Official ...
http://wn.com/The_Guillotines_Official_US_Release_Trailer_1_2013_Action_Movie_HD
Subscribe to TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/sxaw6h Subscribe to COMING SOON: http://bit.ly/H2vZUn Like us on FACEBOOK: http://goo.gl/dHs73 The Guillotines Official ...
- published: 10 May 2013
- views: 206773
- author: movieclipsTRAILERS
![B.o.B - Both of Us ft. Taylor Swift [Official Video]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130603100528im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/1sa9qeV6T0o/default.jpg "B.o.B - Both of Us ft. Taylor Swift [Official Video]")
B.o.B - Both of Us ft. Taylor Swift [Official Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Updated: 03 Jun 2013
iTunes [Album]: https://bitly.com/BoBStrangeClouds B.o.B's Store: http://atlr.ec/L0kRz1 Follow: https://twitter.com/bobatl Like: http://fb.com/bobatl Site: h...
http://wn.com/BoB_Both_of_Us_ft_Taylor_Swift_Official_Video_
iTunes [Album]: https://bitly.com/BoBStrangeClouds B.o.B's Store: http://atlr.ec/L0kRz1 Follow: https://twitter.com/bobatl Like: http://fb.com/bobatl Site: h...
- published: 27 Jun 2012
- views: 23371078
- author: bobatl
Dan Ariely: What makes us feel good about our work?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:27
- Updated: 01 Jun 2013
What motivates us to work? Contrary to conventional wisdom, it isn't just money. But it's not exactly joy either. It seems that most of us thrive by making c...
http://wn.com/Dan_Ariely_What_makes_us_feel_good_about_our_work?
What motivates us to work? Contrary to conventional wisdom, it isn't just money. But it's not exactly joy either. It seems that most of us thrive by making c...
- published: 10 Apr 2013
- views: 114006
- author: TEDtalksDirector
This article is about the United States of America. For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation).
| United States of America | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
| Motto: In God We Trust (official) E Pluribus Unum (traditional) (Latin: Out of Many, One) |
||||||
Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner" |
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.svg) |
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| Capital | Washington, D.C. 38°53′N 77°01′W / 38.883°N 77.017°W / 38.883; -77.017 |
|||||
| Largest city | New York City | |||||
| Official language(s) | None at federal level[a] | |||||
| National language | English (de facto)[b] | |||||
| Demonym | American | |||||
| Government | Federal presidential constitutional republic | |||||
| - | President | Barack Obama (D) | ||||
| - | Vice President | Joe Biden (D) | ||||
| - | Speaker of the House | John Boehner (R) | ||||
| - | Chief Justice | John Roberts | ||||
| Legislature | Congress | |||||
| - | Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - | Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| Independence | from the Kingdom of Great Britain | |||||
| - | Declared | July 4, 1776 | ||||
| - | Recognized | September 3, 1783 | ||||
| - | Current constitution | June 21, 1788 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 9,826,675 km2 [1][c](3rd/4th) 3,794,101 sq mi |
||||
| - | Water (%) | 6.76 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2012 estimate | 313,802,000[2] (3rd) | ||||
| - | Density | 33.7/km2 87.4/sq mi |
||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $15.094 trillion[3] (1st) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $48,386[3] (6th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $15.094 trillion[3] (1st) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $48,386[3] (15th) | ||||
| Gini (2007) | 45.0[1] (39th) | |||||
| HDI (2011) |  0.910[4] (very high) (4th) |
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| Currency | United States dollar ($) (USD) |
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| Time zone | (UTC−5 to −10) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | (UTC−4 to −10) | ||||
| Date formats | m/d/yy (AD) | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Internet TLD | .us .gov .mil .edu | |||||
| Calling code | +1 | |||||
| ^ a. English is the official language of at least 28 states—some sources give a higher figure, based on differing definitions of "official".[5] English and Hawaiian are both official languages in the state of Hawaii.
^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language. ^ c. Whether the United States or China is larger is disputed. The figure given is from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook. Other sources give smaller figures. All authoritative calculations of the country's size include only the 50 states and the District of Columbia, not the territories. ^ d. The population estimate includes people whose usual residence is in the fifty states and the District of Columbia, including noncitizens. It does not include either those living in the territories, amounting to more than 4 million U.S. citizens (mostly in Puerto Rico), or U.S. citizens living outside the United States. |
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.svg)
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries.[6] The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity).[3][7] Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.[3]
Indigenous peoples descended from forebears who migrated from Asia have inhabited what is now the mainland United States for many thousands of years. This Native American population was greatly reduced by disease and warfare after European contact. The United States was founded by thirteen British colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their right to self-determination and their establishment of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated the British Empire in the American Revolution, the first successful colonial war of independence.[8] The current United States Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a stronger central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.
Through the 19th century, the United States displaced native tribes, acquired the Louisiana territory from France, Florida from Spain, part of the Oregon Country from the United Kingdom, Alta California and New Mexico from Mexico, and Alaska from Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over the expansion of the institution of slavery and states' rights provoked the Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, its national economy was the world's largest.[9] The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. It emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for 41% of global military spending,[10] and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.[11]
Contents |
Etymology[link]
See also: Names for United States citizens
In 1507, German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere "America" after Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci.[12] The former British colonies first used the country's modern name in the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the "unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America".[13] On November 15, 1777, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation, which states, "The Stile of this Confederacy shall be 'The United States of America'." The Franco-American treaties of 1778 used "United States of North America", but from July 11, 1778, "United States of America" was used on the country's bills of exchange, and it has been the official name ever since.[14]
The short form "United States" is also standard. Other common forms include the "U.S.", the "USA", and "America". Colloquial names include the "U.S. of A." and, internationally, the "States". "Columbia", a once popular name for the United States, derives from Christopher Columbus; it appears in the name "District of Columbia".
The standard way to refer to a citizen of the United States is as an "American". Although "United States" is the official appositional term, "American" and "U.S." are more commonly used to refer to the country adjectivally ("American values", "U.S. forces"). "American" is rarely used in English to refer to people not connected to the United States.[15]
The phrase "United States" was originally treated as plural—e.g., "the United States are"—including in the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865. It became common to treat it as singular—e.g., "the United States is"—after the end of the Civil War. The singular form is now standard; the plural form is retained in the idiom "these United States".[16]
Geography and environment[link]
Main articles: Geography of the United States, Climate of the United States, and Environment of the United States
The land area of the contiguous United States is approximately 1,900 million acres (7,700,000 km2). Alaska, separated from the contiguous United States by Canada, is the largest state at 365 million acres (1,480,000 km2). Hawaii, occupying an archipelago in the central Pacific, southwest of North America, has just over 4 million acres (16,000 km2).[17] The United States is the world's third or fourth largest nation by total area (land and water), ranking behind Russia and Canada and just above or below China. The ranking varies depending on how two territories disputed by China and India are counted and how the total size of the United States is measured: calculations range from 3,676,486 square miles (9,522,055 km2)[18] to 3,717,813 square miles (9,629,091 km2)[19] to 3,794,101 square miles (9,826,676 km2).[1] Including only land area, the United States is third in size behind Russia and China, just ahead of Canada.[20]
The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard gives way further inland to deciduous forests and the rolling hills of the Piedmont. The Appalachian Mountains divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest. The Mississippi–Missouri River, the world's fourth longest river system, runs mainly north–south through the heart of the country. The flat, fertile prairie of the Great Plains stretches to the west, interrupted by a highland region in the southeast. The Rocky Mountains, at the western edge of the Great Plains, extend north to south across the country, reaching altitudes higher than 14,000 feet (4,300 m) in Colorado. Farther west are the rocky Great Basin and deserts such as the Chihuahua and Mojave. The Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges run close to the Pacific coast. At 20,320 feet (6,194 m), Alaska's Mount McKinley is the tallest peak in the country and in North America. Active volcanoes are common throughout Alaska's Alexander and Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands. The supervolcano underlying Yellowstone National Park in the Rockies is the continent's largest volcanic feature.[21]
The United States, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types. To the east of the 100th meridian, the climate ranges from humid continental in the north to humid subtropical in the south. The southern tip of Florida is tropical, as is Hawaii. The Great Plains west of the 100th meridian are semi-arid. Much of the Western mountains are alpine. The climate is arid in the Great Basin, desert in the Southwest, Mediterranean in coastal California, and oceanic in coastal Oregon and Washington and southern Alaska. Most of Alaska is subarctic or polar. Extreme weather is not uncommon—the states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes, and most of the world's tornadoes occur within the country, mainly in the Midwest's Tornado Alley.[22]
The U.S. ecology is considered "megadiverse": about 17,000 species of vascular plants occur in the contiguous United States and Alaska, and over 1,800 species of flowering plants are found in Hawaii, few of which occur on the mainland.[23] The United States is home to more than 400 mammal, 750 bird, and 500 reptile and amphibian species.[24] About 91,000 insect species have been described.[25] The Endangered Species Act of 1973 protects threatened and endangered species and their habitats, which are monitored by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. There are fifty-eight national parks and hundreds of other federally managed parks, forests, and wilderness areas.[26] Altogether, the government owns 28.8% of the country's land area.[27] Most of this is protected, though some is leased for oil and gas drilling, mining, logging, or cattle ranching; 2.4% is used for military purposes.[27]
Political divisions[link]
Main article: U.S. state
Further information: Territorial evolution of the United States and United States territorial acquisitions
The United States is a federal union of fifty states. The original thirteen states were the successors of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule. Early in the country's history, three new states were organized on territory separated from the claims of the existing states: Kentucky from Virginia; Tennessee from North Carolina; and Maine from Massachusetts. Most of the other states have been carved from territories obtained through war or purchase by the U.S. government. One set of exceptions comprises Vermont, Texas, and Hawaii: each was an independent republic before joining the union. During the American Civil War, West Virginia broke away from Virginia. The most recent state—Hawaii—achieved statehood on August 21, 1959.[28] The states do not have the right to secede from the union.
The states compose the vast bulk of the U.S. land mass; the two other areas considered integral parts of the country are the District of Columbia, the federal district where the capital, Washington, is located; and Palmyra Atoll, an uninhabited but incorporated territory in the Pacific Ocean. The United States also possesses five major overseas territories: Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands in the Caribbean; and American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific.[29] Those born in the major territories (except for American Samoa) possess U.S. citizenship.[30] American citizens residing in the territories have many of the same rights and responsibilities as citizens residing in the states; however, they are generally exempt from federal income tax, may not vote for president, and have only nonvoting representation in the U.S. Congress.[31]
History[link]
Main article: History of the United States
Native American and European settlement[link]
The indigenous peoples of the U.S. mainland, including Alaska Natives, are believed to have migrated from Asia, beginning between 40,000 and 12,000 years ago.[32] Some, such as the pre-Columbian Mississippian culture, developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies. After Europeans began settling the Americas, many millions of indigenous Americans died from epidemics of imported diseases such as smallpox.[33]
In 1492, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus, under contract to the Spanish crown, reached several Caribbean islands, making first contact with the indigenous people. On April 2, 1513, Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed on what he called "La Florida"—the first documented European arrival on what would become the U.S. mainland. Spanish settlements in the region were followed by ones in the present-day southwestern United States that drew thousands through Mexico. French fur traders established outposts of New France around the Great Lakes; France eventually claimed much of the North American interior, down to the Gulf of Mexico. The first successful English settlements were the Virginia Colony in Jamestown in 1607 and the Pilgrims' Plymouth Colony in 1620. The 1628 chartering of the Massachusetts Bay Colony resulted in a wave of migration; by 1634, New England had been settled by some 10,000 Puritans. Between the late 1610s and the American Revolution, about 50,000 convicts were shipped to Britain's American colonies.[34] Beginning in 1614, the Dutch settled along the lower Hudson River, including New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island.
In 1674, the Dutch ceded their American territory to England; the province of New Netherland was renamed New York. Many new immigrants, especially to the South, were indentured servants—some two-thirds of all Virginia immigrants between 1630 and 1680.[35] By the turn of the 18th century, African slaves were becoming the primary source of bonded labor. With the 1729 division of the Carolinas and the 1732 colonization of Georgia, the thirteen British colonies that would become the United States of America were established. All had local governments with elections open to most free men, with a growing devotion to the ancient rights of Englishmen and a sense of self-government stimulating support for republicanism. All legalized the African slave trade. With high birth rates, low death rates, and steady immigration, the colonial population grew rapidly. The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled interest in both religion and religious liberty. In the French and Indian War, British forces seized Canada from the French, but the francophone population remained politically isolated from the southern colonies. Excluding the Native Americans (popularly known as "American Indians"), who were being displaced, those thirteen colonies had a population of 2.6 million in 1770, about one-third that of Britain; nearly one in five Americans were black slaves.[36] Though subject to British taxation, the American colonials had no representation in the Parliament of Great Britain.
Independence and expansion[link]
Tensions between American colonials and the British during the revolutionary period of the 1760s and early 1770s led to the American Revolutionary War, fought from 1775 to 1781. On June 14, 1775, the Continental Congress, convening in Philadelphia, established a Continental Army under the command of George Washington. Proclaiming that "all men are created equal" and endowed with "certain unalienable Rights", the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson, on July 4, 1776. That date is now celebrated annually as America's Independence Day. In 1777, the Articles of Confederation established a weak confederal government that operated until 1789.
After the British defeat by American forces assisted by the French and Spanish, Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States and the states' sovereignty over American territory west to the Mississippi River. Those wishing to establish a strong federal government with powers of taxation organized a constitutional convention in 1787. The United States Constitution was ratified in 1788, and the new republic's first Senate, House of Representatives, and president—George Washington—took office in 1789. The Bill of Rights, forbidding federal restriction of personal freedoms and guaranteeing a range of legal protections, was adopted in 1791.
Attitudes toward slavery were shifting; a clause in the Constitution protected the Atlantic slave trade only until 1808. The Northern states abolished slavery between 1780 and 1804, leaving the slave states of the South as defenders of the "peculiar institution". The Second Great Awakening, beginning about 1800, made evangelicalism a force behind various social reform movements, including abolitionism.
Americans' eagerness to expand westward prompted a long series of Indian Wars. The Louisiana Purchase of French-claimed territory under President Thomas Jefferson in 1803 almost doubled the nation's size.[37] The War of 1812, declared against Britain over various grievances and fought to a draw, strengthened U.S. nationalism. A series of U.S. military incursions into Florida led Spain to cede it and other Gulf Coast territory in 1819. The Trail of Tears in the 1830s exemplified the Indian removal policy that stripped the native peoples of their land. The United States annexed the Republic of Texas in 1845, amid a period when the concept of Manifest Destiny was becoming popular.[38] The 1846 Oregon Treaty with Britain led to U.S. control of the present-day American Northwest. The U.S. victory in the Mexican-American War resulted in the 1848 cession of California and much of the present-day American Southwest. The California Gold Rush of 1848–49 further spurred western migration. New railways made relocation easier for settlers and increased conflicts with Native Americans. Over a half-century, up to 40 million American bison, or buffalo, were slaughtered for skins and meat and to ease the railways' spread. The loss of the buffalo, a primary resource for the plains Indians, was an existential blow to many native cultures.
Civil War and industrialization[link]
Tensions between slave and free states mounted with arguments about the relationship between the state and federal governments, as well as violent conflicts over the spread of slavery into new states. Abraham Lincoln, candidate of the largely antislavery Republican Party, was elected president in 1860. Before he took office, seven slave states declared their secession—which the federal government maintained was illegal—and formed the Confederate States of America. With the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter, the Civil War began and four more slave states joined the Confederacy. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 declared slaves in the Confederacy to be free. Following the Union victory in 1865, three amendments to the U.S. Constitution ensured freedom for the nearly four million African Americans who had been slaves,[39] made them citizens, and gave them voting rights. The war and its resolution led to a substantial increase in federal power.[40] The war remains the deadliest conflict in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers.[41]
After the war, the assassination of Abraham Lincoln radicalized Republican Reconstruction policies aimed at reintegrating and rebuilding the Southern states while ensuring the rights of the newly freed slaves. The resolution of the disputed 1876 presidential election by the Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction; Jim Crow laws soon disenfranchised many African Americans. In the North, urbanization and an unprecedented influx of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe hastened the country's industrialization. The wave of immigration, lasting until 1929, provided labor and transformed American culture. National infrastructure development spurred economic growth. The 1867 Alaska Purchase from Russia completed the country's mainland expansion. The Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 was the last major armed conflict of the Indian Wars. In 1893, the indigenous monarchy of the Pacific Kingdom of Hawaii was overthrown in a coup led by American residents; the United States annexed the archipelago in 1898. Victory in the Spanish–American War the same year demonstrated that the United States was a world power and led to the annexation of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.[42] The Philippines gained independence a half-century later; Puerto Rico and Guam remain U.S. territories.
World War I, Great Depression, and World War II[link]
At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the United States remained neutral. Most Americans sympathized with the British and French, although many opposed intervention.[43] In 1917, the United States joined the Allies, and the American Expeditionary Forces helped to turn the tide against the Central Powers. After the war, the Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, which established the League of Nations. The country pursued a policy of unilateralism, verging on isolationism.[44] In 1920, the women's rights movement won passage of a constitutional amendment granting women's suffrage. The prosperity of the Roaring Twenties ended with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 that triggered the Great Depression. After his election as president in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt responded with the New Deal, a range of policies increasing government intervention in the economy, including the establishment of the Social Security system.[45] The Dust Bowl of the mid-1930s impoverished many farming communities and spurred a new wave of western migration.
The United States, effectively neutral during World War II's early stages after Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939, began supplying materiel to the Allies in March 1941 through the Lend-Lease program. On December 7, 1941, the Empire of Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, prompting the United States to join the Allies against the Axis powers as well as the internment of Japanese Americans by the thousands.[46] Participation in the war spurred capital investment and industrial capacity. Among the major combatants, the United States was the only nation to become richer—indeed, far richer—instead of poorer because of the war.[47] Allied conferences at Bretton Woods and Yalta outlined a new system of international organizations that placed the United States and Soviet Union at the center of world affairs. As victory was won in Europe, a 1945 international conference held in San Francisco produced the United Nations Charter, which became active after the war.[48] The United States, having developed the first nuclear weapons, used them on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August. Japan surrendered on September 2, ending the war.[49]
Cold War and protest politics[link]
The United States and the Soviet Union jockeyed for power after World War II during the Cold War, dominating the military affairs of Europe through NATO and the Warsaw Pact, respectively. While they engaged in proxy wars and developed powerful nuclear arsenals, the two countries avoided direct military conflict. Resisting leftist land and income redistribution projects around the world, the United States often supported authoritarian governments. American troops fought Communist Chinese forces in the Korean War of 1950–53. The House Un-American Activities Committee pursued a series of investigations into suspected leftist subversion, while Senator Joseph McCarthy became the figurehead of anticommunist sentiment.
The 1961 Soviet launch of the first manned spaceflight prompted President John F. Kennedy's call for the United States to be first to land "a man on the moon", achieved in 1969. Kennedy also faced a tense nuclear showdown with Soviet forces in Cuba. Meanwhile, the United States experienced sustained economic expansion. A growing civil rights movement, symbolized and led by African Americans such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., used nonviolence to confront segregation and discrimination. Following Kennedy's assassination in 1963, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed under President Lyndon B. Johnson.[50][51] He also signed into law the Medicare and Medicaid programs.[52] Johnson and his successor, Richard Nixon, expanded a proxy war in Southeast Asia into the unsuccessful Vietnam War. A widespread countercultural movement grew, fueled by opposition to the war, black nationalism, and the sexual revolution. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, and others led a new wave of feminism that sought political, social, and economic equality for women.
As a result of the Watergate scandal, in 1974 Nixon became the first U.S. president to resign, to avoid being impeached on charges including obstruction of justice and abuse of power. The Jimmy Carter administration of the late 1970s was marked by stagflation and the Iran hostage crisis. The election of Ronald Reagan as president in 1980 heralded a rightward shift in American politics, reflected in major changes in taxation and spending priorities. His second term in office brought both the Iran-Contra scandal and significant diplomatic progress with the Soviet Union. The subsequent Soviet collapse ended the Cold War.
Contemporary era[link]
Under President George H. W. Bush, the United States took a lead role in the UN–sanctioned Gulf War. The longest economic expansion in modern U.S. history—from March 1991 to March 2001—encompassed the Bill Clinton administration and the dot-com bubble.[53] A civil lawsuit and sex scandal led to Clinton's impeachment in 1998, but he remained in office. The 2000 presidential election, one of the closest in American history, was resolved by a U.S. Supreme Court decision—George W. Bush, son of George H. W. Bush, became president.
On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda terrorists struck the World Trade Center in New York City and The Pentagon near Washington, D.C., killing nearly three thousand people. In response, the Bush administration launched the global War on Terror, invading Afghanistan and removing the Taliban government and al-Qaeda training camps. Taliban insurgents continue to fight a guerrilla war. In 2002, the Bush administration began to press for regime change in Iraq on controversial grounds.[54] Forces led by the U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003, ousting Saddam Hussein. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused severe destruction along much of the Gulf Coast, devastating New Orleans. In 2008, amid a global economic recession, the first African American president, Barack Obama, was elected. Major health care and financial system reforms were enacted two years later. In 2011, a raid by Navy SEALs in Pakistan killed al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. The Iraq War ended with the pullout of the remaining U.S. troops from the country.
Government and politics[link]
Main articles: Federal government of the United States, state governments of the United States, and elections in the United States
The United States is the world's oldest surviving federation. It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy, "in which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law".[55] The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the U.S. Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal document.[56] In the American federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of government, federal, state, and local; the local government's duties are commonly split between county and municipal governments. In almost all cases, executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality vote of citizens by district. There is no proportional representation at the federal level, and it is very rare at lower levels.
The federal government is composed of three branches:
- Legislative: The bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government.
- Executive: The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law, and appoints the members of the Cabinet (subject to Senate approval) and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.
- Judicial: The Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the president with Senate approval, interpret laws and overturn those they find unconstitutional.
The House of Representatives has 435 voting members, each representing a congressional district for a two-year term. House seats are apportioned among the states by population every tenth year. As of the 2000 census, seven states have the minimum of one representative, while California, the most populous state, has fifty-three. The Senate has 100 members with each state having two senators, elected at-large to six-year terms; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year. The president serves a four-year term and may be elected to the office no more than twice. The president is not elected by direct vote, but by an indirect electoral college system in which the determining votes are apportioned to the states and the District of Columbia. The Supreme Court, led by the Chief Justice of the United States, has nine members, who serve for life.
The state governments are structured in roughly similar fashion; Nebraska uniquely has a unicameral legislature. The governor (chief executive) of each state is directly elected. Some state judges and cabinet officers are appointed by the governors of the respective states, while others are elected by popular vote.
The original text of the Constitution establishes the structure and responsibilities of the federal government and its relationship with the individual states. Article One protects the right to the "great writ" of habeas corpus, and Article Three guarantees the right to a jury trial in all criminal cases. Amendments to the Constitution require the approval of three-fourths of the states. The Constitution has been amended twenty-seven times; the first ten amendments, which make up the Bill of Rights, and the Fourteenth Amendment form the central basis of Americans' individual rights. All laws and governmental procedures are subject to judicial review and any law ruled in violation of the Constitution is voided. The principle of judicial review, not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, was declared by the Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison (1803).
Parties and ideology[link]
Main articles: Politics of the United States and Political ideologies in the United States
The United States has operated under a two-party system for most of its history.[57] For elective offices at most levels, state-administered primary elections choose the major party nominees for subsequent general elections. Since the general election of 1856, the major parties have been the Democratic Party, founded in 1824, and the Republican Party, founded in 1854. Since the Civil War, only one third-party presidential candidate—former president Theodore Roosevelt, running as a Progressive in 1912—has won as much as 20% of the popular vote.
Within American political culture, the Republican Party is considered center-right or conservative and the Democratic Party is considered center-left or liberal. The states of the Northeast and West Coast and some of the Great Lakes states, known as "blue states", are relatively liberal. The "red states" of the South and parts of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains are relatively conservative.
The winner of the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama, is the 44th U.S. president. The 2010 midterm elections saw the Republican Party take control of the House and make gains in the Senate, where the Democrats retain the majority. In the 112th United States Congress, the Senate comprises 51 Democrats, two independents who caucus with the Democrats, and 47 Republicans; the House comprises 242 Republicans and 192 Democrats—one seat is vacant. There are 29 Republican and 20 Democratic state governors, as well as one independent.
Foreign relations and military[link]
Main articles: Foreign policy of the United States and United States Armed Forces
The United States exercises global economic, political, and military influence. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and New York City hosts the United Nations Headquarters. It is a member of the G8,[58] G20, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Almost all countries have embassies in Washington, D.C., and many have consulates around the country. Likewise, nearly all nations host American diplomatic missions. However, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Bhutan, and the Republic of China (Taiwan) do not have formal diplomatic relations with the United States.
The United States has a "special relationship" with the United Kingdom[59] and strong ties with Canada,[60] Australia,[61] New Zealand,[62] the Philippines,[63] Japan,[64] South Korea,[65] Israel,[66] and several European countries. It works closely with fellow NATO members on military and security issues and with its neighbors through the Organization of American States and free trade agreements such as the trilateral North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexico. In 2008, the United States spent a net $25.4 billion on official development assistance, the most in the world. As a share of America's large gross national income (GNI), however, the U.S. contribution of 0.18% ranked last among twenty-two donor states. By contrast, private overseas giving by Americans is relatively generous.[67]
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The president holds the title of commander-in-chief of the nation's armed forces and appoints its leaders, the secretary of defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The United States Department of Defense administers the armed forces, including the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. The Coast Guard is run by the Department of Homeland Security in peacetime and the Department of the Navy in time of war. In 2008, the armed forces had 1.4 million personnel on active duty. The Reserves and National Guard brought the total number of troops to 2.3 million. The Department of Defense also employed about 700,000 civilians, not including contractors.[68]
Military service is voluntary, though conscription may occur in wartime through the Selective Service System.[69] American forces can be rapidly deployed by the Air Force's large fleet of transport aircraft, the Navy's eleven active aircraft carriers, and Marine Expeditionary Units at sea with the Navy's Atlantic and Pacific fleets. The military operates 865 bases and facilities abroad,[70] and maintains deployments greater than 100 active duty personnel in 25 foreign countries.[71] The extent of this global military presence has prompted some scholars to describe the United States as maintaining an "empire of bases".[72]
Total U.S. military spending in 2010, almost $700 billion, was 43% of global military spending and greater than the next fourteen largest national military expenditures combined. At 4.8% of GDP, the rate was the second-highest among the top fifteen military spenders, after Saudi Arabia.[73] The proposed base Department of Defense budget for 2012, $553 billion, is a 4.2% increase over 2011; an additional $118 billion is proposed for the military campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan.[74] The last American troops serving in Iraq departed in December 2011;[75] 4,484 servicemen were killed during the Iraq War.[76] Approximately 90,000 U.S. troops were serving in Afghanistan as of April 2012;[77] as of April 4, 1,924 had been killed during the War in Afghanistan.[78]
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of the United States
| Economic indicators | ||
|---|---|---|
| Unemployment | 8.2% (May 2012) | [79] |
| GDP growth | 2.2% (1Q 2012), 1.7% (2011) | [80] |
| CPI inflation | 2.3% (April 2011 – April 2012) | [81] |
| Poverty | 15.1% (2010) | [82] |
| Public debt | $15.62 trillion (April 13, 2012) | [83] |
| Household net worth | $58.5 trillion (4Q 2011) | [84] |
The United States has a capitalist mixed economy, which is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity.[85] According to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. GDP of $15.1 trillion constitutes 22% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 19% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP).[3] Though larger than any other nation's, its national GDP is about 5% smaller than the GDP of the European Union at PPP in 2008. The country ranks ninth in the world in nominal GDP per capita and sixth in GDP per capita at PPP.[3] The U.S. dollar is the world's primary reserve currency.[86]
The United States is the largest importer of goods and third largest exporter, though exports per capita are relatively low. In 2010, the total U.S. trade deficit was $635 billion.[87] Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top trading partners.[88] In 2010, oil was the largest import commodity, while transportation equipment was the country's largest export.[87] China is the largest foreign holder of U.S. public debt.[89]
In 2009, the private sector was estimated to constitute 86.4% of the economy, with federal government activity accounting for 4.3% and state and local government activity (including federal transfers) the remaining 9.3%.[91] While its economy has reached a postindustrial level of development and its service sector constitutes 67.8% of GDP, the United States remains an industrial power.[92] The leading business field by gross business receipts is wholesale and retail trade; by net income it is manufacturing.[93] Chemical products are the leading manufacturing field.[94] The United States is the third largest producer of oil in the world, as well as its largest importer.[95] It is the world's number one producer of electrical and nuclear energy, as well as liquid natural gas, sulfur, phosphates, and salt. While agriculture accounts for just under 1% of GDP,[92] the United States is the world's top producer of corn[96] and soybeans.[97] Coca-Cola and McDonald's are the two most recognized brands in the world.[98]
In August 2010, the American labor force comprised 154.1 million people. With 21.2 million people, government is the leading field of employment. The largest private employment sector is health care and social assistance, with 16.4 million people. About 12% of workers are unionized, compared to 30% in Western Europe.[99] The World Bank ranks the United States first in the ease of hiring and firing workers.[100] In 2009, the United States had the third highest labor productivity per person in the world, behind Luxembourg and Norway. It was fourth in productivity per hour, behind those two countries and the Netherlands.[101] Compared to Europe, U.S. property and corporate income tax rates are generally higher, while labor and, particularly, consumption tax rates are lower.[102]
Income and human development[link]
Main article: Income in the United States
See also: Income inequality in the United States, Poverty in the United States, and Affluence in the United States
According to the United States Census Bureau, the pretax median household income in 2010 was $49,445. The median ranged from $64,308 among Asian American households to $32,068 among African American households.[82] Using purchasing power parity exchange rates, the overall median is similar to the most affluent cluster of developed nations. After declining sharply during the middle of the 20th century, poverty rates have plateaued since the early 1970s, with 11–15% of Americans below the poverty line every year, and 58.5% spending at least one year in poverty between the ages of 25 and 75.[103][104] In 2010, 46.2 million Americans lived in poverty, a figure that rose for the fourth year in a row.[82]
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The U.S. welfare state is one of the least extensive in the developed world, reducing both relative poverty and absolute poverty by considerably less than the mean for rich nations,[105][106] though combined private and public social expenditures per capita are relatively high.[107] While the American welfare state effectively reduces poverty among the elderly,[108] it provides relatively little assistance to the young.[109] A 2007 UNICEF study of children's well-being in twenty-one industrialized nations ranked the United States next to last.[110]
Between 1947 and 1979, real median income rose by over 80% for all classes, with the incomes of poor Americans rising faster than those of the rich.[111] However, income gains since then have been slower, less widely shared, and accompanied by increased economic insecurity.[111][112] Median household income has increased for all classes since 1980,[113] largely owing to more dual-earner households, the closing of the gender pay gap, and longer work hours, but the growth has been strongly tilted toward the very top.[105][111][114] Consequently, the share of income of the top 1%—21.8% of total reported income in 2005—has more than doubled since 1980,[115] leaving the United States with the greatest income inequality among developed nations.[105][116] The United States has a progressive tax system which equates to higher income earners paying a larger percentage of their income in taxes.[117] The top 1% pays 27.6% of all federal taxes, while the top 10% pays 54.7%.[118] Wealth, like income and taxes, is highly concentrated: The richest 10% of the adult population possesses 69.8% of the country's household wealth, the second-highest share among developed nations.[119] The top 1% possesses 33.4% of net wealth.[120] In 2011 the United Nations Development Programme ranked the United States 23rd among 139 countries on its inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI), nineteen places lower than in the standard HDI.[121]
Infrastructure[link]
Science and technology[link]
Main article: Science and technology in the United States
The United States has been a leader in scientific research and technological innovation since the late 19th century. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone. Thomas Edison's laboratory developed the phonograph, the first long-lasting light bulb, and the first viable movie camera. Nikola Tesla pioneered alternating current, the AC motor, and radio. In the early 20th century, the automobile companies of Ransom E. Olds and Henry Ford popularized the assembly line. The Wright brothers, in 1903, made the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight.[122]
The rise of Nazism in the 1930s led many European scientists, including Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, and John von Neumann, to immigrate to the United States. During World War II, the Manhattan Project developed nuclear weapons, ushering in the Atomic Age. The Space Race produced rapid advances in rocketry, materials science, and computers. IBM, Apple Computer, and Microsoft refined and popularized the personal computer. The United States largely developed the ARPANET and its successor, the Internet. Today, 64% of research and development funding comes from the private sector.[123] The United States leads the world in scientific research papers and impact factor.[124] As of April 2010, 68% of American households had broadband Internet service.[125] The country is the primary developer and grower of genetically modified food, representing half of the world's biotech crops.[126]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in the United States
Personal transportation is dominated by automobiles, which operate on a network of 13 million roads,[128] including one of the world's longest highway systems.[129] The world's second largest automobile market,[130] the United States has the highest rate of per-capita vehicle ownership in the world, with 765 vehicles per 1,000 Americans.[131] About 40% of personal vehicles are vans, SUVs, or light trucks.[132] The average American adult (accounting for all drivers and nondrivers) spends 55 minutes driving every day, traveling 29 miles (47 km).[133]
Mass transit accounts for 9% of total U.S. work trips,[134] ranking last in a survey of 17 countries.[135] While transport of goods by rail is extensive, relatively few people use rail to travel,[136] though ridership on Amtrak, the national intercity passenger rail system, grew by almost 37% between 2000 and 2010.[137] Light rail development has increased in recent years but, like high speed rail, is below European levels.[138] Bicycle usage for work commutes is minimal.[139]
The civil airline industry is entirely privately owned and has been largely deregulated since 1978, while most major airports are publicly owned. The three largest airlines in the world by passengers carried are U.S.-based; Delta Air Lines is number one.[140] Of the world's thirty busiest passenger airports, sixteen are in the United States, including the busiest, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.[141]
Energy[link]
See also: Energy policy of the United States
The United States energy market is 29,000 terawatt hours per year. Energy consumption per capita is 7.8 tons of oil equivalent per year, the 10th highest rate in the world. In 2005, 40% of this energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 22% from natural gas. The remainder was supplied by nuclear power and renewable energy sources.[142] The United States is the world's largest consumer of petroleum.[143] For decades, nuclear power has played a limited role relative to many other developed countries, in part due to public perception in the wake of a 1979 accident. In 2007, several applications for new nuclear plants were filed.[144] The United States has 27% of global coal reserves.[145]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in the United States
American public education is operated by state and local governments, regulated by the United States Department of Education through restrictions on federal grants. Children are required in most states to attend school from the age of six or seven (generally, kindergarten or first grade) until they turn eighteen (generally bringing them through twelfth grade, the end of high school); some states allow students to leave school at sixteen or seventeen.[147] About 12% of children are enrolled in parochial or nonsectarian private schools. Just over 2% of children are homeschooled.[148]
The United States has many competitive private and public institutions of higher education. According to prominent international rankings, 13 or 15 American colleges and universities are ranked among the top 20 in the world.[149][150] There are also local community colleges with generally more open admission policies, shorter academic programs, and lower tuition. Of Americans twenty-five and older, 84.6% graduated from high school, 52.6% attended some college, 27.2% earned a bachelor's degree, and 9.6% earned graduate degrees.[151] The basic literacy rate is approximately 99%.[1][152] The United Nations assigns the United States an Education Index of 0.97, tying it for 12th in the world.[153]
Health[link]
See also: Health care in the United States, Health care reform in the United States, and Health insurance in the United States
The United States life expectancy of 78.4 years at birth ranks it 50th among 221 nations.[155] Increasing obesity in the United States and health improvements elsewhere have contributed to lowering the country's rank in life expectancy from 1987, when it was 11th in the world.[156] Approximately one-third of the adult population is obese and an additional third is overweight;[157] the obesity rate, the highest in the industrialized world, has more than doubled in the last quarter-century.[158] Obesity-related type 2 diabetes is considered epidemic by health care professionals.[159] The infant mortality rate of 6.06 per thousand places the United States 176th out of 222 countries, higher than all of Western Europe.[160]
The U.S. health care system far outspends any other nation's, measured in both per capita spending and percentage of GDP.[161] The World Health Organization ranked the U.S. health care system in 2000 as first in responsiveness, but 37th in overall performance.
Health care coverage in the United States is a combination of public and private efforts, and is not universal as in all other developed countries. In 2004, private insurance paid for 36% of personal health expenditures, private out-of-pocket payments covered 15%, and federal, state, and local governments paid for 44%.[162] In 2005, 46.6 million Americans, 15.9% of the population, were uninsured, 5.4 million more than in 2001. The main cause of this rise is the drop in the number of Americans with employer-sponsored health insurance.[163] The subject of uninsured and underinsured Americans is a major political issue.[164] A 2009 study estimated that lack of insurance is associated with nearly 45,000 deaths a year.[165] In 2006, Massachusetts became the first state to mandate universal health insurance.[166] Federal legislation passed in early 2010 will create a near-universal health insurance system around the country by 2014.
Crime and law enforcement[link]
Main articles: Law enforcement in the United States and Crime in the United States
See also: Law of the United States, Incarceration in the United States, and Capital punishment in the United States
Law enforcement in the United States is primarily the responsibility of local police and sheriff's departments, with state police providing broader services. Federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the U.S. Marshals Service have specialized duties. At the federal level and in almost every state, jurisprudence operates on a common law system. State courts conduct most criminal trials; federal courts handle certain designated crimes as well as certain appeals from the state systems. Federal law prohibits a variety of drugs, although states sometimes pass laws in conflict with federal regulations. The smoking age is generally 18, and the drinking age is generally 21.
Among developed nations, the United States has above-average levels of violent crime and particularly high levels of gun violence and homicide.[168] There were 5.0 murders per 100,000 persons in 2009, 10.4% fewer than in 2000.[169] Gun ownership rights are the subject of contentious political debate.
The United States has the highest documented incarceration rate[170] and total prison population[171] in the world. At the start of 2008, more than 2.3 million people were incarcerated, more than one in every 100 adults.[172] The current rate is about seven times the 1980 figure,[173] and over three times the figure in Poland, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country with the next highest rate.[174] African American males are jailed at about six times the rate of white males and three times the rate of Hispanic males.[170] The country's high rate of incarceration is largely due to sentencing and drug policies.[170][175]
Though it has been abolished in most Western nations, capital punishment is sanctioned in the United States for certain federal and military crimes, and in thirty-four states. Since 1976, when the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty after a four-year moratorium, there have been more than 1,000 executions.[176] In 2010, the country had the fifth highest number of executions in the world, following China, Iran, North Korea, and Yemen.[177] In 2007, New Jersey became the first state to legislatively abolish the death penalty since the 1976 Supreme Court decision, followed by New Mexico in 2009 and Illinois in 2011.[178]
Demographics[link]
Main articles: Demographics of the United States and Americans
| Race/Ethnicity (2010)[179] | |
|---|---|
| White | 72.4% |
| Black/African American | 12.6% |
| Asian | 4.8% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 0.9% |
| Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander | 0.2% |
| Other | 6.2% |
| Two or more races | 2.9% |
| Hispanic/Latino (of any race) | 16.3% |
The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the country's population now to be 313,802,000,[2] including an estimated 11.2 million illegal immigrants.[180] The U.S. population almost quadrupled during the 20th century, from about 76 million in 1900.[181] The third most populous nation in the world, after China and India, the United States is the only major industrialized nation in which large population increases are projected.[182] Even with a birth rate of 13.82 per 1,000, 30% below the world average, its population growth rate is positive at 1%, significantly higher than those of many developed nations.[183] In fiscal year 2011, over 1 million immigrants (most of whom entered through family reunification) were granted legal residence.[184] Mexico has been the leading source of new residents for over two decades; since 1998, China, India, and the Philippines have been in the top four sending countries every year.[185]
The United States has a very diverse population—thirty-one ancestry groups have more than one million members.[186] White Americans are the largest racial group; German Americans, Irish Americans, and English Americans constitute three of the country's four largest ancestry groups.[186] African Americans are the nation's largest racial minority and third largest ancestry group.[186] Asian Americans are the country's second largest racial minority; the two largest Asian American ethnic groups are Chinese Americans and Filipino Americans.[186] In 2010, the U.S. population included an estimated 5.2 million people with some American Indian or Alaska Native ancestry (2.9 million exclusively of such ancestry) and 1.2 million with some native Hawaiian or Pacific island ancestry (0.5 million exclusively).[187] The census counted more than 19 million people of "Some Other Race" who were "unable to identify with any" of its five official race categories in 2010.[187]
The population growth of Hispanic and Latino Americans (the terms are officially interchangeable) is a major demographic trend. The 50.5 million Americans of Hispanic descent[187] are identified as sharing a distinct "ethnicity" by the Census Bureau; 64% of Hispanic Americans are of Mexican descent.[188] Between 2000 and 2010, the country's Hispanic population increased 43% while the non-Hispanic population rose just 4.9%.[179] Much of this growth is from immigration; as of 2007, 12.6% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, with 54% of that figure born in Latin America.[189] Fertility is also a factor; as of 2010 the average Hispanic woman gave birth to 2.4 children in her lifetime, compared to 2.0 for non-Hispanic black women and 1.8 for non-Hispanic white women (below the replacement rate of 2.1).[190] Minorities (as defined by the Census Bureau as all those beside non-Hispanic, non-multiracial whites) constituted 36.3% of the population in 2010,[191] and nearly 50% of children under age 1,[192] and are projected to constitute the majority by 2042.[193]
About 82% of Americans live in urban areas (including suburbs);[1] about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50,000.[194] In 2008, 273 incorporated places had populations over 100,000, nine cities had more than 1 million residents, and four global cities had over 2 million (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston).[195] There are fifty-two metropolitan areas with populations greater than 1 million.[196] Of the fifty fastest-growing metro areas, forty-seven are in the West or South.[197] The metro areas of Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, and Phoenix all grew by more than a million people between 2000 and 2008.[196]
| Leading population centers | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Core city | Metro area pop.[198] | Metropolitan Statistical Area | Region[199] |  New York City  Los Angeles |
||
| 1 | New York City | 19,015,900 | New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA MSA | Northeast | |||
| 2 | Los Angeles | 12,944,801 | Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA MSA | West | |||
| 3 | Chicago | 9,504,753 | Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI MSA | Midwest | |||
| 4 | Dallas | 6,526,548 | Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA | South | |||
| 5 | Houston | 6,086,538 | Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, TX MSA | South | |||
| 6 | Philadelphia | 5,992,414 | Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD MSA | Northeast | |||
| 7 | Washington, D.C. | 5,703,948 | Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA | South | |||
| 8 | Miami | 5,670,125 | Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA | South | |||
| 9 | Atlanta | 5,359,205 | Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA | South | |||
| 10 | Boston | 4,591,112 | Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH MSA | Northeast | |||
| based on the 2011 U.S. Population Estimate | |||||||
Language[link]
Main article: Languages of the United States
| Languages (2010)[200] | |
|---|---|
| English (only) | 229.7 million |
| Spanish, incl. Creole | 37.0 million |
| Chinese | 2.8 million |
| French, incl. Creole | 2.1 million |
| Tagalog | 1.6 million |
| Vietnamese | 1.4 million |
| Korean | 1.1 million |
| German | 1.1 million |
English is the de facto national language. Although there is no official language at the federal level, some laws—such as U.S. naturalization requirements—standardize English. In 2010, about 230 million, or 80% of the population aged five years and older, spoke only English at home. Spanish, spoken by 12% of the population at home, is the second most common language and the most widely taught second language.[200][201] Some Americans advocate making English the country's official language, as it is in at least twenty-eight states.[5] Both Hawaiian and English are official languages in Hawaii by state law.[202]
While neither has an official language, New Mexico has laws providing for the use of both English and Spanish, as Louisiana does for English and French.[203] Other states, such as California, mandate the publication of Spanish versions of certain government documents including court forms.[204] Many jurisdictions with large numbers of non-English speakers produce government materials, especially voting information, in the most commonly spoken languages in those jurisdictions. Several insular territories grant official recognition to their native languages, along with English: Samoan and Chamorro are recognized by American Samoa and Guam, respectively; Carolinian and Chamorro are recognized by the Northern Mariana Islands; Spanish is an official language of Puerto Rico.
Religion[link]
Main article: Religion in the United States
See also: History of religion in the United States, Freedom of religion in the United States, Separation of church and state in the United States, and List of religious movements that began in the United States
The United States is officially a secular nation; the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and forbids the establishment of any religious governance. In a 2002 study, 59% of Americans said that religion played a "very important role in their lives", a far higher figure than that of any other wealthy nation.[205] According to a 2007 survey, 78.4% of adults identified themselves as Christian,[206] down from 86.4% in 1990.[207] Protestant denominations accounted for 51.3%, while Roman Catholicism, at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. The study categorizes white evangelicals, 26.3% of the population, as the country's largest religious cohort;[206] another study estimates evangelicals of all races at 30–35%.[208] The total reporting non-Christian religions in 2007 was 4.7%, up from 3.3% in 1990.[207] The leading non-Christian faiths were Judaism (1.7%), Buddhism (0.7%), Islam (0.6%), Hinduism (0.4%), and Unitarian Universalism (0.3%).[206] The survey also reported that 16.1% of Americans described themselves as agnostic, atheist, or simply having no religion, up from 8.2% in 1990.[206][207]
Family structure[link]
In 2007, 58% of Americans age 18 and over were married, 6% were widowed, 10% were divorced, and 25% had never been married.[209] Women now mostly work outside the home and receive a majority of bachelor's degrees.[210]
Same-sex marriage is a contentious issue. Some states permit civil unions or domestic partnerships in lieu of marriage. Since 2003, several states have legalized gay marriage as the result of judicial or legislative action. Meanwhile, the federal government and a majority of states define marriage as between a man and a woman and/or explicitly prohibit same-sex marriage. Public opinion on the issue has shifted from general opposition in the 1990s to a statistical deadlock, to a majority in support.[211]
The U.S. teenage pregnancy rate, 79.8 per 1,000 women, is the highest among OECD nations.[212] Abortion policy was left to the states until the Supreme Court legalized the practice in 1973. The issue remains highly controversial, with public opinion closely divided for many years. Many states ban public funding of the procedure and restrict late-term abortions, require parental notification for minors, and mandate a waiting period. While the abortion rate is falling, the abortion ratio of 241 per 1,000 live births and abortion rate of 15 per 1,000 women aged 15–44 remain higher than those of most Western nations.[213]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of the United States
See also: Social class in the United States
The United States is a multicultural nation, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions, and values.[6][215] Aside from the now small Native American and Native Hawaiian populations, nearly all Americans or their ancestors immigrated within the past five centuries.[216] Mainstream American culture is a Western culture largely derived from the traditions of European immigrants with influences from many other sources, such as traditions brought by slaves from Africa.[6][217] More recent immigration from Asia and especially Latin America has added to a cultural mix that has been described as both a homogenizing melting pot, and a heterogeneous salad bowl in which immigrants and their descendants retain distinctive cultural characteristics.[6]
American culture is considered the most individualistic in the world.[218] The American Dream, or the incorrect perception that Americans enjoy high social mobility, plays a key role in attracting immigrants.[219] While the mainstream culture holds that the United States is a classless society,[220] scholars identify significant differences between the country's social classes, affecting socialization, language, and values.[221] The American middle and professional class has initiated many contemporary social trends such as modern feminism, environmentalism, and multiculturalism.[222] Americans' self-images, social viewpoints, and cultural expectations are associated with their occupations to an unusually close degree.[223] While Americans tend greatly to value socioeconomic achievement, being ordinary or average is generally seen as a positive attribute.[224]
Popular media[link]
Main articles: Cinema of the United States, Television in the United States, and Music of the United States
The world's first commercial motion picture exhibition was given in New York City in 1894, using Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope. The next year saw the first commercial screening of a projected film, also in New York, and the United States was in the forefront of sound film's development in the following decades. Since the early 20th century, the U.S. film industry has largely been based in and around Hollywood, California. Director D. W. Griffith was central to the development of film grammar and Orson Welles's Citizen Kane (1941) is frequently cited as the greatest film of all time.[225] American screen actors like John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe have become iconic figures, while producer/entrepreneur Walt Disney was a leader in both animated film and movie merchandising. The major film studios of Hollywood have produced the most commercially successful movies in history, such as Star Wars (1977) and Titanic (1997), and the products of Hollywood today dominate the global film industry.[226]
Americans are the heaviest television viewers in the world,[227] and the average viewing time continues to rise, reaching five hours a day in 2006.[228] The four major broadcast networks are all commercial entities. Americans listen to radio programming, also largely commercialized, on average just over two-and-a-half hours a day.[229] Aside from web portals and search engines, the most popular websites are Facebook, YouTube, Wikipedia, Blogger, eBay, and Craigslist.[230]
The rhythmic and lyrical styles of African-American music have deeply influenced American music at large, distinguishing it from European traditions. Elements from folk idioms such as the blues and what is now known as old-time music were adopted and transformed into popular genres with global audiences. Jazz was developed by innovators such as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington early in the 20th century. Country music developed in the 1920s, and rhythm and blues in the 1940s. Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry were among the mid-1950s pioneers of rock and roll. In the 1960s, Bob Dylan emerged from the folk revival to become one of America's most celebrated songwriters and James Brown led the development of funk. More recent American creations include hip hop and house music. American pop stars such as Presley, Michael Jackson, and Madonna have become global celebrities.[231]
Literature, philosophy, and the arts[link]
In the 18th and early 19th centuries, American art and literature took most of its cues from Europe. Writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Henry David Thoreau established a distinctive American literary voice by the middle of the 19th century. Mark Twain and poet Walt Whitman were major figures in the century's second half; Emily Dickinson, virtually unknown during her lifetime, is now recognized as an essential American poet.[232] A work seen as capturing fundamental aspects of the national experience and character—such as Herman Melville's Moby-Dick (1851), Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), and F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby (1925)—may be dubbed the "Great American Novel".[233]
Eleven U.S. citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, most recently Toni Morrison in 1993. William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway are often named among the most influential writers of the 20th century.[234] Popular literary genres such as the Western and hardboiled crime fiction developed in the United States. The Beat Generation writers opened up new literary approaches, as have postmodernist authors such as John Barth, Thomas Pynchon, and Don DeLillo.
The transcendentalists, led by Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, established the first major American philosophical movement. After the Civil War, Charles Sanders Peirce and then William James and John Dewey were leaders in the development of pragmatism. In the 20th century, the work of W. V. O. Quine and Richard Rorty, and later Noam Chomsky, brought analytic philosophy to the fore of American philosophical academia. John Rawls and Robert Nozick led a revival of political philosophy.
In the visual arts, the Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century movement in the tradition of European naturalism. The realist paintings of Thomas Eakins are now widely celebrated. The 1913 Armory Show in New York City, an exhibition of European modernist art, shocked the public and transformed the U.S. art scene.[235] Georgia O'Keeffe, Marsden Hartley, and others experimented with new, individualistic styles. Major artistic movements such as the abstract expressionism of Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning and the pop art of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein developed largely in the United States. The tide of modernism and then postmodernism has brought fame to American architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Philip Johnson, and Frank Gehry.
One of the first major promoters of American theater was impresario P. T. Barnum, who began operating a lower Manhattan entertainment complex in 1841. The team of Harrigan and Hart produced a series of popular musical comedies in New York starting in the late 1870s. In the 20th century, the modern musical form emerged on Broadway; the songs of musical theater composers such as Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Stephen Sondheim have become pop standards. Playwright Eugene O'Neill won the Nobel literature prize in 1936; other acclaimed U.S. dramatists include multiple Pulitzer Prize winners Tennessee Williams, Edward Albee, and August Wilson.
Though little known at the time, Charles Ives's work of the 1910s established him as the first major U.S. composer in the classical tradition, while experimentalists such as Henry Cowell and John Cage created a distinctive American approach to classical composition. Aaron Copland and George Gershwin developed a new synthesis of popular and classical music. Choreographers Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham helped create modern dance, while George Balanchine and Jerome Robbins were leaders in 20th-century ballet. Americans have long been important in the modern artistic medium of photography, with major photographers including Alfred Stieglitz, Edward Steichen, and Ansel Adams. The newspaper comic strip and the comic book are both U.S. innovations. Superman, the quintessential comic book superhero, has become an American icon.[236]
Food[link]
Main article: American cuisine
Mainstream American cuisine is similar to that in other Western countries. Wheat is the primary cereal grain. Traditional American cuisine uses indigenous ingredients, such as turkey, venison, potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, squash, and maple syrup, which were consumed by Native Americans and early European settlers. Slow-cooked pork and beef barbecue, crab cakes, potato chips, and chocolate chip cookies are distinctively American foods. Soul food, developed by African slaves, is popular around the South and among many African Americans elsewhere. Syncretic cuisines such as Louisiana creole, Cajun, and Tex-Mex are regionally important.
Characteristic dishes such as apple pie, fried chicken, pizza, hamburgers, and hot dogs derive from the recipes of various immigrants. French fries, Mexican dishes such as burritos and tacos, and pasta dishes freely adapted from Italian sources are widely consumed.[237] Americans generally prefer coffee to tea. Marketing by U.S. industries is largely responsible for making orange juice and milk ubiquitous breakfast beverages.[238]
The American fast food industry, the world's largest, pioneered the drive-through format in the 1930s. Fast food consumption has sparked health concerns. During the 1980s and 1990s, Americans' caloric intake rose 24%;[237] frequent dining at fast food outlets is associated with what public health officials call the American "obesity epidemic".[239] Highly sweetened soft drinks are widely popular, and sugared beverages account for 9% of American caloric intake.[240]
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in the United States
Baseball has been regarded as the national sport since the late 19th century, while American football is now by several measures the most popular spectator sport.[241] Basketball and ice hockey are the country's next two leading professional team sports. College football and basketball attract large audiences. Boxing and horse racing were once the most watched individual sports,[242] but they have been eclipsed by golf and auto racing, particularly NASCAR. Soccer is played widely at the youth and amateur levels. Tennis and many outdoor sports are popular as well.
While most major U.S. sports have evolved out of European practices, volleyball, skateboarding, snowboarding, and cheerleading are American inventions. Basketball was invented in Massachusetts by Canadian-born James Naismith. Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact. Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States. The United States has won 2,301 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country,[243] and 253 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most.[244]
Measurement systems[link]
Main article: United States customary units
The nation retains United States customary units, comprising mainly former British imperial units such as miles, yards, and degrees Fahrenheit. Distinct units include the U.S. gallon and U.S. pint volume measurements. The United States is one of only three countries that do not rely primarily on the International System of Units. However, metric units are increasingly used in science, medicine, and many industrial fields.[245]
See also[link]
 |
See more Wikipedia articles related to United States. |
- Index of United States-related articles
- Lists of U.S. states
- Outline of the United States
- Wikipedia books: United States
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| Regina Spektor | |
|---|---|
 Regina Spektor playing an electronic piano in 2006 |
|
| Background information | |
| Native name | Реги́нa Ильи́нична Спе́ктор |
| Born | (1980-02-18) February 18, 1980 (age 32) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Origin | New York, U.S. |
| Genres | Anti-folk, indie rock, baroque pop, blues, pop |
| Occupations | Singer, songwriter, record producer |
| Instruments | Piano, vocals, guitar, bass guitar |
| Years active | 1999–present |
| Labels | Sire/Warner Bros. Records |
| Associated acts | Sondre Lerche, Ben Folds, Kill Kenada, the Strokes, Dufus |
| Website | http://www.reginaspektor.com |
| Notable instruments | |
|
Steinway & Sons piano 
|
|
Regina Ilyinichna Spektor (Russian: Реги́нa Ильи́нична Спе́ктор, IPA: [rʲɪˈɡʲinə ˈspʲɛktər], English: /rɨˈdʒiːnə ˈspɛktər/; born February 18, 1980) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. Her music is associated with the anti-folk scene centered in New York City's East Village.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Spektor was born in Moscow, Soviet Union in 1980 to a musical Russian Jewish family. Her father, Ilya Spektor, is a photographer and amateur violinist. Her mother, Bella Spektor, was a music professor in a Soviet college of music and now teaches at a public elementary school in Mount Vernon, New York.[1] She has a brother Barry (Bear), who was featured in track 7, "* * *", or "Whisper", of her 2004 album, Soviet Kitsch.
She learned how to play piano by practising on a Petrof upright that was given to her mother by her grandfather.[2] She was also exposed to the music of rock and roll bands such as The Beatles, Queen, and The Moody Blues by her father, who obtained such recordings in Eastern Europe and traded cassettes with friends in the Soviet Union.[1] The family left the Soviet Union in 1989, when Regina was nine and a half, during the period of Perestroika, when Soviet citizens were permitted to emigrate. Regina had to leave her piano behind.[3] The seriousness of her piano studies led her parents to consider not leaving the USSR, but they finally decided to emigrate, due to the ethnic and political discrimination that Jews faced.[4] Spektor is fluent in Russian and reads Hebrew, and has since paid tribute to her Russian heritage, quoting the poem February by the Russian poet Boris Pasternak in her song Après Moi, and stating “I’m very connected to the language and the culture.”[5]
Traveling first to Austria and then Italy, the family was admitted to the United States as refugees with the assistance of HIAS (the Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society) and settled in The Bronx, where Spektor graduated from the SAR Academy, a Jewish day middle school in the Riverdale section of the Bronx. She then attended high school for two years at the Frisch School, a yeshiva in Paramus, New Jersey, but transferred to a public school, Fair Lawn High School, in Fair Lawn, New Jersey, where she finished the last two years of her high school education.[6]
Career[link]
In New York, Spektor studied classical piano with Sonia Vargas, a professor at the Manhattan School of Music, until she was 17; Spektor's father had met Vargas through her husband, violinist Samuel Marder.[7] Although the family had been unable to bring their piano from Russia, Spektor found a piano on which to play in the basement of her synagogue, and also practiced on tabletops and other hard surfaces.
Spektor was originally interested only in classical music, but later became interested in hip hop, rock and punk as well.[1] Although she had always made up songs around the house, Spektor first became interested in more formal songwriting during a visit to Israel with the Nesiya Institute in her teenage years when she attracted attention from the other children on the trip for the songs she made up while hiking and realized she had an aptitude for songwriting.[4]
Following this trip, she was exposed to the work of Joni Mitchell, Ani DiFranco, and other singer-songwriters, which encouraged her belief that she could create her own songs.[4] She wrote her first a cappella songs around the age of 16 and her first songs for voice and piano when she was nearly 18.[1]
Spektor completed the four-year studio composition program of the Conservatory of Music at Purchase College within three years, graduating with honors in 2001. Around this time, she also worked briefly at a butterfly farm in Luck, Wisconsin,[8] and studied in Tottenham, ( a suburb of London) for one semester [9].
She gradually achieved recognition through performances in the anti-folk scene in downtown New York City, often as a duo with drummer Anders Griffen, and most importantly at the East Village's Sidewalk Cafe, but also at the Living Room, Tonic, Fez, the Knitting Factory, and CB's Gallery.[citation needed] She also performed at local colleges (such as Sarah Lawrence College) with other musicians, including the Trachtenburg Family Slideshow Players. She sold self-published CDs at her performances during this period: 11:11 (2001) and Songs (2002). In 2004, she signed a contract with Warner Brothers' record label Sire Records to publish and distribute her third album Soviet Kitsch, originally self-released in 2003.
Spektor is married to Jack Dishel, guitarist with the band The Moldy Peaches.[9]
Style[link]
Spektor has said that she has created a great number of songs,[10] but that she rarely writes any of them down. She has also stated that she never aspired to write songs herself, but songs seem to just flow to her.[11] Spektor's songs are not usually autobiographical, but rather are based on scenarios and characters drawn from her imagination.[4][12] Her songs show influences from folk,[13][14] punk, rock, Jewish,[12][15] Russian,[12] hip hop,[13][16][17] jazz,[13][16] and classical music.[12][16] Spektor has said that she works hard to ensure that each of her songs has its own musical style, rather than trying to develop a distinctive style for her music as a whole.[11]
It doesn't feel natural for me to write some diary type song. I want to write a classic like Yesterday but weird songs about meatballs in refrigerators come into my head - I can't help it.[18]
Spektor has a broad vocal range and uses the full extent of it. She also explores a variety of different and somewhat unorthodox vocal techniques, such as verses composed entirely of buzzing noises made with the lips and beatbox-style flourishes in the middle of ballads, and also makes use of such unusual musical techniques as using a drum stick to tap rhythms on the body of the piano or chair.[4][19] Part of her style also results from the exaggeration of certain aspects of vocalization, most notably the glottal stop, which is prominent in the single "Fidelity". She also uses a strong New York accent on some words, which she has said is due to her love of New York and its culture.[1]
Her lyrics are equally eclectic, often taking the form of abstract narratives or first-person character studies, similar to short stories or vignettes put to song.[1][19] Spektor usually sings in English, though she sometimes includes a few words or verses of Latin, Russian, French, and other languages in her songs. She also plays with pronunciations, which she said on a NPR interview to be a remnant of her early years when she listened to pop in English without understanding the lyrics. Some of Spektor's lyrics include literary allusions,[4] such as to F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway in "Poor Little Rich Boy", The Little Prince in "Baobabs", Virginia Woolf and Margaret Atwood in "Paris", Ezra Pound and William Shakespeare in "Pound of Flesh", Shakespeare's Hamlet in "The Virgin Queen", Boris Pasternak in "Après Moi", Samson and Delilah in "Samson", and Oedipus the King in "Oedipus", Billie Holiday in "Lady" and Edith Wharton's Ethan Frome in "2.99 cent blues". She alludes to The Beatles and Paul McCartney in the song "Edit". She also used a line from Joni Mitchell's California in her song "The Devil Came to Bethlehem". Recurring themes and topics in Spektor's lyrics include love, death, religion (particularly Biblical and Jewish references), city life (particularly New York references), and certain key phrases have been known to recur in different songs by Spektor, such as references to gravediggers, the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil and the name "Mary Ann". Spektor's use of satire is evident in "Wasteside," which refers to The Twelve Chairs, the classic satirical novel by the Soviet authors Ilf and Petrov, and describes the town in which people are born, get their hair cut, and then are sent to the cemetery.
In Spektor's early albums, many of her tracks had a very dry vocal production, with very little reverb or delay added. However, Spektor's more recent albums, particularly Begin to Hope, have put more emphasis into song production and have relied more on traditional pop and rock instruments.[3] Spektor says the records that most impact her are those of "bands whose music is really involved",[20] specifically naming The Beatles, Bob Dylan, Billie Holiday, Radiohead, Tom Waits, and Frédéric Chopin as primary influences.[20][21]
In her songs, "Eet", "Us" and "Après Moi" the titular sounds are used as the focal point throughout. (In "Dance Anthem of the 80's", the sound "eet" is also used often, on words such as "meat", "street", and "eat").
Performances[link]
Spektor's first nationwide tour was accompanying The Strokes as the opening act on their 2003–2004 Room on Fire tour, during which she and the band performed and recorded "Modern Girls & Old Fashion Men". Kings of Leon were the second opening act on that tour, and they invited Regina to open for them on their own European tour right after The Strokes tour. In June 2005, Spektor was the opening act for the English piano rock band Keane on their North American tour, during which she performed at Radio City Music Hall on June 7, 2005.[22] During her 2006 headlining tour in support of the Begin to Hope album, Spektor sold out a performance at Messiah College in Grantham, Pennsylvania, and two shows at Town Hall Theater in New York City on September 27 and September 28, 2006.[23]
Spektor has appeared on The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien (once), Late Night with Conan O'Brien (three times), The Tonight Show with Jay Leno (twice), Jimmy Kimmel Live (twice), Last Call with Carson Daly (five times), Late Show with David Letterman (twice), Late Night with Jimmy Fallon (twice), CBS News Sunday Morning, Good Morning America (twice), Australia's Rove Live, and The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson (twice).[24] On October 10, 2009 she performed on Saturday Night Live.
Since January 2005, Spektor has performed on a bright red Baldwin baby grand piano.[25] At the present time she uses exclusively Steinway & Sons pianos. She plays a seafoam Epiphone Wildkat archtop hollow-body electric guitar.[26]
Although she generally only performs original material, Spektor occasionally performs covers. Most famous of these covers were her performances of songs by Leonard Cohen and Madonna, for the 2nd Annual Jewish Music & Heritage Festival at the 92nd Street Y in New York City.[4] In 2006 and 2007, Spektor embarked on a headlining tour of the U.S. and Europe, selling out numerous clubs and theaters. She covered John Lennon's "Real Love" at the performance arts center of her alma mater, State University of New York at Purchase, on March 28, 2007, at a benefit concert for the Conservatory of Music.[27] In 2007, Spektor recorded "Real Love" for the Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur CD, which was released in June of that year. She recorded a version of the song for Triple J's Like a Version radio segment which was shown on jTV.
On March 8, 2007, Spektor appeared on the British ITV network's Loose Women, promoting and performing "Fidelity" live, and on April 20, 2007, she performed on the Late Show with David Letterman. On Saturday, April 28, 2007, she appeared at the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival. On Friday, May 18, 2007, she appeared on BBC1's Friday Night with Jonathan Ross. On June 16, 2007, she performed at the Bonnaroo Music Festival and later performed at the 2007 Lollapalooza on August 4, 2007 and Virgin Festival on August 5, 2007 in Baltimore, Maryland. On September 16, 2007, she performed at the Austin City Limits Music Festival and recorded a set for the Austin City Limits TV show the following day. She performed acoustic at the Bridge School Benefit at Shoreline Amphitheatre on October 27 and October 28, 2007.
On November 14, 2007, at her concert at Ryman Auditorium, in Nashville, it was announced that Spektor collapsed during the sound check and was taken to a local emergency room. According to the statement given to the audience, Spektor was fine, but doctors said that she could not perform that night. It was later reported that the cause of the collapse was an inner ear infection which caused intense vertigo. The show was initially rescheduled for December 6, 2007,[28] but the date was once again rescheduled, and the concert finally occurred on February 29, 2008.[29] After her initial collapse in Nashville, she was able to perform in concerts at Mountain Stage on November 18, 2007,[30][citation needed] and at Duke University on November 19, 2007.[31]
In conjunction with the release of her 2009 album Far, Spektor was headlining at Serpentine Sessions, a series of concerts London's Hyde Park on June 29, 2009. Other European performances in 2009 include Glastonbury Festival, Hultsfred Festival, Oxegen 2009, T in the Park, Paradiso (Amsterdam), Latitude Festival, and Rock Werchter. Spektor has invited Brooklyn-based rock band Jupiter One to open concerts on her 2009 North American tour. As a part of that tour, on October 14, 2009 Spektor headlined a concert at the Radio City Music Hall in NYC.
On July 7, 2010, Regina performed at the Montreux Jazz Festival in Montreux, Switzerland.[32] Her cellist, Dan Cho, drowned the day before while swimming in Lake Geneva near the Chillon Castle.[33][34] She was described as distraught, shaken, and in tears and took several breaks to regain her composure.[35]
Media coverage[link]
Since 2005, Spektor's music has been used in various television programs and commercials. In late 2005 "Us" (from Soviet Kitsch) was used in a commercial as part of the What Do You Want To Watch? series for the United Kingdom's British Sky Broadcasting. The advert features a clip from a documentary on skateboarder Danny Way. In the summer of 2006, a clip from "Us" was used for the teaser website for Microsoft's Zune project at ComingZune.com, as well as for a promotional campaign for MtvU. The same track is used by Dutch telecom company KPN in a commercial. "Somedays" was used in a 2005 episode of CSI: NY and "Samson" was used in a 2006 episode of the same series. "On the Radio" was used in an episode of ABC's Grey's Anatomy. "Field Below" was used in a 2006 episode titled "The Last Word" of CBS's Criminal Minds. "Fidelity" has also been used in an episode of Grey's Anatomy titled "Six Days, Part 2", Veronica Mars titled "Wichita Linebacker", Brothers & Sisters titled "Sexual Politics", during the end credits of Love and Other Drugs, and in the Brazilian telenovela A Favorita. "Better" is currently being used in a commercial for XM Satellite Radio, an episode of "How I Met Your Mother", and the popular film My Sister's Keeper. Her song "Music Box" is currently being used in a commercial for JC Penney. Spektor also sang the title song "Little Boxes" of Showtime's television series Weeds in the episode "Mile Deep and a Foot Wide" (2006) and her "Ghost of Corporate Future" was used both at the beginning and end of the episode.[36] On January 21, 2007, she was featured on CBS News Sunday Morning.[11]
Spektor received increased attention in 2006 when her video for "Fidelity" was viewed over 200,000 times in two days on YouTube. On Sirius Radio's Left of Center channel, her single "Fidelity" was voted by listeners as the #1 song of 2006. Towards the end of 2006, VH1 showcased her as part of their "You Oughta Know: Artists on the Rise" featurettes: they played clips from the "Fidelity" music video and showed parts of an interview with Spektor during commercial breaks on the channel.[37] Spektor's video for "Fidelity" reached #3 on VH1's Top 20 Countdown.[citation needed]
Peter Gabriel recorded a version of "Après Moi" on his 2010 release Scratch My Back.
In Australia, Spektor's music has rapidly gained popularity in mainstream culture primarily due to Begin to Hope being played on the nation-wide radio station Triple J, where it eventually became a feature album. Prior to Begin to Hope, Spektor had only a small following in Australia in comparison to the US and Europe.
Spektor reached #33 on Blender magazine's top 100 of 2006 and was also listed as one of the "Hottest Women of...Rock!".[38] "Fidelity" was also used in a 2007 television commercial in New Zealand advertising Yahoo!Xtra, a new partnership between Yahoo! and Telecom's Xtra ISP. Also in 2007, the mobile phone company Vodafone used her lyric, "Come into my world..." from the track, "Hotel Song" on Begin to Hope, in an extensive TV advertising campaign in the UK and Ireland.
On October 1, 2007, Spektor's new video for "Better" was released on VH1 and YouTube, where it was viewed more than 100,000 times within the first 24 hours. "Fidelity" was used in the trailer for the film 27 Dresses, released on October 3, 2007.[39]
Her song "The Call" appeared prominently in The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian,[40] as part of the film's finale sequence. Spektor's song "Better" was used in the movie My Sister's Keeper, loosely based on the novel of the same name by Jodi Picoult. A section of "That Time" was featured in the film In Bruges. Additionally, "Us" and "Hero" are both featured on the soundtrack for the film (500) Days of Summer. Spin magazine profiled Spektor in their July 2009 issue, where she discussed her just-released album Far. The story was released in their digital edition that month, as well.[41] In August 2009, the song "Two Birds" was used in the 2009 Fall Campaign of the Polish TV station TVN. Also Regina's song "Eet" debuted on the show 90210 in April 2010.
On September 16, 2009, it was announced that Spektor would write the music for the musical Beauty, a modern adaptation of the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty, which is set to open during the 2011–12 Broadway season.[42]
In May 2010, Spektor performed for President Obama and his wife Michelle along with hundreds of other guests at the White House reception in honor of Jewish Heritage Month. She sang "Us" and "The Sword & the Pen", receiving a standing ovation begun by Michelle Obama.
The song "Human of the Year" featured prominently in the trailer and first episode of the 2011 HBO series Enlightened.
The song "All the Rowboats" was featured on The CW's Ringer in March 2012.
The Song "Hotel Song" was featured in the opening of the movie Friends with Kids.
Philanthropy[link]
In 2007, she covered John Lennon's "Real Love" for Instant Karma: The Amnesty International Campaign to Save Darfur. The following year, she participated in Songs for Tibet, an initiative to support the human rights situation in Tibet and the 14th Dalai Lama. The album was issued on August 5, 2008, via iTunes and on August 19 in music stores around the world.[43] On January 22, 2009, Spektor performed at the third annual Roe On The Rocks gig at the Bowery Ballroom to raise money for Planned Parenthood New York City.[44] Also, continuing with her support for Tibet, Regina Spektor played for Tibet House's annual concert at Carnegie Hall on February 26, 2010. Less than one month later, on March 23, 2010, Spektor gave a concert at the Fillmore at Irving Plaza in New York City to raise funds for the work of Doctors Without Borders in Haiti. Also, on April 27, she released a cover of Radiohead's song "No Surprises" with all proceeds going to Doctors Without Borders to help the earthquake victims in Haiti and Chile.
Discography[link]
Main article: Regina Spektor discography
Albums[link]
- 2001: 11:11
- 2002: Songs
- 2004: Soviet Kitsch
- 2006: Begin to Hope
- 2009: Far
- 2012: What We Saw from the Cheap Seats
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Album | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.S. | UK | IRE | AUS | NZ | BEL | SWE | |||||||||
| 2004 | "Carbon Monoxide" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | Soviet Kitsch | ||||||
| "Your Honour / The Flowers" | — | 104 | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| 2006 | "Us" | — | 81 | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| "On the Radio" | — | 60 | — | — | — | — | — | Begin to Hope | |||||||
| "Fidelity" | 51 | 45 | — | 50 | 16 | — | — | ||||||||
| 2007 | "Hotel Song" | — | — | 16 | — | — | — | — | |||||||
| "Samson" | — | 174 | — | 22 | — | 30 | 29 | ||||||||
| "Better" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| 2009 | "Laughing With" | 14* | — | — | — | — | 34 | — | Far | ||||||
| "Eet" | — | — | — | 79 | — | — | — | ||||||||
| 2010 | "No Surprises" | — | — | — | 96 | — | — | — | Charity download | ||||||
| 2012 | "All the Rowboats" | — | — | — | 91 | — | — | — | What We Saw from the Cheap Seats | ||||||
| "Don't Leave Me (Ne Me Quitte Pas)" | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||||||||
| "—" denotes singles that did not chart. * Hot 100 Singles Sales; did not chart on Billboard Hot 100 |
|||||||||||||||
Awards[link]
- Begin to Hope – Shortlist Music Prize (nominated)
- Studio8's Female Voice of August 2009 (won)
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f Soundcheck (2004-11-18), "Hot Hot Hot" New York Public Radio
- ^ "Regina Spektor - Refugee from Soviet kitsch". The Independent. 2009-07-03. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/regina-spektor--refugee-from-soviet-kitsch-1729328.html. Retrieved 2010-04-02.
- ^ a b Aizlewood, John (2006-08-24). "Regina Spektor: A Triumph That Began With Hope". thislondon.co.uk. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/music/gig-23351811-details/Regina+Spektor/gigReview.do?reviewId=23364423.
- ^ a b c d e f g Soundcheck interview (2005-09-13) "From Russia with Love". New York Public Radio.
- ^ Piano Woman June 12, 2006, New York Magazine/
- ^ Morrisset-Solo Forums
- ^ Roeschlein, Shane. "Regina Spektor: The Red Princess". themusicedge.com. http://www.themusicedge.com/moxie/news/featartist/regina-spektor-the-red-pr.shtml.
- ^ Versatile Regina Spektor floats among her song stories, Wisconsin State Journal (Madison, WI), October 12, 2006
- ^ a b "Regina Spektor: 'Art comes from a different place'" 12 May 2012 Guardian.
- ^ Orloff, Brian. "Regina Spektor's Got New "Hope"". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/9485254/regina_spektors_got_new_hope.
- ^ a b c Orloff, Brian (2007-10-21). "Regina Spektor's Boundless Talent". CBS News. CBS. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2007/01/18/sunday/main2371910.shtml.
- ^ a b c d Alonzo, Rod. "Making Stuff Up: An Interview With Regina Spektor". WOMANROCK.com. http://www.womanrock.com/features/regina_spektor.html.
- ^ a b c Murphy, John. "Regina Spektor – Mary Ann Meets The Gravediggers (review)". musicomh.com. http://www.musicomh.com/albums/regina-spektor_0106.htm.
- ^ Bridge, Colette (July 2006). "Nottingham Music: Paolo Nutini / Peaches / Regina Spektor: Tis the period of the singer / songwriter". BBC – Nottingham. http://www.bbc.co.uk/nottingham/music/2004/07/paolo_nutini_peaches_regina_spektor.shtml.
- ^ Holub, Annie (2006-11-02). "Spectral Musings: Six lines that will make you fall in love with Regina Spektor". Tucson Weekly. http://www.tucsonweekly.com/gbase/Music/Content?oid=88732.
- ^ a b c MySpace: Regina Spektor
- ^ National Public Radio. "Regina Spektor in Concert". http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=6161219.
- ^ Rolling Stone magazine issue 694, September 2009. "New York Screwball Pop Queen" by Jenny Eliscu, page18.
- ^ a b Block, Melissa. "Stories in Song: Regina Spektor's Begin to Hope". National Public Radio – All Things Considered. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5518985.
- ^ a b Regina Spektor | The A.V. Club
- ^ "Spectacular Spektor", by Susan Visakowitz (from Billboard.biz, 13 January 2007)
- ^ Music Snobbery: Regina Spektor Tells a Guy To Fuck Off
- ^ Music Snobbery: Regina Spektor @ Town Hall: Moscow on the Hudson
- ^ ABC News: Regina Spektor Rocks 'GMA'
- ^ "Regina Spektor in a Piano Shop". WNYC – New York Public Radio. 2005-01-28. http://www.wnyc.org/shows/tnbt/episodes/2005/01/28.
- ^ Epiphone Musical Instruments
- ^ http://www.nynews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070329/ENTERTAINMENT/703290453
- ^ Bill Friskics-Warren (2007-11-14). "Spektor rushed to the hospital before Ryman show". Tennessean.com. http://tennessean.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071114/ENTERTAINMENT01/71114057.
- ^ the Historic Ryman Auditorium
- ^ mountainstage.org
- ^ Spektor's official web site
- ^ Facebook post about by Regina Spektor on the death of Dan Cho
- ^ Swiss Newspaper 24Heures
- ^ GenevaLunch >> Montreux Jazz Festival: Regina Spektor and former Katy Perry bandmember dies
- ^ Spinner.com: Daniel Cho, Cellist for Regina Spektor, Reportedly Drowns in Lake Geneva
- ^ "Music from the hit series, Weeds". [[Showtime (TV network)|]]. http://www.sho.com/site/weeds/music.do.
- ^ "New Music Artists Info on You Oughta Know, Rising New Artists, See Photos & Watch Videos Online". VH1.com. http://www.vh1.com/artists/you_oughta_know/index.jhtml?extPop=popVspot(1537507).
- ^ "Hottest Women of... Rock!". Blender. http://www.blender.com/guide/articles.aspx?ID=2295&src=blender_ed.
- ^ "27 Dresses Movie Trailer". [1]. 2007-10-03. http://www.slashfilm.com/2007/10/03/27-dresses-movie-trailer.
- ^ "Pandora". http://www.pandora.com/music/song/regina+spektor/call#lyrics.
- ^ Digital Spin
- ^ Playbill.com article on "Sleeping Beauty"
- ^ E-Online (July 22, 2008) Sting, Matthews, Mayer Gamer for Tibet Than Beijing
- ^ NME.com (Nov. 17, 2008)
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Regina Spektor |
- Official site
- Regina Spektor at the Internet Movie Database
- Regina Spektor at the Open Directory Project
- "Regina Spektor" interview by Noel Murray (from The A.V. Club, 21 June 2006)
- Interview from Soundcheck, WNYC, 13 September 2005
- Interview from All Things Considered, National Public Radio, 28 June 2006
- Strangers Almanac Column on Regina Spektor from Glide Magazine
- NPR - All Songs Considered 7/22/2009 - Regina Spektor: When Every Sound Sings
- NPR All Things Considered 5/24/2012 - Regina Spektor Still Doesn't Write Anything Down
|
|||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Spektor, Regina |
| Alternative names | Реги́нa Ильи́нична Спе́ктор (Russian) |
| Short description | American singer-songwriter and pianist |
| Date of birth | February 18, 1980 |
| Place of birth | Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Regina_Spektor
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regina_Spektor
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Ryan Lewis | |
|---|---|
 Ryan Lewis (back) performing with Macklemore (front) at Sasquatch! Music Festival |
|
| Background information | |
| Born | (1988-03-25) March 25, 1988 (age 24) Spokane, Washington, U.S. |
| Origin | Seattle, Washington, U.S. |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupations | Producer, DJ |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Associated acts | Macklemore |
| Website | rlewis.com |
Ryan Lewis (born March 25, 1988) is an American music producer, musician, music video director, photographer, graphic designer, rapper and DJ currently based in Seattle. He is best known for his collaboration with American rapper Macklemore (Ben Haggerty) producing Macklemore & Ryan Lewis — The VS. EP (2009), The Heist (2012) and a handful of other singles. Since the beginning of their collaboration in late 2008, Ryan has produced, recorded, engineered and mixed all of the music, directed music videos ("Same Love", "Thrift Shop", "And We Danced", "Otherside (Remix)"), designed visuals (album art, web design, posters) and DJed the live show.
In a recent mini-documentary, Lewis recalled meeting Macklemore for the first time. "When I met him, it was a really different time. It was less than a year after [2005's] Language of My World had come out. So he had buzz. For me being a young kid, it was very exciting to link with him. The bulk of our original relationship was photo shoots. I became kind of his photographer."[1]
Contents |
[edit] The Heist
On October 9, 2012, Macklemore & Ryan Lewis released The Heist. The album debuted at #2 on the Billboard charts and #1 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and Top Rap Albums, selling 78,000 copies in the first week.[2] The album also debuted at #1 on iTunes Digital Albums chart.[3] The duo's album has received more than 1 million plays on SoundCloud, 70 million YouTube views and was accompanied by a sold-out 50-date U.S. and Canadian tour.[4]
Discography[link]
(All credited to Macklemore & Ryan Lewis)
Studio albums[link]
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Sales | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US [5] |
US R&B [6] |
US Rap [7] |
AUS [8] |
BEL (FL) [9] |
CAN [10] |
FR [11] |
NZ [12] |
|||
| The Heist (with Macklemore) |
|
2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 175 | 4 | 186 | 24 | |
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | ||||||||||
- EPs
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions | Tracklist |
|---|---|---|---|
| US | |||
| The VS. EP |
|
– |
|
| The VS. Redux |
|
– |
|
Singles[link]
| Title | Year | Peak chart positions | Certifications | Album | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US [15] |
US Alt. [16] |
US R&B [17] |
US Rap [18] |
AUS [8] |
CAN [19] |
FRA [20] |
GER [21] |
IRL [22] |
NZ [12] |
||||
| "My Oh My" (with Macklemore) |
2010 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | The Heist | |
| "Wing$"[A] (with Macklemore) |
2011 | — | — | 57 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| "Can't Hold Us" (with Macklemore featuring Ray Dalton) |
113 | — | 39 | — | — | — | 186 | — | 24 | — | |||
| "Same Love"[B] (with Macklemore featuring Mary Lambert) |
2012 | 117 | — | 36 | — | 1 | — | — | — | — | 1 | ||
| "Thrift Shop" (with Macklemore featuring Wanz) |
1 | 17 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 50 | 13 | 1 | |||
| "—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. | |||||||||||||
Notes[link]
- A ^ "Wing$" did not enter the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but peaked at number 7 on the Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, which acts as an extension to the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart.[27]
- B ^ "Same Love" did not enter the Billboard Hot 100, but peaked at number 25 on the Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart, which acts as an extension to the Hot 100.[28]
References[link]
- ^ Frydenlund, Zach (October 24, 2012). "Video: Macklemore & Ryan Lewis Documentary" Complex.
- ^ Caulfield, Keith (October 17, 2012). "Macklemore & Ryan Lewis' 'Heist' Album Debuts At No. 2 On Billboard 200, Mumford Holds at No. 1" Billboard.
- ^ Knopper, Steve (October 17, 2012). "On the Charts: Mumford & Sons Slip, Macklemore and Ryan Lewis Impress" Rolling Stone.
- ^ Halperin, Shirley (October 24, 2012). "The Triumph of Macklemore & Ryan Lewis: How Hip-Hop's DIY Duo Landed a No. 2 Debut With 'The Heist'" The Hollywood Reporter.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Billboard 200". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=305&g=Albums. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: R&B/Hip-Hop Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=333&g=Albums. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Rap Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=335&g=Albums. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ^ a b "Discography Macklemore". australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Macklemore. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
- ^ "Discography Macklemore" (in Dutch). ultratop.be. Hung Medien. http://www.ultratop.be/nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Macklemore. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Canadian Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=309&g=Albums. Retrieved November 2, 2012.
- ^ "Discography Macklemore" (in French). lescharts.com. Hung Medien. http://www.lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Macklemore. Retrieved January 30, 2013.
- ^ a b "Discography Macklemore". charts.org.nz. Hung Medien. http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Macklemore. Retrieved November 10, 2012.
- ^ Horowitz, Steven J. (2013-01-03). "Hip Hop Album Sales: The Week Ending 12/30/2012 | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.22415/title.hip-hop-album-sales-the-week-ending-12-30-2012. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
- ^ "ARIA Charts > Accreditations > 2013Album". Australian Recording Industry Association. http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesALBUMaccreds2013.htm. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=379&g=Singles. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Alternative Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=377&g=Singles. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: R&B/Hip-Hop Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=367&g=Singles. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Rap Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=1222&g=Singles. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore Album & Song Chart History: Canadian Hot 100". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/macklemore/chart-history/1250363?f=793&g=Singles. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ "Discographie Macklemore" (in French). lescharts.com. Hung Medien. http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Macklemore. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
- ^ "Macklemore (Single)" (in German). charts.de. Media Control Charts. http://charts.de/suche.asp?search=Macklemore&x=0&y=0&country=de&kategorie=single. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
- ^ "Irish Charts – Top 100 Singles – Week ending 8th November 2012". Irish Recorded Music Association. Archived from the original on November 9, 2012. http://archive.is/8BpY. Retrieved November 9, 2012.
- ^ "ARIA Charts > Accreditations > 2013Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesSINGLEaccreds2013.htm. Retrieved 2013-01-20.
- ^ "NZ Top 40 Singles Chart: 03 December 2012". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. http://nztop40.co.nz/chart/singles?chart=2100. Retrieved December 22, 2012.
- ^ "ARIA Charts > Accreditations > 2013Singles". Australian Recording Industry Association. http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupagesSINGLEaccreds2013.htm. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
- ^ Horowitz, Steven J. (2013-01-03). "Macklemore & Ryan Lewis' "Thrift Shop" Certified Platinum | Get The Latest Hip Hop News, Rap News & Hip Hop Album Sales". HipHop DX. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.22418/title.macklemore-ryan-lewis-thrift-shop-certified-platinum. Retrieved 2013-01-28.
- ^ "Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Songs – Issue Date: 2012-11-17". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/chart-search-results/singles/14301397. Retrieved November 8, 2012.
- ^ "Bubbling Under Hot 100 – Issue Date: 2012-12-29". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/charts/chart-search-results/singles/14321097. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lewis, Ryan |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American music producer |
| Date of birth | March 25, 1988 |
| Place of birth | Puyallup, Washington, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the musician. For her self-titled debut album, see Taylor Swift (album).
| Taylor Swift | |
|---|---|
 Swift performing during the Australian leg of her Speak Now Tour in 2012 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Taylor Alison Swift |
| Born | (1989-12-13) December 13, 1989 (age 22) Reading, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Genres | Country-pop, pop, country, alternative rock |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, actress |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, banjo, ukulele, piano |
| Years active | 2006–present |
| Labels | Big Machine |
| Website | TaylorSwift.com |
Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter and occasional actress. Raised in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of fourteen to pursue a career in country music. She signed to the independent label Big Machine Records and became the youngest songwriter ever hired by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house. The release of Swift's self-titled debut album in 2006 established her as a country music star. "Our Song", her third single, made her the youngest sole writer and singer of a number one song on the country chart. She received a Best New Artist nomination at the 50th Grammy Awards.
Swift's second album, Fearless, was released in late 2008. Buoyed by the chart success of the singles "Love Story" and "You Belong with Me", Fearless attracted a crossover audience and became the top-selling album of 2009. The record won four Grammy Awards, with Swift becoming the youngest ever Album of the Year winner. Fearless also received Album of the Year plaudits at the American Music Awards, Academy of Country Music Awards and Country Music Association Awards, making it the most awarded album in country music history. In 2010, Swift released her third album, Speak Now, which sold over one million copies in its first week. She then embarked on the 111-date Speak Now World Tour, which was attended by over 1.6 million fans and has become one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time. The album's third single, "Mean", won two Grammy Awards for Best Country Song and Best Country Solo Performance. Swift is currently recording her fourth studio album, due for release in the fall of 2012.
Swift's work has earned her numerous accolades, including six Grammy Awards, ten AMAs, seven CMAs, six ACMs and 13 BMI Awards. She has sold over 22 million albums and 50 million song downloads worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. Swift has endorsement deals with Target, CoverGirl, Sony, Elizabeth Arden, Walmart and American Greetings. As a philanthropist, Swift has placed particular emphasis on arts education, children's literacy and natural disaster relief funds. In addition to her music career, Swift has appeared as an actress in the crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (2009), the romantic comedy Valentine's Day (2010) and the animated film The Lorax (2012).
Contents |
Early life[link]
Taylor Alison Swift was born on December 13, 1989 in Reading, Pennsylvania.[1] She is the daughter of Scott Swift, a Merrill Lynch financial adviser,[2][3] and Andrea (née Gardner), a homemaker who previously worked as a mutual fund marketing executive.[1][4] Swift was named after singer James Taylor; her mother believed a gender-neutral name would help her forge a successful business career.[5][6] She has a younger brother, Austin, who attends Vanderbilt University.[7] She spent the early years of her life on an eleven-acre Christmas tree farm in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania and was educated at the fee-paying Wyndcroft School.[8] When Swift was nine years old, the family moved to Wyomissing, Pennsylvania,[9][10] where she attended Wyomissing Area Junior/Senior High School.[11] Swift spent her summers at her parent's vacation home in Stone Harbor, New Jersey[12] and has described it as the place "where most of my childhood memories were formed".[10]
Swift's first hobby was English horse riding. Her mother Andrea put her in a saddle when Swift was nine months old and she later competed in horse shows.[13][14] Her family owned several Quarter horses and a Shetland pony.[14] At the age of nine, Swift turned her attention to musical theatre and performed in Berks Youth Theatre Academy productions of Grease, Annie, Bye Bye Birdie and The Sound of Music.[15][8] She travelled regularly to Broadway, New York for vocal and acting lessons. However, "after a few years of auditioning in New York and not getting anything”, Swift became interested in country music.[16] She was inspired by LeAnn Rimes's Blue[17] and her maternal grandmother, Marjorie Finlay, an opera singer.[8] When she was in fourth grade, Swift won a national poetry contest with a three-page poem, "Monster in My Closet".[18] At the age of eleven, after many attempts,[19] Swift won a local talent competition by singing a rendition of LeAnn Rimes’s “Big Deal”, and was given the opportunity to appear as the opening act for Charlie Daniels at a Strausstown amphitheater.[15] She spent her weekends performing at local festivals, fairs, coffeehouses, karaoke contests, garden clubs and Boy Scout meetings.[20][4] This interest in country music isolated Swift from her middle school peers.[21][22]
After watching a Behind the Music episode about Faith Hill,[23] Swift recorded a demo of karaoke covers, and travelled with her mother to Nashville, Tennessee for spring break to leave a copy of the demo with record labels along Music Row. She received label rejections and realized that "everyone in that town wanted to do what I wanted to do. So, I kept thinking to myself, I need to figure out a way to be different".[23] Swift began performing the "The Star Spangled Banner" at many sporting events, hoping she would be offered a recording contract. On one occasion, an eleven-year-old Swift high-fived Jay-Z after singing the national anthem at a 76ers game in Philadelphia.[24] At the age of twelve, Swift was shown by a computer repairman how to play three chords on a guitar, inspiring her to write her first song, "Lucky You".[25][26] She then recorded a second demo of original songs.[15] In 2003, Swift and her parents began working with music manager Dan Dymtrow, after he spotted her singing at the US Open.[27] Swift's second demo then caught the attention of RCA Records, who offered the eight-grader an artist development deal. In 2004, Swift modelled for Abercrombie and Fitch as part of their "Rising Stars" campaign and had an original song included in a Maybelline Cosmetics compilation CD.[28]
When Swift was fourteen, her father transferred to the Nashville office of Merrill Lynch and the family relocated to a lake-shore house in Hendersonville, Tennessee.[1] Swift has said her parents "presented it as a move to a nice community" rather than as her chance to become a star.[29] Her mother has said, "We've always told her that this is not about putting food on our table or making our dreams come true."[30] In Tennessee, Swift attended Hendersonville High School for her freshman and sophomore years.[31] Later, to accommodate her touring schedule, Swift transferred to the Aaron Academy, a private Christian school which offered homeschooling services, and earned her high school diploma in 2008.[32]
Music career[link]
[edit] 2004–08: Nashville songwriting sessions and Taylor Swift release
Swift moved to Nashville at the age of fourteen, having secured an artist development deal with RCA Records. Her musical influences included the Dixie Chicks, Shania Twain, LeAnn Rimes, Faith Hill,[29] Tom Petty,[33] Sheryl Crow,[34] Melissa Etheridge, Pat Benatar,[35] Reba McEntire, Garth Brooks,[36] Patsy Cline, Loretta Lynn and Tammy Wynette.[37] Swift had writing sessions with experienced songwriters such as Troy Verges, Brett Beavers, Brett James, Mac McAnally and the Warren Brothers,[38][39] but eventually formed a lasting working relationship with Liz Rose.[40] Swift saw Rose performing at an RCA songwriter event and suggested that they write together.[41] They began meeting for two-hour writing sessions every Tuesday afternoon after school.[42] Rose has said that the sessions were "some of the easiest I've ever done. Basically, I was just her editor. She'd write about what happened in school that day. She had such a clear vision of what she was trying to say. And she'd come in with the most incredible hooks".[43][42] Swift also began recording demos with producer Nathan Chapman.[41] After performing at a BMI Songwriter's Circle showcase at The Bitter End, New York,[39] Swift became the youngest songwriter ever hired by the Sony/ATV Tree publishing house.[44]
Swift left RCA Records when she was fifteeen; the company wanted her to record the work of other songwriters and wait until she was eighteen to release an album, but she felt ready to launch her career with her own material.[45][19] She also parted ways with manager Dan Dymtrow, who later took legal action against Swift and her parents.[28] At an industry showcase at Nashville's The Bluebird Café in 2005, Swift caught the attention of Scott Borchetta, a Dreamworks Records executive who was preparing to form his own independent record label, Big Machine Records.[40] Swift was one of the new label's first signings.[40] As an introduction to the country music business, Borchetta arranged for Swift to intern at the CMA Music Festival; she acted as the artist escort for Darryl Worley.[46][47]
Swift began working on her self-titled debut album shortly after signing her record deal. After experimenting with veteran Nashville producers, Swift persuaded Big Machine to hire her demo producer Nathan Chapman.[19] It was his first time to record a studio album but Swift felt they had the right "chemistry".[19] In the end, Chapman produced all but one of the tracks on Taylor Swift.[19] She has described the album as the "diary" of her early teens[48] and most songs were written during her freshman year of high school.[19] As a result, the songs describe coming of age experiences such as insecurity, young love, and teenage angst.[19] She has said that, although "it sounds like I've had 500 boyfriends", a lot of the songs are observational.[19] Swift wrote three of the album's songs alone, including two singles, and co-wrote the remaining eight with writers such as Liz Rose, Robert Ellis Orrall and Angelo Petraglia.[49] Musically, the album has been described as "a mix of trad-country instruments and spry rock guitars".[50]
Taylor Swift was released in October 2006 and received generally positive reviews from music critics.[51] PopMatters hoped Swift would be "able to find an accomodation between the country tradition and her very obvious pop sensibilities, because Taylor Swift suggests she has much to offer".[52] The New Yorker's Sasha Frere-Jones described Swift as a "prodigy". She noted that "Our Song" "stop[ed] me in my tracks" and praised the lyrics: “He’s got a one-hand feel on the steering wheel, the other on my heart".[53] Country Weekly felt Swift demonstrated "an honesty, intelligence and idealism with which listeners of any age will be able to connect" and noted that "the more thoughtful material suggests a talent poised to last well past high school".[54] AllMusic stated that, while listening to the album, it was "never in doubt" that "Swift is a talent to be reckoned with".[55] Rolling Stone described Swift as "bright-eyed but remarkably seasoned", and admired "Our Song"'s "insanely hooky sing-song melody that's as Britney as it is Patsy".[50]
Big Machine Records was still in its infancy upon the release of the lead single "Tim McGraw" in June 2006, and Swift and her mother helped "stuff the CD singles into envelopes to send to radio".[30] She spent much of 2006 promoting Taylor Swift in a radio tour and later commented, "Radio tours for most artists last six weeks. Mine lasted six months."[19] Swift painted canvases (inspired by Jackson Pollock) to gift to radio station managers who played her music.[56] She took part in "GAC Short Cuts", a part-documentary, part-music-video series designed to introduce her to country music fans.[57][58] She also made television appearances on Good Morning America,[59] The Megan Mullally Show,[59] America's Got Talent,[60] and TRL.[61] Swift, a self-described "kid of the internet",[62] used MySpace to build a fanbase. She wrote her own blog posts, left comments on her fans' accounts and personally respond to the messages that were sent to her.[63] This was, at the time, "revolutionary in country music".[64][57] Borchetta has said that his decision to sign a sixteen year old singer-songwriter initially raised eyebrows among his record industry peers[57] but Swift tapped into a previously unknown market: teenage girls who listen to country music.[1][57]
Following "Tim McGraw", four further singles were released throughout 2007 and 2008: "Teardrops on My Guitar", "Our Song", "Picture to Burn" and "Should've Said No". All were highly successful on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart, with "Our Song" and "Should've Said No" both reaching number one. "Our Song" made Swift the youngest sole writer and singer of a number one country song.[65] "Teardrops on My Guitar" became a minor pop hit; it reached number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100.[66][67] The album sold 39,000 copies during its first week[68] and, as of March 2011, has sold over 5.5 million copies worldwide.[69] Swift also released a holiday album, Sounds of the Season: The Taylor Swift Holiday Collection, in October 2007 and an EP, Beautiful Eyes, in July 2008.[70][71]
Swift toured extensively in support of Taylor Swift. In addition to festival and theater dates, Swift performed as an opening act for several country artists' concert tours. She opened for Rascal Flatts on several dates in late 2006.[59][72] In 2007, she served as the opening act on twenty dates for George Strait's 2007 United States tour,[73] several dates on Kenny Chesney's tour[74] and selected dates on Brad Paisley's Bonfires & Amplifiers Tour.[75][76] Also in 2007, Swift appeared as the opening act on several dates for Tim McGraw and Faith Hill's joint Soul2Soul II Tour.[77] Swift again opened for Flatts for their Still Feels Good Tour in 2008.[78] In addition to performing her own material, Swift played covers of songs by Beyoncé and Rihanna.[79] She conducted meet-and-greet sessions with fans before and after her concerts; these lasted for up to four hours.[80][81]
In 2007, Swift and Alan Jackson were jointly named the Nashville Songwriters Association's "Songwriter/Artists of the Year". Swift was the youngest person ever to be honored with the title.[82] She also won the Country Music Association’s Horizon Award for Best New Artist.[83] In 2008, she won Top New Female Vocalist at the Academy of Country Music Awards[84] and Favorite Country Female Artist at the American Music Awards.[85] She won seven BMI Awards for songs featured on Taylor Swift.[86] Swift was also nominated for a 2008 Grammy Award in the category of Best New Artist, but lost to Amy Winehouse.[87]
[edit] 2008–10: Fearless release, MTV VMA incident and media backlash
Swift's second studio album, Fearless, was released in November 2008.[88] She wrote seven of the album's songs alone, including two singles, and co-wrote the remaining six with songwriters Liz Rose, John Rich, Colbie Caillat and Hillary Lindsey.[49] While Swift wrote many of the songs on tour, she made a conscious effort not to include "road songs": "As a 16-year-old girl, I could never relate to those songs about playing a different city every night. I want to write about feelings and love and the lack of love".[89] She has said that the album title "means you’re afraid of a lot of things, but you jump anyway".[90] She co-produced the album with Nathan Chapman.[49] Musically, the record is characterized by "loud, lean guitars and rousing choruses", with the occasional "bit of fiddle and banjo tucked into the mix".[91]
Fearless received generally positive reviews from music critics.[92] The New York Times described Swift as "one of pop's finest songwriters, country’s foremost pragmatist and more in touch with her inner life than most adults".[93] The Village Voice felt she displayed "preternatural wisdom and inclusiveness", "masterfully avoiding the typical diarist's pitfalls of trite banality and pseudo-profound bullshit".[94] Rolling Stone described her as "a songwriting savant with an intuitive gift for verse-chorus-bridge architecture" whose "squirmingly intimate and true" songs seemed to be "literally ripped from a suburban girl's diary".[95] USA Today found it "a pleasure to hear a gifted teenager who sounds like a gifted teenager, rather than a mouthpiece for a bunch of older pros' collective notion of adolescent yearning."[96] The New Yorker described it as an album "without a bad track", adding that "the album’s finest effort, "Fifteen", will feature in yearbook quotes for years".[97] Entertainment Weekly noted that the album would appeal mainly to young girls – "she sounds like a real teen, not some manufactured vixen-Lolita" – but predicted it would be "exciting to watch her precocious talent grow".[98] Music critic Robert Christgau described Swift as "an uncommonly-to-impossibly strong and gifted teenage girl".[99]
Swift promoted Fearless heavily upon its release. An episode of The Ellen DeGeneres Show was dedicated to the album launch[57] and Swift appeared on many other chat shows.[100] She communicated with fans using social media platforms such as twitter and personal video blogs.[57] In October 2008, she appeared at the CMT Giants: Alan Jackson event, performing a cover of Jackson's "Drive (For Daddy Gene)".[101] In November 2008, Swift took part in a joint, televised concert with rock band Def Leppard in Nashville.[102][103] She performed her song "Fifteen" with Miley Cyrus at the 51st Grammy Awards in February 2009.[104] In April 2009, she performed a cover of George Strait's "Run" at a televised ACM event honoring Strait as Artist of the Decade.[105] Swift hosted and appeared as the musical guest on Saturday Night Live in November 2009.[106] The lead single from the album, "Love Story", was released in September 2008 and became the second best-selling country single of all time, peaking at number four on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[67][107] Four more singles were released throughout 2008 and 2009: "White Horse", "You Belong with Me", "Fifteen" and "Fearless". "You Belong with Me" was the album's highest-charting single, peaking at number two on the Billboard Hot 100.[108] The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 Album Chart with sales of 592,304 and has since sold over 8.6 million copies worldwide.[109][110] It was the top-selling album of 2009 and brought Swift much crossover success.[111]
Swift carried out her first headlining tour from April 2009 to June 2010. As part of the 105-date Fearless Tour, Swift played 90 dates in North America, six dates in Europe, eight dates in Australia and one date in Asia.[112] The stage show included multiple costume changes, dancers and a fairy-tale castle set.[113] She sang a cover of Justin Timberlake's "What Goes Around... Comes Around" nightly, intertwined with her own "You're Not Sorry".[114] Swift invited John Mayer, Faith Hill and Katy Perry to perform one-off duets with her at various dates during the North American tour.[115][116][117] Justin Bieber, Kelly Pickler and Gloriana were the support acts.[118] The tour was attended by more than 1.1 million fans and has grossed over $63 million.[119] Taylor Swift: Journey to Fearless, a concert film, was aired on television and later released on DVD and Blu-ray.[120] Also in 2009, Swift performed as a supporting act for Keith Urban.[121]
File:Kanye-West-grabs-the-mic-2009-vma.jpg
Kanye West taking the microphone from Swift at the MTV Video Music Awards in 2009
In September 2009, Swift became the first country music artist to win an MTV Video Music Award when "You Belong with Me" was named Best Female Video.[122] Her acceptance speech was interrupted by rapper Kanye West, who had been involved in a number of other award show incidents.[123] West declared Beyoncé's video for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", nominated in the same category, to be "one of the best videos of all time." Many audience members booed West,[124][125] prompting him to flip off the crowd.[126][124] He then handed the microphone back to a speechless Swift.[124][127] Backstage, Swift was seen "hysterically crying".[124] According to Rolling Stone, when Swift's mother confronted West, he gave "a half-hearted apology in which he added he still thought Beyoncé's video was superior".[128] West was removed from the event.[124][126][129] When Beyoncé later won the award for Video of the Year, she invited Swift onstage to finish her speech.[124][130] In the event's press room, Swift, who in 2008 had expressed a desire to sing a hook on a Kanye West rap song,[131] was asked if she had "any hard feelings" towards West: "I don’t know him, and I’ve never met him, so... I don’t want to start anything because I had a great night tonight."[128][132]
The incident received much media attention and inspired many Internet memes.[133] President Barack Obama, in an "off the record" comment, called West a "jackass".[134] Former US President Jimmy Carter said West's interruption was "completely uncalled for".[135] West's behavior was criticized by celebrities, including Eminem, Snoop Dogg and Lady Gaga.[126][136][137][128] The following day, West apologized for his verbal outburst both in a blog entry and during an appearance on The Jay Leno Show.[124][125] He maintained that, while Swift was "very talented", "Beyoncé's video was the best of this decade!!!! ... I gave my awards to Outkast when they deserved it over me ... I'm not crazy y'all, I'm just real."[138] Two days after the VMAs, Swift told an interviewer that West had not spoken to her since the ceremony.[139] West then contacted her to offer a personal apology, which Swift accepted: "Kanye did call me, and he was very sincere in his apology."[122][139] It has been said that the incident and subsequent media attention turned Swift into "a bona-fide mainstream celebrity".[140]
Swift released a cover of Tom Petty's "American Girl", exclusively through Rhapsody in June 2009[141] and continues to make her stage entrance to Petty's recording of the song.[142] Swift contributed backing vocals to John Mayer's "Half of My Heart", featured on his fourth album, in November 2009.[143] Mayer wrote the song as a tribute to Tom Petty and Fleetwood Mac: "I thought, 'Well, if this is going to be my love letter to that style of music, who's going to be the Stevie Nicks in this equation?' And I thought, 'This Taylor Swift girl is going to be around for a long time."[144] The song received positive reviews from music critics.[145][146][147] Swift and Mayer performed the song live at Madison Square Garden, New York in December 2009.[148] It was released as the album's third single in June 2010 and peaked at number 25 on the Billboard Hot 100.[149] Swift collaborated with a number of other artists in 2008 and 2009. She co-wrote and recorded "Best Days of Your Life" with Kelly Pickler.[150] She co-wrote two songs for the Hannah Montana: The Movie soundtrack – "You'll Always Find Your Way Back Home" and "Crazier" – with Martin Johnson and Robert Ellis Orrall, respectively.[151] Swift also provided vocals for Boys Like Girls's "Two Is Better Than One", written by Martin Johnson.[152][153][154][155] In January 2010, Swift contributed two songs – including "Today Was a Fairytale" – to the Valentine's Day soundtrack[156] and recorded a cover of Better Than Ezra's "Breathless" for the Hope for Haiti Now album.[157]
In November 2009, Swift became the youngest ever artist, and one of only six women, to be named Entertainer of the Year by the Country Music Association.[158] Fearless also won the Association's Album of the Year award.[158] The album won many other accolades and has become the most awarded album in country music history.[159] Swift was the youngest ever artist to win the Academy of Country Music's Album of the Year honor.[160] The American Music Awards honored Swift with Artist of the Year and Favorite Country Album plaudits.[161] She was awarded the Hal David Starlight Award by the Songwriters Hall of Fame[162] and was named Songwriter/Artists of the Year by the Nashville Songwriters Association.[163] She won four BMI Awards.[164] Billboard named her 2009's Artist of the Year.[165] Swift was included in Time's annual list of the 100 Most Influential People in 2010.[166]
In January 2010, Swift won four Grammy Awards for Album of the Year, Best Country Album, Best Female Country Vocal Performance and Best Country Song, from a total of eight nominations.[167][168] She was the youngest ever artist to win Album of the Year.[169] During the ceremony, Swift sang "Rhiannon" and "You Belong with Me" with Stevie Nicks. Her vocal performance received negative reviews and sparked a widespread media backlash.[140][170] Her vocals were described variously as "badly off-key", "strikingly bad" and "incredibly wretched".[171][172] While The New York Times found it "refreshing to see someone so gifted make the occasional flub" and described Swift as "the most important new pop star of the past few years",[169] music critic Bob Lefsetz predicted that her career would end "overnight".[173][174] In April 2010, Stevie Nicks, writing in Time, defended the singer: "Taylor reminds me of myself in her determination and her childlike nature. It's an innocence that's so special and so rare. This girl writes the songs that make the whole world sing, like Neil Diamond or Elton John ... The female rock-'n'-roll-country-pop songwriter is back, and her name is Taylor Swift. And it's women like her who are going to save the music business."[166]
[edit] 2010–12: Speak Now release, 13-month world tour and collaborations
Swift released her third studio album, Speak Now, in October 2010.[175] She wrote all twelve songs alone: "I'd get my best ideas at 3 a.m. in Arkansas and I didn't have a co-writer around."[176] Album recording sessions took place in California, Tennessee and Kentucky over a two year period.[177][178] Swift, who co-produced the record with longtime collaborator Nathan Chapman,[179] has described it as "a collection of confessions—things I wish I had said when I was in the moment".[180] She originally intended to call the album Enchanted but Scott Borchetta, her record label's CEO, felt the title did not reflect the album's more adult themes: "She had played me a bunch of the new songs. I looked at her and I'm like, 'Taylor, this record isn't about fairy tales and high school anymore. That's not where you're at'".[181] Musically, it has been said that the album "expands beyond country-pop to border both alternative rock and dirty bubblegum pop".[182]
Speak Now received generally positive reviews from music critics.[183] USA Today felt that Swift's songwriting skills would remind listeners "what all the fuss was about in the first place", with the album capturing "the sweet ache of becoming an adult".[184] The Los Angeles Times praised her ability as a songwriter to "hit on common experiences that feel unique".[182] The New York Times described the album as savage, musically diverse and "excellent too, possibly her best".[179] The Village Voice found that the album demanded "a true appreciation of Swift's talent, which is not confessional, but dramatic: Like a procession of country songwriters before her, she creates characters and situations—some from life—and finds potent ways to describe them."[185] Entertainment Weekly noted that while love may confound her, "the art of expert songcraft clearly doesn't".[186] Music critic John Christgau found the album's songs "overlong and overworked" but remarked that "they evince an effort that bears a remarkable resemblance to care—that is, to caring in the best, broadest, and most emotional sense".[99] Rolling Stone described Swift as one of the best songwriters in "pop, rock or country": "Swift might be a clever Nashville pro who knows all the hitmaking tricks, but she's also a high-strung, hyper-romantic gal with a melodramatic streak the size of the Atchafalaya Swamp".[187]
Swift carried out an extensive promotional campaign prior to Speak Now's release.[188] She appeared on various talk shows and morning shows, and gave free mini-concerts in unusual locations, including an open-decker bus on Hollywood Boulevard and a departure lounge at JFK airport.[189][190] She took part in a "guitar pull" alongside Kris Kristofferson, Emmylou Harris, Vince Gill and Lionel Ritchie at LA's Club Nokia; the musicians shared the stage and took turns introducing and playing acoutic versions of their songs to raise money for the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum.[191][192] The album's lead single, "Mine", was released in August 2010 and five further singles were released throughout 2010 and 2011: "Back to December", "Mean", "The Story of Us", "Sparks Fly" and "Ours".[193] Speak Now was a major commercial success, debuting at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart. Its sales of 1,047,000 copies made it the sixteenth album in United States history to sell one million copies in a single week.[194] As of February 2012, Speak Now has sold over four million copies in the US[195] and over 5.7 million copies worldwide.[196][197] In her career, as of May 2012, Swift has sold over 22 million albums[198] and 50 million digital tracks worldwide.[199]
In September 2010, Kanye West's 2009 VMA interruption once again became newsworthy when West used his twitter account to apologize to Swift, referring to her as "just a lil girl with dreams like the rest of us": ""I wrote a song for Taylor Swift that's so beautiful and I want her to have it. If she won't take it then I'll perform it for her." Later that month, both artists performed at the 2010 VMAs. Swift sang "Innocent", a song widely believed to be about West, which The Washington Post has described as "a small masterpiece of passive aggressiveness, a vivisection dressed up as a peace offering".[200] Music critics found Swift's performance overly serious and "petty".[201][202] Speaking in November 2010, West said he failed to see what was "so arrogant about that moment" and described his actions as "selfless". He added that "if it was the other way around" and Swift were an established artist who had "made the video of her career, do you think she would have lost to a brand new artist? Hell no!"[203][204] Also that month, he claimed that, "If I wasn't drunk, I would have been on stage longer ... Taylor never came to my defense at any interview. And rode the waves and rode it and rode it".[205][206] At the Costume Institute Gala in May 2011, Swift and West came face-to-face on the red carpet. West was observed to hold "a hand out, and the two exchanged a studiedly casual, “down low” high five".[1]
Swift toured throughout 2011 and early 2012 in support of Speak Now. As part of the thirteen-month, 111-date world tour, Swift played seven shows in Asia, twelve shows in Europe, 80 shows in North America and twelve shows in Australasia.[207] Three dates on the US tour were rescheduled after Swift fell ill with bronchitis.[208] The stage show was inspired by Broadway musical theatre, with choreographed routines, elaborate set-pieces, pyrotechnics and numerous costume changes.[209][210] Swift invited many musicians to join her for one-off duets during the North American tour. Appearances were made by James Taylor, Jason Mraz, Shawn Colvin, Johnny Rzeznik, Andy Grammer, Tal Bachman, Justin Bieber, Selena Gomez, Nicki Minaj, Nelly, B.o.B., Usher, Flo Rida, T.I., Jon Foreman, Jim Adkins, Hayley Williams, Hot Chelle Rae, Ronnie Dunn, Darius Rucker, Tim McGraw and Kenny Chesney.[211][212] The tour was attended by over 1.6 million fans and has grossed over $123 million, becoming one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time.[207] Swift's first live album, Speak Now World Tour: Live, featuring all seventeen performances from the North American leg of the tour, was released in November 2011.[213]
During the North American and Australasian tour legs, Swift wrote different song lyrics on her left arm for each performance. She has said that the lyrics should be viewed as a nightly "mood ring"[214] and The New Yorker has cited the practice as an example of Swift's "keen understanding of what fuels fan obsession in the first place: a desire for intimacy between singer and listener".[1] Artists quoted include Tom Petty, Carole King, Neil Young, Bruce Springsteen, Elton John, Joni Mitchell, Ryan Adams, Patty Griffin, Band of Horses, Jimmy Eat World, Death Cab For Cutie, Alanis Morrissette, Rachael Yamagata, Erin McCarley, Mindy Smith and Martina McBride.[215][216] Swift also performed many acoustic cover versions during her North American tour. In each city, she paid tribute to a homegrown artist.[217] She has said the cover versions allowed her to be "spontaneous" in an otherwise well-rehearsed show: "You'll have a lot of people who will come to more than one show, and I want them to get a different experience every time."[218] Artists covered include Justin Timberlake, Tori Amos, TLC, Pink, Fall Out Boy, Dave Matthews Band, Michelle Branch, Jordin Sparks, Maroon 5, Train, John Mellencamp, Kim Carnes, Avril Lavigne, The Jackson 5, Carolyn Dawn Johnson, Gwen Stefani, All American Rejects, Britney Spears and Eminem.[219]
At the 54th Grammy Awards in February 2012, Swift's song "Mean" won Best Country Song and Best Country Solo Performance.[220] She also performed "Mean" during the ceremony. The song is believed to be a rebuttal to Bob Lefsetz, one of the most vocal critics of her 2010 Grammy performance.[174] Lefsetz had previously been a supporter of the singer's career,[221] and Swift and Lefsetz had corresponded occasionally by email and telephone.[174] Time felt she "delivered her comeback on-key and with a vengeance"[222] while USA Today remarked that the criticism in 2010 seemed to have "made her a better songwriter and live performer".[223]
Swift was named Songwriter/Artist of the Year by the Nashville Songwriters Association in both 2010 and 2011. During the 2011 ceremony, she played an acoustic version of "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)" in honor of Alan Jackson, a Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame inductee,[224] who later thanked Swift in his speech for "the prettiest version I've ever heard".[225] Swift won various other awards for Speak Now. She was named Entertainer of the Year by the Academy of Country Music in both 2011 and 2012[226] and was named Entertainer of the Year by the Country Music Association in 2011.[227] Swift was the American Music Awards's Artist of the Year in 2011, and Speak Now was named Favorite Country Album.[228] She was also the recipient of two BMI Awards.[229] Billboard named Swift 2011's Woman of the Year.[230] Also that year, Billboard ranked her at number 15 in a list of the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters 2000–2011; she was the second highest ranking woman.[231] Swift was ranked second on Rolling Stone's list of the Top 16 "Queen Of Pops" of the decade.[232]
Swift contributed two original songs to The Hunger Games soundtrack album in March 2012. "Safe & Sound" was co-written and recorded with The Civil Wars and T-Bone Burnett.[233] John Paul White has said working with Swift was "a revelation. She had some great ideas. We had complete freedom. It truly was a collaboration. We brought the melancholy and the darker angle. Taylor was bringing the melody and the chords."[234] Rolling Stone described the song as "Swift's prettiest ballad" and wondered whether the alt-country folk song was "a one-off novelty, a trial balloon cred-move, or the stirrings of a "grown-up" style".[235] Swift and The Civil Wars debuted a live version of the song at the Ryman Auditorium, Nashville in January 2012.[236] It was released as the album's lead single and, as of April 2012, has sold 970,000 copies in the United States.[237] Swift's second contribution to the album, "Eyes Open", was written solely by the singer and produced by Nathan Chapman.[238] In May 2012, Swift contributed vocals to "Both of Us", a Dr. Luke-produced song on B.o.B's second album Strange Clouds.[239][240][241][242]
2012–present: Untitled fourth studio album[link]
Swift is currently working on her fourth album with producer Nathan Chapman.[243][244] It is scheduled for release in the fall of 2012.[245] Swift intends to keep writing and recording throughout 2012 "because I'm having so much fun".[246] After writing her third album alone, Swift is now collaborating with people "from all different places in music",[246] including songwriters Lori McKenna,[247][248] Butch Walker,[249][250] Ed Sheeran,[251] and Dan Wilson.[252] The album will detail "the rise and fall of a relationship",[253] as well as the resulting "absolute crash-and-burn heartbreak".[254] She has described the album's mood as "sad, if I'm being honest."[255]
Artistry[link]
Songwriting style[link]
Swift has said she writes songs as an "open letter".[256] She has said songwriting is "is a way of verbalizing those things that I feel that I can’t say".[47] Swift has said she is "very interested in any writing from a child's perspective" and has cited To Kill a Mockingbird as one of her favorite books.[257] Neil Young has described Swift as "a great writer" and follows her career.[258][259] Kris Kristofferson has said that "she blows me away. It's amazing to me that someone so young is writing such great songs. She's got a great career ahead of her".[260][261] Dolly Parton has said her songs are "great" and that she has "the qualities that could last a long time".[262] Stevie Nicks has said Swift writes "songs that make the whole world sing, like Neil Diamond or Elton John".[166]
Vocal abilities[link]
In studio recordings, the Los Angeles Times identifies Swift's "defining" vocal gesture as "the line that slides down like a contented sigh or up like a raised eyebrow, giving her beloved girl-time hits their air of easy intimacy".[182] In a review of Speak Now, The Village Voice noted that her phrasing was previously "bland and muddled, but that's changed. She can still sound strained and thin, and often strays into a pitch that drives some people crazy; but she's learned how to make words sound like what they mean".[185] Slate, reviewing Speak Now, described Swift as "a technically poor singer": "Though she does vary her phrasing in ways that attempt to mask her limited voice (the way she sneers, "She looks at me like I'm a trend/And she's so over it," on "Better Than Revenge" is especially effective), Swift is still noticeably off-pitch at least once on every song on the album".[263]
In an interview with The New Yorker, Swift characterized herself primarily as a songwriter: “I write songs, and my voice is just a way to get those lyrics across”.[1] "I'm not trying to go out there and do vocal acrobatics. I'm just trying to write good songs".[264] However, her vocal presence is something that concerns her and she has "put a lot of work" into improving it.[265] She has said that she only feels nervous performing "if I'm not sure what the audience thinks of me, like at award shows".[266]
Public image[link]
Swift has been described as "America's sweetheart" and "a role model".[267][268] The singer considers it her "responsibility" to be conscious of her influence on young fans.[269] However, she insists that "I don't live by all these rigid, weird rules that make me feel all fenced in. I just like the way that I feel like, and that makes me feel very free".[270] Swift does not drink alcohol because she worries that "I might come off in a way that I can't control. Maybe I should just lighten up!" "It's not like I judge people who [drink] or that I don't hang out with people who drink".[270] She refuses to take part in overly sexualised photo-shoots.[9] The lyrical content of her songs is regarded as appropriate for young audiences. A New Yorker journalist who attended a Swift concert recounted watching "sixteen-year-old girls holding hands and swaying, and a girl in a hijab sobbing as she sang the words. It was hard not to be a little moved, and not to feel relieved that the words being sung were, more or less, safe ... One can attend a concert by Katy Perry and listen to a stadium full of thirteen-year-olds chant along with the song “Peacock” which goes, “I want to see your peacock-cock-cock! Your peacock-cock!"[1]
A Rolling Stone journalist who profiled Swift in 2009 remarked upon her polite manners: "If this is Swift's game face, it must be tattooed on because it never drops".[271] A 2012 Vogue cover story described Swift as "clever and funny and occasionally downright bawdy" in person, but noted that she "asks if her cursing can be off the record".[272] Grantland.com describes Swift as "talkative and openly neurotic in a way you'd never see from a blonde country princess like Faith Hill or Carrie Underwood. She is more like Diane Keaton in Annie Hall: overly gracious and eager to please but full of a nonstop, nervous, fluttering energy".[273]
There has been much media commentary about Swift's reactions when she is recognized at award ceremonies.[274] In 2011, The Hollywood Reporter remarked that she "seems to be consistently shocked and wonderstruck by each awards win, despite racking up an ever-growing collection of Grammys, CMAs, MTV Moonmen and AMAs".[275] Kristen Wiig parodied Swift's surprised facial expressions during a Saturday Night Live sketch in February 2012.[276] Swift later said she had seen the sketch: “I was laughing the entire time and then I realized that, as I was watching it, I was making the face she was making”.[277] At the Academy of Country Music Awards in April 2012, the ceremony's host Blake Shelton joked in his opening monologue that Swift should release a perfume called "I can't believe I smell this good". When Swift later presented Shelton with the Academy's Best Male Vocalist award, "the two faced off, showing each other their ultra-surprised looks".[278][279]
Feminist discussion[link]
The merits of Swift as a feminist have been widely discussed.[280] She has been described by Jezebel as "a feminist's nightmare": "Her image of being good and pure plays right into how much the patriarchy fetishizes virginity, loves purity, and celebrates women who know their place as delicate flowers".[281] However, a Village Voice music critic dismissed this criticism as "shallow and gross, in that special way that things get gross when you cram shaded and living work through an ideological sieve like you're mechanically separating chicken".[282] He continued: "Criticisms include: She's a conformist stooge of the patriarchy (she's now had two hits about defying fathers); she idolizes chastity (she's coy about sex, but only the willful could miss the fucking in the new "Sparks Fly," which includes the line "Gimme something that'll haunt me when you're not around"); and she sells girls corrupt and shallow fairy-tale notions of romance (one of the two fairy-tale songs on Fearless mocked a guy for trying to white-knight her, and the only mention of such things on Speak Now is "I had the time of my life fighting dragons with you"—note the tense)."[282]
The song Fifteen has been the subject of particular scrutiny. It has been said that the song contains a "feminist message" in the lyrics "Back then I swore I was gonna marry him some day, but I realized some bigger dreams of mine” and "In your life you'll do things greater than dating the boy on the football team".[283] Feminist critics claim the use of the word "everything" in the lyric "Abigail gave everything she had to a boy, who changed his mind, and we both cried" is a reference to virginity: "Songs like "Fifteen" dig up the ancient Puritan ideal that girls can only access power by confidently and heterosexually denying access to their pants."[284] However, others interpret "everything" as trust: "Abigail trusted and opened up to a boy for the first time, only to be let down. Maybe that includes sex, maybe it doesn’t."[283]
When asked by The New York Times in 2010 whether she considered herself a feminist, Swift replied, "I have never really thought about that".[285] In December 2011, Billboard's Tom Roland asked Swift whether the marginalization of women in country music, prevalent in the 1950s, was still an issue: "I was fortunate enough to come about in a time when I didn't feel that kind of energy at all, and it was always my theory that if you want to play in the same ballgame as the boys, you've got to work as hard as them. I was always playing just as many shows as they were and playing on the same shows as they were. I was willing to pay my dues as an opening act, playing in clubs and bars and playing in tiny venues. The new male artists were doing the same thing, so I never saw an issue there."[286]
Philanthropy[link]
Arts education[link]
In September 2010, Swift donated $75,000 to Nashville's Hendersonville High School to help refurbish the school auditorium's sound and lighting systems.[287] In May 2012, she pledged $4 million to fund a new education center at the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville. The two-storey, 7,500-square foot space will have its own exterior entrance and museum officials have decided to name it The Taylor Swift Education Center.[288] It will feature three classrooms and a children's exhibit gallery, and will house interactive activities such as a musical petting zoo and a “wet” classroom space to make concert posters and other art projects. New programs and workshops for teenagers and senior citizens will also be accommodated within the space. The Center is scheduled to open in early 2014 and Swift will be involved in an advisory capacity.[289]
Children's literacy[link]
In December 2009, Swift donated $250,000 to various schools around the country that she had either attended or had other associations with. The money was used to buy books, fund educational programs and pay teachers' salaries.[290] In October 2010, she took part in a live webcast, Read Now! with Taylor Swift, broadcast exclusively in US schools to celebrate Scholastic's Read Every Day campaign.[291][292] In October 2011, Swift donated 6,000 Scholastic books to Reading Public Library, Pennsylvania[293] and, in February 2012, she donated 14,000 books to Nashville Public Library, Tennessee.[294] Most of the books were placed in circulation; the rest were gifted to children from low-income families, preschools and daycare centers.[294] In March 2012, she co-chaired the National Education Association's Read Across America campaign and recorded a PSA encouraging children to read.[295][296]
Natural disaster funds[link]
In June 2008, Swift donated all the proceeds from her merchandise sales at the 2008 Country Music Festival to the Red Cross's disaster relief fund.[297] Swift donated $100,000 to the Red Cross in Cedar Rapids, Iowa to help the victims of the Iowa flood of 2008.[298] Swift lent her support to the Victorian Bushfire Appeal by joining the lineup at Sydney's Sound Relief concert,[299] reportedly making the biggest contribution of any artist playing at Sound Relief to the Australian Red Cross.[300]
In response to the May 2010 Tennessee floods, Swift donated $500,000 during a flood relief telethon hosted by WSMV, a Nashville television station.[301] In August 2010, she donated $100,000 to help rebuild a playground in Hendersonville, Tennessee, which was damaged by floodwater.[302] In May 2011, Swift transformed what was to have been the final dress rehearsal for the North American leg of her Speak Now tour into a benefit concert for victims of recent tornadoes in the United States southeast region, raising more than $750,000 from proceeds from ticket sales, merchandise and other facets of the show.[303] The benefit concert for tornado relief was subsequently honored at the 2011 Do Something Awards.[304] In July 2011, Swift further aided the cause by donating $250,000 to Alabama football coach Nick Saban's charity Nick's Kids to aid in the tornado relief efforts of West Alabama.[305] In April 2012, Swift donated $1,500 to a fund to help a man left permanently paralyzed by the tornado to make his house wheelchair-accessible.[306]
Other charitable endeavors[link]
In September 2007, Swift helped launch a campaign to protect children from online predators, in partnership with the Tennessee Association of Chiefs of Police.[307] In January 2008, Swift donated a pink Chevy pick-up truck given to her by her record label to the Victory Junction Gang Camp.[308] Swift has teamed up with Sound Matters to make listeners aware of listening "responsibly".[309] Swift supports @15, a teen-led social change platform underwritten by Best Buy to give teens opportunities to direct the company's philanthropy through the newly-created @15 Fund.[310] She appeared in a Got Milk campaign in July 2010.[311]
Swift donated her prom dress, which raised $1,200 for charity, to DonateMyDress.org.[312] In November 2009, after a live performance on BBC's Children in Need night, she donated $20,000 to the cause.[313] Swift donated a pair of her shoes to the Wish Upon a Hero Foundation's Hero in Heels fundraiser for auction to raise money to benefit women with cancer. In June 2011, as the Academy of Country Music's Entertainer of the Year, Swift donated $25,000 to St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Tennessee. This figure was matched by the Academy.[314]
Other work[link]
Acting[link]
Swift made her acting debut in a 2009 episode of CBS's CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, playing a rebellious teenager.[315] The New York Times noted that the character allowed Swift to be "a little bit naughty, and credibly so".[316] Rolling Stone felt she "held her own" and "does a good job with the script"[317] while the Chicago Tribune said she "acquits herself well".[318] Later that year, Swift both hosted and performed as the musical guest for an episode of Saturday Night Live.[319] Entertainment Weekly described her as "this season’s best Saturday Night Live host so far", noting that she "was always up for the challenge, seemed to be having fun, and helped the rest of the cast nail the punchlines". Proving "admirably resilient in a wide variety of sketch roles", "Swift inspired more of a female, girly-in-the-best-sense sensibility in SNL than it’s shown since the Tina Fey-Amy Poehler days".[320]
In 2010, Swift made her feature film acting debut in the romantic comedy Valentine's Day and won the Teen Choice Award for Movie Female Breakout.[321] In 2012, she voiced the character of Audrey in the animated film The Lorax.[322] Swift is in talks to star as Joni Mitchell in the film adaptation of Sheila Weller's Girls Like Us, which follows the careers of Mitchell, Carly Simon and Carole King.[323]
Product endorsements[link]
Jakks Pacific released a celebrity doll of Swift in late 2008.[324] Swift was the face of L.E.I. jeans in 2008.[325] In 2007, Swift launched a line of sundresses at Wal-Mart.[326][327] In 2009, Swift became the National Hockey League's newest celebrity spokesperson and appears in commercials for the Nashville Predators.[328] In 2011, Swift partnered with Elizabeth Arden to launch a fragrance, "Wonderstruck".[329] Swift works with American Greetings, Inc.[330] She also has endorsement deals with companies including Target, CoverGirl and Sony.[331]
In May 2009, Swift filed a lawsuit (kept sealed until August 2010) against numerous sellers of unauthorized counterfeit merchandise bearing her name, likeness, and trademarks, where she demanded a trial by jury, sought a judgement for compensatory damages, punitive damages, three times the actual damages sustained, and statutory damages, and sought for recovery of her attorney's fees and prejudgement interest.[332] Nashville's U.S. District Court granted an injunction and judgment against the sellers, who had been identified at Swift's concerts in several states. The court ordered merchandise seized from the defendants to be destroyed.[333][334][335]
Personal life[link]
Swift's main residence is a duplex penthouse in Midtown Nashville, Tennessee.[336][1] She also owns a house in Beverly Hills, California.[337][338] According to Forbes, Swift earned $18 million in 2009,[339] $45 million in 2010,[340] $45 million in 2011[341] and $57 million so far in 2012.[342]
Relationships[link]
Swift writes autobiographical songs and has said that, "I've never been shy or secretive with the fact that if you walk into my life, you may be walking onto a record".[343] Listening to music as a child, Swift felt confused "when I knew something was going on in someone’s personal life and they didn’t address it in their music".[344]
Swift dated singer Joe Jonas from July to October 2008.[345][346] She dated actor Taylor Lautner from October to December 2009.[347][348] She was romantically linked to musician John Mayer from late 2009 until June 2010.[349][350] They first met in 2008 and recorded a duet, "Half of My Heart", in late 2009.[351][352] Swift dated actor Jake Gyllenhaal from October 2010 to December 2010.[353][354][355][356][357] On December 9, 2011, Gyllenhaal called the LAPD for assistance, after a large number of photographers followed the couple's car in Los Angeles.[358] Following their break-up, they were seen together in January and February 2011.[359][360]
Politics[link]
On her eighteenth birthday, "the first thing" Swift did was register to vote.[361][362] After casting her vote in the 2008 US presidential election, Swift declined to inform journalists which candidate she had supported.[363] However, following Barack Obama's inauguration, she told Rolling Stone: "I've never seen this country so happy about a political decision in my entire time of being alive. I'm so glad this was my first election."[364] In 2009, after Swift's MTV VMA acceptance speech was interrupted by Kanye West, President Obama described West's behaviour as "really inappropriate. The young lady seems like a perfectly nice person. She’s getting her award. What is he doing up there? He’s a jackass."[365] Former US President Jimmy Carter said West's interruption was "completely uncalled for".[366]
In 2010, former U.S. President George H. W. Bush attended the taping of a Swift television special in Kennebunkport, Maine,[367] and later described Swift as "unspoiled" and "very nice".[368] In 2012, Swift was presented with a Kids' Choice Award in recognition of her charitable work by Michelle Obama, who praised her as someone who "has rocketed to the top of the music industry but still keeps her feet on the ground, someone who has shattered every expectation of what a 22-year old can accomplish".[369] Swift later described the First Lady as "a role model".[370]
Swift is an admirer of the Kennedy family and has spent time with Rory, Caroline and, particularly, Ethel Kennedy.[371] When asked about her friendship with Swift, Ethel replied, "Oh, she is amazing! Such good company."[372] Rory has said, "There is a mutual admiration society between my mother and Taylor Swift and I just love it! I think it says so much about Taylor – she has that ability to connect and cross generations ... She's terrific and such a great role model for young girls, as well as for all women, really. ... She's just so curious and interested".[372] In January 2012, Swift travelled to Utah to attend the Sundance premiere of the HBO documentary Ethel.[373]
In a 2012 interview, Swift remarked that she was "very cautious" about using her public profile to address political issues, adding that she hoped to "gradually" become more outspoken: "I don't feel that I am in a place to sing about politics or anything like that. I don't know enough at this point".[374]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience | Herself | Cameo |
| 2009 | CSI: Crime Scene Investigation | Haley Jones | Episode: "Turn, Turn, Turn" |
| 2009 | Hannah Montana: The Movie | Herself | Cameo |
| 2009 | Saturday Night Live | Host | Also appeared as the Musical Guest |
| 2010 | Valentine's Day | Felicia | Movie acting debut |
| 2012 | Lorax, TheThe Lorax | Audrey | Voice only |
Discography[link]
Main article: Taylor Swift discography
- Taylor Swift (2006)
- Fearless (2008)
- Speak Now (2010)
- Untitled Fourth Studio Album (Fall 2012)
Tours[link]
- Fearless Tour (2009–10)
- Speak Now World Tour (2011–12)
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Taylor Swift
Swift has won 109 awards from a total of 162 nominations. She has been the recipient of ten American Music Awards, six Grammy Awards, seven Country Music Association Awards, six Academy of Country Music Awards and 13 BMI Awards.
References[link]
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- ^ Orloff, Brian (October 14, 2005). "Taylor Swift Ready to Vote for the Very First Time – Taylor Swift". People.com. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20232932,00.html. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
- ^ "Taylor Swift Casts a Vote & Gives to Charity". Great American Country. June 2, 2008. http://www.gactv.com/gac/nw_headlines/article/0,,GAC_26063_5877810,00.html. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
- ^ Finan, Eileen (2008-10-31). "Taylor Swift Votes for First Time 'With My Gut' – 2008 Presidential Elections, Taylor Swift". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20237141,00.html. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ Grigoriadis, Vanessa (March 5, 2009). "The Very Pink, Very Perfect Life of Taylor Swift | Music News". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/the-very-pink-very-perfect-life-of-taylor-swift-20090305. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
- ^ Ravitz, Justin (2012-04-12). "President Obama Calls Kanye West a "Jackass" Again". UsMagazine.com. http://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/news/president-obama-calls-kanye-west-a-jackass-again-2012124. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ "Jimmy Carter weighs in on Kanye West's VMA stunt". Atlanta, Georgia: CNN. September 17, 2009. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/Music/09/17/carter.kanye.west/index.html. Retrieved May 15, 2012.
- ^ A.J. Jacobs (August 28, 2010). "Taylor Swift premieres new song Mine and has an unlikely fan... former U.S. President George H.W. Bush | Mail Online". Daily Mail. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1306922/Taylor-Swift-premieres-new-song-Mine-unlikely-fan--U-S-President-George-H-W-Bush.html. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
- ^ "George H.W. Bush Jimmy Carter Quotes – George Bush on Jimmy Carter, George W. Bush". Esquire. 2010-12-15. http://www.esquire.com/features/what-ive-learned/meaning-of-life-2011/george-hw-bush-quotes-0111-2. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ Moss, Hilary. "Michelle Obama Honors Taylor Swift, Taylor Swift ‘So Honored’ – The Cut". New York Magazine. http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2012/04/michelle-obama-honors-taylor-swift.html. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ Pacella, Megan (April 15, 2012). "Taylor Swift Reflects on Meeting First Lady Michelle Obama". Taste of Country. http://tasteofcountry.com/taylor-swift-michelle-obama/. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ^ Van Meter, Jonathan (January 14, 2012). "Taylor Swift: The Single Life – Magazine". Vogue. p. 6. http://www.vogue.com/magazine/article/taylor-swift-the-single-life/#6. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
- ^ a b CELEBScom (January 31, 2012). "Ethel & Rory Kennedy talk Taylor Swift and "Ethel" at the Celebs.com Studio at Sundance". YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9dmmm5vkS18. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
- ^ "Taylor Swift Wrote a Song About the Kennedys – ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. January 23, 2012. http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/entertainment/2012/01/taylor-swift-wrote-a-song-about-the-kennedys/. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
- ^ Harper's Bazaar Australia, April 2012
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Taylor Swift |
- Wikipedia books: Taylor Swift
- Official website
- Taylor Swift on Twitter
- Taylor Swift at the Internet Movie Database
- Taylor Swift on Facebook
| Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Carrie Underwood |
Grammy Award for Best Female Country Vocal Performance 2010 |
Succeeded by Miranda Lambert |
| Preceded by N/A |
Grammy Award for Best Country Solo Performance 2012 |
Succeeded by incumbent |
| Preceded by Miranda Lambert |
Academy of Country Music Award for Top New Female Vocalist 2008 |
Succeeded by Julianne Hough |
| Preceded by Carrie Underwood |
Academy of Country Music Award for Entertainer of the Year 2011–2012 |
Succeeded by incumbent |
| Preceded by Carrie Underwood |
Country Music Association Award for Horizon Award 2007 |
Succeeded by N/A |
| Preceded by Carrie Underwood |
Country Music Association Award for Female Vocalist of the Year 2009 |
Succeeded by Miranda Lambert |
| Preceded by Kenny Chesney |
Country Music Association Award for Entertainer of the Year 2009 |
Succeeded by Brad Paisley |
| Preceded by Brad Paisley |
Country Music Association Award for Entertainer of the Year 2011 |
Succeeded by incumbent |
| Preceded by Rihanna |
American Music Award for Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist 2009 |
Succeeded by Lady GaGa |
| Preceded by Carrie Underwood |
American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist 2008–2011 |
Succeeded by incumbent |
| Preceded by Chris Brown |
American Music Award for Artist of the Year 2009 |
Succeeded by Justin Bieber |
| Preceded by Justin Bieber |
American Music Award for Artist of the Year 2011 |
Succeeded by incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Swift, Taylor |
| Alternative names | Swift, Taylor Alison |
| Short description | Singer and songwriter |
| Date of birth | December 13, 1989 |
| Place of birth | Reading, Pennsylvania, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Taylor_Swift
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_Swift
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 Dan Ariely speaking at TED, 2009 |
|
| Born | (1968-04-29) April 29, 1968 (age 44) |
| Nationality | Israeli American |
| Institution | Duke University Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
| Field | Behavioral economics |
| Alma mater | Duke University University of North Carolina Tel Aviv University |
Dan Ariely (born April 29, 1968) is an Israeli American professor of psychology and behavioral economics.[1] He teaches at Duke University and is the founder of The Center for Advanced Hindsight.[2]Ariely's talks on TED have been watched 2.8 million times. He is the author of Predictably Irrational and The Upside of Irrationality, both of which became New York Times best sellers.[3]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Dan Ariely was born in New York while his father was studying for an MBA degree at Columbia University. The family returned to Israel when he was three. He grew up in Ramat Hasharon. [4] In his senior year of high school, he was active in Hanoar Haoved Vehalomed, an Israeli youth movement. While preparing a ktovet esh (fire inscription) for a traditional nighttime ceremony, the flammable materials he was mixing exploded, causing third-degree burns over 70 percent of his body. [5]
Ariely was a physics and mathematics major at Tel Aviv University, but transferred to philosophy and psychology when he found the writing too physically taxing. However, in his last year he dropped philosophy and concentrated solely on psychology, in which he received his B.A. He also holds an M.A. and Ph.D. in cognitive psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He did a second doctorate in business administration at Duke University at the urging of Nobel economic sciences laureate Daniel Kahneman.[6]
Ariely is married to Sumi, with whom he has two children, a son and a daughter.[7]
Academic career[link]
After obtaining his PhD degree, he taught at MIT between 1998 and 2008, before returning to Duke University as James B. Duke Professor of Psychology and Behavioral Economics. He was formerly the Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Behavioral Economics at MIT Sloan School of Management. Although he is a professor of marketing with no formal training in economics, he is considered one of the leading behavioral economists. Ariely is the author of the books Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions and The Upside of Irrationality: The Unexpected Benefits of Defying Logic at Work and at Home. When asked whether reading Predictably Irrational and understanding one's irrational behaviors could make a person's life worse (such as by defeating the benefits of a placebo), Ariely responded that there could be a short term cost, but that there would also likely be long-term benefits, and that reading his book would not make a person worse off.[8]
Center of Advanced Hindsight[link]
Ariely's laboratory, the Center of Advanced Hindsight at Duke University, pursues research in such subjects as the psychology of money, decision-making by physicians and patients, cheating and social justice.[9]
Publications[link]
Books[link]
- Ariely, Dan (2008), Predictably Irrational: The Hidden Forces That Shape Our Decisions, HarperCollins, pp. 304, ISBN 978-0-06-135323-9
- Ariely, Dan (2010), The Upside of Irrationality, HarperCollins, pp. 352, ISBN 978-0-06-199503-3
Articles[link]
- Ariely, Dan; Zauberman, Gal (2000), "On the making of an experience: The effects of breaking and combining experiences on their overall evaluation", Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 13 (2): 219–232, DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0771(200004/06)13:2<219::AID-BDM331>3.0.CO;2-P, http://web.mit.edu/ariely/www/MIT/Papers/expseg.pdf
- Combining experiences over time: the effects of duration, intensity changes and on-line measurements on retrospective pain evaluations
- Coherent Arbitrariness: Stable demand curves without stable preferences
- Ariely, Dan (2000), "Controlling information flow: Effects on consumers' decision making and preference", Journal of Consumer Research 27 (2): 233–248, DOI:10.1086/314322, http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/resolve?id=doi:10.1086/314322
- Ariely, Dan; Wertenbroch, Klaus (2002), "Procrastination, Deadlines, and Performance: Self-Control by Precommitment", Psychological Science 13 (3): 219–224, DOI:10.1111/1467-9280.00441, PMID 12009041, http://web.mit.edu/ariely/www/MIT/Papers/deadlines.pdf
- Heyman, James; Ariely, Dan (2004), "Effort for Payment: A Tale of Two markets", Psychological Science 15 (11): 787–793(7), DOI:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00757.x, PMID 15482452, http://web.mit.edu/ariely/www/MIT/Papers/2markets.pdf
- Tom Sawyer and the Construction of Value
- Placebo Effects of Marketing Actions: Consumers May Get What They Pay For
- Dishonesty in Everyday Life and Its Policy Implications
- Try it, you'll like it: The influence of expectation, consumption, and revelation on preferences for beer
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ Dan Ariely. NNDB.
- ^ Dan Ariely | The Center
- ^ When Dan Ariely found the key to human nature
- ^ When Dan Ariely found the key to human nature
- ^ When Dan Ariely found the key to human nature
- ^ When Dan Ariely found the key to human nature
- ^ When Dan Ariely found the key to human nature
- ^ "Predictably Irrational Is an Irresistible Look at Our Not-So-Rational Foibles" Derek Tokaz, The Commentator, Feb. 28, 2008,
- ^ When Dan Ariely found the key to human nature
External links[link]
- Official website
- Center for Advanced Hindsight
- Ariely's MIT home page
- Ariely's Duke University faculty listing
- Learning First Alliance interview with Ariely
- Interview with Dan Ariely
- 33voices Interview with Dan Ariely
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ariely, Dan |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Israeli American professor of psychology and behavioral economics |
| Date of birth | April 29, 1968 |
| Place of birth | New York, New York |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Dan_Ariely
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Ariely
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
