Coordinates	35°0′41.69″N135°46′5.47″N
Name	John Gary Evans
Order	85th
Office	Governor of South Carolina
Term start	December 4, 1894
Term end	January 18, 1897
Lieutenant	W. H. Timmerman
Predecessor	Benjamin Tillman
Successor	William Haselden Ellerbe
Birth date	October 15, 1863
Birth place	Cokesbury, South Carolina
Death date	June 27, 1942
Death place	Spartanburg, South Carolina
Party	Democratic
Footnotes	}}

John Gary Evans (October 15, 1863 June 27, 1942) was the 85th Governor of South Carolina from 1894 to 1897.

Early life

Evans was born in Cokesbury, South Carolina to an aristocratic and well connected family. His father was Nathan George Evans, a Confederate general, and after his father died in 1868, he went to live in Edgefield with his uncle Martin Witherspoon Gary. After completing his secondary education in Cokesbury, he enrolled at Union College in Schenectady, New York. His uncle's death in 1881 forced him to withdraw from college due to financial constraints, but he would later graduate in 1883.

Political career

Admitted to the bar in 1887, Evans began the practice of law in Aiken and became known for his representation of poor farmers which led to the development of ties with John Lawrence Manning and Benjamin Tillman. He was elected in 1888 to the South Carolina House of Representatives at the age of 25 and elevated four years later in 1892 to the South Carolina Senate. His rapid political rise continued by being elected in 1894 as the 85th governor of South Carolina at the age of 31, youngest ever for a South Carolina governor. During his time as governor, Evans continued the policies of Tillman and presided over the constitution convention of 1895.

Pledging not to run for reelection as governor in 1896, Evans set his sights instead for the U.S. Senate race. He lost the election and his attempt for an open Senate seat in 1897 again proved equally unsuccessful. Frustrated, Evans volunteered as a major in the U.S. Army for the Spanish-American War in 1898 and helped create the civilian government of Havana. After the war, he resumed the practice of law in Spartanburg.

Later life and career

Further attempts at an open Senate seat in 1902 and 1908 proved futile and henceforward he focused his energies on internal Democratic politics. Three times he served as a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1900, 1912 and 1916. In 1914, he became the chairman of the South Carolina Democratic State Executive Committee and from 1918 to 1928 was the National Democratic Committeeman from South Carolina. Evans won a term to the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1922 from Spartanburg and served on the judiciary and rules committees.

On June 27, 1942, Evans died and was buried at Willowbrook Cemetery in Edgefield.

External links

SCIway Biography of John Gary Evans

USC Biography of John Gary Evans

Marion County Biography of John Gary Evans

Category:1863 births Category:1942 deaths Category:Governors of South Carolina Category:University of South Carolina trustees

de:John Gary Evans

:''For the U.S. politician of the same name, see John G. Gary''

John Gary (November 29, 1932 — January 4, 1998) was an American singer and a technically accomplished vocalist.

Early life

John Gary Strader started singing at the age of 5. He joined his older sister, Shirley Strader. At the age of 9, he won a 3-year scholarship to the prestigious Cathedral School of St John in Manhattan. He auditioned for the choir master, Norman Coke-Jeffcott. At the age of 10, Gary had won two (2) pins of distinction from the American Theatre Wing Merchant Seaman's Club for the Stage Door Canteen. Aged 12, he toured the southern states with Frank Pursley, a blind pianist for the Mason Conservatory.

Career

Gary sang in movies, on Broadway, had his own television show, and appeared at Carnegie Hall, with numerous symphonies. He appeared 30 times as a guest on ''The Tonight Show'' with Jack Paar, Steve Allen and Johnny Carson. He traveled across the U.S. and Canada with approximately 40 concerts per year. For six years he gave Community concerts in over 400 cities and towns. He was a stylized singer, who recorded 23 albums for RCA Victor Records.

Prior to national stardom, Gary appeared on local New Orleans television station WDSU-TV, as a regular feature on the noontime television show "Midday". He also appeared at the Blue Room of the Roosevelt (later Fairmont) Hotel. He performed "The John Gary Show", three fifteen-minute shows a week, presaging his national (CBS) show a decade later, a summer replacement for the Danny Kaye Show.

Gary was considered by many to be one of the best crooners due to his extraordinary breath control and tonal quality of his voice. He had an exceptionally wide range of three octaves. His singing ranged from robust baritone to a high sweet tenor often in the same song. Many popular songs of the time were suited to his intimate style.

In 1960, he joined ASCAP and composed several popular songs. He had five songs that made the adult contemporary (or easy listening) chart in ''Billboard'' magazine. The song "Cold", released in 1967, was his most successful, topping the chart for two weeks at the end of that year. Despite reaching one, the song failed to crack the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 pop chart. In 1968 he voiced John Alden in the Rankin/Bass Animated TV special "The Mouse on the Mayflower".

RCA has reissued some of his recordings and a 92-track, four-CD box set on the Collectables label.

He served honorably in the United States Marine Corps.

See also

List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart

References

External links

John Gary's official website

Category:RCA Victor artists Category:Ace Records artists Category:1932 births Category:1998 deaths Category:American male singers

Gary Evans may refer to:

Gary Evans (golfer) (b. 1969), English golfer

Gary Evans (serial killer) (1954-1998), American serial killer

See also

Gareth Evans (disambiguation)

Coordinates	35°0′41.69″N135°46′5.47″N
Official name	City of Gary, Indiana
Settlement type	City
Nickname	City in Motion, City of the Century, GI, Magic City of Steel, The Steel City, The G
Motto	''We Are Doing Great Things''
Image seal	Gary Seal.png
Map caption	Location in the state of Indiana, U.S.
Coordinates display	inline,title
Coordinates region	US-IN
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	United States
Subdivision type1	State
Subdivision name1	Indiana
Subdivision type2	County
Subdivision name2	Lake
Government type	Council-Strong Mayor
Leader title	Mayor
Leader name	Rudolph Clay (D)
Established title	Founded
Established date	July 14, 1906
Area magnitude	1 E8
Area total sq mi	57.24
Area land sq mi	50.23
Area water sq mi	7.01
Population total	80,294
Population as of	2010
Population density sq mi	1598.5
Timezone	CST
Utc offset	–6
Timezone dst	CDT
Utc offset dst	–5
Coordinates footnotes
Elevation footnotes
Elevation ft	607
Website	http://www.gary.in.us/
Postal code type	ZIP codes
Postal code	46401-46411
Area code	219
Blank name	FIPS code
Blank info	18-27000
Blank1 name	GNIS feature ID
Blank1 info	2394863
Footnotes	}}

Gary is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. The city is in the southeastern portion of the Chicago metropolitan area and is 25 miles from downtown Chicago. The population is 80,294 at the 2010 census, making it the seventh-largest city in the state. It borders Lake Michigan and is best known for its large steel mills. Gary is adjacent to the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.

History

The city was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation as the home for its new plant. The city was named after the lawyer and founding chairman of U.S. Steel, Elbert H. Gary.

Gary's fortunes have risen and fallen with those of the steel industry. The growth of the steel industry brought prosperity to the community. Broadway Avenue was known as a commercial center for the region. Department stores and architecturally significant movie houses were built in the downtown area and the Glen Park neighborhood.

In the 1960s, like many other American urban centers reliant on one particular industry, Gary entered a spiral of decline. Gary's decline was brought on by the growing overseas competitiveness in the steel industry, which had caused U.S. Steel to lay off many workers from the Gary area. As the city declined, crime increased.

Rapid racial change occurred in Gary during the late 20th century. These population changes resulted in political change which reflected the racial diversity of Gary. Gary had one of the nation's first African-American mayors, Richard G. Hatcher, and hosted the ground-breaking 1972 National Black Political Convention.

In the 1960s through 1980s, surrounding suburban localities such as Merrillville, experienced rapid growth including new homes and shopping districts. Due to white flight, economic distress, concerns about crime, and alleged mismanagement, many middle-class and affluent residents moved to other cities in the metro area such as Chicago and surrounding areas in Lake and Porter Counties in Indiana.

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Gary had the highest percentage of African Americans of U.S. cities with a population of 100,000 or more, 84% (as of the 2000 U.S. census). This no longer applies to Gary since the population of the city has now fallen well below 100,000 residents.

U.S. Steel continues to be a major steel producer, but with only a fraction of its former level of employment. While Gary has failed to reestablish a manufacturing base since its population peak, two casinos opened along the Gary lakeshore in the 1990s although this has been aggravated by the state closing of Rt.912 (Cline Ave.), an important access to the area. Today, Gary faces numerous difficulties, including unemployment, decaying infrastructure, low literacy and educational attainment levels.

Recent history

2006

Three-term Democratic Mayor Scott King resigned from office in March 2006, citing a desire to return to private law practice. Then-deputy mayor and former Calumet Township Trustee Dozier T. Allen Jr. became acting mayor, pending a formal election by local Democratic party officials. On April 4, 2006, local officials chose former Lake County Commissioner and King rival Rudolph Clay to fill the remaining 21 months of King's term.

The Gary Chicago International Airport secured nearly 100 million US$ in grants and private donations. The FAA approved GYY's master plan which includes the expansion of runways, land acquisition for a larger terminal, an integrated transportation center, and provision for a third runway. The first part of the plan requires that the EJ&E; line, which runs at the end of the runway, be relocated.

Dallas-based HomeVestors of America released its "Top 10 Markets for Real Estate Investing" list on December 9, 2006. Gary earned the number one position on this list, which represents activity of investors who purchase homes below market and then sell.

After celebrating its 100th year in 2006, the city of Gary presented several examples of progress and economic rebound, after years of economic depression. Many buildings that have been left vacant for years are now finally slated for demolition and development. Many new homes were built through the HOPE VI grant from HUD.

2007

Gary was rated the 17th most dangerous city in the United States according to Morgan Quitno's 2007 analysis of crime rates (''City Crime Rankings, 14th Edition''), down from 10th highest in the 2006 edition. The city recorded 51 homicides in 2006, a 13.5 percent decrease from the previous year.

2008

''Forbes'' Magazine listed Gary 39th on their Top 100 Best Cities for Jobs in 2008. The ranking was up from 89th in 2006 and 84th in 2007.

In March 2008 the Chief of Police, Deputy Chief and a police sergeant were all indicted by the federal court for violating the civil rights of a Gary resident.

2011

Property tax limitations implemented for the entire state of Indiana have left Gary in a financially difficult situation. The city is one of the few in the US that uses cash based accounting, a system usually limited to use in very small businesses and not municipalities with budgets greater than 80 million dollars. Gary currently is under temporary reprieve from full implementation of the state tax caps, an implementation that is scheduled to be applied to Gary in 2012. At that point Gary's property tax revenue of approximately $60M is projected to be cut to approximately $30M. The budget changes necessary at that point are widely viewed to be devastating. Due to its cash accounting system, there is difficulty determining what Gary's one-time liabilities are. In late 2009, they are at least $34M in debts and unpaid judgments by the city to various parties in addition to the upcoming projected structural deficit due to mandatory tax caps.

In April 2011, 75 year-old mayor Rudy Clay announced that he would be suspending his campaign for re-election, owing to ongoing treatments for prostate cancer. After exiting from the race, Clay endorsed rival Karen Freeman-Wilson, who won the Democratic mayoral primary in May.

Neighborhoods

West

Ambridge Mann is located on Gary's near west side along 5th Avenue. Ambridge was developed for workers at the nearby steel plant in the 1910s and 1920s, and is named after the American Bridge Works, which was a subsidiary of U.S. Steel. The neighborhood is home to a huge stock of prairie style and art deco homes. The Gary Masonic Temple is located in the neighborhood along with the Ambassador Apartment building. Located just south of Interstate 90, the neighborhood can be seen while passing Buchanan Street. Brunswick is located on Gary's far west side. The neighborhood is located just south of Interstate 90 and can be seen from the expressway. The Brunswick area includes the Tri-City Plaza shopping center on West 5th Avenue (U.S. 20). The area is south of the Gary Chicago International Airport. Downtown Gary was developed in the 1920s and houses several pieces of impressive architecture, including several structures designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. A 6,000-seat minor league baseball stadium for the Gary SouthShore RailCats, U.S. Steel Yard, was constructed in 2002, along with contiguous commercial space. A significant number of older structures have been demolished in recent years, but a number of abandoned buildings remain in the downtown area, including historic structures like Union Station and City Methodist Church. Interstate 90 divides downtown Gary from the United States Steel Plant.

Tolleston is one of Gary's oldest neighborhoods, predating much of the rest of the city. It was plated out by George Tolle in 1857, when the railroads came to the area. The area is to the west of Midtown and south of Ambridge Mann. Tarrytown is a subdivision located in Tolleston between Whitcomb Street and Clark Road.

South

Black Oak is located on the far southwest side of Gary, in the vicinity of the Burr Street exit to the Borman Expressway. It was annexed in the 1970s. Prior to that, Black Oak was an unincorporated area informally associated with Hammond, and the area has Hammond telephone numbers. The community was convinced (after 3 previously failed attempts) by Mayor Hatcher that its residents would benefit from better services, provided by the city, than those provided by the county. It is the only majority-white neighborhood in Gary.

Glen Park is located on Gary's far south side, and is made up mostly of mid-twentieth century houses. Glen Park is divided from the remainder of the city by the Borman Expressway. The northern portion of Glen Park is home to Gary's Gleason Park Golf Course and the campus of Indiana University Northwest. The far western portion of Glen Park is home to the Village Shopping Center. Glen Park includes the 37th Avenue corridor at Broadway.

Midtown is located to the south of Downtown Gary, along Broadway. This was, traditionally, the original "black" neighborhood in the pre-1960s days of segregation.

North and East

Aetna is located on Gary's far east side along the Dunes Highway. Aetna predates the city of Gary. It was a company town founded in 1881 by the Aetna Powder Works, an explosives company, which closed with the end of World War I. The Town of Aetna was annexed in 1928 around the same time Gary annexed the Town of Miller. A building boom happened shortly afterward in the late 1920s and early 1930s making Aetna home to an impressive collection of art deco architecture. The rest of the community was built throughout the 1950s after the Korean War in a series of phases. On its south and east, Aetna borders the undeveloped floodplain of the Little Calumet River.

Miller Beach, also known through the years as Miller Station or just simply as Miller, is on Gary's far east side. Incorporated as an independent town in 1907, Miller was annexed by the city of Gary in 1918. Miller developed around the old stagecoach stop and train station known, as early as the 1840s, as Miller's Junction. The Miller Beach area has remained somewhat separated from the rest of Gary both culturally and geographically. Miller Beach continues to be racially and economically diverse, and attracts investor interest due to the many year-round and summer homes within walking distance of Marquette Park and Lake Michigan. Prices for lakefront property are affordable compared with Illinois suburban communities. Lake Street provides shopping and dining options for Miller Beach visitors and residents. East Edge, a development of 28 upscale condominium, townhome, and single-family homes, began construction in 2007 at the eastern edge of Miller Beach along County Line Road, one block south of Lake Michigan.

Geography and Climate

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (12.25%) is water. The city sits on the southern end of the former lake bed of the prehistoric Lake Chicago, and the current Lake Michigan. Most of the city's soil nearly one foot below the surface is pure sand. The sand beneath Gary, and on its beaches, is of such high quality that in years past it was mined for the manufacture of glass. Gary has many statues of Elbert H. Gary in the city. It also has a lot of historical sites to visit. Gary is "T" shaped, with its northern border on Lake Michigan. At the Northwesternmost section Gary borders Hammond and East Chicago. Miller Beach, its easternmost neighborhood, borders Lake Station and Portage. Gary's southernmost section borders Hobart and Merrillville.

Climate

Although Gary is located at a roughly similar latitude as New York City, the climate is colder in the winter because of a more continental influence. In July and August, the warmest months, high temperatures average 84 °F (29 °C) and peak just above 100 °F (38 °C) and low temperatures average 63 °F (17 °C). In January and February, the coldest months, high temperatures average around 29 °F (−2 °C) and low temperatures average 13 °F (−11 °C), with at least a few days of temperatures dipping below 0 °F (−18 °C). The weather of Gary is greatly regulated by its proximity to Lake Michigan, as it sits at the lake's southernmost point. Weather varies yearly. In summer months Gary is humid. The city's yearly precipitation averages about 40 inches. Summer is the rainiest season. Winters vary but are predominantly snowy with regular blizzards. Snowfall in Gary can average 24 to 36 inches per winter, but sometimes large blizzards hit because of "lake effect snow", a phenomenon wherein large amounts of water evaporated from the lake deposits onto the shoreline areas inordinate amounts of snow.

Demographics

As of the census of 2000, there were 102,746 people, 38,244 households, and 25,623 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,045.5 people per square mile (789.8/km²). There were 43,630 housing units at an average density of 868.6 per square mile (335.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 84.03% African American, 11.92% White, 0.21% Native American, 0.14% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 1.97% from other races, and 1.71% from two or more races. 4.93% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The U.S. census figures show that Gary had a population of 80,294 for the 2010 census, a nearly 20% drop compared to the 2000 census.

There were 38,244 households out of which 31.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.2% were married couples living together, 30.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.0% were non-families. 28.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66 and the average family size was 3.28.

In the city the population was spread out with 29.9% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 25.1% from 25 to 44, 22.2% from 45 to 64, and 12.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 84.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 78.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,195, and the median income for a family was $32,205. Males had a median income of $34,992 versus $24,432 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,383. About 22.2% of families and 25.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.9% of those under age 18 and 14.1% of those age 65 or over.

City and Community Services

Parks

Brunswick Park

Marquette Park

Pittman Square

Gleason Park

Jefferson Park

Buffington Park

Hillman Park

Medical Facilities

Gary Community Health Center and Adult and Children's General Dentist 1021 West 5th Avenue, Gary, IN 46402

Methodist Hospital 600 Grant Street, Gary, IN 46402-6099

Rainbow Medical Center 1465 West 16th Avenue, Gary, IN 46407-1025

Education

There are three school districts serving the city as well as multiple charter schools located within the city.

Public Schools

Most public schools in Gary are administered by the Gary Community School Corporation. The other public schools within the city are administered by Lake Ridge Schools Corporation, which is the school system for the Black Oak neighborhood and unincorporated Calumet Township. Due to annexation law, Black Oak residents retained their original school system and were not required to attend Gary public schools. Some Gary residents in the eastern edge of the community attend schools administered by the River Forest Community School Corporation.

Charter Schools

Charter schools in Indiana, including those in Gary, are granted charters by one of a small number of chartering institutions. Indiana charter schools are generally managed in cooperation between the chartering institution, a local board of parents and community members, salaried school administrators, and a management company. Charter schools in Gary as of 2011 include KIPP Lead College Prep Charter School, Thea Bowman Leadership Academy, Charter School of the Dunes, Gary Lighthouse Charter School, Twenty-first Century, and West Gary Lighthouse Charter School.

Higher Education

Gary is home to two regional state college campuses:

Indiana University Northwest

Ivy Tech Community College Northwest

Public Libraries

The Gary Public Library System consists of the main library at 220 West 5th Avenue and several branches: Brunswick Branch, W. E. B. DuBois Branch, J. F. Kennedy Branch, Tolleston Branch, and Woodson Branch. In March 2011, the Gary Library Board voted to close the main library on 5th Avenue and the Tolleston branch in what officials said was their best economic option. The main library will close by the end of 2011. Lake County Public Library operates the Black Oak Branch at 5921 West 25th Avenue in the Gary city limits. In addition Indiana University Northwest operates the Indiana University Northwest Library on its campus.

Public Safety

Gary is served by the Gary Police Department and Gary Fire Department. Gary is also served by the Lake County Sheriff's Department.

Transportation

NICTD (Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District) operates the South Shore Line, a commuter rail system (one of the United States' last original operating interurban railway systems), running between Chicago and South Bend.

GPTC (Gary Public Transportation Corporation) a commuter bus system that offers service to numerous stops throughout the city and neighboring suburbs. GPTC also has express service to locations outside of the city including connections to Chicago transit. Front door pickup is available for disabled citizens at no extra cost.

GYY (Gary/Chicago International Airport) is operating as the "third airport" for the Chicago area. It is currently undergoing much federally funded expansion, and the administration is courting airlines aggressively. Boeing already bases their corporate fleets here. The National Guard is intending to base their Chicago area air operation there as well, which would add much needed security to the airport, taking away some of the stigma of an airport in Gary.

Interstate 90 (Indiana Toll Road), Interstate 80, Interstate 94, and Interstate 65 run through Gary, as well as U.S. Routes 12 and 20, Indiana State Road 912/Cline Avenue and a former stretch of Indiana State Road 312 now decommissioned.

Culture

Arts and movies

The 1996 urban gangster movie ''Original Gangstas'' was filmed in Gary, Indiana. The movie starred Pam Grier, Jim Brown, Fred Williamson, Richard Roundtree and Isabel Sanford, among others. Since the early 2000's Gary has experienced a surge of Hollywood filmakers wishing to shot movies in the city. In 2009 scenes for the remake of ''A Nightmare On Elm Street'' were filmed in Gary. Scenes from ''Transformers: Dark of the Moon'' wrapped up filming on August 16, 2010.

The History channel documentary, Life After People was filmed in run-down and derelict parts of Gary, Indiana.

Meredith Willson's 1957 Broadway musical ''The Music Man'' featured the song "Gary, Indiana,", and described Gary Conservatory as the alleged alma mater of lead character Professor Harold Hill ("Gary Music Conservatory, Class of '05!"). The joke in Hill's claim, of course, is that the City of Gary wasn't founded until 1906. Willson's musical, set in 1912, later was the basis of a film (1962) and a made-for-television film (2003).

Sports

The following sports franchises are based in Gary:

The Gary SouthShore RailCats are an American Association, professional baseball team. The team plays in Gary's U.S. Steel Yard baseball stadium. The RailCats played in the Northern League from 2002 until 2010 and were the 2005 and 2007 Northern League Champions.

The Gary Splash are an International Basketball League, professional basketball team. The team plays in Gary's Genesis Convention Center. Formerly the Gary Steelheads played in the IBL, CBA, USBL and IBL.

Sister city

Fuxin, People's Republic of China

Notable natives and residents

Gary is the hometown of the Jackson family, a family of musicians who influenced the sound of modern popular music. Joe and Katherine Jackson originally moved into their two bedroom house at 2300 Jackson St. in Gary, Indiana, after they got married on November 5, 1949. The famous siblings would later record a song entitled "2300 Jackson Street" in the 1990s.

Members of the Jackson family include:

*Maureen Reillette "Rebbie" Jackson (born May 29, 1950)

*Sigmund Esco "Jackie" Jackson (born May 4, 1951)

*Toriano Adaryll "Tito" Jackson (born October 15, 1953)

*Jermaine La Jaune Jackson (born December 11, 1954)

*La Toya Yvonne Jackson (born May 29, 1956)

*Marlon David Jackson (born March 12, 1957)

*Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009)

*Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson (born October 29, 1961)

*Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966)

Other notables include

Dan Barreiro, sports radio talk show host

Albert M. Bielawski, former Michigan State Representative

Frank Borman (born 1928), astronaut on Gemini 7 and Apollo 8, former CEO of Eastern Air Lines

Avery Brooks (born 1948), (born in Evansville) actor, director, best known for ''Star Trek: Deep Space Nine''

Karen Freeman-Wilson, former Indiana Attorney General, attorney, politician

Freddie Gibbs, rapper

LaTroy Hawkins (born December 21, 1972) MLB Pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers

Gerald Irons, former NFL star, Oakland Raiders

Tank Johnson, NFL star

Alex Karras, former NFL star, actor in ''Blazing Saddles''

Robert Kearns, inventor of the intermittent windshield wiper systems.

Ron Kittle, former Chicago White Sox outfielder and 1983 American League Rookie of the Year recipient

Bob Kuechenberg, former NFL star, guard on 1972 Miami Dolphins perfect season team

Karl Malden (1912–2009), (born in Chicago) Oscar winning actor

William Marshall, actor

Brandon Moore (born 1980), NFL guard for the New York Jets

Dan Plesac (born 1962), former Major League Baseball pitcher with an 18-year career, now a MLB Network analyst

Glenn Robinson (born 1973), former NBA basketball player

Paul Samuelson (1915–2009), economist, recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal (1947) and the Nobel prize (1970)

Joseph Stiglitz (born 1943), economist, recipient of the John Bates Clark Medal (1979) and the Nobel prize (2001)

Ernest Lee Thomas, actor

Deniece Williams (born 1950), Grammy Award winning R&B; artist

Fred Williamson, former NFL star, actor, director, producer

Tony Zale (1913–1997), middleweight champion of the world twice

Business and Industry

Media

Newspapers – Gary is served by two major newspapers based outside the city, as well as a Gary-based, largely African-American interest paper. These papers provide regional topics, and cover events in Gary.

*''The Post-Tribune'', originally the Gary Post-Tribune, is now based in Merrillville, a suburb of Gary.

*''The Times'', previously known as the ''Hammond Times''. Offices and facilities for ''The Times'' are in nearby Munster.

*''The Gary Crusader'', based in Gary and largely focused on black or African-American interests and readership.

*''The INFO Newspaper'', based in Gary and largely focused on black or (African-American) interests and readership.

The ''Chicago Tribune'' and the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' are also prevalent in Gary.

Broadcast – Gary is served by five local broadcasters plus government access and numerous Chicago area radio and TV stations, and by other nearby stations in Illinois and Indiana.

WHNW-LD (Channel 18) a repeater of LeSEA's WHME in South Bend.

*WPWR (Channel 50) is the Chicago My Network TV affiliate, but is licensed to Gary. Studios and transmitters are co-located with WFLD's in Chicago, and like WFLD, WPWR is owned by Fox Television Stations.

*WYIN (Channel 56) is a PBS affiliate licensed to Gary. Their studios are in Merrillville.

*WGVE (FM 88.7) is owned by the Gary Community School Corporation, and is used primarily as a teaching facility. Programming is maintained by students in the broadcast program at the Gary Career Center. WGVE also carries limited NPR programming.

*WLTH (AM 1370) carries syndicated talk programming, and is owned by Pluria Marshall Jr.

*WWCA (AM 1270) is presently a Relevant Radio owned-and-operated radio station, carrying programming from the Catholic-oriented Relevant Radio network.

See also

Chicago Metropolitan Area

Northwest Indiana

References

External links

City of Gary, Indiana website

Photos of abandoned buildings in Gary, IN 2011

Photos galleries of Gary, Indiana from 2005

U.S. Steel Gary Works Photograph Collection, 1906–1971

MillerBeachDays

Dave's Den – providing extensive coverage on the history and development of the City of Gary

More current photos of Gary's buildings

Gary at night

Category:Chicago metropolitan area Category:Cities in Indiana Category:Populated places in Lake County, Indiana Category:Northwest Indiana Category:Port settlements in the United States Category:Populated places established in 1906 Category:Populated places on the Great Lakes Category:Populated places in Indiana with African American majority populations Category:Company towns in Indiana

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Coordinates	35°0′41.69″N135°46′5.47″N
name	Bill Evans
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	William John Evans
born	August 16, 1929Plainfield, New Jersey, United States
died	September 15, 1980Fort Lee, New JerseyUnited States
instrument	Vocals, violin, guitar
born	August 16, 1929
died	September 15, 1980
instrument	Piano
genre	Jazz, modal jazz, third stream, cool jazz, post-bop
occupation	PianistComposerArranger
years active	1950s–1980
label	Riverside, Verve, Fantasy
associated acts	George Russell, Miles Davis, Cannonball Adderley, Philly Joe Jones, Scott LaFaro, Paul Motian, Eddie Gomez, Marty Morell, Tony Bennett, Jim Hall
notable instruments	}}

William John Evans, known as Bill Evans (August 16, 1929–September 15, 1980) was an American jazz pianist. His use of impressionist harmony, inventive interpretation of traditional jazz repertoire, and trademark rhythmically independent, "singing" melodic lines influenced a generation of pianists including: Chick Corea, Herbie Hancock, John Taylor, Steve Kuhn, Don Friedman, Marian McPartland, Denny Zeitlin, Bobo Stenson, Warren Bernhardt, Michel Petrucciani and Keith Jarrett, as well as many other musicians world-wide. The music of Bill Evans continues to inspire younger pianists like Fred Hersch, Bill Charlap, Lyle Mays, Eliane Elias and arguably Brad Mehldau, early in his career. He is considered by some to be the most influential post-World War II jazz pianist.

Evans is an inductee of the ''Down Beat'' Jazz Hall of Fame.

Biography

Early life

Bill Evans was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, United States, to a mother of Rusyn ancestry and a father of Welsh descent. He received his first musical training at his mother's church. Evans's mother was an amateur pianist with an interest in modern classical composers, and Evans began classical piano lessons at age six. He also became a proficient flutist by age 13 and could play the violin.

At age 12, Evans filled in for his older brother Harry in Buddy Valentino's band. At this age he was able to interpret classical music, but he couldn't improvise. In the beginning, he played exactly what was written in the sheet, but soon started trying to improvise, while learning about harmonies in the songs and how to alter them. Meanwhile, he was playing dance music (and jazz) at home. In the late 1940s, Evans played boogie woogie in various New York City clubs. He attended Southeastern Louisiana University on a music scholarship, and in 1950 performed Beethoven's Third Piano Concerto on his senior recital there, graduating with a degree in piano performance and teaching. He was also among the founding members of SLU's Delta Omega Chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, and played quarterback for the fraternity's football team, helping them win the school's 1949 intramural tournament.

Evans's first professional job was with sax player Herbie Fields's band, based in Chicago. During the summer of 1950, the band did a three-month tour backing Billie Holiday, including East Coast appearances at Harlem's Apollo Theater and shows in Philadelphia, Baltimore, and at Washington D.C.'s Howard Theater. In addition to Fields and Evans, the band included trumpeter Jimmy Nottingham, trombonist Frank Rosolino and bassist Jim Aton. Upon its return to Chicago, Evans and Aton worked as a duo in Chicago clubs, often backing singer Lurlean Hunter. Shortly thereafter, Evans received his draft notice and entered the U.S. Army.

After his army service, Evans returned to New York and worked at nightclubs with jazz clarinetist Tony Scott and other leading players. Later, he took postgraduate studies in composition at the Mannes College of Music, where he also mentored younger music students.

1950s

Working in New York in the 1950s, Evans gained recognition as a sideman in traditional and so-called Third Stream jazz groups. During this period he had the opportunity to record in many different contexts with some of the best jazz musicians of the time. Seminal recordings made with composer/theoretician George Russell, including "Concerto for Billy the Kid" and "All About Rosie", are notable for Evans's solo work. Evans also appeared on notable albums by Charles Mingus, Oliver Nelson, Tony Scott, and Art Farmer. In 1956, he made his debut album, ''New Jazz Conceptions'', featuring the original version of "Waltz for Debby", for Riverside Records. Producer Orrin Keepnews was convinced to record the reluctant Evans by a demo tape guitarist Mundell Lowe played to him over the phone.

In 1958, Evans was hired by Miles Davis, becoming the only white member of Davis's famed sextet. Though his time with the band was brief (no more than eight months), it was one of the most fruitful collaborations in the history of jazz, as Evans's introspective scalar approach to improvisation deeply influenced Davis's style. Davis wrote in his autobiography, "Bill had this quiet fire that I loved on piano. The way he approached it, the sound he got, was like crystal notes or sparkling water cascading down from some clear waterfall." Additionally, Davis said, "I've sure learned a lot from Bill Evans. He plays the piano the way it should be played."

Evans's desire to pursue his own projects as a leader (and increasing problems with drug use) led him to leave the Davis sextet in late 1958. Shortly after, he recorded ''Everybody Digs Bill Evans'', documenting the wholly original meditative sound he was exploring at the time. But Evans came back to the sextet at Davis's request to record the jazz classic ''Kind of Blue'' in early 1959. Evans's contribution to the album was overlooked for years; in addition to cowriting the song "Blue in Green", he had also already developed the ostinato figure from the track "Flamenco Sketches" on the 1958 solo recording "Peace Piece" from his album ''Everybody Digs Bill Evans''. Evans also penned the heralded liner notes for ''Kind of Blue'' comparing jazz improvisation to Japanese visual art. By the fall of 1959, he had started his own trio.

1960s

At the turn of the decade, Evans led a trio with bassist Scott LaFaro and drummer Paul Motian. This group was to become one of the most acclaimed piano trios — and jazz bands in general — of all time. With this group, Evans's focus settled on traditional jazz standards and original compositions, with an added emphasis on interplay among the band members that often bordered on collective improvisation, blurring the line between soloist and accompanist. The collaboration between Evans and the young LaFaro was particularly fruitful, as the two achieved a remarkable level of musical empathy. The trio recorded four albums: ''Portrait in Jazz'' (1959); and ''Explorations'', ''Sunday at the Village Vanguard'', and ''Waltz for Debby,'' all recorded in 1961. The last two albums are live recordings from the same recording date, and are routinely named among the greatest jazz recordings of all time. In 2005, the full sets were collected on the three-CD set ''The Complete Village Vanguard Recordings, 1961''. There is also a lesser-known recording of this trio, ''Live at Birdland'', taken from radio broadcasts in early 1960, though the sound quality is poor.

In addition to introducing a new freedom of interplay within the piano trio, Evans began (in performances such as "My Foolish Heart" from the Vanguard sessions) to explore extremely slow ballad tempos and quiet volume levels, which had been virtually unknown in jazz. His chordal voicings became more impressionistic, reminiscent of classical composers such as Debussy, Ravel, Scriabin, and Satie, and he moved away from the thick block chords he had often used with Davis. His sparse left-hand voicings supported his lyrical right-hand lines, reflecting the influence of jazz pianist Bud Powell.

Like Davis, Evans was a pioneer of modal jazz, favoring harmonies that helped avoid some of the idioms of bebop and other earlier jazz. In tunes like ''Time Remembered'', the chord changes more or less absorbed the derivative styles of bebop and instead relied on unexpected shifts in color. It was still possible (and desirable) to make these changes swing, and a certain spontaneity appeared in expert solos that were played over the new sound. Most composers refer to the style of ''Time Remembered'' as "plateau modal," because of its frequent juxtaposition of harmony.

LaFaro's death at age 25 in a car accident, ten days after the Vanguard performances, devastated Evans. He did not record or perform in public again for several months. His first recording after LaFaro's death was the duet album ''Undercurrent'', with guitarist Jim Hall, released on United Artist Jazz records in 1963. Recorded in two sessions on April 24 and May 14, 1962, it is now widely regarded as a classic jazz piano-guitar duet recording. The album is also notable for its striking cover image, "Weeki Wachee Spring, Florida" by photographer Toni Frissell. The original LP and the first CD reissue featured a cropped, blue-tinted version, overlaid with the title and the Blue Note logo; but for the most recent (24-bit remastered) CD reissue, the image has been restored to its original black-and-white coloration and size, without lettering.

When he re-formed his trio in 1962, Evans replaced LaFaro with bassist Chuck Israels, initially keeping Motian on the drums. Two albums, ''Moon Beams'' and ''How My Heart Sings!'', resulted. In 1963, after having switched from Riverside to the much more widely distributed Verve, he recorded ''Conversations With Myself'', an innovative album on which he employed overdubbing, layering up to three individual tracks of piano for each song. The album won him his first Grammy award, for Best Instrumental Jazz Performance — Soloist or Small Group.

Though his time with Verve was prolific in terms of recording, his artistic output was uneven. Despite Israels's fast development and the creativity of new drummer Grady Tate, they were ill-represented by the rather perfunctory album ''Bill Evans Trio with Symphony Orchestra'', with the piece ''Pavane'' by Gabriel Fauré remarkably reinvented with improvisations by Evans. Some unique contexts were attempted, such as a big-band live album at Town Hall, recorded but never issued due to Evans's dissatisfaction with it (although the jazz trio portion of the Pavane concert was made into its own somewhat successful release), and an album with a symphony orchestra, not warmly received by critics.

During this time, Helen Keane, Evans's manager, began having an important influence. One of the first women in her field, she significantly helped to maintain the progress (or prevent the deterioration) of Evans's career in spite of his self-destructive lifestyle.

In 1966, Evans discovered the remarkable young Puerto Rican bass player Eddie Gomez. In what turned out to be an eleven-year stay, the sensitive and creative Gomez sparked new developments in both Evans's playing and his trio conception. One of the most significant releases during this period is ''Bill Evans at the Montreux Jazz Festival'', from 1968. Although it was the only album Evans made with drummer Jack DeJohnette, it has remained a critical and fan favorite, due to the trio's remarkable energy and interplay.

Other highlights from this period include "Solo — In Memory of His Father" from ''Bill Evans at Town Hall'' (1966), which introduced the famous theme "Turn Out the Stars," a second successful pairing with guitarist Jim Hall; ''Intermodulation'' (1966); and the subdued, crystalline solo album ''Alone'' (1968), featuring a 14-minute-plus version of "Never Let Me Go".

1970s

In 1968, Marty Morell joined the trio on drums and remained until 1975, when he retired to family life. This was Evans's most stable, longest-lasting group. Evans had kicked his heroin habit and was entering a period of personal stability as well. The group made several albums, including ''From Left to Right'' (1970), which features Evans's first use of electric piano; ''The Bill Evans Album'' (1971), which won two Grammies; ''The Tokyo Concert'' (1973); ''Since We Met'' (1974); and ''But Beautiful'' (1974), featuring the trio plus legendary tenor saxophonist Stan Getz in live performances from Holland and Belgium, released posthumously in 1996. Morell was an energetic, straight-ahead drummer, unlike many of the trio's former percussionists, and many critics feel that this was a period of little growth for Evans. After Morell left, Evans and Gomez recorded two duo albums, ''Intuition'' and ''Montreux III''.

In 1974, Bill Evans recorded a multimovement jazz concerto specifically written for him by Claus Ogerman entitled ''Symbiosis'', originally released on the MPS Records label. The 1970s also saw Evans collaborate with the singer Tony Bennett on 1975's ''The Tony Bennett/Bill Evans Album'' and 1977's ''Together Again''.

On September 13, 1975, Evans's son, Evan, was born. Evan Evans did not often see his always-touring father. A child prodigy, he embarked on a career in film scoring, ambitiously attending college courses in 20th-century composition, instrumentation, and electronic composition at the age of ten. He also studied with many of his father's contemporaries, including Lalo Schifrin and harmony specialist Bernard Maury.

In 1976, Marty Morell was replaced on drums by Eliot Zigmund. Several interesting collaborations followed, and it was not until 1977 that the trio was able to record an album together. Both ''I Will Say Goodbye'' (Evans's last album for Fantasy Records) and ''You Must Believe in Spring'' (for Warner Bros., released posthumously) highlighted changes that would become significant in the last stage of Evans's career. A greater emphasis was placed on group improvisation and interaction, Evans was reaching new expressive heights in his soloing, and new experiments with harmony and keys were attempted.

Gomez and Zigmund left Evans in 1978. Evans then asked Philly Joe Jones, the drummer he considered his "all-time favorite drummer" and with whom he had recorded his second album in 1957, to fill in. Several bassists were tried, with the remarkable Michael Moore staying the longest. Evans finally settled on Marc Johnson on bass and Joe LaBarbera on drums. This trio was Evans's last. Although they released only one record before Evans's death in 1980 (''The Paris Concert,'' Edition One and Edition Two, 1979), they rivaled (and arguably exceeded) the first trio in their powerful group interactions. Evans stated that this was possibly his best trio, a claim supported by the many recordings that have since surfaced, each documenting the remarkable musical journey of his final year. The Debussy like impressionism of the first trio had given way to a dark and urgent yet undeniably compelling, deeply moving (if not mesmerizing) romantic expressionism.

Evans's Rusyn ancestry is sometimes confused with a "Russian" ethnic background. His music reflects Russian titans like the Rachmaninoffesque pianism of his brooding constructions and the Shostakovich-like "Danse Macabre" modal explorations of "Nardis", the piece he reworked each time it served as the finale of his performances. But the "anticipatory meter" that Evans deliberately perfected with his last trio reflects late Ravel, especially the controversial second half of the French composer's dark and turbulent ''La Valse''. The recording documenting Evans's playing during the week preceding his death is the valedictory "The Last Waltz." Many albums and compilations have been released in recent years, including three multidisc boxed sets: ''Turn Out the Stars'' (Warner Bros.), ''The Last Waltz'', and ''Consecration''. The Warner Bros. set is a selection of material from Evans's final residency at New York's Village Vanguard club, nearly two decades after his classic performances there with the La Faro/Motian trio; the other two are drawn from his performances at San Francisco's Keystone Korner the week before his death. A particularly revealing comparison of early and late Evans (1966, 1980) is a 2007 DVD of two previously unreleased telecasts, ''The Oslo Concerts''.

Death

Evans's drug addiction most likely began during his stint with Miles Davis in the late 1950s. A heroin addict for much of his career, his health was generally poor, and his financial situation worse, for most of the 1960s. By the end of that decade, he appeared to have succeeded in overcoming his addiction to heroin. However, during the 1970s, cocaine use became a serious and ultimately fatal problem for Evans. His body finally gave out in September 1980, when — ravaged by psychoactive drugs, a perforated liver, and a lifelong battle with hepatitis — he died in New York City of a bleeding ulcer, cirrhosis of the liver, and bronchial pneumonia. Evans's friend Gene Lees bleakly summarized Evans's struggle with drugs to Peter Pettinger as "the longest suicide in history". At the time of his death, Evans was residing with his partner Laurie Verchomin, in Fort Lee, New Jersey. Bill Evans is buried at Roselawn Memorial Park and Mausoleum, Baton Rouge, East Baton Rouge Parish, Louisiana (Section #161, Plot K), next to his brother Harry Evans, who died the previous year. The inscription reads, "William John Evans; August 16, 1929; September 15, 1980".

Legacy

As music critic Richard S. Ginell noted, “With the passage of time, Bill Evans has become an entire school unto himself for pianists and a singular mood unto himself for listeners. There is no more influential jazz-oriented pianist – only McCoy Tyner exerts nearly as much pull among younger players and journeymen – and Evans has left his mark on such noted players as Herbie Hancock, Keith Jarrett, Chick Corea, Brad Mehldau.” Bill Evans's musicianship has been a model for many pianists in various genres. His music displayed a creative mastery of harmony, rhythm, and interpretive jazz conception, fusing elements from jazz, classical, and ethnic music. In his duos and trios, Evans developed in unprecedented ways a unique conception of ensemble performance and a classical sense of form and conceptual scale. His '60s recordings ''Conversations with Myself'' and ''Further Conversations with Myself'' were innovative solo performances involving multiple layers of overdubs recorded in the studio by Evans himself.

Evans's work continues to influence pianists, guitarists, composers, and interpreters of jazz music around the world. Many of his tunes, such as "Waltz for Debby", "Turn Out the Stars," "Very Early," and "Funkallero," have become often-recorded jazz standards. Many tribute recordings featuring his compositions and favorite tunes have been released in the years following his passing (see below) as well as tribute compositions. Pat Metheny's "September 15th" is one such recording. During his lifetime, Evans was honored with 31 Grammy nominations and seven Awards. In 1994, he was posthumously honored with the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.

Tribute albums

1981: ''Elegy For Bill Evans'' by Richie Beirach

1986: ''Music of Bill Evans'' by the Kronos Quartet with Eddie Gomez and Jim Hall.

1990: ''Bill Evans'' by Paul Motian

1991: ''Bill Evans: A Tribute'' by Jimmy Rowles, McCoy Tyner, Herbie Hancock, John Lewis, and Dave McKenna (Palo Alto Records)

1992: ''Then Along Came Bill: A Tribute to Bill Evans'' by Sylvia Syms

1993: ''Time Remembered: John Mclaughlin Plays Bill Evans'' by John Mclaughlin

1994: ''Now & Then: A Tribute to Bill Evans'' by Mitchel Forman

1994: ''Your Story: The Music of Bill Evans'' by Howard Alden

1996: ''Turn Out The Stars - The Songs Of Bill Evans'' by Dominic Alldis

1997: ''Conversations with Bill Evans'' by Jean-Yves Thibaudet

1998: ''Evanessence: Tribute to Bill Evans'' by Fred Hersch

1998: ''I Remember Bill: A Tribute to Bill Evans'' by Don Sebesky and Larry Coryell

2000: ''Conviction: Thoughts Of Bill Evans'' by Roseanna Vitro

2000: ''Remembering Bill Evans - A Vocal Tribute'' by Karen Gallinger

2002: ''Homage To Bill Evans And Jim Hall'' by Luigi Tessarollo with Stefano Bollani

2002: ''Play Bill Evans'' by The Danish Radio Jazz Orchestra & Jim McNeely

2003: ''Bill Evans: Tribute to the Great Post-Bop Pianist'' by Paul Motian

2006: ''Paz - Niño Josele and the music of Bill Evans'' by Niño Josele

2006: ''Remembering the Rain: The Music of Bill Evans'' by Stephen D. Anderson

2007: ''Playsong - The Music Of Bill Evans'' by Hilde Hefte

2008: ''Bill Evans Project'' by Riccardo Fioravanti Trio

2008: ''Something for you - Eliane Elias Sings and Plays Bill Evans'' by Eliane Elias

2008: ''We Sing Bill Evans'' by Joan Diaz Trio

2009: ''Bill Evans Compositions Vol. 1 & Vol. 2'' by Stefano Battaglia

Discography

References

Further reading

* *

External links

billevans.net Detailed Discography

Bill Evans entry — Jazz Discography Project

The Bill Evans Webpages

Bill Evans: Time Remembered

The Work of Claus Ogerman — Bill Evans' work with composer/arranger/conductor Claus Ogerman is documented here in a pictorial discography of original albums and compilations, many with explanatory liner notes.

"Remembering Bill Evans" by Ted Gioia, Jazz.com, January, 2008.

Letter From Evans edited by Win Hinkle — newsletter dedicated solely to the music and the life of Bill Evans, published 1989–94. Link is to all issues.

"Bill Evans: Twelve Essential Recordings by Ted Gioia"

Bill Evans A Complete Blog Discography Project

The Bill Evans Memorial Library

Category:Third Stream pianists Category:1929 births Category:1980 deaths Category:Post-bop pianists Category:American jazz pianists Category:Deaths from cirrhosis Category:Cool jazz pianists Category:Hard bop pianists Category:Jazz bandleaders Category:Jazz composers Category:Miles Davis Category:Musicians from New Jersey Category:People from Fort Lee, New Jersey Category:People from North Plainfield, New Jersey Category:People from Plainfield, New Jersey Category:American people of Welsh descent Category:American people of Rusyn descent Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award winners Category:Verve Records artists Category:Riverside Records artists Category:Milestone Records artists Category:Concord Records artists Category:Fantasy Records artists Category:Warner Bros. Records artists

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