A typical jughandle setup, with one standard jughandle (below) and one reverse jughandle (above)

A jughandle is a type of ramp or slip road that changes the way traffic turns left at at-grade intersections. Instead of a standard left turn being made from the left lane, left-turning traffic uses a ramp on the right side of the road. In a standard forward jughandle or near-side jughandle, the ramp leaves before the intersection, and left-turning traffic turns left off it rather than the through road. Right turns are also made using the jughandle. In a reverse jughandle or far-side jughandle, the ramp leaves after the intersection, and left-turning traffic loops around to the right and merges with the crossroad before the intersection.

Occasionally a setup is used where traffic on the side road cannot turn left at the intersection but turns left after it, merging with the main road. This is most often used for U-turns where a normal jughandle cannot be constructed; traffic turns left off the main road onto the ramp.

Occasionally, a jughandle is removed if turning traffic is too heavy (see Disadvantages). In at least one case (Route 36 at Route 71) in New Jersey, the jughandle was kept for left turns, but U-turns are made from a left-turn lane.

NJDOT defines three types of jughandles. "Type A" is the standard forward jughandle. "Type B" is a variant with no cross-street intersected by the jughandle; it curves 90 degrees left to meet the main street, and is either used at a "T" intersection or for a U-turn only. "Type C" is the standard reverse jughandle.^[1]

Usage[link]

States that use jughandles prevalently include New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Illinois, Ohio, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New York, New Hampshire, and Vermont. Jughandles are particularly associated with New Jersey.^[2]

Some states use a limited number of jughandles:

• In North Carolina, one jughandle exists at the intersection of Patton Ave and Clingman Ave in southwest Asheville. Westbound Patton Ave vehicles cannot turn left onto Clingman Ave.
• In Oregon, a full set of jughandles was recently installed at the at-grade intersection of the Bend Parkway and SW Powers Road in Bend; no left turns are allowed through the intersection between the parkway and the local road.^[3] As of 2011^[update], a jughandle is being installed in Oregon City.^[4]
• In Rhode Island, some are being built in southern Rhode Island on U.S. Route 1.
• In South Carolina, jughandles exist on US 17 through the Charleston peninsula, which is also known as the Crosstown. This is between King and Spring Streets in both directions.
• In Virginia, a jughandle was built in May 2011 at the intersection of US 29/460 at Concord Turnpike in Lynchburg. This is to connect the former four-lane US 460 section that pre-dated the US 29 Lynchburg Bypass in the mid-2000s.^[5]

History[link]

The first mention of jughandles in the New York Times is on June 14, 1959, referring to jughandles having been built on US 46 in Montville, US 22 between North Plainfield and Bound Brook, and Route 35 at Monmouth Park Racetrack.

By the beginning of 1960, New Jersey had 160 jughandles, most if not all standard before-intersection jughandles. The 160th one was on U.S. Route 1 between New Brunswick and Trenton.

Examples of signage at jughandles on New Jersey State Highways.

Signage[link]

On New Jersey State Highways and Pennsylvania State Highways, a white sign is placed before a jughandle or at the beginning of a stretch of jughandles saying ALL TURNS FROM RIGHT LANE. Each jughandle is marked with a white sign below the standard green sign, saying ALL TURNS, or U AND LEFT TURNS in the case of a reverse jughandle.

On locally maintained roads, and in other states, jughandle signage can appear to be haphazard and confusing to out of state drivers.

Generally on Pennsylvania Route 61, jughandles are common, and are signed as "All Turns (up/right arrow)".

Advantages[link]

• Safety
  • Removes left-turning vehicles from travel lanes, particularly from higher-speed left lanes.
  • Pedestrian crossing distance is reduced across the mainline.
  • Reduced left-turn conflict points as compared to a standard four-leg intersection.
  • Removes conflicts with right-turning vehicles and pedestrians/bicyclists at the primary intersection.
• Operations
  • Reduced overall travel time and delay through the intersection.
  • Reduced signal phases due to the elimination of the associated left-turn phase(s).
  • Increases queuing space for left-turning vehicles.
  • Shorter pedestrian crossing distance across the mainline may provide for shorter cross street signal phases.
  • May improve U-turns by reducing the need for a tight-radius turning maneuver which conflicts with cross-street right-turns.

Disadvantages[link]

• Safety
  • Driver confusion, due to left-turns being made from the right side of the roadway — an uncommon configuration outside of the northeastern United States. Expectancy issues may be compounded due to inconsistency between intersections, where some intersections may be jughandles and others may be standard intersections. These issues can be reduced through advance signing.
  • Pedestrian conflict is increased along the cross street due to the addition of an additional intersecting approach.
  • Creates a higher-speed conflict between vehicles and pedestrians/bicyclists at the divergence point of the jughandle ramp.
• Operations
  • Increased travel time and delay for left-turning motorists redirected through jughandle.
  • Increased overall percentage of vehicles stopped at the intersection.
  • Potential for queues along the cross street to block the exit terminal of the jughandle, increasing stops, delays, and travel time of left-turning motorists.
  • With reverse jughandles, motorists travel through the intersection twice: adding to the net movement demand.
  • Motorists wishing to perform a U-turn maneuver at a reverse jughandle must perform a weaving maneuver across all cross-street lanes to travel from the jughandle terminus to the left-turn lane (unless another reverse jughandle is located on the other corner on the side of the cross street ahead of the motorist's original direction, in which case the motorist stays on the right but must cross through the intersection three times).
  • To provide for motorist safety, the Federal Highway Administration recommends locating transit stops further from the intersection, outside of the jughandle ramps. This can reduce pedestrian demand due to the additional travel distance to access the transit stop.
  • "Type A" standard forward jughandles can encourage drivers to try beating (bypassing) the stopped redlight traffic by driving into the jughandle, turning left, and then turning right onto the original roadway to proceed in the original direction of travel prior to that roadway's light turning green again and releasing the stopped traffic.
• Right-of-way
  • Additional right-of-way may be required alongside the roadway, unless the existing street network can be utilized.

See also[link]

• Continuous-flow intersection
• Diverging diamond interchange
• Hook turn
• Michigan left
• Superstreet

External links[link]

• Federal Highway Administration, Alternative Intersection Treatments - Jughandle
• Traffic Performance of Three Typical Designs of New Jersey Jughandle Intersections
• Federal Highway Administration - Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide - Jughandle
• New Jersey Department of Transportation Roadway Design Manual - Diagrams of Jughandles

References[link]

• Ingraham, Joseph C. (1960-01-02). "Driver Trying to Turn Left Isn't Balked by Lane of Cars". New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50A14FC355F1A7A93C0A9178AD85F448685F9. Retrieved 2010-04-12. 

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2009)

For Tony Bruno, the musician, see Tony Bruno (musician)

Tony Bruno (born June 13, 1952) is an American sports talk radio personality in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

He is a sports radio veteran, having worked at all four of today's national American sports broadcasters: ESPN Radio, Fox Sports Radio, Sporting News Radio and the Content Factory; he has held a job at one of the three networks near-continuously from 1992 through today.

Biography[link]

WCAU and KFI[link]

Bruno has been involved in news, talk, and sports in his career and has hosted general talk at WCAU 1210 in Philadelphia where he was the morning host and KFI in Los Angeles as a fill-in host. When WCAU abandoned talk in 1991 Bruno returned to Sports Talk as a co-host of 610 WIP's Morning Guys show with Angelo Cataldi and Al Morganti.

ESPN Radio[link]

When ESPN decided to launch its own radio network in 1992, they tagged Bruno to be one of the co-hosts. Bruno co-hosted ESPN Radio's Gamenight on weekends and continued to co-host The Morning Guys on weekdays. During the 1996 NCAA tournament, Bruno vowed to walk from Bristol, Ct to Syracuse, NY if Syracuse advanced to the Final 4; though he would ultimately welch on this promise after the Orangemen upset Kansas in the Regional finals. In 1995, Bruno joined ESPN Radio full-time and co-hosted the Bruno-Golic Morning Show with former NFL Player Mike Golic. (Bruno left the morning show in 1999 and was replaced by current co-host Mike Greenberg.)

Fox Sports Radio[link]

In 2000, Bruno moved to Los Angeles, launching the Fox Sports Radio network. Once again, Bruno played the role of a pioneering host for an up and coming sports radio network. Bruno hosted The Tony Bruno Extravaganza morning program with Andrew Siciliano. During this time, Bruno was frequently a guest host on Fox Sports Network's The Best Damn Sports Show Period. Prior to heading west to California, Bruno hosted a morning show on 620 WDAE in Tampa.

Bruno would eventually be unable to come to a contract renewal agreement with Fox. He left radio for 9 months to tour the world and entertain offers.

Sporting News Radio[link]

In 2006, he signed with Sporting News Radio. He hosted there from 2006 to 2008, in the same morning show time slot. He was carried on XM Sports Nation for most of the show's run on Sporting News.

The Tony Bruno Show appeared on Sporting News Radio and XM Satellite Radio Channel 144 on weekdays from 12 p.m. - 3 p.m. Eastern Time, and on Sirius Channel 123 on weekdays from 9 a.m. -1 p.m. Eastern Time.

Relationship with Gary Radnich[link]

Gary Radnich announced on his January 21, 2008 show that Bruno had left Sporting News Radio and the future of his daily half-hour with Bruno was uncertain.^[1] Bruno's last show on SNR was on January 18 and he departed the network when his contract expired in April 2008.^[2]

Tony was in the San Francisco Bay Area and appeared live in the KNBR studios with Gary Radnich on Feb. 27 and Feb. 28. He mentioned on February 28 that he would be on daily until March 8, after which he would go on vacation. He also mentioned that he had 'sat down' with Lee Hammer, Program Manager of KNBR. After his vacation, he returned to regular broadcasting with the Gary Radnich Show, and announced he would be returning to nationwide radio September 29, 2008 with his own show.

On August 1, 2011, Gary Radnich announced KNBR management has decided to drop the half-hour segment with Tony Bruno after 16 years.

[edit] Madden NFL

Bruno is the host of EA Sports Radio, a show that has appeared on the 2005, 2006, and 2007 versions of the Madden NFL video game. The show has Bruno listing statistics and accomplishments from the previous "week" of play. In addition, he "interviews" players and coaches, takes calls from listeners, and even asks trivia questions.^{[citation needed]}

Dan Patrick Show[link]

On July 16–18, 2008, March 1–2, 2010, April 26–27, 2010 October 18–20, 2010, July 5-6, 2011 Tony filled in for Dan Patrick on The Dan Patrick Show.

Returning to radio[link]

On September 29, 2008 Tony returned to radio as host of Into The Night with Tony Bruno which had first aired live on the West Coast from 7 to 10pm on am 570 KLAC- the top ranked Sports station in Los Angeles. After a one-month "shakedown" exclusively on AM570, it was syndicated around the country on November 3. This show is produced by The Content Factory, the same people who produced The Dan Patrick Show before he was added to the Fox Sports Radio lineup in January 2009. As of January 20, 2009, the show has been picked up and distributed by Westwood One. Bruno airs the show from various locations around the country depending on the event going on, such as the Super Bowl, the NCAA Final Four and other various major sporting events.^[3]

Return to Fox Sports Radio[link]

On July 30, 2009, Premiere Radio Networks announced it had partnered with The Content Factory to distribute Tony Bruno's show across the Fox Sports Radio network beginning August 10.^[4] Tony will take over the same 10 PM to 1 AM timeslot on the east coast, while former timeslot host JT "The Brick" will move to overnights, replacing the pre-recorded clip show, Fox Sports Soup. The Content Factory will continue to produce the show, but Westwood One will cease distribution.

DIRECTV Sports Group[link]

On October 22, 2009, The Content Factory made it official that Tony Bruno's program was being sold to DirecTV. Company peer Dan Patrick's show was bought in the deal as well. The show is now produced by the newly formed DIRECTV Sports Group. The distribution arrangement with Premiere Radio remained unchanged.

Return to Philadelphia[link]

On January 18, 2010, Tony, paired with Harry Mayes, returned to a daily show from noon to 2 PM on ESPN 950/97.5 The Fanatic in Philadelphia. The show was originally broadcast bi-coastally from the Fanatic's studios in Bala Cynwyd, a suburb of Philadelphia and Tony's then-home in Venice, California. Bruno would make occasional trips east to Philadelphia, where he would work with Mayes in the early afternoon before doing his evening show, which was still broadcast on Fox Sports Radio. After September 9, 2011, when "Into the Night" ended its run on Fox Sports Radio, Bruno continued his co-hosting duties with Mayes on their show, which anchors the Fanatic's midday lineup, even doing his show in the middle of his relocation back to Philadelphia in October, 2011.

Almost immediately, Bruno's presence in the Philadelphia sports scene has impacted the station's listener base, which expanded as his followers from his former night time show followed the show online outside the Philadelphia broadcast region.

'Illegal Alien' Controversy[link]

On August 5, 2011, during a game between the Philadelphia Phillies and the San Francisco Giants at AT&T Park in San Francisco, Giants pitcher Ramon Ramirez hit Phillies batter Shane Victorino with a pitch. The play led to a benches-clearing brawl between the teams, with Ramirez, Victorino and two other players ejected.^[5] Following the play, Bruno published a comment on his Facebook page, which automatically posted a shortened version on his Twitter account, referring to Giants manager Bruce Bochy, which was quickly re-Tweeted by several Immigration Rights organizations:

gutless #!@%*# Giants, Bochy is a coward for having his illegal alien pitcher hit a guy since mighty Frisco boys getting their asses handed to them.^[6]

According to a San Francisco Chronicle story,^[7] Bruno removed the message, but it had already spread. Bruno subsequently published an apology on his Facebook website page stating: "None of this defends what was posted in a moment of anger on Friday night and I immediately realized how it looked and the stupidity of a bad analogy by removing it, acknowledging it and have felt horrible about it ever since". Bruno has been a long time advocate of changing the "Unwritten Rules of Baseball" where managers give their pitchers a sign telling them to hit whoever is at bat in retaliation for whatever is going on in the game. He put up a Facebook post, My side of what really happened on Friday night, August 5th.

Personal life[link]

When Tony was 10 years old his father died from leukemia. Today Tony regularly visits his mother, Angelina Bruno, an Italian immigrant who came to this country when she was 18, who makes, Tony claims, the "best meatballs ever." He re-shingled her roof in the summer of 2007.^[8]

Bruno is divorced with three grown children and lived in Venice, California, but has moved back to Philadelphia, PA as of September 2011. He attended Temple University in Philadelphia, majoring in political science and journalism.^{[citation needed]}

Into The Night With Tony Bruno Show[link]

Tony Bruno's show called, Into The Night With Tony Bruno, which he hosted. On September 8, 2011, Bruno announced, via his Facebook page, that the show would air for a final time, the following evening. His national broadcasting future was not mentioned, and remains unclear, as of this date, although he will remain on the air in his native Philadelphia. There is speculation that he is returning to Philadelphia for a larger role, perhaps even a future morning show, on 97.5 The Fanatic and for a possible TV relationship with Comcast/NBC which will be the new NBC Headquarters.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Tony Bruno Show
• Official Website Of The Best 30 Minutes In Radio Featuring Tony Bruno & Gary Radnich
• Tony Bruno @ Myspace