A barn in Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

A barn is an agricultural building used for storage and as a covered workplace. It may sometimes be used to house livestock or to store farming vehicles and equipment. Barns are most commonly found on a farm or former farm. A barn meant for keeping cattle may be known as a byre.^[1]

Construction[link]

The skeleton of a post and beam horse barn just after raising

Thomas Ranck Round Barn in Fayette County, Indiana, U.S.

The examples and perspective in this section deal primarily with USA and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (August 2011)

Older barns were usually built from lumber sawn from timber on the farm, although stone barns were sometimes built in areas where stone was a cheaper building material.

Modern barns are more typically steel buildings. Prior to the 1900s, most barns were timber framed (also known as post and beam) forming very strong structures to withstand storms and heavy loads of animal feed. From about 1900 to 1940, many large dairy barns were built in northern USA. These commonly have gambrel or hip roofs to maximize the size of the hay loft above the dairy roof, and have become associated in the popular image of a dairy farm. The barns that were common to the wheatbelt held large numbers of pulling horses such as Clydesdales or Percherons. These large wooden barns, especially when filled with hay, could make spectacular fires that were usually total losses for the farmers. With the advent of balers it became possible to store hay and straw outdoors in stacks surrounded by a plowed fireguard. Many barns in the northern United States are painted barn red with a white trim. One possible reason for this is that ferric oxide, which is used to create red paint, was the cheapest and most readily available chemical for farmers in New England and nearby areas. Another possible reason is that ferric oxide acts a preservative^[2] and so painting a barn with it would help to protect the structure.

With the popularity of tractors following World War II many barns were taken down or replaced with modern Quonset huts made of plywood or galvanized steel. Beef ranches and dairies began building smaller loftless barns often of Quonset huts or of steel walls on a treated wood frame (old telephone or power poles). By the 1960s it was found that cattle receive sufficient shelter from trees or wind fences (usually wooden slabs 20% open).

Uses[link]

The Texas Technological College Dairy Barn in Lubbock, Texas, U.S., was used as a teaching facility until 1967.

In older style barns, the upper area was used to store hay and sometimes grain. This is called the mow (rhymes with cow) or the hayloft. A large door at the top of the ends of the barn could be opened up so that hay could be put in the loft. The hay was hoisted into the barn by a system containing pulleys and a trolley that ran along a track attached to the top ridge of the barn. Trap doors in the floor allowed animal feed to be dropped into the mangers for the animals.

In New England it is common to find barns attached to the main farmhouse (connected farm architecture), allowing for chores to be done while sheltering the worker from the weather.

In the middle of the twentieth century the large broad roof of barns were sometimes painted with slogans in the United States. Most common of these were the 900 barns painted with ads for Rock City.

Features[link]

An antique barn in Poland

A gambrel-roofed barn in Wisconsin, U.S.

A barn in southern Ontario, Canada

A barn of the Uster castle in the city of Uster, Switzerland

A farm often has pens of varying shapes and sizes used to shelter large and small animals. The pens used to shelter large animals are called stalls and are usually located on the lower floor. Other common areas, or features, of a typical barn include:

• a tack room (where bridles, saddles, etc. are kept), often set up as a breakroom
• a feed room, where animal feed is stored - not typically part of a modern barn where feed bales are piled in a stackyard
• a drive bay, a wide corridor for animals or machinery
• a silo where fermented grain or hay (called ensilage or haylage) is stored.
• a milkhouse for dairy barns; an attached structure where the milk is collected and stored prior to shipment
• a grain (soy, corn, etc.) bin for dairy barns, found in the mow and usually made of wood with a chute to the ground floor providing access to the grain, making it easier to feed the cows.
• modern barns often contain an indoor corral with a squeeze chute for providing veterinary treatment to sick animals.

Derivatives[link]

The physics term "barn", which is a subatomic unit of area, 10⁻²⁸ m², came from experiments with uranium nuclei during World War II, wherein they were described colloquially as "big as a barn", with the measurement officially adopted to maintain security around nuclear weapons research.

Barn idioms[link]

• "He couldn't hit the broad side of a barn" is a popular expression for a person having poor aim when throwing an object or when shooting at something.
• To "lock the barn door after the horse has bolted" implies that one has solved a problem too late to prevent it.
• "Were you born/raised in a barn?" is an accusation used differently in various parts of the English-speaking world, but most commonly as a reprimand when someone exhibits poor manners by either using ill-mannered language (particularly if related to manure), or leaving doors open.
• "Your barn door is open" is used as a euphemism to remind someone to zip the fly of their trousers.

Types[link]

• Stable
• Bank barn
• Carriage house/Cart Shed
• Combination barn — found throughout England, especially in areas of pastoral farming
• Dutch barn
• English barn
• Granary — to store grain
• Linhay — to store hay on the first floor with either cattle on the ground floor (cattle linhay), or farm machinery (cart linhay). Characterised by an open front with regularly spaced posts or pillars.
• Longhouse — an ancient form of cattle building, with the same entrance for people as well
• Oast houses — used for drying hops as part of the brewing process.
• Pole barn — a simple structure that consists of poles embedded in the ground to support a roof, with or without walls. The pole barn lacks a conventional foundation, thus greatly reducing construction costs. Traditionally used to house livestock, hay or equipment.
• Round barn
• Shelter sheds — open-fronted structures for stock
• Shippon — houses oxen and cattle. Has fodder storage above, regularly spaced doors on the yard side, a pitching door or window on the first floor.
• Stable — the historical building had a hayloft on the first floor and a pitching door at the front. After the barn, this is typically historically the second oldest building on the farm.
• Tobacco barn
• Tithe barn — a type of barn used in much of northern Europe in the Middle Ages for storing the tithes — a tenth of the farm's produce which had to be given to the church
• Threshing barn — for the processing and storage of cereals, to keep them in dry conditions. Characterised by large double doors in the centre of one side, a smaller one on the other, and storage for cereal harvest or unprocessed on either side. In England the grain was beaten from the crop by flails and then separated from the husks by winnowing between these doors. The design of these typically remained unchanged between the 12th and 19th centuries. The large doors allow for a horse wagon to be driven through; the smaller ones allow for the sorting of sheep and other stock in the spring and summer.^[3]

Historic farm buildings[link]

Barns and silo in Newmarket, Ontario, Canada. They were torn down in March 2009.

Traditional Sasak rice barn in village of Sade, Lombok.

Old farm buildings of the countryside contribute to the landscape, and help define the history of the location, i.e. how farming was carried out in the past, and how the area has been settled throughout the ages. They also can show the agricultural methods, building materials, and skills that were used. Most were built with materials reflecting the local geology of the area. Building methods include earth walling and thatching.

Buildings in stone and brick, roofed with tile or slate, increasingly replaced buildings in clay, timber and thatch from the later 18th century. Metal roofs started to be used from the 1850s. The arrival of canals and railways brought about transportation of building materials over greater distances.

Clues determining their age and historical use can be found from old maps, sale documents, estate plans and visually inspecting the building itself, e.g. reused timbers, former floors, partitions, doors and windows.

The arrangement of the buildings within the 'farmstead' can also yield valuable information on the historical farm usage and landscape value. Linear farmsteads were typical of small farms, where there was an advantage to having cattle and fodder within one building, due to the colder climate. Dispersed clusters of unplanned groups were more widespread. Loose courtyard plans built around a yard were associated with bigger farms, whereas carefully designed courtyard plans designed to minimize waste and labour were built in the latter part of the 18th century.^[4][5]

The barns are typically the oldest and biggest buildings to be found on the farm. Many barns were converted into cow houses and fodder processing and storage buildings after the 1880s. Many barns had owl holes to allow for access by barn owls, encouraged to aid vermin control.

The stable is typically the second-oldest building type on the farm. They were well built and placed near the house due to the value that the horses had as draught animals

Modern granaries were built from the 18th centuries. Complete granary interiors, with plastered walls and wooden partitioning to grain bins, are very rare.

Longhouses are an ancient building where people and animals used the same entrance. These can still be seen, for example, in North Germany, where the Low Saxon house is occurs.

Few interiors of the 19th century cow houses have survived unaltered due to dairy hygiene regulations in many countries.

Old farm buildings may show the following signs of deterioration: rotting in timber-framed constructions due to damp, cracks in the masonry from movement of the walls, e.g. ground movement, roofing problems (e.g. outward thrust of it, deterioration of purlins and gable ends), foundation problems, penetration of tree roots; lime mortar being washed away due to inadequate weather, walls made of cob, earth mortars or walls with rubble cores are all highly vulnerable to water penetration, and replacement or covering of breathable materials with cement or damp proofing materials trap the moisture within the walls.^[6][7]

In England and Wales some of these historical buildings have been given Listed building status, which provides them some degree of archaeological protection.

Some grant schemes are available to restore Historic Farmland buildings, for example Natural Englands Environmental Stewardship, Countryside Stewardship and Environmentally Sensitive Areas Schemes.

See also[link]

• Barn conversion
• Barn raising
• Barnyard
• Farmhouse (building)
• Functionally classified barn
• Gin gang or round house — an extension to a threshing barn. It contained a horse driven engine, used to power a threshing machine. Sometimes called a wheel house. Water power and wind power were also used to drive the machine, and by the 1850s portable steam engine machines were used. Horse-engines, original threshing or winnowing machines are exceptionally rare.
• Historic Barns of Connecticut
• Barn (unit) — a unit of area used in high energy physics
• Dairies
• Dovecote — built to house pigeons, which provided variety to the diets of high-status households and a rich source of manure. Examples survive from the medieval period.
• Shed

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Barns

• Dairy Barn History
• www.thebarnjournal.org

Mia Skäringer
Mia Skäringer at the bookfair in Gothenburg 2009.
Born	(1976-10-04)October 4, 1976 Kristinehamn, Värmland
Nationality	Sweden
Occupation	Actress, comedian
Known for	Mia och Klara, Solsidan

Maria Elisabeth "Mia" Skäringer (born October 4, 1976 in Kristinehamn, Värmland) is a Swedish actress and comedian who has won the Award Kristallen two times.^[1][2] Skäringer wanted to be an actress from the age of four and became active at her local theater in Kristinehamn. Her first television job was at the Sanning och konsekvens show on ZTV, where she met Klara Zimmergren.^[3] Skäringer and Zimmergren after that hosted the radio show Roll on together. The duo has also had their own sketch comedy show on SVT in Sweden called Mia och Klara. The show was awarded a Kristallen award for best comedy show on television in both 2008 and 2009.^[1][2]

Early life[link]

Skäringer describes herself as a "small girl, quite heavy and a tom-boy" when she was younger. At the age of four she wanted to be an actress and joined her local theater. She has related in interviews that she suffered from an eating disorder from the eighth grade until her last year in college.^[4]

Solsidan success[link]

During early 2009, Skäringer starred in the hit television show Solsidan along with Felix Herngren, Johan Rheborg and Josephine Bornebusch. Skäringer stated that she and Herngren had never met before "but found each other from the start and co-operated like a team which doesn't happen very often in comedy".^[4] The first episode of Solsidan was watched by 1.8 million viewers and was broadcast by TV4 making it the most watched programme of the day in Sweden. And in March 2010 a second season was announced, which premiered in January 2011. Many other known names in comedy asked to be in it after the success of the first season.

Private life[link]

Skäringer has two children: Alfred, born in 2000, and Heli, born in 2003.^[5] In 2007 Skäringer divorced her husband and stated that "divorces are worse than death itself".^[6] In 2007 her father died in a car accident.^[7] According to Skäringer her father was a heavy drinker but was not drunk at the time of his accident.^[7] Since 2008 Skäringer is in a relationship with Dan Fors. They live together on an island in Gothenburg along with Skäringer's two children and Fors' three children from an earlier marriage.^[6]

Other ventures[link]

Skäringer and Klara Zimmergren in 2008

In 1997, Skäringer appeared on the radio program Bossanova on Swedish radio P3 along with Klara Zimmergren. They also joined the radio programme Frank and Sommarsalva and their own radio programme Roll on. The final episode was broadcast in January 2007 after that the duo started working on their first comedy show on television, which was later named Mia & Klara. It was viewed by 610,000 viewers in its premiere episode. The programme continued, as Mia & Klara Season Two was viewed by more than a million viewers for each episode.

In August 2009, Skäringer released her first book, Dyngkåt och hur helig som helst, where she wrote about her experiences from her divorce and parenting.^[8] The book is also based on chronicles and blogs that Skäringer has written for the magazine Mama.^[9]

Filmography and TV[link]

• Sanning och konsekvens (1995)
• Släng dig i brunnen (1997)
• Mia och Klara (2007–2009)
• Solsidan (2010)

Awards[link]

External links[link]

• Mias words inMetro
• Roll ons website
• Mias blogg at mama.se

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b} "Mia Skäringer vann tv-pris [Mia Skäringer win tv-award]". Adina Magnusson. 2008-10-01. http://www.nwt.se/noje/article64160.ece. Retrieved 2011-01-27. 
2. ^ ^{a b} "SVT tog storslam på Kristallen [SVT took a grand slam on the "Kristallen"]". Jenny Modin. August 28, 2009. http://www.expressen.se/noje/tvsajten/1.1687209/svt-tog-storslam-pa-kristallen. Retrieved 2011-01-27. 
3. ^ "Mia Skäringer". FTS. http://www.fts.se/artister/mia-skaringer. Retrieved 2010-04-04. 
4. ^ ^{a b} "Veckans lantis:Mia Skäringer". Pastan.nu. http://www.pastan.nu/merpastan/veckans-lantis-mia-skaringer-1.42631. Retrieved 2011-01-27. 
5. ^ "Mia Skäringer "Årets mamma"". NWT. 2007-11-16. http://www.nwt.se/kristinehamn/article34649.ece. Retrieved 2010-04-05. 
6. ^ ^{a b} Marcus Grahn (2008-08-14). "'Gud har jävligt mycket humor'". Aftonbladet. http://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/article3096774.ab. Retrieved 2010-04-04. 
7. ^ ^{a b} Sofia Persson (2007-12-18). "Sorgen måste få ta tid". Expressen. http://www.expressen.se/noje/1.973666/sorgen-maste-fa-ta-tid. Retrieved 2010-04-04. 
8. ^ "Dyngkåt och hur helig som helst - Mia Skäringer". CDON. http://cdon.se/b%C3%B6cker/sk%C3%A4ringer,_mia/dyngk%C3%A5t_och_hur_helig_som_helst-4187641. Retrieved 2010-04-02. 
9. ^ Gunilla Brodrej (2009-08-25). "Mia Skäringer / Dyngkåt och hur helig som helst". Expressen. http://www.expressen.se/kultur/1.1682621/mia-skaringer-dyngkat-och-hur-helig-som-helst. Retrieved 2010-04-02. 

Jason Michael Carroll
Background information
Born	(1978-06-13) June 13, 1978 (age 34) Houston, Texas, United States
Origin	Youngsville, North Carolina, United States
Genres	Country
Occupations	Singer-songwriter
Instruments	Vocals
Years active	2006-present
Labels	Arista Nashville Stray
Associated acts	Don Gehman
Website	Official website

Jason Michael Carroll (born June 13, 1978, in Houston, Texas^[1]) is an American country music artist. After being discovered at a local talent competition in 2004, Carroll was signed to the Arista Nashville label in 2006, releasing his debut album Waitin' in the Country that year. This album has produced three consecutive Top 40 country hits for him on the Billboard Hot Country Songs charts: "Alyssa Lies", "Livin' Our Love Song" and "I Can Sleep When I'm Dead". Carroll's second album, Growing Up Is Getting Old, has also produced his fourth and fifth Top 40 hits. Carroll and Arista Nashville parted ways in February 2010.

Biography[link]

Carroll grew up in a religious household in Youngsville, North Carolina. His father was a conservative Christian minister who viewed modern music as sinful and would not allow any secular music played in the home, or even on family trips in the car. His father went so far as to spank him when he found a copy of Billy Ray Cyrus' "Achy Breaky Heart" in his bedroom.^[1]

In 2004 encouraged by his mother, Carroll won a local singing competition, WRAZ FOX 50's Gimme the Mic. During this same period, Carroll had finished writing "Alyssa Lies." Carroll says he struggled to the point of getting migraines for a year and a half before finishing the song. He was discovered by Rusty Harmon, the manager who produced Hootie & the Blowfish a decade ago. By the summer of 2005, Carroll was a regular along Nashville's Music Row. He later signed with the booking agency Monterey Peninsula Artists Nashville and entered a recording agreement with Arista Nashville.

Musical career[link]

This section requires expansion with: Critical reception, musical stylings.

[edit] Waitin' in the Country

Carroll's debut album, Waitin' in the Country, produced by Don Gehman, was released on February 6. In its opening week, it debuted at #1 on the Billboard Top Country Albums Charts. With first-week sales of 57,608, and a Billboard 200 pop chart entry at #8, Carroll had once achieved both the best unit sales and the highest pop chart debut by a new country male artist since Billy Ray Cyrus in 1993.^[1] However, thanks to his exposure on "American Idol", newcomer Bucky Covington's debut album later surpassed Carroll's sales.^[2] The debut single from Waitin' in the Country, entitled "Alyssa Lies", reached #5 on the Hot Country Songs charts. It was followed by "Livin' Our Love Song" which peaked at #6. The album's third single, "I Can Sleep When I'm Dead", was released in early 2008 and peaked at #21.

[edit] Growing Up Is Getting Old

His fourth single, "Where I'm From" entered the charts in November 2008. It is the first single from his second album, Growing Up Is Getting Old, which was released by Arista Nashville on April 28, 2009.^[3] The single charted to #11 on the country charts, and a second single, "Hurry Home", was issued in June 2009. Shortly after "Hurry Home" peaked, Carroll parted ways with Arista Nashville.^[4]

[edit] Numbers

His sixth single "Numbers" was officially released to radio on March 28, 2011. It is the first single from his third album, also titled Numbers, which was released by QuarterBack/GrassRoots/Cracker Barrel partnership and sold exclusively through Cracker Barrel stores.^[5]

Personal life[link]

This section requires expansion.

Jason Michael Carroll is currently married to Wendy Carroll (née Phillips).^[6] The couple has one son, Jason Weldon. Carroll also has three children from a previous marriage: Gavin Michael, Savanna Nicole and Stori Paige.

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

EPs[link]

Singles[link]

Music videos[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Carroll's official web site
• Jason Michael Carroll on Myspace

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2007)

This article describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (January 2012)

Emil of Lönneberga (from Swedish: Emil i Lönneberga) is a series of children's novels by Astrid Lindgren, covering twelve books written from 1963 to 1997. Emil, the title character, is a prankster who lives on a farm in the district of Lönneberga in Småland, Sweden. The books have been published in 44 languages.^[1] In most translations, the original illustrations by the Swedish illustrator Björn Berg are used.

The character Emil in Lönneberga[link]

Emil Svensson lives with his family on a farm called Katthult, set in the village of Lönneberga a few miles from the town of Vimmerby. His age ranges from about five to eight in the books.

He has fair hair and blue eyes and looks like an angel, but is not, as he also has a prodigious knack for getting into trouble. Contrary to what most people around him think, Emil is not malicious, but does not think about the consequences of his actions. He even states at one point that "you don't make up pranks, they just happen".^[2] The pranks come from kindly actions gone wrong, childish games, curiosity, bad luck and simple thoughtlessness. For example, he gives away food meant for visiting relatives to the poor because in his view they need it more. Other pranks involve his locking his father in the outhouse thoughtlessly when he was locking other doors, hoisting his willing little sister up a flag pole to see how far you could see from there or making everyone believe they are infected with typhus while playing pretend. Most of the time Emil plays a prank, he escapes his choleric father's wrath by running away quickly and locking himself in a tool shed. Since the door can also be locked from the outside, his father responds by locking him in there for a while as punishment. Emil is usually embarrassed by what he has done, but it is not a severe punishment for Emil, who likes sitting in the shed and takes to carving a wooden figure during each of his stays. He eventually accumulates 369 of them, except for the one his mother buries because she claims it looks too much like the rural dean. Emil is extremely intelligent and creative, and tends to think in very unconventional ways, which the adults are more likely to misunderstand than to understand.

Emil is also very resourceful. He is very handy with any type of farm animal, especially horses. He is also brave, he saves farmhand Alfred's life when he had blood poisoning. Alfred was near death and the road to the doctor was covered in snow from a severe blizzard. Emil defied the bad weather and traveled by horse and sleigh to the doctor, thus saving Alfred's life.

In the end, Emil is said to have grown up into a responsible and resourceful man, becoming eventually the Chairman of the Municipality Council.

Other characters[link]

Emil's parents are Anton and Alma Svensson; Ida, his little sister, is a very well-behaved child, unlike him. She has tried to pull pranks like her brother since she wanted to go to the shed, which she thinks is cozy, but she failed. His father, in particular, is often angry with his son, though it has been seen many times he still likes him a lot when he does not make pranks. His mother, however, adores her boy and tends to say, "Emil is a nice little boy, and we love him just the way he is." She also writes down every bad thing Emil does, in a blue book, although, that blue book expands to several blue books. Alfred is the family's farmhand, and Lina is their maid. Alfred, who is very fond of children, is Emil's best friend, whereas Lina dislikes the boy. She is in love with Alfred and pesters him with her wish to marry him, a subject which Alfred tends to avoid.

Emil's father is portrayed as a stereotypical inhabitant of Småland - for example, tight with his money to a point of extreme. On one occasion, he tells his wife, Emil's mother, that if she keeps wearing her shoes so often, they will have to be changed all the time - every other ten years! Church plays an important role in the life of the neighbourhood, and the pastor is a regular visitor to Emil's house. Alcohol and swearing are strictly forbidden in the Svenssons' house. The books give a vivid impression of Swedish farmers' daily life in the beginning of the 20th century.

Film adaptations[link]

• Emil i Lönneberga (1971)
• Nya hyss av Emil i Lönneberga (1972)
• Emil och griseknoen (1973)
• Emīla nedarbi (1985), Latvian TV film

Notes[link]

1. ^ http://www.astridlindgren.se/varlden-runt/astrid-i-varlden
2. ^ Swedish Hyss hittar man inte på, de bara blir

External links[link]

• Emil i Lönneberga on astridlindgren.se
• Emil in the Soup Tureen video with english subtitles (13 minutes)
• Emil in the Soup Tureen sample chapter in portuguese (Emílio Dentro da Terrina)

Anthony B
Anthony B performing in 2005
Background information
Birth name	Keith Blair
Born	(1976-03-31) March 31, 1976 (age 36) Trelawny, Jamaica
Genres	Reggae
Instruments	vocals
Years active	1996–present
Labels	VP, Greensleeves Records

Anthony B is the stage name of Keith Blair (born March 31, 1976,^[1] Clark's Town, Trelawny, Jamaica),^[2] a Jamaican musician and member of the Rastafari movement.

Talking of his faith and music, Anthony B commented, "When we say 'burn fire' we don't mean take a match and light somebody, we are saying 'get rid of these things that are no good for humanity'".^[3]

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Blair grew up in rural Clark's Town in the northwestern parish of Trelawny in Jamaica.^[2] His deeply religious family life (his mother was a Seventh-day Adventist and his grandmother a Revivalist) imbued him with a profound spirituality. During his youth, his favorite singers were reggae legends Bob Marley and Peter Tosh, musicians who strongly influenced his own style.^[4] Peter Tosh's influence can definitely be heard in Anthony B's vocal delivery and revolutionary stance.^[4]

Anthony B adopted Rastafari movement beliefs as a teenager, a decision which was not well-received by his family. The stubborn and determined Anthony B refused to give up his new religion and his dreadlocks and moved to the home of his aunt and uncle in the Kingston suburb, Portmore. He is a member of the Bobo Ashanti branch of the movement. "Bobo Dreads", as they are known, are recognizable by their long robes and turbans. The strong Afrocentric pride and the other Rastafarian beliefs (or "overstandings" as Rastafarians prefer to call them) are reflected in his songs.

Career[link]

Anthony B performing in 2005

While attending high school, Anthony B debuted as a deejay for the local sound system, Shaggy Hi-Power.^[2] In 1988, he befriended reggae artists such as Determine, Mega Banton, Ricky General and Terror Fabulous.

At this point in the reggae industry, singing "slack" songs about women was the popular thing to do. Anthony B did not believe in degrading women and chose to pen politically-slanted songs instead. He collaborated with Little Devon and made his debut single "The Living is Hard" on the Wizard label in 1993. Anthony B tried many different producers before joining with Richard Bell,^[4] creating hits such as "Fire Pon Rome", "Raid Di Barn", "Rumour", and "Repentance Time".^[5] Anthony B's 1996 debut album entitled Real Revolutionary in the UK and So Many Things in the US was highly acclaimed in the reggae community.^{[citation needed]} In late 1997, Anthony B released Universal Struggle, followed by a large number of albums since including 1999's Seven Seals, 2003's Street Knowledge, 2004's Untouchable which featured collaborations with artists including Wyclef Jean, Snoop Dogg & Bone Crusher, 2005's Black Star plus My Hope, and more recently, Life Over Death (2008).

Anthony B tours extensively in Europe and North America.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Predator & Prey (1996, Alpha Enterprises)
• Real Revolutionary - UK / So Many Things - US (1996, Greensleeves)
• Universal Struggle (1997, VP Records)
• Seven Seals (1999, VP Records)
• That's Life (2001, VP Records)
• More Love (2001, AO ! Records)
• Live On The Battlefield (2002, Jahmin' Records)
• Street Knowledge (2003, VP Records)
• Judgment Time (2003, 2B1 Records)
• Smoke Free (2003, Bogalusa Records)
• Voice Of Jamaica vol. 2 (2003, Nocturne)
• Wise Man Chant (2004, Black Scorpio)
• Justice Fight (2004, Nocturne)
• Untouchable (2004, Togetherness Records)
• Powers Of Creation (2004, Nocturne)
• Black Star (2005, Greensleeves)
• My Hope (2005, AL.TA.FA.AN. / Minor 7 Flat 5)
• Confused Times (2005, Penitentiary)
• Gather and Come (2006 Penitentiary)
• Suffering Man (2006 Tad's Records)
• Higher Meditation (2007 Greensleeves)
• True Rastaman (2008 Penitentiary Records)
• Life Over Death (2008 Trendsetter)
• Rise Up (2009)
• Rasta Love (2011)
• Freedom Fighter (2012)

Compilations[link]

• Chanting Down Babylon (1997, Power Play); live, with Buju Banton
• 2 Strong (1998, Star Trail/VP Records); with Sizzla
• Anthony B & Idren (1998, Jamaican Vibes)
• Anthony B & Friends (1998, Rhino Records)
• Nazarene Vow (1999, Records Factory); with Junior Timba
• 3 Wise Men (1999, J&D); with Sizzla and Luciano
• One Mission (1999, J&D); with Capleton
• Saddle To The East (2001, Brick Wall); with Jah Mason and Steve Machete
• 4 Rebels (2001, VP Records); with Sizzla, Luciano, and Yami Bolo
• The Five Disciples (2001, Penitentiary / Jet Star); with Sizzla, Luciano, Junior Kelly, and Capleton
• We Three Kings (2001, AO ! Records); with Sizzla
• We Three Kings (2002, Navarre); with Capleton and Luciano
• Four The Hard Way (2002, City Hall); with Capleton, Sizzla, and Luciano
• Kings Of Zion (2002, Jet Star); with Capleton, Sizzla, and Junior Kelly
• Reggae Max (2002, Jet Star)
• 5 Blazing Fires (2002, Fire Ball); with Admiral Tibbett, Sizzla, Capleton, and Michael Fabulous
• Five Disciples Part II (2003, Jet Star); with Capleton, Luciano, Sizzla, and Jr. Kelly
• Kings Of Zion vol. 3 (2005, Charm); with Capleton, Sizzla, and Turbulence
• Jah Warriors vol. III (2005, Penitentiary); with Luciano
• Encore (2010)
• NYC-2-Africa (2010, Suatomic Sound); with Subatomic Sound System, Nomadic Wax, Jahdan Blakkamoore, and Bajah

References[link]

External links[link]

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