All about Poales. This is another Text 2 Audio transformation using Flite. Below is the transcript for the recording: The Poales are a large order of flowering plants in the monocotyledons, and includes families of plants such as the grasses, bromeliads, and sedges. Sixteen plant families are currently recognized by botanists to be part of Poales. The earliest fossils attributed to the Poales date to the late Cretaceous period about million years ago, though some studies suggest the origin of the of the group may extend to nearly 115 million years ago, likely in South America. The earliest known fossils include pollen and fruits. The flowers are typically small, enclosed by bracts, and arranged in inflorescences . The flowers of many species are wind pollinated; the seeds usually contain starch. The APG III system accepts the order and places it in a clade called commelinids, in the monocots. It uses this circumscription: order Poales : family Anarthriaceae : family Bromeliaceae : family Centrolepidaceae : family Cyperaceae : family Ecdeiocoleaceae : family Eriocaulaceae : family Flagellariaceae : family Joinvilleaceae : family Juncaceae : family Mayacaceae : family Poaceae : family Rapateaceae : family Restionaceae : family Thurniaceae : family Typhaceae : family Xyridaceae The earlier APG system adopted the same placement, although it used the spelling "commelinoids", and used the following circumscription : order Poales : family Anarthriaceae : family Centrolepidaceae : family Cyperaceae : family Ecdeiocoleaceae : family Eriocaulaceae : family Flagellariaceae : family Hydatellaceae : family Joinvilleaceae : family Juncaceae : family Poaceae : family Prioniaceae : family Restionaceae : family Sparganiaceae : family Thurniaceae : family Typhaceae : family Xyridaceae The morphology-based Cronquist system did not include an order named Poales, assigning these families to the orders Bromeliales, Cyperales, Hydatellales, Juncales, Restionales and Typhales. In early systems, an order including the grass family did not go by the name Poales but by a descriptive botanical name such as Graminales in the Engler system and in the Hutchinson system , Glumiflorae in the Wettstein system or Glumaceae in the Bentham & Hooker system .

• published: 26 Sep 2013
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