IPADE, (PanAmerican Institute for High Business Direction) is the business school of Universidad Panamericana, or Pan-American University, a private university in Mexico. The institute, from which the university came out later, was founded in 1967 by a notable group of Mexican businessmen.

More than 22,000 graduates, many of them CEOs of Mexican and international companies, have passed through the Institute, which features primarily in the learning experience the use of cases. There is a strong philosophical insight for the businessman's chores and duties within the organization. IPADE has a Christian orientation, entrusted to the Opus Dei prelature.

Besides its campus in Mexico City, Guadalajara and Monterrey IPADE organizes alternate and itinerant MBA courses throughout the republic.

The building in which IPADE holds its Mexico City campus is the seventeenth century Hacienda de San Antonio Clavería.

Rankings[link]

IPADE is ranked by many leading business publications as one of the best MBA's in the world.[1]

• 1st in Latin America in the 2010 QS Global 200 Business Schools Report^[1].
• Forbes Magazine, top 5 best ROI Full Time MBA, july 2009.
• Expansion Magazine (From CNN) rated IPADE in the best MBA in Mexico in 2011.
• According to the Wall Street Journal's 2007 ranking, IPADE was the fourth best 'international' business school (defined as a school rated highly by employers outside the United States), just after London Business School and after IMD and ESADE.
• IPADE was the 5th best international MBA (Two year program) in 2007 ranking at Forbes and the 1st in Latinamerica.
• The Financial Times, in May 2007, ranking the school's New Skills and Learning at first highly, reflecting the salary of incoming students, the school also ranked highly for salary increase and career progress. In the same year, it ranked the school 14th worldwide for Directive Perfection Programs.

History of the building[link]

The Hacienda of San Antonio Clavería was formed in the last third of the seventeenth century. Its first proprietor to be known was Domingo Bustamante, a Spaniard. This Hacienda was located within the limits of the borough of Azcapotzalco (in those days the pueblo Azcapotzalco) and even the Tacuba area. When Mr. Bustamante died the Hacienda was bought by a man surnamed Otero for a ridiculous sum of money.

The Hacienda barely managed to stand the fierce wars in the Mexican nineteenth century. By the twentieth, it was converted into a wheat barn, a situation which didn't help the building's architecture. It was restored in 1951. The Institute arrived in 1967.

Graduate programs[link]

• Directive Perfection Programs AD/AD2
• MBA (full-time)
• EMBA(2 days per week)
• Special Programs

Academic Areas[link]

• Decision Analysis;
• Commercialization;
• Control and Managerial Information;
• Finance Direction;
• Operations Direction;
• Human Resources Direction;
• Family Enterprise;
• Political Environment;
• Economical Environment;
• Human & Organizational Behavior;
• Enterprise Philosophy;
• Business Policy;

References[link]

External links[link]

• Main page
• Building History Page

Margarita Zavala de Calderón
First Lady of Mexico
Incumbent
Assumed office December 1, 2006
Preceded by	Marta Sahagún
Personal details
Born	Margarita Esther Zavala Gómez del Campo (1967-07-25) July 25, 1967 (age 44) Mexico City, Mexico
Spouse(s)	Felipe Calderón
Children	Maria, Luis Felipe, Juan Pablo
Alma mater	Escuela Libre de Derecho
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Margarita Zavala (born Margarita Esther Zavala Gómez del Campo, July 25, 1967) is the wife of Mexican President Felipe Calderón. She was a PAN deputy in 2006 in the LIX Legislature of the Mexican Congress.

Early life and personal life[link]

She is the fifth of seven siblings: Diego, Mercedes, Pablo, Juan Ignacio, Rafael and Mónica. Her parents were lawyers. Margarita Zavala studied law at Escuela Libre de Derecho in Mexico City.

She married Felipe Calderón on January 1993. They have three children.

Margarita's primary objective in the changing Mexican government is to help her newly elected husband run the educational programs throughout the country.^[1]

First Lady of Mexico[link]

As the wife of Felipe Calderón, President of Mexico during 2006-2012, Margarita Zavala is considered "First Lady" although such function is not defined by the legal frame in Mexico. She is the only wife of a Mexican president to have served in Congress. She is president of the civic advisory board to the DIF, a government agency that promotes child and family development in Mexico. She is also a high-school teacher at private school.

Orders, awards and recognitions[link]

• Order of Isabel the Catholic, Grand Cross, awarded by King Juan Carlos I of Spain on Felipe Calderón and Margarita Zavala State visit to Spain, June 11, 2008.
• Order of the Dannebrog, Grand Cross, awarded by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark on her state visit to Mexico, February 18, 2008.

References[link]

This article about a Mexican politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Josefina Vázquez Mota
President of the Political Coordination Board of the Chamber of Deputies
In office September 5, 2010 – August 31, 2011
Preceded by	Francisco Rojas Gutiérrez
Succeeded by	Armando Ríos Piter
Coordinator of the Parliamentary Group of the National Action Party
In office September 1, 2009 – September 6, 2011
Preceded by	Héctor Larios Córdova
Succeeded by	Francisco Javier Ramírez Acuña
Secretary of Public Education
In office December 1, 2006 – April 4, 2009
President	Felipe Calderón
Preceded by	Reyes Tamez Guerra
Succeeded by	Alonso Lujambio
Secretary of Social Development
In office December 1, 2000 – January 6, 2006
President	Vicente Fox
Preceded by	Carlos Jarque
Succeeded by	Ana Teresa Aranda
Personal details
Born	(1961-01-20) January 20, 1961 (age 51) Mexico City, Mexico
Political party	National Action Party
Spouse(s)	Sergio Ocampo Muñoz
Children	3
Alma mater	Iberoamerican University Panamerican University Mexico Autonomous Institute of Technology
Website	Official website

Josefina Eugenia Vázquez Mota ( pronunciation (help·info) [xo̞.se̞'fi.na'βas.ke̞s'mo̞.ta]) (born January 20, 1961, in Mexico City) is a Mexican businesswoman and politician who is currently the presidential candidate of the National Action Party (PAN)for the 2012 elections. Vázquez Mota was trained as an economist and began her working career in family businesses and with various business organizations and conferences, also working as a journalist and writing books. She began her political career with the PAN organization, becoming involved in Mexico’s federal Chamber of Deputies of Mexico and then in the administrations of Vicente Fox and Felipe Calderón. She is PAN’s first female candidate for president and the first female candidate from a major political party in Mexico.

Background[link]

Vázquez Mota was born in Mexico City on January 20, 1961. Her parents, Arnulfo Vázquez and Josefina Mota are from the Sierra Norte de Puebla region of Mexico, and she has seven brothers and sisters.^[1][2] She say she is closest to her sister Lupita. When they were children they use to sell chocolate shakes on the street with a blender Josefina received for Three Kings’ Day.^[3]

She spent the first five years of her childhood in a working class neighborhood called Colonia 20 de Noviembre in Mexico City and began her education in public school, starting at “La Patria es Primero” school in the Azcapotzalco borough.^[1] Her father originally wanted her to attend an all-girls high school, even paying a full year’s tuition in advance. While she did begin high school there, Josefina convinced her parents to let her take the entrance exam and enter CECyT 9 vocational school, affiliated with the Instituto Politécnico Nacional .^[3][4] Josefina was studious in school with a affinity for mathematics.^[3] She studied at the private Universidad Iberoamericana, graduating with a degree in economics.^[2][5] Other university studies include courses in management at the Instituto Panamericano de Alta Dirección de Empresas as well as a program called Ideas e Instituciones at the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México .^[5]

She met her husband, Sergio Ocampo Muñoz, a computer specialist, while in high school and married in 1984 after seven years of courtship.^[3][5] The couple has three children, María José, Celia María and Montserrat.^[6]

She maintains a very strict diet and exercise regimen, which has led to speculation that she may be bulimic or anorexic, which she denies.^[3]

Non political career[link]

Josefina Vázquez Mota talking to the media.

She began to get involved in economic conferences due to a friend of her father’s with the Cámara de Comercio de la Ciudad de Mexico (Mexico City Chamber of Commerce) and has since been involved with various organizations and conferences in various parts of the world, especially Latin America.^[3] She worked for business organizations such as the Confederación de Cámaras Nacionales de Comercio, Servicios y Turismo (Concanaco) and the Confederación Patronal de la República Méxicana (Coparmex) .^[5]

For a time in her career, she worked as a journalist on economic topics for Novedades de México, El Financiero and El Economista .^[2][5]

In the 1980s, Josefina and her family moved to Chihuahua to attend some of the family businesses including a clothing store for children.^[3]

She has published two books. The first was “¡Dios Mío! Házme viuda por favor” (My God! Make me a widow!) It is a self help book that she wrote while in Chihuahua and while traveling to various conferences. It was first published in Colombia then in Mexico, as there was some hesitation over the title. Despite editors’ desire to change the title to something less controversial, Josefina insisted on keeping it. The book has sold over 400,000 copies.^[3][6] Her second book is called "Nuestra oportunidad. Un México para todos" (Our opportunity. A México for everyone), which is a dialogue with twenty two international leaders.^[5]

She did a business show for TV Azteca .^[3]

Political career[link]

Leaders and members of the National Action Party supporting the nomination of Josefina for president.

She began her political career with PAN with the Asociación Coordinadora Ciudadana and a member of the Secretaría de la Mujer.^[2] In 1996, she was asked to return to Mexico City to become a representative in Mexico’s federal legislature (Cámara de Diputados), because of her economics expertise. At this time, she met the then president of PAN, Felipe Calderón .^[3] She was elected to the 2000-2003 federal legislature (Cámara de Diputados), leading the sub-coordination of Economic Policy.^[2][5]

She was then appointed as the first female secretary of Desarrollo Social (Social Development) known by its Spanish acronym of SEDESOL.^[2][5] While discrete, it was known that she did not get along with then First Lady Martha Sahagún .^[3] She remained in that position until 2006, when she resigned to work for the Calderón campaign.^[2][5]

In 2006, she was named campaign coordinator for Felipe Calderón. She was not part of Calderón’s inner circle which caused some disputes during the campaign.^[3] When Calderón won, she was part of the transition team as the Coordinator of Political ties (Enlace Político) .^[2] After the election, she was named Secretary of Public Education, the first woman in the job.^[2][5] Josefina had vied for the Secretaría de Gobernación position but she was offered to return to SEDESOL or to head the Secretariat of Public Education. She chose the latter as a new challenge. Her time there was marked by confrontations with the powerful head of the national teachers’ union, Elba Esther Gordillo. Some reports state that these confrontations caused problems with Calderon’s advisors with Calderon ready to remove her from the position, but this has not been confirmed.^[3]

She won election to the Cámara de Diputados once again, this time becoming the Coordinator of the PAN Parliamentary Group.^[2][5] This gave her position to run for her party’s nomination for the 2012 presidential elections.^[3] She was in charge of PAN’s parliamentary group from 2009 to 2011.^[5]

In 2011, she left the legislature to when she won her party’s nomination as candidate for president.^[2][5] She won the nomination over Calderón’s choice of Ernesto J. Cordero, with 55% of the vote in the primary.^[7] She is the first female candidate for president of PAN,^[6] and is the first female candidate for president from a major political party in Mexico’s history.^[7] She is running not only as “different” from the other contenders but also different from her party, which has been in power for the past twelve years. She is the least-known of the candidates from Mexico’s three main parties (PAN, PRI and PRD) .^[7]

One of her campaign pledges is life sentences for politicians found guilty of corruption related to organized crime, more scholarships for students and labor law reform which she states will incorporate 400,000 people each year into the formal economy. She has also promised to fight discrimination against women.^[5] She has not come out against the policies of her predecessors, Calderón and Fox.^[1] and states that military personnel should be withdrawn only when the area has a “trustworthy” police force.^[5]

She is also the National Political Advisor (Consejera Política Nacional) of PAN.^[4]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Josefina Vázquez Mota

• Official Website Josefina Vázquez Mota
• Official Site Federal Deputies PAN of the LXI Legislature
• Josefina Vazquez Mota Twitter