Bangladeshi home-made biryani.

Bangladeshi cuisine refers to the Bengali cuisine prevalent in Bangladesh. Bangladesh was the eastern part of Bengal before the Partition of India. The Bangladeshi cuisine incorporates many Persian-Arabic elements and the usage of beef greatly sets it apart from the cuisine in West Bengal in India. It also has considerable regional variations. A staple across the country however is rice, various kinds of lentils, which is locally known as dal (sometimes written as daal) & fish. As a large percentage of the land (over 80% on some occasions) can be under water, either intentionally because of farming practices or due to severe climatological, topographical or geographical conditions, not surprisingly fish features as a major source of protein in the Bangladeshi diet. There is also a saying which goes, "Machh-e-Bhat-e-Bangali" (Fish and rice make a Bengali).

An integral part of Bangladeshi Muslim cuisine is beef, the presence of which is a must especially in feasts and banquets. Kabab from beef is immensely popular throughout the country. Beef is used in the preparation of a wide range of dishes including biryani, tehari, haleem, and many others. Regional feasts such as the Mezbaan and Ziafat of Chittagong, Sylhet, and Comilla or the Dawat of Dhaka will remain incomplete without serving spicy beef.

Regional cuisines[link]

Bangladeshi cuisine is a generic terminology to refer to the cooking-style and trend now prevalent in Bangladesh. However, there are several regional variations, in terms of dishes, cooking style, serving style and nomenclature. In general, for cooking purposes, the administrative divisions more or less correspond to regional divides as well.

Beef curry served with roasted onion in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

The main differences are as follows:

• South - Barisal Division, Chittagong Division and Khulna Division, being close to the sea, tend to have a larger use of sea fishes in their cuisines in addition to coconut. Shutki, which is an especially treated dry fish, is extremely popular in Barisal and Chittagong. Shutki is also exported from these regions. In Khulna, fresh water fish is more readily available and consumed. Dishes especially involving beef and lentils are characteristic of Mezbaan feasts in Chittagong Division. Beef is rarely seen in Barisal or Khulna, instead chicken and fish are more common.

• Dhaka/Central - Dishes involving spiced rice and a lot of meat are usually legacies of Dhaka's past as the capital of Bengali empires. Much of this is still visible in the old city, where dishes like biryani, different types of kabab, Mughlai parata and bakarkhani are made by specialty stores, many of which have existed for over a century.

Shorshe Ilish, a dish of smoked ilish with mustard seeds, has been an important part of both Bangladeshi and Bengali cuisine.

• West and North-west - Vegetable curry heavily occupies the main eating in these areas. Also, spices are more commonly, and more heavily used. River fishes (sweet water fishes) are common in the dishes.

• North-east - Large number of lakes around the Sylhet Division encourages greater use of lake fishes in the cuisine. Because of proximity to the hills in Assam, several fruits and pickles that are otherwise absent in rest of the country, such as shatkora are used in cooking and serving, producing a distinct nature to the dining menu here.

Pork is not consumed by the Bangladeshi Muslims on religious grounds while beef is not usually consumed by Bangladeshi Hindus for the same reason. Farm raised chicken (Broiler & Layer varieties) have gained popularity as a good source of animal protein across the nation over the last ten years. Bangladeshi cuisine is similar to Indian cuisine, but it is still distinct due to the additions of certain ingredients found in Persian-Arabic-Mughal dishes.

Staple ingredients and spices[link]

The staples of Bangladeshi cuisine are rice, atta (a special type of whole wheat flour), and at least five dozen varieties of pulses, the most important of which are chana (bengal gram), tur (pigeon pea or red gram), urod (black gram), and mung (green gram). Pulses are used almost exclusively in the form of dal, except chana, which is often cooked whole for breakfast and is processed into flour (beshon). However, unlike neighbouring Indian food that includes types of rice and bread, the main source of carbohydrates in a "regular" Bangladeshi meal is plain white rice. Different kinds of fried rice, in the forms of polao and biriyani are eaten mainly on special occasions and at parties.

Bangladeshi food varies between very 'sweet' and mild-to extremely spicy, many tourists even from other South East Asian and Subcontinental countries find the food spicy. It resembles North East Indian and South East Asian food more closely than that of any other part of the Subcontinent, most likely due to geographic and cultural proximity. The most important flavours in Bangladeshi cuisine are garlic, ginger, lime, coriander, cumin, turmeric and chili. In sweet dishes, cardamom and cinnamon are amongst the natural flavours.

Regional specialties[link]

• Alu Bhaji occurs across the region.
• Luchi, a flatbread.
• Shujir Halua, a semolina based halua from across the region.
• Fuchka, a variant of popular spicy snack.

Other famous Bangladeshi dishes[link]

• Torkari
• Biryani - Kachchi (mutton) Biriyani, Chicken Biriyani & Tehari (beef) Biriyani.
• Khichuri (rice cooked with lentils)

In-flight meal served by Bangladesh's flag carrier Biman mostly includes Bangladeshi style food, as an executive class dinner is photographed with polao, boneless chicken bhuna, and mixed vegetable in the aluminum foiled box. The set also comprises buttered bread as entrée, firni as dessert, and green salad.

There are several styles of Bangladeshi bread, including Luchi, Naan, Tondul rooti, chapati, and paratha.

Sweets and desserts[link]

Varieties of pithas (Pakan, Pati Shapta, etc.)

Bangladeshi cuisine has a rich tradition of sweets. The most common sweets and desserts include:

• Baklawa
• Chômchôm - Tangail's Porabarir chomchom is famous.
• Kalo jam
• Golap jam
• Rosho-golla
• Pitha - steamed rice cakes or Vapa Pitha, Chitoi Pitha, and Pan Pitha.
• Firni, also known as Payesh
• Khir
• Halua - there are different types of halua (semolina - shuji, carrot - gajor, almond - badam, boot, etc.)
• Jilapi
• Doi - sweetened homemade creamy yoghurt
• Shemai - sweet vermicelli in cinnamon, cardamon and star anise infused milk.
• Shondesh - in most parts of Bangladesh, this refers to a palm sugar and rice flour fritter unlike the Shondesh of West Bengal
• Chhana - also known as kacha shondesh, is an unrefined form of shondesh
• Jorda - sweetened rice or vermicili, fried in ghee (clarified butter)
• Shon-papri - Sweet Gram Flour Noodles, very fine delicate with a melt in mouth texture.
• Rosh-malai - small roshogollas in a sweetened milk base; Comilla is famous for its Rosh-malai.
• Khaja & Goja - fried sweets
• Borfi - there are different kinds of borfi.
• Murob-ba - traditionally made Bengali succade with various fruits such as lime, citrus, papaya, mango, pineapple, soursop, watermelon, and also ginger

Beverages[link]

• Borhani (a spiced mughal drink made from yoghurt with various eastern spices). It is generally drunk with biryani, pilaf, or another rich meal.
• Coffee
• Tea

See also[link]

Food portal

• Bengali cuisine
• List of fish in Bangladesh
• Paan
• Panta bhat

Bibliography[link]

• Bangladeshi Restaurant Curries, Piatkus, London — ISBN 0-7499-1618-4 (1996)
• Curries - Masterchef Series, Orion, London — ISBN 0-297-83642-0 (1996)
• Curry, Human & Rousseau, South Africa — ISBN 0-7981-3193-4 (1993)
• Kerrie, in Afrikaans, Human & Rousseau, South Africa — ISBN 0-7981-2814-3 (1993)
• Petit Plats Curry, French edition, Hachette Marabout, Paris — ISBN 2-501-03308-6 (2000)
• 2009 Cobra Good Curry Guide, John Blake Publishing, London — ISBN 1-84454-311-0

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on Cuisine of India

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Indian cuisine

• Bangladeshi Food and Recipes
• Bangladeshi Recipe Site
• Overview of Indian food and some easy recipes
• The largest Bangladeshi recipes Online
• Everything about Indian cuisine, recipes and more
• Rewri & Gajjak
• The Myth of "Indian" Food
• Eating the Bangladeshi way