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Death row signifies the place, often a section of a prison, that houses individuals awaiting execution. The term is also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution ("being on death row"), even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists. After individuals are found guilty of an offense and sentenced to death, they remain on death row during appeal and habeas corpus procedures, and if those are unsuccessful, until execution. Due to the complex, expensive, and time-consuming appeals procedures mandated in some jurisdictions, e.g. the United States, before an execution can be carried out, prisoners may wait years before execution; the time between sentencing and execution has increased relatively steadily between 1977 and 2010, including a 22% jump between 1989 and 1990 and a similar jump between 2008 and 2009. In 2010, a death row inmate waited an average of 178 months (or close to 15 years) between sentencing and execution. ^[1] Nearly a quarter of deaths on death row in the U.S. are due to natural causes.^[2]

Opponents of capital punishment claim that a prisoner's isolation and uncertainty over his or her fate constitute a form of mental cruelty and that especially long-time death row inmates are liable to become mentally ill, if they are not already. This is referred to as the death row phenomenon. In extreme cases some inmates may attempt suicide.

In the United Kingdom, the convicted were given one appeal of their sentence. If that appeal was found to involve an important point of law it was taken up to the House of Lords and at that point the sentence was changed to life in prison.^[3] In some Caribbean countries which still authorize execution, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council is the ultimate court of appeals. It has upheld appeals by prisoners who have spent several years under sentence of death, stating that it does not desire to see the death row phenomenon emerge in countries under its jurisdiction. Haiti continued^{[citation needed]} the conventional 'reprieved if not executed within 90 days' process adopted by Britain before its abolition (Haiti later abolished the death penalty in 1987).^[4]

United States Penitentiary, Terre Haute houses the male death row prisoners sentenced by the U.S. federal government

San Quentin State Prison houses the male death row prisoners sentenced by the U.S. state of California

Allan B. Polunsky Unit houses the male death row prisoners sentenced by the U.S. state of Texas

Louisiana State Penitentiary, which houses the male death row prisoners sentenced by the State of Louisiana

The Mississippi State Penitentiary, which houses male death row prisoners sentenced by the State of Mississippi

Oklahoma State Penitentiary, which houses male death row prisoners sentenced by the state of Oklahoma

There were approximately 3,189 people on death row in the United States as of Jan 1, 2012 (http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/documents/FactSheet.pdf). Since 1977, the states of Texas (464), Virginia (108) and Oklahoma (94) have executed the most death row inmates. ^[5] As of 2010, California (683), Florida (390), Texas (330) and Pennsylvania (218) housed more than half of all inmates pending on death row. As of 2008, the longest-serving prisoner on death row in the U.S.A. who has been executed was Jack Alderman who served over 33 years. He was executed in 2008.^[6] However, Alderman only holds the distinction of being the longest-serving executed inmate so far. A Florida inmate, Gary Alvord, arrived on Florida's death row before Alderman arrived on Georgia's death row and, on 9 April 2009, Alvord had been on death row for exactly 35 years,^[7] longer than any other United States death row inmate. The oldest prisoner on death row in the United States was Leroy Nash, age 94, in Arizona. He died of natural causes on February 12, 2010.

Death row locations in the United States[link]

Notes: ¹Naval Consolidated Brig, Miramar is the only facility in the United States Department of Defense designated to house female Level III inmates.
²Last death sentence reversed in 2007.

See also[link]

	Criminal justice portal
	Law portal

• Live from Death Row
• The Green Mile
• The Chamber
• Dead Man Walking
• Capital punishment
• List of United States death row inmates
• List of exonerated death row inmates
• Execution chamber

References[link]

External links[link]

• "Death Row Inmates Pictures." AOL News
• "The Management of Death-Sentenced Inmates: Issues, Realities, and Innovative Strategies" - Missouri Department of Corrections
• Death Row Inmates Tony Medina
• Deathrow - The last resort

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Sir Trevor McDonald OBE (born George McDonald on 16 August 1939) is a Trinidadian-British newsreader and journalist. He had a long career as a news presenter with ITN. He is notable for having been the first black^[1] news reader in the UK,^[2] and for having won more awards than any other British broadcaster.^[3]

McDonald was knighted in 1999 for his services to journalism.^[4]

Journalism[link]

Early career[link]

After working as a print and broadcast journalist in Trinidad during the 1960s, in 1969 McDonald was employed by BBC Radio as a producer, based in London but still broadcasting to the Caribbean.^[4] In 1973 he began his long association with Independent Television News, first as a general reporter, later as a sports correspondent, but ultimately concentrating on international politics. In the 1980s he spent some time with Channel 4 News,^[4] but returned to ITN in 1989, presenting the early-evening news.^[5]

News at Ten[link]

McDonald was promoted in 1992 as the sole presenter of News at Ten, where he became one of the best known faces on British television screens. McDonald stayed with ITN when News at Ten was axed in 1999, moving to present the new ITV Evening News. News at Ten was briefly relaunched in 22 January 2001, to which McDonald returned to presenting. He presented the ITV News at 10.30 following News at Ten's second axing.

Tonight[link]

From 1999-2009, McDonald hosted ITV's flagship current affairs programme Tonight with Trevor McDonald.

First retirement[link]

On 29 November 2005, speculation that McDonald was about to leave ITV to work elsewhere ended when he signed a further two year contract involving producing both a documentary show and a new series of interviews which will be of a wider general interest.^{[citation needed]}

McDonald presented his last ITV News bulletin on 15 December 2005. The veteran newsreader stepped down from his role as anchor after more than 30 years at ITN, but said he had no plans to retire completely from television. At the end of the final programme, newsreader Trevor McDonald sign off with the words: That brings to an end my association with the news at 10.30. Thank you for watching. Over the opening and closing titles of the bulletin McDonald presented, the November 1992 to March 1999 ITV News at Ten theme, as a tribute to McDonald.^[6]

Return to News at Ten[link]

On 31 October 2007, ITV announced that, early in 2008, McDonald would come out of retirement to present the relaunched News at Ten together with Julie Etchingham.^[7] He told a newspaper: "I couldn’t turn down the move back to that iconic time slot."^[8] News at Ten began broadcasting once again on 14 January 2008.^[9]

Second retirement[link]

It was announced on the 30 October 2008 that McDonald would step down from News at Ten once the US 2008 Presidential elections were over, to be replaced by Mark Austin.^[10] His last bulletin was on 20 November 2008. He continues to present links for The Tonight Programme.

ITV Travel Documentaries[link]

• In 2009, McDonald travelled to the Caribbean and host the series The Secret Caribbean with Trevor McDonald.^[11][12]
• In 2011, McDonald travelled around the Mediterranean and host the series The Secret Mediterranean with Trevor McDonald.
• In 2012, McDonald travelled along the route of the Mississippi River and host the series The Mighty Mississippi with Trevor McDonald.

Other work and media appearances[link]

• McDonald presented the TV series Undercover Customs which created reconstructions of major HM Customs and Excise investigations in the UK^{[citation needed]}
• Since their inception in 1995 until 2008, he presented the National Television Awards. McDonald was replaced as presenter for the 2010 event by X Factor host Dermot O'Leary^{[citation needed]}
• On 21 April 2006, McDonald presented an episode of Have I Got News For You with a good degree of success^{[citation needed]}; he delivered the autocue jokes, some of which were extremely risqué, in his usual sober newscaster manner, the juxtaposition of which prompted team captain Paul Merton, who usually maintains a straight face on the show, to laugh heartily in disbelief on numerous occasions. It was McDonald's first appearance in any capacity on the show since 1992^{[citation needed]}
• McDonald is Chancellor of London South Bank University. He also has intimate ties with King's College School in Wimbledon, a London day school, where he is now a governor^{[citation needed]}
• McDonald is the author of biographies of the cricketers Viv Richards and Clive Lloyd^[4]
• He has worked as an editor of poetry anthologies,^[4] and his autobiography Fortunate Circumstances was published in 1993^[4]
• Lenny Henry's comic character Trevor McDoughnut is a spoof of McDonald.^[4] McDonald once surprised Henry during a performance of McDoughnut on Tiswas by walking into the studio to sit with Henry. Trevor returned to Tiswas on two further occasions. Firstly, a number of weeks following his original surprise appearance, Trevor cropped up during a spoof edition of This Is Your Life to 'reminisce' with Lenny Henry about the earlier event. The other appearance occurred during the "Tiswas Reunited" show (a reunion programme transmitted in June 2007) where Sir Trevor joined Lenny on the sofa once again to look back at the old clips and comment upon Lenny's impersonation^{[citation needed]}
• McDonald performed live in Hyde Park in Summer 1996 with The Who, as the newsreader in the group's staging of their Quadrophenia^{[citation needed]}
• In June 2007, McDonald hosted the new ITV version of This Is Your Life, Simon Cowell being the programme's "victim"^{[citation needed]}
• In June 2007, McDonald began hosting the new ITV television series News Knight with Sir Trevor McDonald
• In August 2010 McDonald conducted a live on-stage interview with Archbishop Desmond Tutu at Fairfield Halls in Croydon at an event entitled An Audience with Desmond Tutu^[13][14]
• A picture of McDonald was seen at the end of the video I Know Him So Well by Peter Kay and Susan Boyle for Comic Relief 2011.
• In 2011, a clip from one of McDonald's news broadcasts was shown in The Iron Lady.

Awards[link]

McDonald holds Honorary Degrees from the University of Plymouth ^[15]and Liverpool John Moores University.^[16] In 1993, he was awarded an OBE in the Queen's honours list.^{[citation needed]} He received a knighthood in 1999 for his services to journalism.^[4] He was awarded with a BAFTA fellowship at the 2011 British Academy Television Awards.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Vision Aid Overseas
• Trevor McDonald at itv.com
• Trevor McDonald at the Internet Movie Database
• Trevor McDonald at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
• Works by or about Trevor McDonald in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Sir Trevor reads final bulletin BBC News, 15 December 2005
• Newsworthy career of Sir Trevor BBC News, 15 December 2005