The dubbel (also double) is a Belgian Trappist beer naming convention^[1]. The origin of the dubbel was a beer brewed in the Trappist Abbey of Westmalle in 1856. The abbey had, since 10 December 1836, brewed a witbier that was quite sweet and light in alcohol for consumption by the paters. The new beer, however, was a strong version of a brown beer. In 1926, the formulation was changed and it became even stronger. The first written record of its sale by the abbey was on 1 June 1861^[2]. Following World War Two, abbey beers became popular in Belgium and the name "dubbel" was used by several breweries for commercial purposes.

Westmalle Dubbel was imitated by other breweries, Trappist and secular, Belgian and worldwide, leading to the emergence of a style. Dubbels are now understood to be a fairly strong (6%-8% ABV) brown ale, with understated bitterness, fairly heavy body, and a pronounced fruitiness and cereal character.

Chimay Red/Premiere, Koningshoeven/La Trappe Dubbel and Achel 8 Bruin are examples from Trappist breweries. Affligem and Grimbergen are Belgian abbey breweries that produce dubbels. Ommegang and New Belgium's Abbey Ale are examples from the USA.

References[link]

1. ^ Geert van Lierde et al., In het Spoor van de Trappisten ISBN 90-261-0704-8, page 25
2. ^ Jef van den Steen, Trappist - Het Bier en de Monniken ISBN 90-5826-214-6, pages 33 & 41

External links[link]

Beer portal

• Belgium's Great Beers
• A history and guide to Trappist breweries in Belgium
• Another history and guide to Trappist breweries in Belgium
• The Belgian Beer Board
• The Belgian Beer Pub Map

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Tomas Andersson is a Swedish DJ.

Biography[link]

Tomas Andersson was born and raised in Luleå, Sweden. In the early nineties Andersson moved to Stockholm where he attended Stockholm University majoring in Law. During this time he began his career as a musician, playing at various indie clubs of Stockholm. Among his first music cooperations were The Submarine Prophets, a psychedelic space pop group, who released a 12" EP 'Dive' in 1990, and Subcode, a minimal techno group. Initially Andersson started out organizing parties and working as a DJ. He then turned to producing music using an Amiga computer and a number of vintage Synthesizers.

In 1999 Andersson began a music label, Average Records, with a group of other musicians. During the next two years he collaborated with other artists on the Average Records label to create two compilations of Techno and Electronica music.

In 2001 Andersson released a 12" record through Ink Fish Records [1]. He then joined Longhaul Records releasing a 12" record that was named 'Single of the Month' by Jockey Slut magazine. He continued to collaborate with fellow artists on the Average Records label.

In 2002 Andersson released the album Hem Ljuva Hem (Home, Sweet Home) on the label Longhaul. This album was well received by the press. In February he performed live in London at Fabric. Then in the summer (Northern Hemisphere) of 2002 Andersson performed live in Berlin at Ostgut (now Berghain). Two more 12" records were planned to be released through Longhaul Records but due to unknown trouble with the company they were never released. Andersson continued to perform live at clubs in Stockholm.

In 2003 Tomas Andersson got in contact with BPitch Control and they expressed interest in releasing a 12" record.

In May 2004 Andersson, through BPitch Records, released the album Bas. One of the tracks from this album, 'Numb', was remixed by successful electronic musician Ellen Allien (founder of BPitch Control) for her track 'My Parade'. The group Modeselektor from the same label sampled 'Numb' for their track 'Raveanthem'.

In 2005 Tomas Andersson released his fourth EP Festivities. 'Festivities' is the one-hundredth album from BPitch Records (BPC100).

External links[link]

• Discogs: Tomas Andersson
• Bpitch Control: Tomas Andersson

Ali B
Ali B in 2008
Background information
Birth name	Ali Bouali
Born	(1981-10-16) 16 October 1981 (age 30) Zaanstad, Netherlands
Genres	Hip Hop, Urban Pop
Occupations	Rapper
Years active	1999–present
Labels	SPEC Entertainment
Website	www.alib.nl (Dutch)

Ali B (real name Ali Bouali) is a Dutch rapper of Moroccan descent.^[1] He has been noted as the first Moroccan-Dutch star in Dutch pop culture,^[2] "perhaps the most popular rapper in the Netherlands",^[3] and has performed together with Akon and Dutch artist Marco Borsato.

Personal life[link]

Ali B married his then-manager Breghje, with whom he lives in Almere. They have two sons, Omar and Amir.

Jan Smit incident

In March 2004, Ali B participated in a special edition of Dutch television station RTL 4's The Weakest Link. Ali B voted Jan Smit (a Dutch singer) out, spelling his name on the board as "Jan Shit". As a result, he and Smit's manager, as well as Smit himself, entered into a fight.

Firework incident at Staphorst

On Wednesday 27 December 2006, Ali B organised a fireworks display on the marketplace in order to launch and introduce the new radio station TMF at Staphorst. A funeral was being conducted in the vicinity of the display, and complaints were made that it was disruptive to the ceremony (after which Ali B contacted the mother of the deceased boy). No licences had been issued for the firework display by the municipality, on which grounds Staphorst filed a case against Ali B. Ali B claimed defamation, and in the end only received a warning.

Ali B is one of the few rappers from the Netherlands who became a millionair because of his music and TV shows.The others being: Yes-R, Kempi, Salah Edin, Extince, Brainpower and Opgezwolle .

Discography[link]

Ali B

Singles[link]

References[link]

Footnotes

External links[link]

• Official website (Dutch)
• Ali B on 3voor12.vpro.nl (Dutch)
• biography on popinstituut.nl (Dutch)
• Ali B discography at MusicBrainz

Vybz Kartel
Background information
Birth name	Adidja Palmer
Born	(1976-01-07) 7 January 1976 (age 36) Kingston, Jamaica
Origin	Portmore, Jamaica
Genres	Reggae, Dancehall, Reggae fusion
Occupations	Deejay, songwriter, entrepreneur, lyricist, producer
Years active	2000–present
Labels	Adidjaheim Records
Associated acts	Beenie Man, Aidonia, Elephant Man, Ninjaman, The Alliance, Portmore Empire, Major Lazer & Popcaan, Kano, Vanessa Bling
Website	www.vybzkartel.co.uk

Adidja Palmer (born 7 January 1976)- ^[1][2][3] better known as Vybz Kartel, is a Jamaican dancehall artist, songwriter and businessman. He has many nicknames, including: Addi, The Teacher, World Boss, Kartel, Vybz, Gaza General and Gaza Don.

Biography[link]

Adidja Palmer began his career as a teenager in 1993 with his first recording "Love Fat Woman", released on Alvin Reid's label "One Heart", using the moniker "Adi Banton", a homage to Buju Banton.^[4] Palmer was later part of the three-member group "Vybez Cartel", keeping the slightly altered name after group split up, and became a protege of Bounty Killer, for whom he claims to have written nearly 30 songs, including "Gal Clown".^[5]

Vybz Kartel rose to prominence in 2003 after a string of hits in Jamaica. The year culminated in a pre-planned on-stage clash with Ninjaman at the annual dancehall festival Sting in Kartel's hometown of Portmore. The clash turned violent when Kartel's crewmembers, as well as Kartel himself, threw punches and assaulted Ninjaman onstage.^[6] While Kartel's manager initially blamed Ninjaman for the fracas,^[6] Kartel himself quickly apologised to Ninjaman and Sting organizers for the fracas.^[7] Four days after the incident, the two artists appeared before the press to announce a settlement of their differences and to end any animosity.^[8]

He established his own label Adidjahiem/Notnice Records with his business partner and producer Ainsley "Notnice" Morris.^[9] In 2010, he released his album Pon Di Gaza 2.0 on Adidjahiem/Notnice Records in collaboration with Tads Record Inc.^[10] In Spring 2011, Vybz Kartel released an album entitled 'Kingston Story' with Brooklyn hip hop/electro producer Dre Skull.^[11]

Kartel has worked on collaborations and remixes with hip hop and R&B musicians Jay-Z, Rihanna, Missy Elliott, Busta Rhymes, M.I.A, Pharrell, Kardinal Offishall, Akon, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne and Eminem.

In 2009 he had succeeded internationally with his hit song featuring a popular female Jamaican Deejay 'Spice' - "Ramping Shop" debuting on the Billboard Top 100 Singles charts,^[12] and "Dollar Sign" being in regular rotation on urban radio stations in the US.^[13] His 2010 single "Clarks" was one of his biggest international successes, remaining in the top 3 Reggae Singles gaining the most radio plays in North America for 40 weeks.^[14] "Clarks" was also featured on the TV series So You Think You Can Dance Canada,^[15] and on a CNN segment on dancehall dance.^[16] MTV's Vice Guide to Dancehall featured Kartel at his weekly dance party, Street Vybz Thursday.^[17]

After splitting with Bounty Killer-led Alliance in 2006, Kartel founded the Portmore Empire, a group of dancehall deejays and singers from his Portmore neighborhood that he signed to his newly founded Adidjahiem/Notnice Records. Members of the group as of 2011 were: Popcaan, Shawn Storm, Sheba, Gaza Indu, Tommy Lee, Singing Maxwell, Singa Blinga, Lenny Mattic. Former members include Lisa Hype,^[18] Gaza Kim,^[19] Black Ryno,^[20] Jah Vinci, Dosa Medicine and Merital Family^[21].

Feud with Mavado[link]

Towards the end of 2006, Vybz Kartel left The Alliance. Tensions arose following Kartel's continued association with Bounty Killer's longtime enemy, Beenie Man, including Kartel attending Beenie Man's wedding to Bounty Killer's ex-girlfriend D'Angel.^[22] Due to Kartel's defection from The Alliance and his 'parring' (fraternising) with Beenie Man, a series of songs and counteraction songs ensued - the main proponents being Kartel and Mavado.

A very public feud between Vybz Kartel and former collaborator Mavado arose towards the end of 2006, stemming from Vybz' much publicized departure from the dancehall conglomerate group The Alliance. The feud resulted in numerous diss tracks released, in which each artist dissed the other and their associates over popular dancehall rhythms.^[23] In a police-overseen press conference in March 2007, both Mavado and Vybz Kartel publicly announced an end to hostilities and apologized to fans.^[24]

However, by the summer of 2008, tensions flared with a renewal of "diss tracks" from each artist, and a lyrical clash between the two at Sting 2008 left mixed views as to the "winner".^[25][26] Most of 2009 saw a continuation of the public feud, which dominated Jamaican media and, to a certain extent, Jamaican culture, with the two artists' factions, Gaza (Kartel) and Gully (Mavado), being adopted by Jamaican youth, in some cases leading to street violence.^[27][28]

On 8 December 2009, Kartel and Mavado met with Jamaican Prime Minister Bruce Golding in an attempt to end the feud, which had by that time fueled mob attacks in some of the inner-city neighborhoods of Kingston.^[29] The two had performed together on-stage the previous night in a sign of goodwill at the West Kingston Jamboree, a concert promoted by drug lord^[30] Christopher "Dudus" Coke.^[23] After the truce in December 2009, the two artists were scheduled to perform a unity concert March 2010 in Barbados, which was later cancelled by the prime minister of that country.^[31]

Business[link]

In 2008, Vybz Kartel launched his own liquor line Street Vybz Rum. He hosts a weekly dance party Street Vybz Thursday, at the Building, Kingston nightclub he manages with Street Vybz Rum business partner Corey Todd.^[32] The rum is officially distributed by Vybz Distillers Limited. The same year, he also released his own condom line, Daggering Condoms.^[33] Kartel's goal for 2011 is to release his own shoe line named Addi's, as well as his own line of "cake soap".^[34]

When his singles "Clarks", "Clarks 2 (Clarks Again)" and "Clarks 3 (Wear Weh Yuh Have)" featured the British shoe brand Clarks in 2010, its sales numbers and prices in Jamaica increased considerably.^[35]

Vybz Kartel has also hosted his own reality television show "Teacha's Pet" on CVM Jamaica broadcast channel, the first reality television show hosted by a dancehall artist in Jamaica. The premise of "Teacha's Pet" finds 20 women living in a Kingston house vying for the artist's affection; the show's lascivious content elicited condemnation of its sponsor, telecommunications company LIME. The show came to a halt with the artist's arrest on murder charges in September 2011.

Controversies[link]

Whitening[link]

Vybz Kartel's Skin before and after he bleached his skin

Kartel has come under controversy over perceived skin whitening, or "bleaching", leading him to claim to the use of "cake soap" to lighten his skin.^[36][37] The Blue Power Group, Jamaican manufacturer of the popular cake soap (or "blue soap"), has refuted claims it changes skin color.^[38] Kartel then stated the soap used to lighten his skin was his own brand, which he intends to release on the local market.^[34]

Airwave Ban[link]

In September 2011 the National Communications Network of Guyana banned Vybz Kartel from the airwaves—the first such action against a specific artist. His music contained "obscene lyrics" and brought "nothing positive" to the entertainment industry, said NCN spokesman Martin Goolsarran (Wednesday, Sept 21st) after a week of internal debate. He said NCN was reviewing the lyrics of other musicians and could ban them as well. In fact the government had no problem with Kartel, its Tourism Ministry inviting him to an August music festival, but he angered it and Guyanese promoters when he failed to show up.^[39]

Murder charge[link]

Vybz Kartel being arrested in October 2011

On 29 September 2011, Kartel was arrested by police. Jamaica's Major Investigation Taskforce (MIT) charged him with murder, conspiracy to murder and illegal possession of a firearm. The deceased was Barrington 'Bossie' Burton, a 27-year-old businessman and music promoter based in the Kingston suburb of Portmore. They first visited Kingston's Norbrook community where the DJ resides, then went to a property on Swallowfield Avenue in Kingston's Havendale area. That residence was the scene of a fire several weeks ago; a scorched computer hard-drive and several boxes were removed. They then drove to Portmore to a home purportedly owned by Kartel's mother, where a number of items were similarly confiscated. Kartel was detained for the weekend in relation to a partially burned, decomposing body found inside the Swallowfield Avenue home.^[40]

Kartel was granted bail for the Burton murder 23 March 2012 for JD$3,000,000, but currently remains jailed in connection on a second murder, of one Clive 'Lizzard' Williams.^[41]

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• 2003: Up 2 Di Time
• 2004: More Up 2 Di Time
• 2005: J.M.T.
• 2009: Most Wanted
• 2010: Pon di Gaza 2.0
• 2011: Kingston Story

Singles[link]

Guest appearances[link]

Awards[link]

Kartel has had several collaborations with international hip hop and pop stars. He has released two albums for the UK/US based label Greensleeves Records. He was also nominated for the Source,^[43] VIBE and UK MOBO awards, although his 2004 UK MOBO award nomination was withdrawn amidst controversy over homophobic content of his lyrics.^[44]

• 2003
  • Stone Love's 30th Anniversary
    • DJ of the Year 2005

• 2008
  • CUMA (Caribbean Urban Music Awards)

• 2009
  • EME Awards^[45]
    • Male DJ of the Year
    • Lyricist/Songwriter of the Year
    • Song of the Year (Romping Shop ft. Spice)

• 2010
  • EME Awards^[46]

References[link]

Ariane Moffatt
Ariane Moffatt in Paris, 2006
Background information
Born	(1979-04-26) 26 April 1979 (age 33) Saint-Romuald, Quebec, Canada
Instruments	Piano, guitar, drums, synthesizer
Labels	Audiogram
Website	arianemoffatt.com

Ariane Moffatt (born 26 April 1979) is a Québécoise singer-songwriter. Known for working across multiple musical genres, Moffatt's music combines elements of electronica, jazz, folk, and pop. A francophone, she is bilingual and has recorded tracks in both French and English. Her 2002 debut album Aquanaute went platinum in Quebec, earning 11 nominations at the 2003 ADISQ Awards and winning three Félix awards (for Discovery of the Year, Album of the Year – Pop/Rock, and Album Producer of the Year)^[1]. She is known in Quebec for two well-received singles from Aquanaute: "La barricade" and "Dans un océan".

Early Life[link]

Moffatt grew up in Saint-Romuald, a suburb of Quebec City on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River. After completing Grade 11, she moved to Montreal where she earned a Diplôme d'études collégiales in music at Cégep de Saint-Laurent, then a Baccalauréat in popular music and classical singing from UQAM.

Career[link]

After university, Moffatt went on tour with singer Marc Déry. This led to an invitation in 2001 from singer-songwriter Daniel Bélanger to join his band as a keyboardist and vocalist in support of his well-received album Rêver mieux. Her debut solo album Aquanaute was released in 2002 on the Audiogram label in Canada and on the EMI/Virgin label in Europe in 2005.

In 2004, Moffatt met French rock musician Matthieu Chedid at Montreal's FrancoFolies music and performance festival. She subsequently remixed Chedid's "La Bonne Étoile" (from his 2003 album Qui de nous deux) as a virtual duet. Her version of the popular song received wide airplay in France and helped introduce her to French music fans. The track is scheduled to be included on a future re-release of Aquanaute.

In 2005, Moffatt released her first music DVD, Ariane Moffatt à la Station C, which received a 2006 Juno Award nomination for Music DVD of the Year. Her sophomore album, Le cœur dans la tête (meaning Heart in the Head) was released later that year.

Moffatt opened for French musician Alain Souchon at the Olympia (a Montreal theatre and concert venue) in 2006.

Moffatt collaborated with Franco-Israeli singer-songwriter Yael Naim on her 2008 release Tous les sens (meaning All the Senses), which was awarded Francophone Album of the Year at the 2009 Juno Awards.^[2] She also contributed vocals to the song "Sweet Light" on Tales from the City, the second album from Montreal alternative band Mobile.^[3]

In 2010, Moffatt contributed twelve tracks (all covers of English-language songs) to the popular Radio-Canada medical show Trauma, which were subsequently released as a soundtrack album. Songs included "Everybody Hurts" by R.E.M., Leonard Cohen's "In My Secret Life", and Martha Wainwright's "Far Away". Montreal's Hour alternative newsweekly declared that Moffatt "owns these songs so hard you have to wonder if anyone will ever be able to pry them away from her".^[4] The soundtrack went on to reach Gold status in Canada ^[5]. That same year she was nominated for "Best Breakthrough Live Act of the Year" at France's Victoires de la Musique awards.

2012 saw the release of Moffatt's fourth album, MA (the title references both the Japanese concept of negative space and Moffatt's initials) marks the first time the singer has composed songs in English. In an interview with Hour Moffatt explained that the effort had been inspired by her surrounds: "My studio is in Mile End, I live nearby as well, the neighbourhood is bilingual and so is the music scene I’m attracted to, which is very palpable around here," she told Hour. "I was looking for a space to compose, somewhere inspiring and luminous. I was on a kind of sabbatical, exploring and playing around, with no deadline to make an album. I was just composing and recording here in my little bubble, all by myself. I ended up with a bunch of songs, half of them in English, half in French."^[6]

Personal life[link]

On 26 February 2012, Moffatt came out as a lesbian while being interviewed by Guy Lepage on the popular Quebec talk show Tout le monde en parle.

Discography[link]

• 2002: Aquanaute
• 2005: À la Station C
• November 2005: Le cœur dans la tête
• 22 April 2008: Tous les sens
• 2009: Tous les sens remix
• 2010: TRAUMA_SERIE TV
• 2012: MA -#2 CAN^[7]

Videography[link]

• 2002: "Point de mire"
• 2003: "La Barricade"
• 2003: "Poussière d'ange"
• 2004: "Fracture du crâne"
• 2005: "Hasard"
• 2005: À la station C (DVD)
• 2006: "Montréal"
• 2008: "Réverbère"
• 2009: "Jeudi, 17 mai"
• 2009: "Je veux tout"

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ariane Moffatt

• (French) Ariane Moffatt official site
• (French) Audiogram artist page
• (French) Ariane Moffatt on MySpace
• (French) Espace Mo'Fan, fan page

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