For other uses, see Boer (disambiguation)

Boers are a distinct group of the larger Afrikaner nation.^{[citation needed]}

Boer people

Paul Kruger, Andries Pretorius, Sarel Cilliers, and Petrus Jacobus Joubert
Total population
approx. 1.5 million.[1]
Languages
Afrikaans, South African English
Religion
Protestant (Afrikaner Calvinism, Reformed churches)
Related ethnic groups
Dutch, Flemish, Frisians; Germans, French, Scots, English; Cape Coloureds, Basters

Boer ( /ˈbʊər/, /ˈboʊ.ər/, or /ˈbɔər/; Afrikaans: [ˈbuːr]) is the Dutch and Afrikaans word for farmer, which came to denote the descendants of the Dutch-speaking settlers of the eastern Cape frontier^[2] in Southern Africa during the 18th century, as well as those who left the Cape Colony during the 19th century to settle in the Orange Free State, Transvaal (which are together known as the Boer Republics), and to a lesser extent Natal. Their primary motivations for leaving the Cape were to escape British rule and extract themselves from the constant border wars between the British imperial government and the native tribes on the eastern frontier.

History[link]

Origin[link]

Boer guerrillas during the Second Boer War

The Trekboers, as they were originally known, were mainly of Dutch origin and included Calvinists, Flemish and Frisian Calvinists, as well as French Huguenot^[3] and German and British protestants who first arrived in the Cape of Good Hope during the period of its administration (1652 – 1795) by the Dutch East India Company (Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC). Lesser migrations of Scandinavians, Portuguese, Greeks, Italians, Spanish, Polish, Scots, English, Jews, Russians and Irish immigrants also contributed to this ethnic mix.

For more information on history before the Great Trek, see Afrikaner.

Great trek[link]

Those Trekboers who trekked into and occupied the eastern Cape were semi-nomadic. A significant number in the eastern Cape frontier later became Grensboere ("border farmers") who were the direct ancestors of the Voortrekkers. The Voortrekkers were those Boers (mainly from the eastern Cape) who left the Cape en masse in a series of large scale migrations later called the Great Trek beginning in 1835 as a result of British colonialism and constant border wars. When used in a historical context, the term Boer may refer to an inhabitant of the Boer Republics as well as those who were cultural Boers.

Anglo-Boer wars[link]

Though the Boers accepted British rule without resistance in 1877, they fought two wars in the late 19th century to defend their internationally recognized independent countries, the republics of the Transvaal (the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek, or ZAR) and the Orange Free State (OFS), against the threat of annexation by the British Crown. This led the key figure in organizing the resistance, Paul Kruger, into conflict with the British.^[4]

Boer War diaspora[link]

After the second Anglo-Boer War, a Boer diaspora occurred. Starting in 1903, the largest group emigrated to the Patagonia region of Argentina. Another group emigrated to British-ruled Kenya, from where most returned to South Africa during the 1930s, while a third group under the leadership of General Ben Viljoen emigrated to Mexico and to New Mexico and Texas in south-western USA.

Boer Revolt[link]

Jopie Fourie executed by firing squad for treason

The Maritz Rebellion or the Boer Revolt or the Five Shilling Rebellion or the Third Boer War, occurred in South Africa in 1914 at the start of World War I, in which men who supported the re-creation of the old Boer republics rose up against the government of the Union of South Africa because they did not want to side with the British against Germany so soon after they had had a long bloody war with the British. Many Boers had German ancestry and many members of the government were themselves former Boer military leaders who had fought with the Maritz rebels against the British in the Second Boer War, which had ended only twelve years earlier. The rebellion was put down by Louis Botha and Jan Smuts, and the ringleaders received heavy fines and terms of imprisonment. A renowned Boer, Jopie Fourie, was executed for treason in 1914. He was convicted as a rebel when, as an officer in the Union Defence Force, he refused to take up arms with the British.

Characteristics[link]

Culture[link]

Trekboers crossing the Karoo.

The desire to wander, known as trekgees, was a notable characteristic of the Boers. It figured prominently in the late 17th century when the Trekboers began to inhabit the northern and eastern Cape frontiers, again during the Great Trek when the Voortrekkers left the eastern Cape en masse, as well as after the major republics were established during the Thirstland Trek.^[5] When one such trekker was asked why he has emigrated he explained, "a drifting spirit was in our hearts, and we ourselves could not understand it. We just sold our farms and set out north-westwards to find a new home."^[5] A rustic characteristic and tradition was developed quite early on as Boer society was born on the frontiers of white settlement and on the outskirts of civilization.^[2]

The Boers had cut their ties to Europe as they emerged from the Trekboer group.^[6]

The separation and declaration of the republics was made out of necessity, rather than a personal choice. The Dutch was unwilling to protect the people they abandoned at the Cape of good hope.

The Boer quest for independence manifested in a tradition of declaring republics, which predates the arrival of the British; when the British arrived, Boer republics had already been declared and were in rebellion from the VOC (Dutch East India Company).^[7]

The Boers of the frontier were known for their independent spirit, resourcefulness, hardiness, and self-sufficiency, whose political notions verged on anarchy but had begun to be influenced by republicanism.^[7] Most of the men were also skilled with the use of guns as they would hunt and also were able to protect their families with them.

Nationalism[link]

Boer family, 1886

The Boer nation is well known for their strong nationalistic characteristics. Their nationalism was born of hundreds of years of fighting against imperialism, a continuing struggle for independence battling mainly British expansion into central South Africa, as well as the harsh African climate, a strong sense of nationhood. As with any other ethnic group that has come from troubled land to troubled land, many of them see it as their duty to educate future generations on their people's past.^{[citation needed]}

Calvinism[link]

The Boer nation is mainly descended from Dutch, German and French Huguenots, who migrated to South Africa during the 17th, 18th and early 19th centuries. The Boer nation has revealed a distinct Calvinist culture and the majority of Boers today are still members of a Reformed Church. The Nederduits Hervormde Kerk was the national Church of the South African Republic (1852–1902). Also note the "Orange" in Orange Free State (1854–1902) was named after the Protestant House of Orange in the Netherlands.

The Calvinist influence remains in that some fundamental Calvinist doctrines such as unconditional predestination and divine providence remains present in much of Boer culture, who see their role in society as abiding by the national laws and accepting calamity and hardship as part of their Christian duty.^[8]

A small number of Boers may also be members of Baptist, Pentecostal or Lutheran Churches.

Modern usage[link]

During recent times, mainly during the apartheid reform and post-1994 eras, many more white Afrikaans-speaking people, mainly with "conservative" political views and of Trekboer and Voortrekker descent, have preferred to be called "Boers" or Boere-Afrikaners, rather than "Afrikaners".^[9] They feel that there were many people of Voortrekker descent who were not co-opted or assimilated into what they see as the Cape-based Afrikaner identity which began emerging after the Second Anglo-Boer War and the subsequent establishment of the Union of South Africa in 1910. Certain Boer nationalists have asserted that they do not consider themselves a right-wing element of the political spectrum.^[10]

They contend that the Boers of the South African Republic (ZAR) and Orange Free State republics were recognized as a separate people or cultural group under international law by the Sand River Convention (which created the South African Republic in 1852),^[11] the Bloemfontein Convention (which created the Orange Free State Republic in 1854), the Pretoria Convention (which re-established the independence of the South African Republic 1881), the London Convention (which granted the full independence to the South African Republic in 1884) and the Vereeniging Peace Treaty, which formally ended the Second Anglo-Boer War on 31 May 1902. Others contend, however, that these treaties dealt only with agreements between governmental entities and do not imply the recognition of a Boer cultural identity per se.

The supporters of these views feel that the Afrikaner designation (or label) was used from the 1930s onwards as a means of unifying (politically at least) the white Afrikaans speakers of the Western Cape with those of Trekboer and Voortrekker descent (whose ancestors began migrating eastward during the late 17th century and throughout the 18th century and later northward during the Great Trek of the 1830s) in the north of South Africa, where the Boer Republics were established.^[9]

Since the Anglo-Boer war the term "Boervolk" was rarely used in the 20th century by the various regimes because of this attempt to assimilate the Boervolk with the Afrikaners. A portion of those who are the descendants of the Boerevolk have reasserted this designation.^[9]

The supporters of the "Boer" designation view the term "Afrikaner" as an artificial political label which usurped their history and culture, turning "Boer" achievements into "Afrikaner" achievements. They feel that the Western-Cape based Afrikaners — whose ancestors did not trek eastwards or northwards — took advantage of the republican Boers' destitution following the Anglo-Boer War and later attempted to assimilate the Boers into a new politically based cultural label as "Afrikaners".^[12][13][14]

In contemporary South Africa and due to Broederbond propaganda, Boer and Afrikaner have been used interchangeably despite the fact that the Boers are the smaller segment within the Afrikaner designation as the Afrikaners of Cape Dutch origin are larger. Afrikaner directly translated means "African" and subsequently refers to all Afrikaans speaking people in Africa who have their origins in the Cape Colony founded by Jan Van Riebeeck. Boer is the specific ethnic group within the larger Afrikaans speaking population.^{[citation needed]}

Politics[link]

• Democratic Alliance (South Africa)
• Freedom Front Plus
• Herstigte Nasionale Party

Education[link]

The BCVO (Movement for Christian-National Education) is a federation of 47 Calvinist private schools, primarily in the Free State and the Transvaal, committed to educating Boer children from grade 0 through to 12.^[15]

Media[link]

Some local Radio stations promote the ideals of the people identifying with Boer/Afrikaner people, like Radio Rosestad (in Bloemfontein), Overvaal Stereo and Radio Pretoria.

Territories[link]

Two territorial areas are being developed as settlement exclusively for Boer/Afrikaners, Orania in the Northern Cape and Kleinfontein near Pretoria.

Notable Boers[link]

Voortrekker leaders

• Sarel Cilliers
• Andries Hendrik Potgieter
• Andries Pretorius
• Piet Retief

Great trek

• Racheltjie de Beer
• Dirkie Uys

Participants in the Second Anglo-Boer War

• Koos de la Rey, general and regarded as being one of the great military leaders of the Second Anglo-Boer War.
• Danie Theron, soldier
• Christiaan Rudolf de Wet, general
• Siener van Rensburg, considered a prophet by some.

Politicians

• Louis Botha, first prime minister of South Africa (1910–19) and former Boer general
• Petrus Jacobus Joubert, general and cabinet member of the Transvaal Republic
• Paul Kruger, president of the Transvaal Republic
• Eugene Terre'Blanche, founder of the Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging

Spies

• Fritz Joubert Duquesne, a Boer Captain known as the Black Panther, served in the Second Boer War. Captured in Mozambique, he escaped prison in Portugal and returned to South Africa as a British officer. In 1901, he was caught planning to sabotage strategic British installations in Cape Town and sentenced to life in prison; however, he escaped and was re-captured several times again throughout his life. In World War I, Duquesne spied for Germany, earning the Iron Cross for allegedly sinking the HMS Hampshire thereby killing Lord Kitchener in 1916. He also served as a Nazi spy in the United States and, in 1941, he was caught by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in the largest espionage case in U.S. history: The Duquesne Spy Ring.

See also[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

•  "Boer". New International Encyclopedia. 1905. 

Media related to Boers at Wikimedia Commons

When Louis Met... is a series of documentary films made by BAFTA award-winning film-maker Louis Theroux. The series was originally aired on BBC2 from 2000 to 2002.

In the series, Theroux accompanied a different British celebrity in each programme as they went about their day-to-day business, interviewing them about their lives and experiences as he did so. His episode about the DJ and charity fund-raiser Sir Jimmy Savile (When Louis Met...Jimmy) was voted one of the top fifty documentaries of all time in a survey by Britain's Channel Four. In another episode ("When Louis Met...The Hamiltons"), the disgraced Tory MP Neil Hamilton and his wife Christine were arrested following false allegations of indecent assault during the course of filming.

The show did not return for a third series, Theroux admitted that he had difficulty in finding people to appear.^[1]

Episodes[link]

Series One (2000 - 2001)[link]

Series Two (2002)[link]

Awards[link]

Winner - 2002 BAFTA TV Award - Richard Dimbleby Award for the Best Presenter (Factual, Features and News) - For the "When Louis Met..." series of films.

Nominated - 2002 Flaherty Documentary Award - For "When Louis Met...The Hamiltons"

"When Louis Met... Jimmy" was voted number 50 in Channel 4's 2005 poll of the 50 greatest documentaries.

DVD releases[link]

When Louis Met... has been released on PAL DVD in a number of best-of sets. Originally, Vol.1/Vol.2 and Vol.3/Vol.4 were released as two disc sets, before being split. Later the 4 volumes were released as a limited edition box set.

• The Best of Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Porn
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Survivalists
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Gangsta Rap
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: UFOs
  • DVD Bonus: When Louis Met...Jimmy
  • DVD Bonus: In-Vision Commentary by Louis & Sir Jimmy Savile OBE

• The Best of Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends Volume II
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Swingers
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: South Africa
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Wrestling
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Hypnosis
  • DVD Bonus: When Louis Met...The Hamiltons
  • DVD Bonus: In-Vision Commentary by Louis and the Hamiltons

• The Best of Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends Volume I
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Porn
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Survivalists
  • DVD Bonus: In-Vision Commentary by Louis and Jimmy Taped in Jimmy's Penthouse

• The Best of Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends Volume II
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Wrestling
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Hypnosis
  • DVD Bonus: When Louis Met...The Hamiltons
  • DVD Bonus: In-Vision Commentary by Louis and the Hamiltons

• The Best of Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends Volume III
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Swingers
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: South Africa
  • DVD Bonus: In-Vision Commentary by Louis and the Hamiltons

• The Best of Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends Volume IV
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Gangsta Rap
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: UFOs
  • DVD Bonus: When Louis Met...Jimmy
  • DVD Bonus: In-Vision Commentary by Louis and Jimmy Taped in Jimmy's Penthouse

• The Best of Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends Volume I, II, III & IV
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Porn
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Survivalists
  • DVD Bonus: In-Vision Commentary by Louis and Jimmy Taped in Jimmy's Penthouse
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Wrestling
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Hypnosis
  • DVD Bonus: When Louis Met...The Hamiltons
  • DVD Bonus: In-Vision Commentary by Louis and the Hamiltons
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Swingers
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: South Africa
  • DVD Bonus: In-Vision Commentary by Louis and the Hamiltons
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Gangsta Rap
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: UFOs
  • DVD Bonus: When Louis Met...Jimmy
  • DVD Bonus: In-Vision Commentary by Louis and Jimmy Taped in Jimmy's Penthouse

• Louis Theroux: The Collection
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Porn
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Head for the Hills aka Survivalists
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Swingers
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Black Nationalism
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Wrestling
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: South Africa
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Thai Brides
  • Louis Theroux's Weird Weekends: Gangsta Rap
  • When Louis Met...Jimmy
  • When Louis Met...Paul and Debbie
  • When Louis Met...The Hamiltons
  • When Louis Met...Ann Widdecombe
  • When Louis Met...Chris Eubank
  • Louis and the Brothel
  • Louis and the Nazis
  • TV Nation: New Klan
  • TV Nation: Millennium
  • TV Nation: Jerusalem Syndrome
  • TV Nation: Cops for Christ

See also[link]

• List of Louis Theroux Documentaries

References[link]

External links[link]

• When Louis Met Jimmy at the Internet Movie Database
• When Louis Met Paul and Debbie at the Internet Movie Database
• When Louis Met the Hamiltons at the Internet Movie Database
• When Louis Met Ann Widdecombe at the Internet Movie Database
• When Louis Met Chris Eubank at the Internet Movie Database
• When Louis Met Keith Harris and Orville at the Internet Movie Database

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (January 2011)

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Its only attribution is to IMDb, which may not be a reliable source for biographical information. Please help by adding additional, reliable sources for verification. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2011)

Theodorus Wilhelmus (Theo) Maassen (born 8 December 1966 in Oegstgeest, Zuid-Holland) is a Dutch comedian and actor who grew up in Zijtaart in the Dutch province of Noord-Brabant. He currently lives in Eindhoven. In addition to his shows, he has also made a number of appearances in films.

Themes[link]

Maassen won two of the biggest comedy contests in the Netherlands in 1990, the Groninger Studenten Cabaret Festival(GSCF), and Cameretten. The GSCF jury was not pleased with the quality of the contestants that year, and gave Maassen the first prize, remarking he was the best of the year, but still not very good.

In the following years, however, Maassen fame grew steadily, especially amongst students. Maassens style was based on stand-up comedy: Alone on stage, telling jokes and stories to amuse the public, without any musical support (a thing common for most Dutch comedians up to that point).

Since 1995, Maassens shows are shown on Dutch national television, making him more and more a household name.

In 2006, Maassen received the 'Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds Theater Prijs 2006' (Prince Bernhard Culture Fund Theatre Prize 2006) for his 'daring combination of theatre and comedy'. The same year he also received the Prijs van de Kritiek (Prize of the critics), a yearly prize by Dutch theatre critics.

Theo Maassen is a self proclaimed fan of Bill Hicks.

Shows[link]

• 1994: Bepaalde dingen ("Certain Things")
• 1996: Neuk het systeem ("Fuck the System")
• 1998: Ruwe pit ("Rough seed")
• 2002: Functioneel naakt ("Functional Nudity")
• 2006: Tegen Beter Weten In ("Against Better Judgment")
• 2009: Zonder Pardon ("Without Pardon"), registered as feature film, released 2009
• 2011: Met alle respect ("With all respect")

Films[link]

Maassen played large and small roles in the following Dutch movies:

• 2001: AmnesiA as Wouter
• 2001: Adriaans plaag (short film) as trader Benedikt
• 2001: Undercover Kitty (Minoes) as Tibbe
• 2003: www.eenzaam.nl as Marcel
• 2003: Interview as Theo
• 2003: Kees de jongen as Vader Bakels
• 2003: De onterechte kampioen as himself (he also directed and produced this movie)
• 2004: Amazones as Achilles
• 2006: Black Book (directed by Paul Verhoeven)
• 2008: TBS as main character Johan
• 2008: Dunya en Desie in Marokko as Jeff
• 2009: Zonder Pardon ("Without Pardon"), registration of the show (see above)
• 2010: New Kids Turbo as a drunk in the bar
• 2012: Doodslag as Max
• 2012: Fresku 2.0 as himself

Television[link]

Maassen plays the role of 'Roel' in the television series 'Mevrouw de minister'. He also had a supporting role in the serie Dunya en Desie.

Trivia[link]

Maassen once stole the UEFA cup from the stadium of football club PSV Eindhoven. For several years it was unknown who had been responsible for the disappearance of the trophy. The true story was confessed by Maassen himself, live on a TV talkshow about football. That night the show had several guests that were in the possession of rare football artifacts. When the host asked Maassen about his artifact, he took the UEFA cup out of his bag and put it on the table, in front of the baffled host and guests. Later, he also showed on Studio Voetbal that he had stolen PSV's second prize of the UEFA Supercup.

He also has released a song titled Lauwe Pis (Lukewarm Piss) which peaked at #1 on the Dutch Top 40

On May 31, 2008 Maassen destroyed the camera worth €15.000 belonging to photographer Ilvy Njiokiktjien after asking her to join him on stage, because she made photographs, although Maassen had told the organization he did not want that, and assumed that she was informed about this. However, the organization had failed to do that. Maassen and the organization have promised to pay for the damage.

See also[link]

• Culture of the Netherlands

External links[link]

• Officiële webpagina
• Theo Maassen at the Internet Movie Database

References[link]

Frank de Boer

Personal information
Full name	Franciscus de Boer
Date of birth	(1970-05-15) 15 May 1970 (age 42)
Place of birth	Hoorn, Netherlands
Height	1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)[1]
Playing position	Defender
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
1988–1999	Ajax	328	(30)
1999–2003	Barcelona	144	(5)
2003	Galatasaray	15	(1)
2004	Glasgow Rangers	15	(2)
2004–2005	Al-Rayyan	16	(5)
2005–2006	Al-Shamal	1	(0)
	Total	519	(43)
National team‡
1988–2004	Netherlands	112	(13)
Teams managed
2008–2010	Ajax (youth)
2008–2010	Netherlands (assistant manager)
2010	Ajax (caretaker)
2011–	Ajax
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 6 May 2009. † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 10 December 2006

Franciscus "Frank" de Boer (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈfrɑn.sɪs.kʏs ˈfrɑŋk də ˈbur]) (born 15 May 1970 in Hoorn, Noord-Holland) is a Dutch former professional footballer, and the younger twin brother of Ronald de Boer. Since 6 December 2010 he is the Manager of AFC Ajax.

Club career[link]

De Boer began his career as a left back at Ajax before switching to centre back, a position he made his own for many years in the national team. He won both the UEFA Cup and Champions League while at Ajax. However, after signing a 6-year contract extension with Ajax for the 1998–99 season, he and his twin brother Ronald took successful legal action to have it voided. Ajax had agreed orally that if a lucrative offer for one brother came by, he would be released provided the other stayed. However Ajax apparently backed down on that agreement after floating the club on the stock market and pledging to shareholders that it would hold both of the de Boers and build around them a team to recapture the UEFA Champions League.^[2]

Both de Boers then joined FC Barcelona for 22 million pounds. However, they were unable to repeat his earlier triumphs and Frank suffered the ignominy of testing positive for the banned substance nandrolone. De Boer was suspended but he was reinstated after a successful appeal.^[3]

De Boer (right) with Lorenzo Ebecilio.

He briefly moved to Galatasaray in the summer of 2003 before joining Rangers in January 2004. He scored a header at 87th minutes against Aberdeen to save his team from losing in the away game. Later on, he scored his second but also his last goal in a 4:0 home win against Dundee United. He made a total of 17 appearances for Rangers, scoring two goals. He left Rangers in 2004 after Euro 2004 along with twin brother Ronald (his teammate at Ajax, Barcelona and Rangers) to play the rest of his football career in Qatar with Al-Rayyan.

De Boer announced his retirement from football in April 2006.

International career[link]

Having represented his national team 112 times,^[4] he was the most capped player in the history of the Netherlands national team, until Edwin van der Sar surpassed him. de Boer made his debut for the Netherlands in September 1990 against Italy.

De Boer also played for the Netherlands in the 1994 and 1998 World Cups, Euro 92, Euro 2000 and Euro 2004, but missed Euro 96 through injury. He is well-remembered for the arching 60-yard pass which allowed Dennis Bergkamp to score the last-minute goal that knocked out Argentina in the quarter-finals of the 1998 World Cup.^[5][6][7] During Euro 2000, hosted in his home country and Belgium, de Boer reached another semi-final with the Dutch team. de Boer missed an important penalty kick in the penalty shootout in the semi-finals, which led to defeat against Italy. He also missed a penalty during the match.^[8]

He ended his international career after an injury forced him to be replaced in a quarter-final game with Sweden at Euro 2004.^[9] The injury ruled him out from the semi-final match against Portugal, which the Netherlands lost 1–2.^[10][11]

Managing career[link]

De Boer with the Dutch national team following the 2010 World Cup.

Since 2007 de Boer has taken up a coaching role at his former club Ajax where he is in charge of the club's youth sector. During the 2010 World Cup, he was the assistant of the Netherlands national football team, with retired player Phillip Cocu.^[12]

On 6 December 2010, after the resignation of Martin Jol, de Boer was appointed caretaker manager of Ajax until the winter break. His first game in charge was a UEFA Champions League match against AC Milan at the San Siro, a game they won 2-0 through goals from Demy de Zeeuw and Toby Alderweireld.^[13]

He then went on to help Ajax become champions of the Eredivisie for the 2010/2011 season in a 3-1 home victory over FC Twente, the champions of the previous year, on the final matchday. Making the first year of his professional coaching career a golden one. "I couldn't have wished for a more beautiful birthday present," said Frank de Boer, as the club's 30th championship was won on his 41st birthday.^[14] In one and a half year at the helm of Ajax, Frank de Boer already won 2 championships, his 7th in total, when including the 5 he already won as a player. ^[15] According to reports, De Boer was offered the chance to interview for the Liverpool FC job but turned it down to remain with Ajax. "I am honoured by the request [from Liverpool] but I have only just started with Ajax," he said.^[16]

Managerial statistics[link]

As of 26 March 2012.

Team	Nat	From	To	Record
				G	W	L	D	Win %
Ajax		6 December 2010[13]	Present	&1000000000000007100000071	&1000000000000004600000046	&1000000000000001100000011	&1000000000000001400000014	&1000000000000006479000064.79

Honours[link]

Player[link]

Ajax

• Eredivisie: 5
  • 1989–90, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1997–98
• KNVB Cup: 2
  • 1992–93, 1997–98
• Johan Cruijff Shield: 3
  • 1993, 1994, 1995
• UEFA Champions League: 1
  • 1995
• UEFA Cup: 1
  • 1992
• UEFA Super Cup: 1
  • 1995
• Intercontinental Cup: 1
  • 1995

FC Barcelona

• La Liga: 1
  • 1998–99

Al Rayyan Sports Club

• Qatar Stars League 1st runner up : 1
  • 2004-05

Manager[link]

Ajax

• Eredivisie: 2
  • 2010–11, 2011–12

Career statistics[link]

^[17]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Frank de Boer

• Frank de Boer profile and stats at Wereld van Oranje (Dutch)
• Frank de Boer at National-Football-Teams.com