Huesca Uesca
—  Municipality  —
The city of Huesca as seen from the cathedral
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Gate of the Pyrenees
Huesca Location in Spain
Coordinates: 42°8′N 0°25′W / 42.133°N 0.417°W / 42.133; -0.417Coordinates: 42°8′N 0°25′W / 42.133°N 0.417°W / 42.133; -0.417
Country	Spain
Autonomous community	Aragon
Province	Huesca
Comarca	Hoya de Huesca
Judicial district	Huesca
Founded by	Iberians
Government
• Type	Mayor-council
• Body	Ayuntamiento de Huesca
• Mayor	Ana Alós López (2011) (PP)
Area
• Total	161.0 km2 (62.2 sq mi)
Elevation	488 m (1,601 ft)
Population (2010)
• Total	52,347
• Density	330/km2 (840/sq mi)
Demonym	Oscense
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	22001 - 22006
Dialing code	974
Patron Saints	Saint Lawrence Saint Vincent
Website	Official website

Huesca (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈweska]; Aragonese: Uesca) is a city in north-eastern Spain, within the autonomous community of Aragon. It is also the capital of the Spanish province of the same name and the comarca of Hoya de Huesca. In 2009 it had a population of 52,059, almost a quarter of the total population of the province. That makes it one of the least populated provincial capitals in Spain.

Huesca celebrates its main festivities Fiestas de San Lorenzo^[1] from 9 to 15 August.

History[link]

Huesca's pre-Roman Iberian name was Bolskan. It was the capital of the Ilergetes, in the north of Hispania Tarraconensis, on the road from Tarraco (modern Tarragona) and Ilerda (modern Lleida) to Caesaraugusta (modern Zaragoza)^[2] and fell under Caesaraugusta's jurisdiction. Pliny alone^[3] places the Oscenses in Vescitania, a district mentioned nowhere else^[4] The city's name was rendered as Osca, and was a Roman colony, Urbs Victrix Osca, during the Roman Empire. Under the impetus of Quintus Sertorius, the renegade Roman and Iberian hero who made Osca his base, the city minted its own coinage and was the site of a prestigious school founded by Sertorius to educate young Iberians in Latin and Romanitas in general. We learn from Plutarch^[5] that it was a large town, and the place where Sertorius died. It is probably the town called Ileoscan (Ἰλεόσκαν) by Strabo, in an apparently corrupt passage^[6] It seems to have possessed silver mines,^[7] unless the argentum Oscense here mentioned merely refers to the minted silver of the town.

18th century Spanish historian Enrique Flórez, however,^[8] has pointed out the impossibility of one place supplying such vast quantities of minted silver as we find recorded in ancient writers under the terms argentum Oscense, signatum Oscense; and is of the opinion that "Oscense" in these phrases means "Spanish", being a corruption of "Eus-cara".^[9]

The Bell of Huesca, by José Casado del Alisal.

The fully Romanised city, with its forum in the Cathedral square, was made a municipium by decree of Augustus in 30 BC. It was renamed Wasqah during the period of Arab domination, when the fortified city was a stronghold defending the frontier against the Christian counts and local kings of the Pyrenees. In 1094 Sancho Ramirez built the nearby Montearagón castle with the intention of laying siege to Wasqah; here he met his death by a stray arrow as he was reconnoitring the city's walls. It was conquered in 1096 by Peter I of Aragon.

In 1354, King Peter IV of Aragon chartered the University of Huesca, which initially had a faculty of theology. The school expanded, but by the end of the 16th century was eclipsed by the University of Zaragoza.^[10] The university was abolished in 1845.^[11]

During the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) the "Huesca Front" was the scene of some of the worst fighting between the Republicans and Franco's army. The city was besieged by the Republicans, George Orwell among them (see below) but never fell.

Modern Huesca[link]

El Coso street.

Huesca celebrates its most important annual festival in August: the festival (or fiesta) of San Lorenzo (Lawrence), a native of Huesca martyred in 268 AD. The anniversary of his martyrdom falls on August 10. The fiesta starts on 9 August and finishes on the 15. Many of the inhabitants dress in green and white for the duration of the fiesta.

San Lorenzo, born in Huesca, was a deacon in Rome and martyred by the Romans, burned on a grille (at least according to legend). Hence the grille is the symbol of San Lorenzo. It can be seen in a number of decorative works in the city.

Huesca is also the birthplace of film director Carlos Saura and his brother Antonio Saura, contemporary artist. There is an international film festival held annually.

The writer Oscar Sipan, winner of several literary prizes, was born in Huesca in 1974. The celebrated illustrator Isidro Ferrer, though born in Madrid, lives in the city.

Geography[link]

Huesca is located in the northern region of Aragón, in a depression known as Hoya de Huesca to 488 m (1,601.05 ft) above sea level, close to the city is located the Sierra de Guara, with a height of 2.077 m. The geographical coordinates of the city are: 42° 08´ N, 0° 24´ W.

Its municipal area is 161.02 km ² and borders the municipalities of Almudévar, Vicién, Monflorite-Lascasas Tierz, Quicena, Loporzano, Nueno, Igriés, Banastás, Chimillas, Alerre, Barbués and Albero Bajo.

The city lies 71 kilometres (44 mi) from Zaragoza, 160 kilometres (99 mi) from Pamplona, 118 kilometres (73 mi) from Lérida, 380 kilometres (236 mi) from Madrid and 273 kilometres (169 mi) from Barcelona.

Climate[link]

Huesca has a mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), with drier summers, and wetter springs and autumns, but with some characteristics of a continental climate, such as more extreme temperatures, as the town lies in a wide basin (the Ebro basin) entirely surrounded by mountains.

The average precipitation is a scanty 550 mm. There is drought in summer. The temperatures are high in summer reaching up to 35 °C (95 °F). In winter the temperatures are low (usually -5 to 8 °C). Frost is common and there is sporadic snowfall.

Main sights[link]

Cathedral of Huesca.

A double line of ancient walls can still be seen in present-day Huesca.

Nearby, in the territory of Quicena, are the ruins of the Monastery-Castle of Montearagón.

Churches of Huesca[link]

• Huesca Cathedral (Catedral de la Transfiguración del Señor) in Gothic style begun by king James I of Aragon around 1273 on the ruined foundations of the mosque. Work continued until the fifteenth century, creating one of the architectural landmarks of northern Spain. The doorway of 1300-1313 has carvings depicting the Apostles. The interior contains a triple nave and lateral chapels. It includes a magnificent high altar of alabaster carved to represent the Passion, made in 1520-1533 by Damián Forment. The cloister and the bell-tower are from the fifteenth century.
• Monastery of San Pedro el Viejo, erected between 1100 and 1241, is one of the oldest Romanesque structures in the Peninsula. It was rebuilt in the seventeenth century, but retains its cloister of 1140.
• Church of St. Lawrence (Iglesia de San Lorenzo), seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Ayuntamiento of Huesca.

• Iglesia de Santo Domingo, in Baroque style.
• Iglesia de la Compañía San Vicente (17th century)
• Ermita de Ntr. Sra. de Salas, Romanesque and Baroque
• Ermita de Loreto, San Lorenzo's cradle according to tradition.
• Ermita de San Jorge, in memory of the Battle of Alcoraz
• Ermita de las Mártires
• Ermita de Santa Lucía
• Ermita de Jara, in ruins
• San Miguel, Romanesque tower
• Santa María de Foris, in transition Romanesque style
• Santa Cruz, Seminary, on Romanesque foundations.
• There are several old monasteries in the immediate neighbourhood. The one in Castle of Montearagón contains in its crypt the tomb of king Alfonso I of Aragon.

• The institute for secondary education occupies the building formerly belonging to the old university. In one of its vaults is the famous "Bell of Huesca", said to have been constructed from the heads of insurgent nobles who were executed by King Ramiro II of Aragon.

Popular references[link]

The Casino (Oscense Circle).

Huesca is notable for the saying "Tomorrow we'll have coffee in Huesca", a running joke among militiamen of the Spanish Civil War. In February 1937, George Orwell was stationed near the falangist-held Huesca as a member of the POUM militia. In Homage to Catalonia, Orwell writes about this running joke, originally a naïvely optimistic comment made by one of the Spanish Republican generals:

Months earlier, when Siétamo was taken, the general commanding the Government troops had said gaily: "Tomorrow we'll have coffee in Huesca." It turned out that he was mistaken. There had been bloody attacks, but the town did not fall, and [the phrase] had become a standing joke throughout the army. If I ever go back to Spain I shall make a point of having a cup of coffee in Huesca.

Orwell never did, but the Indian writer Shashi Tharoor fulfilled his wish on his behalf in 1980, and has written about the experience.^[13] Huesca is also famous for the legend of the Bell of Huesca.

Twin towns - sister cities[link]

The following are Sister cities of Huesca:^[14]

• Tarbes, France (since 1964)

See also[link]

Holy week, Huesca.

Tapa El Lince fom Huesca.

• Diocese of Huesca
• SD Huesca

References[link]

Sources[link]

• Michael H. Crawford, 1985. Coinage and Money Under the Roman Republic in series Library of Numismatics (London: Methuen and Co. Ltd.), pages 84 - 102.
•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–57). "^{article name needed}". Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray. 

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Huesca

• Council of Huesca (Spanish)
• Huesca Film Festival
• Diario Del Alto Aragón (Spanish)
• Virtual Tour around Huesca
• Excursiones por Huesca (Spanish)
• Fiestas de San Lorenzo (Spanish)

v t e Municipalities in the province of Huesca Abiego Abizanda Adahuesca Agüero Aísa Aínsa-Sobrarbe Albalate de Cinca Albalatillo Albelda Albero Alto Albero Bajo Alberuela de Tubo Alcalá de Gurrea Alcalá del Obispo Alcampell Alcolea de Cinca Alerre Alfántega Almudévar Almunia de San Juan Almuniente Alquézar Altorricón Angüés Ansó Antillón Aragüés del Puerto Arén Argavieso Arguis Ayerbe Azanuy-Alins Azara Azlor Baélls Bailo Baldellou Ballobar Banastás Barbastro Barbués Barbuñales Bárcabo Belver de Cinca Benabarre Benasque Berbegal Bielsa Bierge Biescas Binaced Binéfar Bisaurri Biscarrués Blecua y Torres Boltaña Bonansa Borau Broto Caldearenas Campo Camporrélls Canal de Berdún Candasnos Canfranc Capdesaso Capella Casbas de Huesca Castejón de Monegros Castejón de Sos Castejón del Puente Castelflorite Castiello de Jaca Castigaleu Castillazuelo Castillonroy Chalamera Chimillas Chía Colungo El Grado El Pueyo de Araguás Esplús Estada Estadilla Estopiñán del Castillo Fago Fanlo Fiscal Fonz Foradada del Toscar Fraga Gistaín Grañén Graus Gurrea de Gállego Hoz de Jaca Hoz y Costean Huerto Huesca Ibieca Igriés Ilche Isábena Jaca Jasa La Fueva La Puebla de Castro La Sotonera Labuerda Laluenga Lalueza Lanaja Laperdiguera Las Peñas de Riglos Lascellas-Ponzano Lascuarre Laspaúles Laspuña Loarre Loporzano Loscorrales Lupiñén-Ortilla Monesma y Cajigar Monflorite-Lascasas Montanuy Monzón Naval Novales Nueno Olvena Ontiñena Osso de Cinca Palo Panticosa Peñalba Peralta de Alcofea Peralta de Calasanz Peraltilla Perarrúa Pertusa Piracés Plan Poleñino Pozán de Vero Puente de Montañana Puente la Reina de Jaca Puértolas Pueyo de Santa Cruz Quicena Robres Sabiñánigo Sahún Salas Altas Salas Bajas Salillas Sallent de Gállego San Esteban de Litera San Juan de Plan San Miguel del Cinca Sangarrén Santa Cilia Santa Cruz de la Serós Santa María de Dulcis Santaliestra y San Quílez Sariñena Secastilla Seira Sena Senés de Alcubierre Sesa Sesué Siétamo Sopeira Tamarite de Litera Tardienta Tella-Sin Tierz Tolva Torla Torralba de Aragón Torre la Ribera Torrente de Cinca Torres de Alcanadre Torres de Barbués Tramaced Valfarta Valle de Bardají Valle de Hecho Valle de Lierp Velilla de Cinca Vencillón Veracruz Viacamp y Litera Vicién Villanova Villanueva de Sigena Villanúa Yebra de Basa Yésero Zaidín

v t e Capitals of provinces of Spain A Coruña Albacete Alicante Almería Ávila Badajoz Barcelona Bilbao Burgos Cáceres Cádiz Castellón de la Plana Ciudad Real Córdoba Cuenca Donostia-San Sebastián Girona Granada Guadalajara Huelva Huesca Jaén Logroño Las Palmas León Lleida Lugo Madrid Málaga Murcia Ourense Oviedo Palencia Palma Pamplona Pontevedra Salamanca Santander Santa Cruz Segovia Seville Soria Tarragona Teruel Toledo Valencia Valladolid Vitoria-Gasteiz Zamora Zaragoza

See Carlos Alberto for other football players.

Carlos Alberto Torres

Personal information
Full name	Carlos Alberto Torres
Date of birth	(1944-07-17) July 17, 1944 (age 67)
Place of birth	Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Height	1.80 m (5 ft 11 in)
Playing position	Right back
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
1963–1966	Fluminense	98	(9)
1966–1974	Santos[1]	445	(40)
1974–1977	Fluminense	53	(4)
1977	Flamengo	?	(?)
1977–1980	New York Cosmos	80	(6)
1981	California Surf	19	(2)
1982	New York Cosmos	20	(0)
National team
1964–1977	Brazil	53	(8)
Teams managed
1983–1985	Flamengo
1985–1986	Corinthians
1987–1988	Náutico
1988	Miami Sharks
1989–1990	Once Caldas
1991–1992	Monterrey
1992	Club Tijuana
1993–1998	Botafogo
1999	Querétaro FC
2000–2001	Unión Magdalena
2002–2003	Botafogo
2005	Paysandu
2005	Azerbaijan
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only. † Appearances (Goals).

Carlos Alberto Torres (born July 17, 1944, Rio de Janeiro) is a former Brazilian footballer, one of the most highly regarded defenders of all time. He captained Brazil to victory in the 1970 World Cup and is a member of the World Team of the 20th Century, as well as the U.S. National Soccer Hall of Fame.

Carlos Alberto was named by Pelé as one of the top 125 greatest living footballers in March 2004.

Personal life[link]

Carlos Alberto was born in Rio de Janeiro. His son is fellow player Carlos Alexandre Torres.

Club career[link]

Carlos Alberto joined Fluminense at the age of 19. He made a name for himself in his first season, not only because of his great tackling and reading of the game, but also for his outstanding ball control, dribbling and playmaking abilities, which were quite rare at the time for a defender. In 1966, he moved to Santos, where he became Pelé's teammate. In 1974, he returned to Fluminense and helped the team capture two consecutive Campeonato Carioca championships. In 1977, he moved to Fluminense's arch-rivals Flamengo.

NASL[link]

In 1977, despite a great career in Brazil, Carlos Alberto Torres decided to move to the New York Cosmos. He arrived on the day of the New York City blackout where he was reunited with his friend and partner Pelé and helped the Cosmos capture two consecutive NASL titles in 1977 and 1978. After spending one year with the California Surf, he returned to the Cosmos in 1982 where he won his third NASL title. He played his farewell game on September 28, 1982 in an exhibition match between the Cosmos and his former club Flamengo. In 119 regular season games and 26 playoff games, Carlos scored a total of 8 goals and was an NASL All-Star five times.

National career[link]

Carlos Alberto Torres is considered a legend among football insiders for his massive contributions to Brazil as an attacking right-back. From 1964 to 1977, Torres was capped 53 times and scored 8 goals. He was included in the 44 man training squad for the 1966 FIFA World Cup but did not make the final 22, a decision which hugely disappointed him and surprised most commentators at that time. As it turned out, Brazil performed pitifully in England, and when Joao Saldanha was tasked with restoring pride and passion to the selecao, he recognised the natural flair for leadership that Carlos Alberto was consistently demonstrating at Santos, and made him national captain. Thus, Carlos Alberto will always be remembered holding aloft the Jules Rimet trophy after the greatest team of the modern era secured the cup for good after an impressive victory over Italy in the final of the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico. This legendary squad also included Clodoaldo, Gérson, Jairzinho, Roberto Rivelino, Tostão and Pelé. Carlos Alberto's goal against Italy^[2] in the 1970 FIFA World Cup Final is considered one of the greatest goals ever scored in the history of the tournament. Given the influence he had demonstrated throughout the 1970 tournament, it is tragic that it would prove to be the only time he would play at that level. He was unable to participate in the 1974 World Cup due to a persistant knee injury. When he eventually regained match fitness, his penchant for galloping down the flanks had been compromised. However, his ability to read the game compensated for his loss of pace and when he moved to centre back he found the form to warrant a recall to the national team. In 1977 he was selected by Claudio Coutinho to captain the national team for the first three qualifiers for the 1978 FIFA World Cup. He acquitted himself well despite these being the first competitive internationals Carlos Alberto had played for almost 7 years. He was approaching 33 years of age, he had nothing else to prove, and thus chose that moment to retire from the Brazil National Team, immediately prior joining New York Cosmos in the NASL. Today he is considered one of the finest Brazilian footballers of all time, with the likes of Pelé, Zico, Ronaldo, Garrincha, Romário and fellow defenders Roberto Carlos and Nilton Santos.

Coaching career[link]

His career as a football manager started in 1983, when he managed Flamengo. He also managed several other clubs, like Corinthians in 1985 and 1986; Náutico in 1986, 1987 and 1988; Once Caldas on 1989, 1990; Monterrey in 1991, 1992; Club Tijuana in 1992; Fluminense in 1994 and 1995; Botafogo in 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 2002 and 2003; Querétaro FC in 1999; Unión Magdalena in 2000, 2001; and Paysandu in 2005.

He was also an assistant manager for national teams such as the Nigeria national football team and the Oman national football team. On 14 February 2004 he was appointed manager of the Azerbaijan national football team. He resigned on 4 June 2005 after losing a match against Poland, during which he assaulted the technical referee and ran on the pitch suggesting the referee was bribed.

Career statistics[link]

^[3]

Playing Honours[link]

Fluminense[link]

• Campeonato Carioca: 1964, 1975, 1976
• Taça Guanabara: 1966, 1975

Santos[link]

• Recopa Sul-Americana: 1968
• Taça de Prata: 1968
• Paulista Championship: 1967, 1968, 1969, 1973

New York Cosmos[link]

• NASL Outdoor Championships: 1977, 1978, 1980, 1982
• Eastern Division, National Conference: 1978, 1979, 1980, 1982
• Trans-Atlantic Cup Championships: 1980

Brazil[link]

• FIFA World Cup: 1970

Individual[link]

• World Team of the 20th Century
• FIFA 100
• National Soccer Hall of Fame

Notes[link]

External links[link]

• Sambafoot
• Carlos Alberto Torres – FIFA competition record
• nasljerseys.com NASL statistics for Carlos Alberto Torres at nasljersey.com

v t e Brazil squad – 1963 Pan American Games (gold medal) Adevaldo Airton Arlindo Carlos Alberto Nenê Décio Bianco Dirceu Evaldo Heitor Hélio Dias Íris Jairzinho Cardoso Zé Carlos Luiz Henrique Menotti Othon Riva Santo Waldir Coach: Antoninho

v t e Brazil squad – 1970 FIFA World Cup Winners (3rd Title) 1 Félix 2 Brito 3 Piazza 4 Carlos Alberto 5 Clodoaldo 6 Marco Antônio 7 Jairzinho 8 Gérson 9 Tostão 10 Pelé 11 Rivelino 12 Ado 13 Roberto 14 Baldocchi 15 Fontana 16 Everaldo 17 Joel 18 Paulo Cézar Caju 19 Edu 20 Dario 21 Zé Maria 22 Leão Coach: Zagallo