La Jolla (
/ləˈhɔɪ.ə/ lə-HOY-ə) is an affluent,[2][3] hilly seaside resort community, occupying 7 miles (11 km) of curving coastline along the Pacific Ocean in Southern California within the northern city limits of San Diego. La Jolla had the highest home prices in the nation in 2008 and 2009; the average price of a standardized four-bedroom home in La Jolla was reported as US $1.842 million in 2008 and US $2.125 million in 2009. The 2004 estimated population of the 92037 ZIP code was 42,808 [1] while the La Jolla community planning area had an estimated population of 31,746 in 2010.[1] La Jolla is surrounded on three sides by ocean bluffs and beaches[4] and is located 12 miles (19 km) north of Downtown San Diego, and 40 miles (64 km) south of Orange County California,[5][6] The climate is mild, with an average daily temperature of 70.5 °F (21.4 °C)[7][8][9] La Jolla is home to a variety of businesses in the areas of lodging, dining, shopping, software, finance, real estate, bio-engineering, medical practice and scientific research.[4][10][11]
The University of California, San Diego (UCSD) is located in La Jolla, as are the Salk Institute, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, and the headquarters of National University (though its academic campuses are elsewhere).
The community's border starts at Pacific Beach to the south and extends along the Pacific Ocean shoreline north to include Torrey Pines State Reserve ending at Del Mar, California. La Jolla encompasses neighborhoods[12] including Bird Rock, Windansea Beach, the commercial center known as the Village of La Jolla, La Jolla Shores, La Jolla Farms, Muirlands, Torrey Pines, and Mount Soledad to name a few.
The City of San Diego defines the community's eastern boundary as Gilman Drive, former Highway US 101, with the exception of some of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD)[13] and the northern boundary as La Jolla Village Drive.[14]
The U.S. Postal Service defines a somewhat larger area as it assigned the community the 92037 ZIP code recognizing it as a historically and geographically distinct area. This unique ZIP code allows addresses to read La Jolla, CA and is the only community within the City of San Diego so recognized. Additionally, it is in the 919xx/920xx sequence used for suburban and rural zip codes in San Diego County, rather than the 921xx sequence used for the remainder of the City of San Diego itself. These conditions sometimes lead to the erroneous conclusion that La Jolla is a separate city or that its schools are part of a nonexistent "La Jolla School District". The 92037 zip code extends the northeasterly boundary to Genesee Avenue and the northerly boundary to Del Mar, California. The UCSD campus, although it is part of La Jolla, has ZIP codes 92092 and 92093.
La Jolla is an area of mixed geology, including sandy beaches and rocky shorelines. The area is occasionally susceptible to flooding and ocean storms, as occurred in January and December 2010.[15]
Mount Soledad is covered with the narrow roads that follow its contours and hundreds of homes overlooking the ocean on its slopes. It is the home of the large concrete Mount Soledad Easter Cross built in 1954, later designated a Korean War Memorial, that became the center of a controversy over the display of religious symbols on government property.
The most compelling geographical highlight of La Jolla is its ocean front, with alternating rugged and sandy coast line and wild seal congregations. Popular sandy beaches, dotting the coastline from the south to the north, are:
According to U.S. Census Bureau figures, the ethnic/racial makeup of La Jolla is 82.5% White, 0.8% Black, 0.2% American Indian, 11.2% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.0% some other race, and 3.1% two or more races. Latinos, who may be of any race, form 7.2% of La Jolla's population.
La Jolla had the highest home prices in the nation in 2008[16] and 2009,[17] according to a survey by Coldwell Banker. The survey compares the cost of a standardized four-bedroom home in communities across the country. The average price for such a home in La Jolla was reported as US$ 1.842 million in 2008 and US$ 2.125 million in 2009.
Local Native Americans, the Kumeyaay, called this location mat kulaaxuuy [mat kəlaːxuːj], 'land of holes' (mat = 'land').[18] What sort of topographic feature the description "holes" refers to is uncertain, but it may be the sea-level caves on the north facing bluffs which are visible from La Jolla Shores. This was apparently corrupted by the Spanish occupiers to "La Jolla". An alternate suggested origin is that the name is a corruption of the Spanish La Joya, meaning "the jewel". Although disputed by scholars, this origin of the name has been widely cited in popular culture.[19][20] That supposed origin gave rise to the nickname "Jewel City", which was once commonly used but now exists mainly in commercial references.[21][22][23][24]
Some significant events in La Jolla's history:[25][26]
- 1850 – the area of La Jolla was incorporated as part of the City of San Diego (this coincides with the admission of California to the United States and the chartering of San Diego as a city under California law.)
- 1880s – the area was surveyed and subdivided by Frank Botsford, "the father of La Jolla"
- 1890s – a local railroad arrived in La Jolla
- 1893 – the La Jolla Park Hotel opened
- 1909 – The Bishop's School was founded
- 1911 – electricity came to La Jolla with 4 customers
- 1912 – the first motion picture in town was shown
- 1913 – the first La Jolla Light newspaper was printed; the Orient Theater opened at Girard and Wall streets
- 1922 – La Jolla High School was founded
- 1926 – La Valencia Hotel opened; La Jolla Country Day School started
- 1944 – the first stop sign was installed at Girard Avenue and Torrey Pines Road
- 1960 – the University of California, San Diego was established
From its beginnings through the early 1960s, La Jolla was marketed by developers as a bastion of isolation and exclusivity. Antisemitic housing practices began in 1926 with the development of La Jolla Shores.[27] In La Jolla Shores and La Jolla Hermosa, only people with pure European ancestry could own property (this excluded Jews, who were not considered "white"), and housing advertisements included prohibitions against Jews and other minority groups. Such "restrictive covenants" were once fairly common throughout the United States, although the 1948 Supreme Court case Shelley v. Kraemer ruled them to be unenforceable, and Congress outlawed them twenty years later.[28] After the Supreme Court ruling, real estate companies used less obvious tactics to keep Jewish people out of La Jolla. Real estate agents would be fired if they sold a house to Jewish clients. There were no for-sale signs put up on properties, requiring the prospective buyer to go to a real estate office to find out what was available. If an agent suspected that a potential home buyer was a Jew, they would demand higher down payments and display green cards on their dashboards marked with the Star of David to warn the seller. The sellers would also send codes to their real estate agents; if their porch lights were on during the day, they did not want Jewish buyers.[29]
In 2003 a writer for the San Diego Jewish Journal reported, "When world-renowned British mathematician/philosopher Jacob Bronowski was brought to the Salk Institute by Jonas Salk in 1963, he wanted to buy a piece of land on La Jolla Farms Road for the purpose of building a house for his family. But the land was part of William Black's Beach and Bridle Club, and the Bronowskis were required to produce three written character references." The family produced letters from members of Parliament.[29]
By 1962, La Jolla, and the non-restrictive La Jolla Scenic Heights in particular, had a substantial Jewish population due to talk of establishing UCSD in the area. The university would bring many Jewish professors, who would need to live in nearby areas such as La Jolla. In the words of UCSD patriarch Roger Revelle, "You can't have a university without having Jewish professors. The Real Estate Broker's Association and their supporters in La Jolla had to make up their minds whether they wanted a university or an anti-Semitic covenant. You couldn't have both."[30] La Jolla now boasts a large and thriving Jewish population,[31] and there are three large synagogues in La Jolla.
Village of La Jolla Skyline
- La Jolla Farms - These homes on top of the cliffs above Black's Beach and adjacent to the western boundary of the UCSD campus. The most expensive home ever sold in San Diego county is on La Jolla Farms.
- La Jolla Shores - the residential area and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography campus along La Jolla Shores beach and east up the hillside. Also includes a small business district of shops and restaurants along Avenida de la Playa.
- La Jolla Heights - the homes on the hills overlooking La Jolla Shores. No businesses.
- Hidden Valley - lower portion of Mount Soledad on the northern slopes. No businesses.
- Country Club - lower Mount Soledad on the north-west side, including the La Jolla Country Club golf course.
- Village - a.k.a. Village of La Jolla (not to be confused with La Jolla Village) the "downtown" business district area, including most of La Jolla's shops and restaurants, and the immediately surrounding higher density and single family residential areas.
- Beach-Barber Tract - the coastal section from Windansea Beach to the Village. A few shops and restaurants along La Jolla Boulevard.
- Lower Hermosa - coastal strip south of Beach-Barber Tract. No businesses.
- Bird Rock - southern/coastal La Jolla, and the very lowest slopes of Mt Soledad in the area. Notable for shops and restaurants along La Jolla Boulevard, five traffic roundabouts on La Jolla Boulevard, coastal bluffs, and surfing areas just two blocks off the main drag.
- Muirlands - relatively large area on western middle slope of Mt. Soledad. No businesses.
- La Jolla Mesa - A strip on the lower southern side of Mt. Soledad, bordering Pacific Beach.
- La Jolla Alta - A master planned development east of La Jolla Mesa.
- Soledad South - Southeastern slopes of Mount Soledad, all the way up to the top, east of La Jolla Alta.
- Muirlands West - The neighborhood between Muirlands to the south, and Country Club - to the north.
- Upper Hermosa - North of Bird Rock, east of La Jolla Blvd.
- La Jolla Village - (not to be confused with the Village of La Jolla) - north-east of La Jolla, east of La Jolla Heights, west of I-5, and south of UCSD. This neighborhood's namesake, The La Jolla Village Square shopping and residential mall, including two movie theatres, is located here. It should be noted that The Village (of La Jolla) and La Jolla Village are not at all the same.(This is the boundary for the Public School Systems.
The La Jolla Community Planning Association [32] advises the City Council, Planning Commission, City Planning Department as well as other Governmental agency as appropriate in the initial preparation, adoption of, implementation of, or amendment to the General or Community Plan as it pertains to the La Jolla area as well as review specific development proposals.[33] The nonprofit La Jolla Town Council[34] represents the interests of La Jolla businesses and residents that belong to the Council. The Bird Rock Community Council[35] serves the Bird Rock neighborhood, while the La Jolla Shores Association[36] serves the La Jolla Shores neighborhood.
Community organizations include Independent La Jolla,[37] a membership-based citizens group seeking to secede from the city of San Diego. Service clubs in La Jolla include Kiwanis, Rotary, La Jolla Woman's Club[38] and the Social Service League of La Jolla[39] to name a few.
The University of California, San Diego is the center of higher education in La Jolla. The campus' original name was UC La Jolla before it was changed to UC San Diego. UCSD includes the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the San Diego Supercomputer Center.
National University is also headquartered in La Jolla, with several academic campuses located throughout the county and the state. Among the several research institutes near UCSD and in the nearby Torrey Pines Science Park are The Scripps Research Institute, the Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute (formerly called the La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation), La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI) and the Salk Institute.
La Jolla is served by the San Diego Unified School District. Public schools include La Jolla High School, La Jolla Elementary (which was the first public school, built in 1896 with the first classes in the Heald Store at the corner of Herschel Avenue and Wall Street, later moving to its present location on Girard Avenue), Torrey Pines Elementary, and Bird Rock Elementary, as well as The Preuss School UCSD, a public charter school. The community's prep schools are The Bishop's School, which was the first private school opened in 1909, The Children's School, Integral Elementary School of La Jolla, Delphi Academy, Stella Maris Academy, All Hallows Academy, The Gillispie School, and the Evans School. La Jolla Country Day School is located in the nearby community of University City.
- All Hallows Catholic Church[40]
- Assembly of God[40]
- Christian Science Church[40]
- Congregational Church (the first church built, which burned down in 1915 and was re-built in 1916 on 1216 Cave Street)[40]
- Barabbas Road Church[41]
- First Baptist Church
- La Jolla Christian Fellowship
- La Jolla Lutheran Church[40]
- La Jolla Presbyterian Church[40]
- La Jolla Religious Society of Friends[40]
- La Jolla United Methodist Church[40]
- Mary, Star of the Sea Catholic church[40]
- Prince Chapel By The Sea AME Church[40]
- St. James By-The-Sea Episcopal[40]
- St. John Church of God in Christ[40]
- Torrey Pines Christian Church[40]
- University Lutheran Church[40]
- Congregation Beth El[40]
- Congregation Adat Yeshurun[40]
- Chabad Jewish Center of La Jolla
La Jolla is the location of Torrey Pines Golf Course, site each January or February of a PGA Tour event formerly known as the Buick Invitational and now (since 2010) called the Farmers Insurance Open.[42] In 2008, Torrey Pines also hosted the 2008 U.S. Open. Nearby are the de facto nude beach, Black's Beach, and the Torrey Pines Gliderport.[43]
Downtown La Jolla is noted for jewelry stores, boutiques, upmarket restaurants and hotels. Prospect Street and Girard Avenue are also shopping and dining districts.[citation needed]
Museum of Contemporary Art - La Jolla
The Museum of Contemporary Art, founded in 1941, is located just above the waterfront in what was originally the 1915 residence of philanthropist Ellen Browning Scripps. The museum has a permanent collection with more than 3,500 post-1950 American and European works, including paintings, works on paper, sculptures, photographic art, design objects and video works.[40] The museum was renamed Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego in 1990 to recognize its regional significance.
Beaches and ocean access include Windansea Beach, La Jolla Shores, La Jolla Cove and Children's Pool Beach. For many years, La Jolla has been the host of a rough water swim at La Jolla Cove.[44]
La Jolla has been the home to many notable people, including prominent scientists, business people, artists, writers and performers.
La Jolla was home to the comic book publisher Wildstorm Productions, from its founding by Jim Lee in 1993, until its closing in 2010 when DC Comics, which had purchased the publisher as an imprint in 1998, ceased its operations.[45][46][47][48]
La Jolla is the setting for the 2011 season of The Real World: San Diego, the twenty-sixth season of the long-running MTV reality television series.[49][50]
La Jolla is the base for the Sundt Memorial Foundation, a national organisation aimed at discouraging youth from getting involved in drugs.
- ^ a b c "Population and Housing Estimates, Zip Code 92037". 2004 Estimates. Archived from the original on 2006-07-18. http://web.archive.org/web/20060718182113/http://cart.sandag.org/profiles/est/zip92037est.pdf. Retrieved 2006-10-15.
- ^ KOLO-TV, October 3, 2007
- ^ Los Angeles Times, March 15, 1988
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- ^ "Weather.com". Weather.com. 2009-06-17. http://www.weather.com. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
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- ^ "La Jolla, CA Official Website". Lajollabythesea.com. http://www.lajollabythesea.com/members/index.php?cid=4. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "map of La Jolla neighborhoods". Ruthmillsteam.com. http://www.ruthmillsteam.com/lajollamap.html. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "San Diego City Department". Sandiego.gov. http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/profiles/lajolla/index.shtml. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "Northern Neighborhood | Neighborhood Maps". Sandiego.gov. http://www.sandiego.gov/neighborhoodmaps/northern.shtml. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ Schwab, Dave (2010-01-20). "Flooding closes gym on La Jolla's Pearl Street". La Jolla Light. http://www.lajollalight.com/news/265079-flooding-closes-gym-on-la-jollas-pearl-street. Retrieved 2010-06-30. [dead link]
- ^ Business Week, September 9, 2008
- ^ San Diego Union Tribune, September 24, 2009
- ^ Langdon 1970
- ^ "La Jolla: A Brief History". La Jolla Historical Society. http://www.lajollahistory.org/la-jolla/history/. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
- ^ "History of La Jolla". La Jolla Playhouse. http://www.lajollaplayhouse.org/plan-your-visit/about-la-jolla/history-of-la-jolla. Retrieved May 3, 2011.
- ^ Adrian Lee Jewel City. "Adrian Green Jewel City jewelry store". Manta.com. http://www.manta.com/coms2/dnbcompany_680spj. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ wcet annual conference announcement, September 9, 2010
- ^ moving company advertisement, March 14, 2011
- ^ iloveinns.com
- ^ Inside La Jolla. La Jolla Historical Society.
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- ^ "Opinion by Judge McKeown, No. 08-56415: Steve Trunk and Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America, Inc.; Richard A. Smith; Mina Sagheb; Judith M. Copeland v. City of San Diego and Robert M. Gates". United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. January 4, 2011. pp. 217–218. http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2011/01/04/08-56415.pdf. Retrieved February 1, 2011.
- ^ Calif. bill aims to strike racist housing language, USA Today, March 14, 2009
- ^ a b Garson, Sue (2003). "The End of Covenant". The San Diego Jewish Journal. Archived from the original on 2010-07-01. http://www.webcitation.org/5quHDqeST. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ Carless, Will (2005-04-07). "A specter from our past: Longtime residents will always remember the stain left on the Jewel by an era of housing discrimination". LaJollaLight.com. Archived from the original on 2010-07-01. http://www.webcitation.org/5quGq3ONG. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ Stratthaus, Mary Ellen (1996). "Flaw in the Jewel: Housing Discrimination Against Jews in La Jolla, California". American Jewish Historical Society. Archived from the original on 2010-07-01. http://www.webcitation.org/5quH6gLRG. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "La Jolla Community Planning Association". Lajollacpa.org. http://www.lajollacpa.org/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "La Jolla Community Profile". Sandiego.gov. http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/profiles/lajolla/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "La Jolla Town Council". La Jolla Town Council. http://www.lajollatowncouncil.org/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "Bird Rock Community Council". Birdrock.org. http://www.birdrock.org/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "La Jolla Shores Association". Lajollaguide.com. http://lajollaguide.com/ljsa/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "Independent La Jolla". Independent La Jolla. http://www.independentlajolla.org/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ Triqqer Code House. "La Jolla Women's Club". Lajollawomansclub.com. http://www.lajollawomansclub.com/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "Social Service League of La Jolla". Darlingtonhouse.com. http://www.darlingtonhouse.com/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Schaelchlin, Patricia,La Jolla: The Story of a Community 1897-1987, Friends of the La Jolla Library, San Diego, 1988
- ^ http://www.whoisbarabbas.com/
- ^ "Farmers Insurance Open website". Farmersinsuranceopen.com. http://www.farmersinsuranceopen.com/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ "Torrey Pines Gliderport website". Flytorrey.com. 2010-03-10. http://flytorrey.com/cms/. Retrieved 2010-06-30.
- ^ La Jolla Rough Water Swim
- ^ Wells, Aaron. "Wild, wild comic art", La Jolla Light, July 25, 2008
- ^ Iyoho, Charles. "Are Superheroes Fleeing La Jolla?", La Jolla Patch, October 18, 2010
- ^ Phegley, Kiel. "WildStorm & Zuda Imprints Close Amidst DC Changes", Comic Book Resources, September 21, 2010
- ^ "A day of change: bye bye, WildStorm; so long, Zuda", The Beat, September 21, 2010
- ^ Dehnart, Andy (June 7, 2011). "Real World returning to San Diego for its 26th season". RealityBlured.com. http://www.realityblurred.com/realitytv/archives/the_real_world_26/2011_Jun_07_san_diego. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ "MTV’s 'REAL WORLD' will screen from La Jolla, California according to San Diego Movers", Titan Movers, May 27, 2011
- Langdon, Margaret (1970). A grammar of Diegueno: the Mesa Grande dialect. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Schaelchlin, Patricia (1988). La Jolla: The Story of a Community 1897-1987. La Jolla: Friends of the La Jolla Library.
Coordinates: 32°50′24″N 117°16′37″W / 32.84°N 117.27694°W / 32.84; -117.27694
