Arbitron Inc.

File:Arbitron logo.png
Type	Public
Traded as	NYSE: ARB
Industry	Media market (research)
Founded	Washington, D.C. (1949)
Headquarters	Columbia, Maryland
Area served	United States
Key people	Bill Kerr CEO
Products	ratings data
Revenue	US$395M (FY 2010)[1]
Operating income	US$65.7M (FY 2010)[1]
Net income	US$44.4M (FY 2010)[1]
Total assets	US$229M (FY 2010)[2]
Total equity	US$77.6M (FY 2010)[2]
Employees	1,300
Website	www.arbitron.com

Arbitron is a consumer research company in the United States that collects listener data on radio audiences. It was founded as American Research Bureau (ARB) by Jim Seiler in 1949 and became national by merging with L.A. based Coffin, Cooper and Clay in the early 1950s. The company's initial business was the collection of broadcast television ratings.

The company changed its name to Arbitron in the mid 1960s, the namesake of the Arbitron System - a centralized statistical computer with leased lines to viewers' homes to monitor their activity. Deployed in New York, it gave instant ratings data on what people were watching. A reporting board would light up to indicate what home was listening to what broadcast.

Methods[link]

Survey[link]

Arbitron's syndicated radio ratings service collects data by selecting a random sample of a population throughout the U.S., primarily in 294 metropolitan areas, using a paper diary service two to four times a year and Portable People Meter (PPM) electronic audience measurement service 365 days a year.

The term commonly used in the radio industry for these ratings is Arbitron book, a carryover from the era when ratings were published in a soft-cover report that was mailed to clients. More specifically, in the diary-measured markets these reports were called the Spring book, Summer book, Fall book, and Winter book. Between these "books," Arbitron releases interim monthly reports called Arbitrends, which contain data from the previous three months known as "rolling average" reports. The two interim reports would be known, for example, as "Spring, Phase I" and "Spring Phase II.

Arbitron recruits diary survey respondents to note their listening habits in a seven-day paper diary and mail it back to Arbitron. The respondents are paid a small cash incentive for their participation. Turnaround time for release of data from the end of the survey period is approximately three weeks.

After collection, the data is marketed to radio broadcasters, radio networks, cable companies, advertisers, advertising agencies, out-of-home advertising companies and the online radio industry.^[3] Major ratings products include cume (the cumulative number of unique listeners over a period), average quarter hour (AQH Share - the average number of people listening in a given 15-minute period), time spent listening, (TSL), and market breakdowns by age, gender and race/ethnic demographic. It is important to understand that the "cume" only counts a listener once, whereas the AQH is a product of "cume" and time spent listening. For example, if you looked into a room and saw Fred and Jane, then 15 minutes later saw Fred with Sara. The "cume" would be 3 (Fred, Jane, Sara) and the AQH would be 2 (an average of two people in the room in a given 15 minute period).

Portable People Meter[link]

Responding to requests from its customers — radio broadcasters, ad agencies and advertisers — that expressed their interest in the collection of more accurate ratings data, Arbitron introduced the Portable People Meter (PPM) service in 2007.

The PPM is a wearable portable device much like a pager or cell phone, that electronically gathers inaudible codes that identify the source of a broadcast, such as a radio station. Arbitron recruits and compensates a cross section of consumers to wear the meter for an average of one year and up to two years. The audience estimates generated from each monthly survey is used as the buy/sell currency for radio stations and advertisers/agencies.

As of December 2009, the PPM is currently measured in thirty-three markets including: Houston, Philadelphia, New York, Atlanta, Detroit, Long Island, Middlesex-Somerset-Union, Chicago, Los Angeles, Riverside-San Bernardino, San Francisco, Jacksonville, Baltimore, and San Jose. By 2010, 48 markets are being measured using the PPM. ^[4]

See also[link]

• Nielsen ratings (for television programs)
• Time spent listening, one of the metrics measured
• List of most-listened-to radio programs
• List of United States radio markets
• Radio & Records, periodical which published Arbitron data for commercial stations
• Radio Research Consortium, non-profit corporation which publishes Arbitron data for non-commercial stations
• The Media Audit

References[link]

External links[link]

• Arbitron Official website
• Ratings - Persons 12+ from Arbitron for commercial stations
• Ratings - Persons 12+ from FMQB for commercial stations
• Ratings - Persons 12+ from Radio and Records for commercial stations
• List of U.S. Radio Markets (ranked by size)
• Nationwide Radio Reference Guide
• DFWRadioArchives - contains historical Arbitron ratings data for Dallas/Fort Worth, TX
• Audio interview of Ernest H. Clay, ARB's Research and Production Director on WGN's discussion show Your Right To Say It

The Sports Network, commonly abbreviated as TSN, is a Canadian English language Category C specialty channel and is Canada's leading English language sports TV channel. TSN premiered in 1984, in the first group of Canadian specialty cable channels.^[1] TSN is owned by CTV Specialty Television, a joint venture of Bell Media (80%) and ESPN (20%).

Bell Media also operates additional TSN-branded properties, including TSN2, TSN Radio 1050, TSN Radio 990, TSN Radio 1290 and two part-time regional feeds, Canadiens on TSN and Jets on TSN.

History[link]

Licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) on April 2, 1984 as Action Canada Sports Network,^[2] the channel was launched by the Labatt Brewing Company on September 1st of the same year as "The Sports Network", or "TSN". TSN was formed partly to promote Labatt's flagship products, but also to act as a vehicle for the Toronto Blue Jays baseball team (which was also owned by Labatt at the time). In 1989, TSN also launched a sister French language service, Réseau des sports (RDS).

Due to CRTC regulations on the foreign ownership of broadcasters, Labatt was forced to sell TSN and RDS upon its acquisition by Interbrew in 1995. Labatt's broadcasting assets were sold to a privately held consortium named NetStar Communications, the investors of which included a number of Canadian firms as well as ESPN, which held about 30%.

Acquisition by CTV, expansion[link]

In 2000, after ESPN blocked two attempts by the Canadian partners to sell NetStar to Canwest, CTV Inc. acquired the Canadian partners' shares thanks in part to ESPN's disapproval of Canwest. CTV Inc. was acquired by Bell Canada and The Woodbridge Company (owners of The Globe and Mail newspaper) as part of the joint venture Bell Globemedia in 2001. As a result of its purchase of TSN, CTV would be forced to sell its regional sports network CTV Sportsnet, eventually selling it to part-owner Rogers Media. Incidentally, while TSN would move its operations to CTV's Agincourt complex after the acquisition, Rogers Sportsnet would not immediately move from Agincourt, effectively having the two competing networks sharing the same headquarters. This oddity would become an inside joke between personalities on both networks, would be referenced on-air by personalities on both networks, with many referring to moving between TSN and Sportsnet as "crossing the parking lot." Rogers Sportsnet would move from Agincourt to a new studio at the Rogers Building in Downtown Toronto in 2008.^[3]

Plans were made to re-launch TSN as ESPN Canada in 2001. However, due to the name recognition and value of the brand, the TSN name was maintained. However, TSN would begin incorporating elements of ESPN's branding into their own throughout the year, including a new logo using a similar design to ESPN's, and the renaming of its sports news program SportsDesk to SportsCentre (a variation of ESPN's SportsCenter, rendered using Canadian English).

In 2001, TSN would also launch a number of sister digital specialty channels; including a local version of ESPN Classic, and the NHL Network — a network devoted to ice hockey and the National Hockey League. TSN only holds minority interest in NHL Network however, it is also owned in part by Insight Sports and a consortium of the NHL and several of its Canadian franchises.

Beginning in 2006, the CRTC officially allowed TSN to operate national secondary digital feeds with limited amounts of alternative programming.^[4] Following this development, TSN began to use such a feed to broadcast additional programming that could not be aired on TSN due to scheduling conflicts or other events. On August 29, 2008, the feed evolved into a new 24-hour channel, similar to ESPN2, known as TSN2.^[5]

In October 2010, TSN announced the launch of a part-time feed to carry regional broadcasts of Montreal Canadiens games, in the eastern Canadian territory shared by Montreal and the Ottawa Senators.^[6] This feed (referred to on the Canadiens' website as "TSN Habs"^[7])

Acquisition by Bell, TSN Radio[link]

On September 10, 2010, Bell Canada announced plans to re-acquire 100% of CTVglobemedia's broadcasting arm, including its majority control of TSN. Under the deal, Woodbridge Company Limited, Torstar, and Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan will together receive $1.3 billion in either cash or equity in BCE, while BCE will also assume $1.7 billion in debt (BCE's existing equity interest is $200 million, for a total transaction value of $3.2 billion). Woodbridge has since simultaneously regained majority control of The Globe and Mail, with Bell retaining a 15% interest in December 2010. The deal closed on April 1, 2011, after the CRTC approved the sale on March 7, 2011.^[8]

After a longstanding speculation about TSN's interest in launching its own TSN-branded radio network, TSN entered radio broadcasting with the launch of the first TSN Radio station, a re-launch of AM station CHUM in Toronto on April 13, 2011.^[9] Bell Media's Bell Media Radio division already operates several sports radio stations elsewhere in Canada most of which currently branded under The Team moniker (which was introduced by previous owner CHUM Limited in its own failed attempt at establishing a national sports radio network), and it is expected that (if the launch of TSN Radio 1050 was a success) they will eventually adopt the TSN Radio branding as well, forming a sports radio network.^[10]

Also in 2011, TSN acquired broadcast rights to the returning Winnipeg Jets, through another regional TSN feed for the Jets' home market, and radio coverage on Bell-owned CFRW^[11] (which, along with Montreal station CKGM, also migrated to the TSN Radio brand on October 5, 2011)^[12] Additionally, Bell would also launch TSN Mobile TV, streaming versions of TSN and TSN2 offered through Bell Mobility's Mobile TV services.

On December 9, 2011, the Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan announced that it would sell its majority stake in Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment to two major telecommunications companies; Bell Canada (TSN's main parent company) and Rogers Communications (owners of the competing Sportsnet chain of sports channels) with a 37.5% share each (Larry Tanenbaum will increase his ownership to a quarter of the company as well), in a deal expected to be valued at around $1.32 billion in total.^[13] The deal is expected to be completed in summer 2012, pending the approval of Canada's Competition Bureau, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (with regards to MLSE's TV channels), as well as the leagues for each of MLSE's main sports franchises. The deal is expected to have a major impact on future broadcast rights for MLSE's teams, including the Toronto Maple Leafs and Toronto Raptors, as their ownership of the teams will offer enhanced coverage for the team through new platforms such as mobile television.^[14]

Following the announcement however, concerns were again raised by critics, speculating that Bell Media may attempt to acquire full rights to the NHL once CBC's current contract with the league expires in the 2013-14 season — using their potential ownership of the Toronto Maple Leafs, the NHL's highest valued franchise, as a impetus for such a coup. Concerns were also raised that such an arrangement could prevent wireless service providers other than Bell and Rogers from accessing its content. However, the CRTC ruled in favor of Telus in a decision requiring Bell and other media companies to allow other competing wireless providers access to its content, and not exclusively tie it to their own service.^[14]

Programming[link]

TSN's flagship news program is SportsCentre, a sports news program airing several times throughout the day. Formally known as Sportsdesk, it was re-vamped to closer resemble ESPN's own SportsCenter (including the use of its theme music, logo, and opening) in the Fall of 2001 as part of a corporate restructuring, closer aligning itself with new minority owner ESPN. In 2006, a new studio was built in order to prepare the show for its transition to high definition television — becoming the first daily news program in Canada to be produced in HD beginning on September 25, 2006. Other original programs on TSN include the talk show Off The Record, the automotive newsmagazine Motoring, and TSN The Reporters.

Through its minority ownership of TSN, the network also airs some of ESPN's original programming as well, including Pardon the Interruption, Sunday NFL Countdown The Sports Reporters, and other ESPN programs and documentaries.

Significant domestic broadcast rights[link]

As of the 2008 season, TSN is the exclusive broadcaster of the Canadian Football League, airing all of the league's games, including the season-ending Grey Cup.^[15] The network also airs the Vanier Cup, the country's championship university football game.^[16]

In February 2011, TSN announced that it had began a new broadcasting relationship with Major League Soccer, airing 24 matches during the 2011 season that involved the league's Canadian clubs, Toronto FC and Vancouver Whitecaps FC. 30 games will be shown by TSN in 2012 due to the addition of the Montreal Impact to the MLS. In addition the network, along with TSN2 will broadcast a package of other regular season games, the MLS All-Star Game, MLS Cup Playoffs and the MLS Cup.^[17]

On October 27, 2011, Bell Media and TSN announced that they had secured broadcast rights for FIFA soccer from 2015 to 2022. The rights include the 2018 FIFA World Cup, 2022 FIFA World Cup and 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup.^[18]

TSN has hosted much of Canada's supplementary Olympic coverage, being the first pay-TV station in the world to ever broadcast the Olympics with the 1988 Olympic Winter Games in Calgary, and having been part of the CBC's coverage from 1998 to 2008. In 2010, TSN began to participate in CTV and Rogers' current broadcasting rights to the Olympic Games for 2010 and 2012.

TSN has also broadcast major curling events; it began its current television contract with the Canadian Curling Association beginning in the 2008-09 season,^[19] and also runs the Casino Rama TSN Skins Game, an annual skins curling tournament. For major national and international events, including the Tim Hortons Brier, the Scotties Tournament of Hearts and the Ford World Championships, it has historically had a curling broadcast deal where the round-robin and page-playoff quarter-finals have aired on the network, while the semi-final and final rounds air on CBC — however, TSN's current contracts for the events give it exclusive coverage.

TSN has also historically been a broadcaster for Major League Baseball in Canada, as its former parent company, Labatt, was also the owner of the Toronto Blue Jays. However, TSN's coverage of the Blue Jays has decreased in recent years, as Sportsnet, which is owned by the Blue Jays' current parent company, Rogers Communications, has acquired the team's broadcast rights. Rogers continued to sub-license a yearly package of games to TSN for several seasons afterward until 2010, when TSN traded its remaining Blue Jays games back to Sportsnet (to allow it exclusive coverage of the team) in exchange for rights to ESPN Sunday Night Baseball. ESPN Sunday Night Baseball now airs on TSN2, although Sportsnet may re-claim broadcasts in the event of scheduling conflicts.

TSN also broadcasts Toronto Raptors games produced by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, which included 47 games across TSN and TSN2 in the 2010-11 season.^[20]

Hockey[link]

TSN is a major broadcaster of ice hockey in Canada. It holds the national cable rights to broadcast the NHL in Canada, including regular season games on weeknights, and exclusivity on Wednesday nights. Beginning on the 2009 contract, TSN has the third, fifth, and seventh choices of series during first round of the Stanley Cup playoffs (previously, the CBC automatically had rights to any series involving a Canadian team)^[21] CTV also acquired the rights to The Hockey Theme after the CBC decided not to renew its rights to the theme song in June 2008 amid a legal dispute with its composer, Dolores Claman. A re-orchestrated version of the tune, which has been the theme song of Hockey Night in Canada for 40 years, has been used for hockey broadcasts on TSN and RDS since fall 2008.^[22] TSN also frequently carries games broadcast by NBC and NBC Sports Network, though more so on TSN2.

Additionally, TSN holds English-language rights to the Montreal Canadiens and the Winnipeg Jets. Their games are aired exclusively on part-time feeds carried within the home markets of the two teams respectively.

In 2006, CTVglobemedia attempted to acquire full rights to the NHL on television in Canada in a $1.4 billion dollar bid, which would have included coverage on TSN, CTV, and its French network RDS.^[23] However in March 2007, it was revealed that the NHL instead decided to maintain its relationship with CBC (which would allow it to maintain Hockey Night in Canada), but still expanded TSN's coverage to include more coverage of Canadian teams.

TSN also has a broadcasting contract with Hockey Canada, giving it the rights to broadcast the IIHF World Junior Championships, Men's and Women's World Hockey Championship, Men's Under-18 World Championships, Allan Cup, Royal Bank Cup, Spengler Cup, Telus Cup and Esso Cup.

Significant international broadcast rights[link]

Along with its coverage of Canadian events, TSN also airs coverage of international sporting events (primarily American), often simulcast from other broadcasters. TSN also currently airs Formula One, NASCAR, and IndyCar racing events. As of the 2011 season, TSN2 carries a weekly early NFL game (to compliment sister terrestrial network CTV's other regional games), NBC Sunday Night Football, and Monday Night Football. TSN also carries some of ESPN's NFL analysis and highlight programs, including NFL Live, Sunday NFL Countdown, and Monday Night Countdown TSN also serves as the main Canadian outlet for TNT's NBA coverage, along with exclusive Canadian rights to the NBA Finals.

TSN is the exclusive rights holder in Canada for all 4 Tennis Grand Slams. As of 2012, they have signed multi-year extensions for the Australian Open,^[24] French Open^[25] & Wimbledon.^[26]

On February 1, 2011, TSN announced that they had acquired the rights to the Tour de France in a multi-year deal.^[27]

Much of TSN's coverage, especially for the NFL, NBA games not involving the Raptors, UEFA Champions League, American college football, the Grand Slams, and NASCAR events are simulcast from ESPN.

Wrestling[link]

TSN featured live professional wrestling in the form of World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE)'s flagship show, RAW for over a decade. However, the WWE Raw program, which aired live, occasionally had been censored live for extremely violent scenes, or when female wrestlers or characters were assaulted by male wrestlers. These actions are supposed to be in order to meet Canadian broadcast standards, with repeat broadcasts often more heavily edited.

This disappointed many wrestling fans over the years, and is unusual since the violence of wrestling scenes are not significantly different from other television programs aired on regular Canadian networks. It was expected that in fall 2006, when TSN started airing the ESPN iteration of Monday Night Football (as well as the NBC Sunday Night Football games), that WWE RAW was expected to air on tape delay during the NFL season. However, the WWE decided to move the program to rival sports network The Score rather than air on tape delay, although RAW continues to air on tape delay on The Score by 15 minutes, for editing purposes in addition to limits on the amount of live programming the Score can air in a week.

In 2004, both TSN and Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) Wrestling, (known then as NWA-TNA), erroneously announced that Impact! would air on the network, although that deal was never completed and the article on the TSN Wrestling page was taken down shortly after. However, TSN's French-language sister network RDS airs the program.

In past years, TSN also aired shows from the American Wrestling Association (AWA), Stampede Wrestling and World Championship Wrestling (WCW) Monday Night Nitro, as well as producing a one-hour show called Pro Wrestling Plus, which featured highlights from various promotions and was hosted by Stampede announcer Ed Whalen; that program was the Canadian equivalent of the syndicated American program Pro Wrestling This Week.

The final episode of WWE RAW, aired July 31, 2006, although it did not end the relationship between TSN and WWE as the 2007 WWE Hall of Fame induction ceremony was aired on the network. As well, Off The Record with Michael Landsberg continues to occasionally feature professional wrestlers in unscripted interviews, which it has throughout its run.

Other sports[link]

From August 2009, TSN and TSN2 have commenced screening live and delayed coverage of Australian Rules Football. Selected games from the Australian Football League (or AFL as the competition is also known) Premiership Season and Finals Series including the AFL Grand Final are broadcast live or on delay every weekend.

In May 2011, Bell Media and Skate Canada announced a 10-year rights agreement making CTV, TSN and RDS the official broadcasters of Skate Canada. As part of the agreement, CTV, TSN and RDS acquire exclusive multimedia rights to all of Skate Canada’s premiere domestic events including Skate Canada International and the Canadian Figure Skating Championships.

In 2011, TSN carried the Rugby World Cup, also with live and tape delayed coverage.

Personalities[link]

Current[link]

• Russ Anber – In This Corner analyst
• Jack Armstrong - Basketball analyst
• Kate Beirness - SportsCentre anchor
• Rod Black – Toronto Blue Jays, Toronto Raptors, Figure Skating play-by-play announcer and CFL on TSN play-by-play announcer
• Shawn Churchill – Winnipeg reporter
• Jock Climie – CFL on TSN studio analyst
• Chris Cuthbert – CFL on TSN and NHL on TSN play-by-play announcer
• James Cybulski – Toronto reporter
• Darren Dreger – NHL on TSN Insider
• Darren Dutchyshen – SportsCentre anchor / In This Corner host
• Matt Dunigan – CFL on TSN studio and colour analyst
• James Duthie – NHL on TSN studio host
• Claude Feig - Toronto reporter
• Ray Ferraro - NHL on TSN colour analyst
• Duane Forde – CFL on TSN colour analyst
• Sheri Forde – Toronto reporter
• Jermain Franklin – Calgary reporter
• Jennifer Hedger – SportsCentre anchor
• Leah Hextall – SportsCentre host (substitute)
• Dave Hodge – The Reporters host
• Paul Hollingsworth – Halifax/Atlantic Canada reporter
• Holly Horton – SportsCentre anchor
• Russ Howard – Curling on TSN colour analyst
• Lee Jones – Regina reporter
• Steve Kouleas – That's Hockey 2Nite host
• Michael Landsberg – Off The Record host
• Farhan Lalji – Vancouver reporter
• Pierre LeBrun – NHL on TSN Insider
• John Lu – Montreal reporter
• Maggie the Macaque – NHL on TSN playoff prognosticator
• Bob McKenzie – NHL on TSN Insider, hockey analyst
• Gord Miller – play-by-play announcer for the NHL on TSN, World Junior Hockey Championships and occasionallyCFL on TSN
• Linda Moore- Curling on TSN colour analyst
• Bryan Mudryk – SportsCentre anchor
• Dave Naylor - Football analyst
• Sara Orlesky – Winnipeg reporter
• Jay Onrait – SportsCentre anchor
• Dan O'Toole – SportsCentre anchor
• Jesse Palmer – NFL on TSN analyst – Monday Morning Quarterback
• Darren Pang – NHL on TSN studio analyst
• Blake Price - Vancouver reporter
• Dave Randorf – CFL on TSN studio host, NHL on TSN reporter, play-by-play announcer for Canadian women's hockey..
• Vic Rauter – Formula One studio host / Curling on TSN play-by-play announcer
• Gino Reda – That's Hockey host
• Ryan Rishaug – Edmonton reporter
• Darcy Seaton – Edmonton reporter
• Dan Shulman – March Madness on TSN studio analyst. Also featured in Sportscentre segments. (Former Toronto Blue Jays, NHL on TSN and NBA on TSN play-by-play; now play-by-play for ESPN, although TSN may simulcast games he calls)
• Chris Schultz – CFL on TSN studio analyst
• Rod Smith – SportsCentre anchor
• Natasha Staniszewski – SportsCentre anchor
• Milt Stegall – CFL on TSN studio analyst (substitute)
• Glen Suitor – CFL on TSN colour analyst
• Pat Tabler – Toronto Blue Jays colour analyst
• Brent Wallace – Ottawa reporter
• Bob Weeks – [Score Golf Television] host and golf analyst
• Michael Whalen – Montreal reporter
• Luke Wileman - Toronto FC play-by-play
• Brian Williams – Olympic games host, Figure Skating host, and CFL on TSN on site host
• Cory Woron – SportsCentre anchor

Various reporters and analysts from ESPN (such as Chris Berman, Barry Melrose and Steve Phillips) may also be featured in certain segments.

Former[link]

• Thea Andrews (later a correspondent/Sub. Host/Weekend edition co-host for Entertainment Tonight from 2006 to 2009)
• David Amber (now works at the NHL Network)
• Dale Barnes (former soccer announcer)
• Lisa Bowes (former Winnipeg and Calgary reporter; now a reporter at CTV Calgary)
• Mark Bunting (former Winnipeg and Toronto reporter; now with BNN)
• Peter Burwash (former Tennis analyst)
• Ken Chilibeck (former Edmonton reporter)
• Brendan Connor (now a sports anchor at Al-Jazeera English)
• Gary Green (former NHL on TSN colour analyst; now an analyst at the NHL Network)
• Lisa Hillary (now an anchor and reporter at Comcast SportsNet Philadelphia)
• Jim Hughson (former NHL on TSN and Toronto Blue Jays play-by-play; now Hockey Night in Canada play-by-play on CBC)
• Teresa Kruze (former Sportsdesk anchor; now an anchor and reporter at CTVglobemedia's 24-hour news channel based in Toronto, CP24)
• Robyn Matsumoto (former TSN Maritimes reporter)
• Pierre McGuire – (former colour analyst / studio analyst for the NHL on TSN and World Junior Hockey Championships; now a hockey analyst for NBC Sports and NBC Sports Network)
• Wray Morrison (former Regina reporter; now at CKOM)
• Leif Pettersen (former CFL on TSN colour analyst; deceased)
• Ken Reid (former sportscentre anchor, now at Sportsnet)
• Paul Romanuk (former NHL on TSN play-by-play; now a freelance sportscaster in London, England)
• Chris Sedens (former Sportsdesk anchor, now with KNX (AM))
• Mike Toth (former Sportsdesk anchor and Baseball Tonight host)
• Ray Turnbull (Former Curling on TSN colour analyst)
• Jim Van Horne (former Sportsdesk anchor and NHL on TSN studio host; now an anchor at the NHL Network)
• Peter Watts
• Alex J. Walling (former TSN Halifax/Atlantic Canada reporter)
• John Wells (former CFL on TSN play-by-play, NHL on TSN studio host; now retired)

Original programmes[link]

• CFL on TSN – Live coverage of CFL games with Dave Randorf in studio and a panel joining him to analyze the games – Jock Climie, Matt Dunigan and Chris Schultz. Friday broadcasts are known as Friday Night Football
• Curling on TSN - Live coverage of the Canadian Curling Association, Continental Cup of Curling, the TSN Skins Game, the World Curling Championships, and Olympic Curling.
• In this Corner – The latest news and reports from world of Boxing with Darren Dutchyshen and Russ Anber
• NASCAR Canadian Tire Series - Live coverage of select NASCAR Canadian Tire Series races^[28]
• NHL on TSN – Live coverage of NHL games. Hosted by James Duthie. Analysts include Bob McKenzie, Darren Dreger, Pierre LeBrun, Aaron Ward, and Marc Crawford
• Off The Record - talk show featuring various personalities discussing the latest sports headlines with host Michael Landsberg
• SportsCentre – Flagship news show on the network
• TSN Profile – Biographical portrait of various sports personalities
• TSN The Reporters – Sunday roundtable debate that examines the issues making headlines with Dave Hodge and featuring top Canadian Sports journalists
• That's Hockey – All the latest news and reports from the National Hockey League with Gino Reda and analysts Mike Johnson and Jamie McLennan
• TSN Skins Game – Annual curling bonspiel
• Toronto Raptors Basketball – About 20 games a year. Produced by NBA TV Canada

Former programmes[link]

• Vancouver Grizzlies Basketball (1995–2001)
• Montreal Expos Baseball (1985–1999, 2001)
• Toronto Blue Jays Baseball (1984–2009)

TSN HD[link]

TSN HD is a high definition simulcast of TSN that launched on August 15, 2003. TSN HD airs widescreen and high-definition feeds of sporting events when available. On September 25, 2006, SportsCentre transitioned to HD, airing high definition highlights of sporting events when possible, adding even more high definition content to the channel.

TSN.ca[link]

The Sports Network launched their website TSN.ca on October 1, 1995.^[29]

International distribution[link]

• Jamaica – distributed on Flow Cable systems.^[30]
• Bahamas – distributed on Cable Bahamas systems.^[31]

References[link]

12.AFL and ESPN(TSN)in U.S./Canada TV Rights Deal.^[32]

13.TV coverage returns to TSN and ESPN. [1]

External links[link]

• TSN
• TSN HD

v t e   Sports television in Canada Broadcast networks Full sports divisions CBC Sports • Radio-Canada Sports Occasional or U.S. simulcasts only Citytv • CTV • Global • TVA • V • CHCH/CHEK/Metro 14† Mainstream specialty English Sportsnet • Sportsnet One • The Score • TSN • TSN2 French RDS • RDS2 • RDS Info • TVA Sports Niche specialty (English) Archival ESPN Classic Canada Sport specific ATN Cricket • ATN Cricket Plus • EuroWorld Sport • Fight Network • GolTV • HPItv • Leafs TV • NBA TV Canada • NHL Network • Sportsnet World Lifestyle and recreation radX • Wild TV • WFN Occasional broadcasts bold • CBN • EastLink TV • Rogers TV • Shaw TV • TVCogeco Defunct Breakaway PPV • CFN • Fox Sports World Canada • Sens TV • WTSN • X-Treme Sports Foreign Big Ten Network (USA) • CBS Sports Network (USA) • Golf Channel (USA) • NFL Network (USA) • Speed (USA) †These three stations are officially independent stations, but they jointly purchase Canadian broadcast rights to sports events and some other programming.

George Gallup
Born	George Horace Gallup (1901-11-18)November 18, 1901 Jefferson, Iowa, United States
Died	July 26, 1984(1984-07-26) (aged 82) Tschingel, Bernese Oberland, Switzerland
Alma mater	University of Iowa
Occupation	Statistician
Known for	Gallup poll

This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2010)

George Horace Gallup (November 18, 1901 – July 26, 1984) was an American pioneer of survey sampling techniques and inventor of the Gallup poll, a successful statistical method of survey sampling for measuring public opinion.

Biography[link]

Gallup was born in Jefferson, Iowa. He was a graduate of The Lawrenceville School and the University of Iowa, where he was a football player, a member of Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity, and editor of The Daily Iowan, an independent newspaper which serves the university campus. He earned his B.A. in 1923, his M.A. in 1925 and his Ph.D. in 1928.

In 1936, his new organization achieved national recognition by correctly predicting, from the replies of only 5,000 respondents, that Franklin Roosevelt would defeat Alf Landon in the U.S. Presidential election. This was in direct contradiction to the widely respected Literary Digest magazine whose poll based on over two million returned questionnaires predicted that Landon would be the winner. Not only did Gallup get the election right, he correctly predicted the results of the Literary Digest poll as well using a random sample smaller than theirs but chosen to match it.

Twelve years later, his organization had its moment of greatest ignominy, when it predicted that Thomas Dewey would defeat Harry S. Truman in the 1948 election, by five to 15 percentage points. Gallup believed the error was mostly due to ending his polling three weeks before Election Day.

In 1947, he launched the Gallup International Association, an international association of polling organizations.^[1]

In 1948, with Claude E. Robinson, he founded Gallup and Robinson, Inc., an advertising research company.

In 1958, Gallup grouped all of his polling operations under what became The Gallup Organization.

Gallup died of a heart attack at his summer home in Tschingel, a village in the Bernese Oberland of Switzerland. He was buried in Princeton Cemetery. His son, writer and pollster George Gallup, Jr., died in 2011.^[2]

See also[link]

• Approval rating
• The Gallup Organization
• Gallup & Robinson
• George H. Gallup House
• Gallup International Association

References[link]

• Cantril, Hadley. Gauging Public Opinion (1944)
• Cantril, Hadley and Mildred Strunk, eds. Public Opinion, 1935-1946 (1951), massive compilation of many public opinion polls from US, UK, Canada, Australia, and elsewhere.
• Converse, Jean M. Survey Research in the United States: Roots and Emergence 1890-1960 (1987), the standard history
• Gallup, George. Public Opinion in a Democracy (1939)
• Gallup, Alec M. ed. The Gallup Poll Cumulative Index: Public Opinion, 1935-1997 (1999) lists 10,000+ questions, but no results
• Gallup, George Horace, ed. The Gallup Poll; Public Opinion, 1935-1971 3 vol (1972) summarizes results of each poll.
• Hawbaker, Becky Wilson. "Taking 'the Pulse of Democracy': George Gallup, Iowa, and the Origin of the Gallup Poll." The Palimpsest 74(3) 98-118. Description of Gallup's Iowa years and their impact on his development.
• Lavrakas, Paul J. et al. eds. Presidential Polls and the News Media (1995)
• Moore, David W. The Superpollsters: How They Measure and Manipulate Public Opinion in America (1995)
• Ohmer, Susan (2006). George Gallup in Hollywood. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12133-0. 
• Rogers, Lindsay. The Pollsters: Public Opinion, Politics, and Democratic Leadership (1949)
• Traugott, Michael W. The Voter's Guide to Election Polls 3rd ed. (2004)
• Young, Michael L. Dictionary of Polling: The Language of Contemporary Opinion Research (1992)

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: George Gallup

• Biography at Gallup.com
• The Gallup Legacy, from Gallup & Robinson website
• TIME profile from 1948

Philip Reeve
Born	1966 (age 45–46) Brighton, England
Occupation	Novelist
Nationality	English
Period	2001—
Genres	Science Fiction
Notable work(s)	Mortal Engines Quartet
www.philip-reeve.com

Philip Reeve (born 1966) is a British author and illustrator. He presently lives on Dartmoor with his wife Sarah and their son Samuel.

Biography[link]

Born in Brighton, Reeve studied illustration, first at Cambridgeshire College of Arts and Technology (CCAT - now Anglia Ruskin University), where he contributed a comic strip to the Student Union magazine, and later at Brighton Polytechnic (now the University of Brighton). Before becoming a professional illustrator he worked at a bookshop in Brighton for several years. During his student years and for a few years afterwards he wrote for and performed in comedy sketch shows with a variety of collaborators under various group names, among them The Charles Atlas Sisters.

He provided cartoons for many books including those in the Horrible Histories and the Murderous Maths series and wrote the Buster Bayliss series series of books for young readers, which currently includes Night of the Living Veg, The Big Freeze, Day of the Hamster, and Custardfinger. He is also the author and illustrator of a Dead Famous book, Horatio Nelson and His Victory.

His first book for older readers was Mortal Engines which won the Nestlé Smarties Book Prize Gold Award and was shortlisted for the Whitbread Book Award. Mortal Engines is the first book in the Mortal Engines Quartet series, which also includes Reeve's Predator's Gold, Infernal Devices and A Darkling Plain. The books are about the lives of two young adventurers, Tom Natsworthy and Hester Shaw, who live in a lawless post-apocalyptic world inhabited by moving cities.

Mortal Engines took Reeve over a decade to write. He started coming up with ideas for the book between 1989 and 1990, and it was first published in 2001. This was because he was working at it part time, between illustration jobs. After it was published, however, he cut down on his illustration work and devoted more of his time to writing, as he now knew he could fully complete a project.^[1]

His 2007 novel, Here Lies Arthur, an alternative version of the Arthurian legend, was awarded the Carnegie Medal. The first novel of his steampunk series set in outer space, Larklight, was under development as a film directed by Indian director Shekhar Kapur, but the director is no longer attached. Reeve himself professes that, when planning out stories for his novels, "I see it as a film that I run in my head, and I just keep running alternative versions of it until I come up with a cut I like.^[2] The future of the film is in the new hands of Swedish director Tomas Alfredson.^[3]

Writing methods[link]

Reeve claims not to be a methodical writer. He does not plan anything at all, usually starting with an opening image, a closing image, and a few vague notions for the things that happen in between. This leads to thousands of words of rough draft material being abandoned - even entire novels, such as with Fever Crumb and Mortal Engines. He does, however take ideas from these abandoned drafts to build the final version. It usually takes him a year to get a novel from first idea to publication, six months of which are spent actively writing it. The rest of the time is spent on editing and thinking.^[4][5]

Bibliography[link]

Buster Bayliss series[link]

• Night of the Living Veg (2002)
• The Big Freeze (2002)
• Day of the Hamster (2002)
• Custardfinger! (2003)

Mortal Engines Quartet[link]

(Marketed as "The Hungry City Chronicles" in the U.S.)

• Mortal Engines (2001)
• Predator's Gold (2003)
• Infernal Devices (2005)
• A Darkling Plain (2006)

• Traction City (World Book Day novella) (2011)

Fever Crumb Series[link]

see also Fever Crumb Series

• Fever Crumb (2009)
• A Web of Air (2010)
• Scrivener's Moon (2011)
• Untitled Fourth Book (TBA)

Larklight trilogy[link]

• Larklight (2006)
• Starcross (2007)
• Mothstorm (2008)

Other novels[link]

• Horatio Nelson and His Victory (2003)
• Here Lies Arthur (2007)
• No Such Thing As Dragons (2009)
• Isaac Newton and His Apple(1999)
• Goblins! (2012)

Books as illustrator[link]

• Pantsacadabra! (2006) (with Kjartan Poskitt)
• Urgum the Axeman (2006) (with Kjartan Poskitt)
• Murderous Maths (series) (with Kjartan Poskitt)
• Awful Art (1997) (with Michael Cox)
• No Such Thing As Dragons (2009) (own book)

Footnotes[link]

References[link]

Henry Keazor, "Mortal Engines" und "Infernal Devices": Architektur- und Technologie-Nostalgie bei Philip Reeve", in: Techniknostalgie und Retrotechnologie, ed. by Andreas Böhn and Kurt Möser, Karlsruhe 2010, p. 129 - 147 (http://uvka.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de/shop/product_info.php/info/p12673_Techniknostalgie-und-Retrotechnologie--Band-2-.html/XTCsid/ef3be60e521d8883272cc1234a737282)

External links[link]

• Philip Reeve's homepage
• Philip Reeve's blog
• Mortal Engines Site (requires Flash and Javascript)
• Philip Reeve biography
• Philip Reeve interview
• Questions and Answers with Philip Reeve
• Philip Reeve at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database