- published: 03 May 2012
- views: 1340
- author: ripperhollow
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- AC Transit
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Antelope Valley
Antelope Valley is located in northern Los Angeles County, California and the southeast portion of Kern County, California, and constitutes the western tip of the Mojave Desert. It is situated between the Tehachapi and the San Gabriel Mountains.
The valley was named for the pronghorns that are said to have roamed there until being eliminated by hunters and bad weather in the 1880s. The principal cities in the Antelope Valley are Palmdale and Lancaster.
Shaped like a sideways letter "V", the Antelope Valley comprises the western tip of the Mojave Desert, opening up to the Victor Valley and the Great Basin to the east. Lying north of the San Gabriel Mountains and southeast of the Tehachapis, this desert ecosystem spans approximately 2,200 square miles (5,698 km2). Precipitation in the surrounding mountain ranges contributes to groundwater recharge.
wn.com/Antelope_Valley -
Big Sur
Big Sur is a sparsely populated region of the Central Coast of California where the Santa Lucia Mountains rise abruptly from the Pacific Ocean. The name "Big Sur" is derived from the original Spanish-language "el sur grande", meaning "the big south", or from "el país grande del sur", "the big country of the south". The terrain offers stunning views, making Big Sur a popular tourist destination. Big Sur's Cone Peak is the highest coastal mountain in the contiguous 48 states, ascending nearly a mile (5,155 feet/1571 m) above sea level, only three miles (4.8 km) from the ocean.
Although Big Sur has no specific boundaries, many definitions of the area include the 90 miles (140 km) of coastline from the Carmel River south to the San Carpoforo Creek, and extend about 20 miles (32 km) inland to the eastern foothills of the Santa Lucias. Other sources limit the eastern border to the coastal flanks of these mountains, only three to 12 miles (19 km) inland. Another practical definition of the region is the segment of California State Route 1 between San Simeon and Carmel.
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Bob Wieckowski
Bob Wieckowski is an American attorney and politician in California. He was elected November 2, 2010 to the California State Assembly to represent the 20th District, which includes the cities of Fremont, Newark, Union City, and Milpitas, as well as portions of San Jose, Pleasanton, Hayward, and Castro Valley. Wieckowski previously served as vice-mayor of Fremont, and was a member of their city council.
Wieckowski attended the University of California, Berkeley where he earned a bachelor of art before attended law school at Santa Clara University School of Law where he earned a juris doctorate. Following law school he worked in bankruptcy law at The Law Offices of Robert A. Wieckowski. He also worked as a legislative aide to United States Congressman Don Edwards. Wieckowski resides in Fremont with Sue Lemke, and her two sons, Evan and Luke.
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Bodega Bay
Bodega Bay is a shallow, rocky inlet of the Pacific Ocean on the coast of northern California in the United States. It is approximately 5 mi (8 km) across and is located approximately 40 mi (60 km) northwest of San Francisco and 20 mi (32 km) west of Santa Rosa. The bay straddles the boundary between Sonoma County to the north and Marin County to the south.
Bodega Bay is protected on its north end from the Pacific Ocean by Bodega Head, which shelters the small Bodega Harbor and is separated from the main bay by a jetty. The San Andreas Fault runs parallel to the coastline and bisects Bodega Head, which lies on the Pacific Plate; the town is on the North American Plate. The village of Bodega Bay sits on the east side of Bodega Harbor. The bay connects on its south end to the mouth of Tomales Bay.
Streams flowing into Bodega Bay include the Estero de San Antonio and the Estero Americano. Accessible beaches on Bodega Bay include Doran Regional Park (on the jetty) and Pinnacle Gulch. Apart from the harbor, all of Bodega Bay lies within the boundaries of the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary.
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California
California (pronounced
i/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland). The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.
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Carquinez Strait
The Carquinez Strait is a narrow tidal strait in northern California. It is part of the tidal estuary of the Sacramento and the San Joaquin rivers as they drain into the San Francisco Bay. The strait connects Suisun Bay, which receives the waters of the combined rivers, with San Pablo Bay, a northern extension of the San Francisco Bay.
In 1985, an errant humpback whale swam up the Carquinez Strait as far as Rio Vista. Named Humphrey the whale by the media, he was successfully turned around and rescued by The Marine Mammal Center and other volunteers.
The USNS Glomar Explorer (T-AG-193) was moored for many years at the eastern end of the strait.
Carquinez Strait Powerline Crossing was the world's first powerline crossing of a large river.
The strait forms part of the border between Solano (to the north) and Contra Costa (to the south) counties, and is approximately 15 mi (25 km) north of Oakland. The cities of Benicia and Vallejo lie on the north side of the strait, while Martinez, Port Costa, and Crockett sit on the southern coast. The Napa River joins the strait, via the short Mare Island Strait, near its entrance into San Pablo Bay.
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Central California
Central California, sometimes referenced as Mid-State, is an area of California south of the San Francisco Bay Area and north of Southern California. It includes the southern portion of the San Joaquin Valley south of the San Joaquin River Delta, the Central Coast and central hills of the California Coast Ranges, and the foothills and mountain areas of the central Sierra Nevada.
Central California is generally considered a sub-region within Northern California. Both have their southern boundary where they meet Southern California at either the Tehachapi Mountains or the county lines which cross the state west to east below Monterey, Kings and Tulare Counties. Central California is considered to be west of the crest of the Sierra Nevada. (East of the Sierras is Eastern California.)
The largest cities (over 50,000 population) in the region are Fresno, Modesto, Visalia, Salinas, Merced, Turlock, Madera, Hanford, and Porterville.
Central California can have widely varying definitions depending on the context. Some divide the state by lines of latitude making northern, central and southern sections. Others divide by county lines or watershed boundaries. Some definitions include more of the San Joaquin Valley and even larger portions of the Central Valley. Some have less or none of Central Coast.
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Chabot College
Coordinates: 37°38′30.47″N 122°6′20.13″W / 37.6417972°N 122.1055917°W / 37.6417972; -122.1055917
Chabot College is a community college located in Hayward, California.
The campus has a 200-seat theatre, a 1,432-seat performing arts center, a full-size planetarium, four major athletic fields, an HD television studio, and an Olympic-class swimming pool.
Chabot College was the first college opened by the Chabot-Las Positas Community College District. The formation of a “junior college district” was approved by the voters on January 10, 1961, and the first board of trustees elected on April 18, 1961. Chabot College opened for classes on September 11, 1961, on a 7.5-acre (30,000 m2) temporary site in San Leandro with an enrollment of 1,163 students. The 94-acre (380,000 m2) Chabot College site on Hesperian Boulevard in Hayward opened for its first day of classes on September 20, 1965. The college primarily serves residents of Alameda County in the East Bay area, including the district communities of Hayward, Castro Valley, San Leandro, San Lorenzo and Union City. In 1987 the Chabot College ultimate disc team won the intercollegiate national championship.
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Coachella Valley
Coachella Valley (
/koʊˈtʃɛlə/, /koʊ.əˈtʃɛlə/) is a large valley landform in Southern California. The valley extends for approximately 45 miles (72 km) in Riverside County southeast from the San Bernardino Mountains to the saltwater Salton Sea, the largest lake in California. It is approximately 15 miles (24 km) wide along most of its length, bounded on the west by the San Jacinto Mountains and the Santa Rosa Mountains and on the north and east by the Little San Bernardino Mountains. The San Andreas Fault crosses the valley from the Chocolate Mountains in the southeast corner and along the centerline of the Little San Bernardinos. The fault is easily visible along its northern length as a strip of greenery against an otherwise bare mountain.
The Chocolate Mountains are home to a United States Navy live gunnery range and are mostly off-limits to the public. In comparison to the "Inland Empire" (Riverside-San Bernardino area and the California desert), some people refer to the IE 's sub-region Coachella Valley as the "Desert Empire" to differentiate it from the neighboring Imperial Valley. Geographers and geologists sometimes call the area, along with the Imperial Valley to the south, the "Cahuilla Basin" or the "Salton Trough".
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College of Alameda
Coordinates: 37°46′56″N 122°16′45″W / 37.7822°N 122.2793°W / 37.7822; -122.2793
College of Alameda is a two-year community college located in Alameda, California.
The college is part of the Peralta Community College District and was opened in 1968. The college has been located at its campus at Atlantic Avenue and Webster Street since 1970. The college in addition to the other three campuses of the Peralta College District are currently on probation for "fiscal insolvency and stability" imposed by WASC.
College of Alameda is accredited by the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. Individual College of Alameda occupational programs are accredited or certified by the American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Dental Education for Dental Assistants, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the National Institute for Automotive Service Excellence (ASE).
College of Alameda’s mission is to meet the educational needs of its multicultural and diverse community by providing excellent comprehensive and flexible programs, including basic skills, transfer and occupational programs, which will enable each student to achieve his/her own unique goals.
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Conejo Valley
The Conejo Valley is a region spanning both southeastern Ventura County and northwestern Los Angeles County in Southern California, United States. It was discovered in 1542 by Portuguese explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, and eventually became part of the Rancho El Conejo land grant by the Spanish government (in Spanish conejo means "rabbit", and refers to the rabbits common to the region, specifically the Desert Cottontail and Brush Rabbit species). It is located in the northwestern part of the Greater Los Angeles Area.
The area is bordered by the San Fernando Valley and the city of Los Angeles to the east, Simi Hills to the north, Las Posas Hills and the Santa Rosa Valley to the northwest, Conejo Mountain (also known as Conejo Hills) and Oxnard Plain to the west, and the Santa Monica Mountains and Malibu to the south, the Westside, and Pacific Ocean beyond it. The valley is located in the Santa Monica Mountains on an elevated area.
Many high-tech companies, particularly those in biotechnology, including Amgen, Baxter, General Dynamics Corporation, and Rockwell International are prevalent in the area. It also includes many other tech corporations, especially dot com companies and telecommunications like Verizon and Verizon Wireless. It also is home to many healthcare and other various companies like WellPoint, J.D. Power and Associates, Volkswagen, Audi, THQ, and cosmetics leader Jafra Cosmetics. Although the region is predominantly white with a large Hispanic minority, there is a small, but growing, Asian minority in the region.
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Cucamonga Valley
The Cucamonga Valley is a region between the Los Angeles and San Bernardino areas, in San Bernardino County and Riverside County, of California, United States. It is located east of the Pomona Valley and it is a major site of wine production and is the location of the Cucamonga Valley AVA, a designated American Viticultural Area. The valley is in the Inland Empire.
The demographics of the Cucamonga Valley have been shifting in recent years. The population of European Americans, who once constituted a large majority, is on the decline while the population of Latinos and African Americans is growing . Unlike most of Southern California, there is not a particularly strong representation of Asian Americans in the Cucamonga Valley, although it is steadily increasing. Rancho Cucamonga has the highest population of Asian Americans in the Cucamonga Valley, at 9.0% of the population.
Two Metrolink commuter rail lines, the San Bernardino Line and the Riverside Line, serve the Cucamonga Valley. The lines are named for their eastern terminal stations, with their shared western terminal being Los Angeles Union Station.
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Eastshore State Park
Eastshore State Park is a state park and wildlife refuge along the San Francisco Bay shoreline of the East Bay between the cities of Richmond, Albany, Berkeley, Emeryville, and Oakland. It encompasses remnant natural wetlands, restored wetlands as well as landfill west of the Eastshore Freeway. It is 8.5 miles (13.7 km) long. Eastshore State Park is jointly managed by the California State Parks and East Bay Regional Park District.
Coordinates: 37°52′5″N 122°18′30″W / 37.86806°N 122.30833°W / 37.86806; -122.30833
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Gold Country
Gold Country (also Mother Lode Country) is a region in the central and northeastern part of California. It is famed for the mineral deposits and gold mines that attracted waves of immigrants, known as the 49ers, during the 1849 California Gold Rush.
State Route 49 was built through the Gold Country, stretching from Mariposa County in the south, to Sierra County in the north.
It includes parts of twelve California counties: Amador, Butte, Calaveras, El Dorado, Mariposa, Nevada, Placer, Sacramento, Sierra, Tuolumne, Plumas and Yuba.
The Gold Country lies on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada, reaching down to the Sacramento Valley. The oldest geology can be found along the easternmost portions of this region, closer to the Sierra Nevada summits. It consists of ancient sea floor and portions of islands which were added onto the western edge of North America during the late Paleozoic, about 275 million years ago. The western sections of the Mother Lode are significantly younger, from the mid Mesozoic about 150 million years ago, and also consist of material that was solidified on the ocean floor to the continental edge. Massive intrusions of granite forced their way into these formations. After ten miles of overlying material was eroded over the last 70 million years, these intrusions became visible throughout the Sierra Nevada. Over the last 50 million years, rivers and volcanoes deposited materials; these built up in thick layers found atop many of the high ridges of the Sierra Nevada foothills.
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Golden Gate
The Golden Gate is the North American strait connecting San Francisco Bay to the Pacific Ocean. Since 1937 it has been spanned by the Golden Gate Bridge. Technically, the 'gate' is defined by the headlands of the San Francisco Peninsula and the Marin Peninsula, while the 'strait' is the water flowing in between.
During the last Ice Age, when sea level was several hundred feet lower, the waters of the glacier-fed Sacramento River and the San Joaquin River scoured a deep channel through the bedrock on their way to the ocean. The strait is well known today for its depth and powerful tidal currents from the Pacific Ocean. Many small whirlpools and eddies can form in its waters. During the centuries Golden Gate strait with its strong currents, rocky reefs and low fog conditions has became a place of more than a hundred shipwrecks.
Before the arrival of Europeans in the 18th century, the area around the strait and the bay was inhabited by the Ohlone to the south and Coast Miwok people to the north. Descendants of both tribes remain in the area.
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Grizzly Bay
Grizzly Bay is a baylet of the San Francisco Bay which dips into Solano County, California and borders Suisun Bay. Grizzly Bay is home to many sloughs and wildlife areas in addition to the Fifth Reserve Fleet which is docked off the coast of Benicia.
Suisun Slough and Cordelia Slough empty into Grizzly Bay.
Coordinates: 38°07′N 122°00′W / 38.117°N 122°W / 38.117; -122
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Haas Pavilion
Coordinates: 37°52′9.82″N 122°15′43.9″W / 37.8693944°N 122.262194°W / 37.8693944; -122.262194
The Walter A. Haas, Jr. Pavilion is the home of the University of California's men's and women's basketball, women's volleyball, and men's and women's gymnastics teams. The arena is located in the middle of the main University of California sports complex, overlooking Evans Diamond (baseball) and Edwards Stadium (track/soccer).
The arena was originally built in 1933 as the Men's Gym. It was renamed Harmon Gym in 1959, after Oakland financier A.K.P. Harmon, who donated the funds to build Cal's first indoor athletic facility in 1879. Lou Campanelli tried to have it renamed "Harmon Arena" when he became coach, but it never really caught on. The playing surface, after being known as simply "Room 100" since the arena opened, was renamed Pete Newell Court in 1987 in honor of Pete Newell, who led Cal to the national championship in 1959.
Proposals for replacing the old gym were bandied about from the 1970s onward, but sentiment was strongly in favor of rebuilding it instead. As a result, the arena was heavily renovated from 1997 to 1999 after a donation of about $11 million from Walter A. Haas, Jr. of Levi Strauss & Co., building a new seating bowl within the existing walls.
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Joan Buchanan
Joan T. Buchanan (born October 4, 1952) is a Democratic public official and former school board member from Alamo, California. She has been a member of the California State Assembly since December 2008. In September 2009, Buchanan lost a bid to succeed Ellen Tauscher in the US Congress.
Buchanan graduated from UC Santa Barbara.
Before the age of 30, she retired from the private sector, after obtaining the position of Director of Commercial Operations at Delta Dental.
While raising her five children locally, Buchanan served for 20 years on the San Ramon Valley School Board, including 4 terms as president. Buchanan’s budgeting and organizational development led to SRVUSD being ranked among the top 5% of all school districts in California. Over 94% of the district’s graduating seniors attend college.
Buchanan also served as Vice-President of the San Ramon Valley School Age Child Care Alliance and helped bring childcare services to San Ramon elementary schools. In addition, she successfully led the 1994 “No on Vouchers” campaign to preserve funds for public schools.
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Laney College
Laney College is a community college located in Oakland, California, next to the Lake Merritt BART station and the Kaiser Convention Center. Laney is the largest of the four colleges of the Peralta Community College District which serves northern Alameda County.
Laney College originally opened in 1953 as Oakland City College, at the former University High School campus (which operated from 1923 to 1948). It offers both certificates and credits for Associate of Arts degree, as well as prerequisites to transfer to four year universities.
The college, in addition to the other three campuses of the Peralta College District, is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.
Laney is divided into five divisions and sixty-one departments.
Laney also has a variety of [student support services] to provide assistance for academic instruction.
Most of the college's academic and administrative buildings are clustered together in a complex in the northern corner of the campus. The buildings are arranged on a rigid grid, with two levels of concrete pathways providing circulation. The square in the center of the complex has been reserved for the quad. Facing the quad are the student center, theater, library, and gymnasium. On one corner is the triangular "Laney Tower", the main administration building; on the opposite is another triangular building housing a lecture hall and dance studio. Academic buildings form the outer ring of the complex. Each has a similar design, with courtyards in the centers of each square on the second level, ringed by classrooms and offices; and more classrooms and vocational facilities on the first level, accessed from the perimeter of the building. Most of the outer buildings occupy two or three squares on the grid. The entire complex shares a red brick and concrete theme, with sharp corners, square and triangular shapes, and little vegetation.
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Las Positas College
Las Positas College is a community college located in Livermore, California, United States, on 147 acres (0.59 km2). It began as an extension program of Chabot College in 1963, offering 24 classes and enrolling 810 students at three sites, including Livermore High School. By 1965, the program had expanded to Granada High School in Livermore and subsequently offered classes at Amador and Dublin High Schools as well. The Chabot-Las Positas Community College District purchased the Livermore site that same year, intending to develop a comprehensive community college. However, in 1970 and again in 1972, bond issues to build the rural college failed despite Tri-Valley voters' overwhelming support, ostensibly because of opposition among the District's largest voting population, who lived outside the service area for the proposed college. Lacking funds to develop a second comprehensive community college, the Board of Trustees voted to develop a small education center at the Livermore site. On March 31, 1975, "Valley Campus" opened as the Livermore Education Center of Chabot College.
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Loni Hancock
Loni Hancock is currently serving in her first term as the representative of California State Senate District 9. The 9th Senate District currently includes Alameda, Albany, Berkeley, Castro Valley, Dublin, El Sobrante, Emeryville, Livermore, Oakland, Piedmont, Richmond, and San Pablo. She previously served as a member of the California State Assembly, representing the 14th Assembly District from 2002 to 2008, and as the mayor of Berkeley, California from 1986 to 1994. Hancock is a member of the Democratic Party. She has a B.A. from Ithaca College. Hancock has lived in Berkeley since 1964 and is married to Berkeley Mayor and former District 14 California State Assemblymember Tom Bates. She has two children, two stepchildren from Bates' previous marriage, and seven grandchildren.
Hancock served Berkeley as a member of the city council from 1971 to 1979. One of Hancock's achievements as a member of the council was the preservation of the Berkeley marina from development. She helped conduct a study by a group of students from the University of California at Berkeley that showed that major development in the marina area would threaten the wildlife in the area.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (
i/lɒs ˈændʒələs/ loss-AN-jə-ləs; Spanish: [los ˈaŋxeles], which is written Los Ángeles; British pronounciation /lɒs ˈændʒəliːz/ loss-AN-jə-leez) with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in the state of California, and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of 468.67 square miles (1,213.8 km2), and is located in Southern California. Often known by its initials L.A., the city is the focal point of the larger Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana metropolitan statistical area and Greater Los Angeles Area region, which contain 12,828,837 and nearly 18 million people respectively as of 2010, making it one of the most populous metropolitan areas in the world and the second largest in the United States. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States, while the entire Los Angeles area itself has been recognized as the most diverse of the nation's largest cities. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos".
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Lost Coast
The Lost Coast is a mostly undeveloped section of the California North Coast in Mendocino and Humboldt Counties, which includes the King Range. It was named the "Lost Coast" after the area experienced depopulation in the 1930s. In addition, the steepness and related geo-technical challenges of the coastal mountains made this stretch of coastline too costly for state highway or county road builders to establish routes through the area, leaving it the most undeveloped portion of the California coast.
The region roughly spans from Rockport to Ferndale. At the south end, State Route 1, which runs very close along the coast for most of its length, instead turns inland at Rockport before merging with U.S. Route 101 at Leggett. At the north end, State Route 211 begins its journey at Ferndale, heading towards Highway 101 in Fernbridge. Section 511 of the California Streets and Highways Code still says that "Route 211 is from Route 1 near Rockport to Route 101 near Fernbridge", but it is very unlikely that the portion south of Ferndale will ever get built.
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Mary Hayashi
Mary Hayashi ("Hayashi" is married surname, born August 13, 1966) was elected to the California State Assembly in 2006. She was re-elected in 2008 and 2010. She is a Democrat. She represents the 18th Assembly District which includes San Leandro, Hayward, Dublin and the unincorporated areas of Ashland, Cherryland, and San Lorenzo. She also represents most of Castro Valley, Pleasanton and a portion of Oakland. She is also a convincted thief.
Hayashi, who was born in Kwangju, South Korea, is the first Korean-American woman elected to the California state legislature.
Her primary legislative interest is health care, and she has been named Legislator of the Year by the California Medical Association. In 2011, she authored AB 25, which requires a school district to immediately remove an athlete from a school-sponsored athletic activity if he or she is suspected of sustaining a concussion or head injury. The bill was signed into law by Governor Brown. AB 25 prohibits the return of the student until he or she is evaluated by, and receives written clearance from, a licensed health care provider. In addition, the bill requires a concussion and head injury information sheet to be signed and returned by that athlete and their parent or guardian before the first practice or competition.
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Merritt College
Coordinates: 37°47′19.72″N 122°9′59.01″W / 37.7888111°N 122.1663917°W / 37.7888111; -122.1663917
Merritt College is a two-year community college located in the Oakland Hills in Alameda County, California. The school's enrollment is approximately 6,000 students. The college is named after physician Dr. Samuel Merritt.
The college, in addition to the other three campuses of the Peralta College District, is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.
The college is part of the Peralta Community College District and was opened as a general campus in 1954 (it had been known as the Merritt School of Business, and along with what is now Laney College, operated by the Oakland Unified School District as Oakland Junior College, which became the nucleus of the Peralta Colleges). In 1966, two Merritt College students, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale formed the Black Panther Party.
The college originally opened in the former Grove Street campus of University High School (1923–1943), located at what is now 5714 Martin Luther King Jr. Way. This site, now rehabilitated and serving as the north campus of the Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.
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Metropolitan Fresno
Metropolitan Fresno or officially Fresno-Madera, CA CSA is a metropolitan area in California's Central Valley consisting of Fresno and Madera counties in the southern area of Northern California. It is the second largest metropolitan region in the Central Valley, the first being Greater Sacramento, and 42nd largest in the United States as of 2010 census.
Metropolitan Fresno is anchored by Fresno, the fifth largest city in California and the 35th largest in the United States. The metropolitan area's Central Valley location, which is one of the world's most productive agricultural regions, allows a large agricultural economy despite being increasingly urbanized.
Metropolitan Fresno, unlike the other metropolitan regions of California, is still largely agricultural and contains a large rural land area and is centered in the San Joaquin Valley. The metropolitan area is located between the larger metropolitan areas of California, bordering the southernmost boundaries of the San Francisco Bay Area in the west and separated from the Greater Sacramento and Greater Los Angeles Areas to the north and south respectively by long distances of rural and farmland. Additionally, the lifestyle and culture of Metropolitan Fresno does not reflect the San Francisco or Sacramento influence as other areas have in Northern California due to distance from the state capital and bordering an unpopulated area of the outskirts of the Bay Area. Instead, Metropolitan Fresno is more influenced by the interior valley region of California although as the area becomes more urbanized, it has become slightly more influenced by the other metropolitan areas of Northern California, particularly the Bay Area.
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Mills College
Mills College is an independent liberal arts and sciences college in the San Francisco Bay Area. Originally founded in 1852 as a young ladies' seminary in Benicia, California, Mills became the first women's college west of the Rockies. Currently, Mills is an undergraduate women's college in Oakland, California, with graduate programs for women and men. The college offers more than 40 undergraduate majors and 23 graduate degrees and certificates.
In 2011, U.S. News & World Report ranked Mills fifth overall among colleges and universities in the Western U.S. and seventh in the Western U.S. in "Great Schools, Great Prices," which evaluated the quality of institutions' academics against the cost of attendance.The Princeton Review ranks Mills as one of the Best 376 Colleges and one of the top "green" colleges in the U.S.
Mills College was initially founded as the Young Ladies Seminary at Benicia in 1852. It was under the leadership of Mary Atkins, a graduate of Oberlin College. In 1865, Susan Tolman Mills, a graduate of Mount Holyoke College (then Mount Holyoke Female Seminary), and her husband Cyrus Mills bought the Young Ladies Seminary renaming it Mills Seminary. In 1871, the school was moved to Oakland, California and the school was incorporated in 1877. The school became Mills College in 1885. In 1890, after serving for decades as principal (under two presidents as well), Susan Mills became the president of the college and held the position for 19 years. Beginning in 1906 the seminary classes were progressively eliminated. In 1921, Mills granted its first master's degrees.
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Northern California
Northern California is the northern portion of the U.S. state of California. The San Francisco Bay Area (which includes the cities of San Francisco, Oakland, and the largest city of the region, San Jose), and Sacramento (the state capital) as well as its metropolitan area are the main population centers. It also contains redwood forests, along with the Sierra Nevada including Yosemite Valley and Lake Tahoe, Mount Shasta (the second-highest peak in the Cascade Range after Mount Rainier in Washington), and the northern half of the Central Valley, one of the world's most productive agricultural regions.
The area also contains one of the 11 megaregions of the United States, spanning from the San Francisco Bay Area east to the Lake Tahoe-Reno area, and from Metropolitan Fresno north to Greater Sacramento.
Native Americans arrived in Northern California at least as early as 8,000 to 5,000 BC and perhaps even much before, and successive waves of arrivals led to one of the most densely populated areas of pre-Columbian North America. The arrival of European explorers from the early 16th to the mid-18th centuries, did not establish European settlements in Northern California. In 1770, the Spanish mission at Monterey was the first European settlement in the area, followed by other missions along the coast—eventually extending as far north as Sonoma County.
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NUMMI
New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc. (NUMMI) was an automobile manufacturing plant in Fremont, California, opened in 1984 and closed in 2010. On October 27, 2010, it reopened as a 100% Tesla Motors-owned production facility, known as the Tesla Factory. The plant is located in the East Industrial area of Fremont between Interstates 880 and 680.
NUMMI was established at the site of a former General Motors Fremont Assembly site that had been closed two years earlier in 1982 (GM plant since 1960). GM and Toyota reopened the factory as a joint venture in 1984 to manufacture vehicles to be sold under both brands. GM pulled out of the venture in June 2009, and several months later Toyota announced plans to pull out by March 2010. The closure was opposed by city officials, including Fremont Mayor Bob Wasserman, who lobbied to keep NUMMI in the city. However, at 9.40am on April 1, 2010, the plant produced its last car, a red Toyota Corolla S believed to be destined for a museum in Japan.[citation needed] Production of Corollas in North America has been moved to Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada's assembly plant in Cambridge, Ontario.
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Oakland Estuary
Coordinates: 37°47′41.02″N 122°18′54.92″W / 37.7947278°N 122.3152556°W / 37.7947278; -122.3152556
The Oakland Estuary is the body of water separating the cities of Oakland and Alameda, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. On its western end it connects to San Francisco Bay, while its eastern end connects to San Leandro Bay.
The Estuary is spanned by two underwater tubes and three bridges. They are, from west to east:
Although the estuary was used by Native American tribes inhabiting the local area since about 4000 BC, the earliest recorded history of the Oakland Estuary dates primarily from events extending back to the 19th century, as detailed in a research study conducted by Earth Metrics for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.(Earth Metrics, 1990)(Shreffler, 1994) The Oakland Estuary and tributary stream channels were used for shipping transport regularly by the 1850s; early maritime commerce featured movement of lumber and cattle hides. At this time land west of Lake Merritt Slough consisted of undeveloped marshlands. In 1853 the first dredging project of this estuary was initiated to enable ferry service to San Francisco. By the late 19th century further landside development occurred featuring wharf expansions, railroad service and shipbuilding. By the early 20th century the industrial pace accelerated and brought numerous industries to the Oakland Estuary, including a number of uses which contributed to sediment contamination of the estuary, such as paint manufacturing, pesticide storage, coal distillation, foundry uses and petroleum refineries. It is also home to local rowing team The Oakland Strokes.
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Ohlone College
Coordinates: 37°31′49.88″N 121°54′52.05″W / 37.5305222°N 121.9144583°W / 37.5305222; -121.9144583
Ohlone College is a community college located in Fremont, California. It was established in 1965. Ohlone College is a single college, multi campus district serving the areas of Fremont, Newark, and Union City with its main campus and district office in Fremont. It is one of 112 community colleges in the state of California and is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.
A satellite center called the Ohlone College Newark Center for Health Sciences and Technology opened in January 2008 on an 80-plus-acre site in Newark, California. Voters approved a $150 million bond measure for this project in March 2002.
"Officially named Ohlone College on June 18, 1967, the institution honors the early Ohlone Indians of the Costanoan tribe, who inhabited the Fremont and Newark area. Long before the local Indians were named Costanoans by the Spanish priests, they were known by a neighboring Miwuk tribe as the Ohlones or “people of the West.” Distinguished by peaceful pursuits, especially in agriculture, they held profound reverence for the earth, believing it was theirs for living and not for the taking. They aided the Franciscan Fathers in building Mission San José in the late 18th century and prospered until 1806-33 when a series of epidemics virtually destroyed the tribe."
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Oxnard Plain
The Oxnard Plain is a large coastal plain in southwest Ventura County, California bounded by the Santa Monica Mountains, the Santa Susana Mountains, and Oak Ridge (beyond which lies the Conejo Valley) to the east, the Topatopa Mountains to the north, the Santa Clara River Valley to the northeast and the Pacific Ocean to the south and west. The Oxnard Plain is also home to the western half of the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura Metro Area which includes the cities of Oxnard, Ventura, Camarillo, Port Hueneme and Santa Paula, as well as the unincorporated towns of Channel Islands, El Rio, Montalvo, Saticoy and Somis.
The alluvial plain is home to some of the most fertile soil in the world, and as such, agriculture is one of the region's most vital and important industries. The Oxnard Plain is known for its strawberries, leading to the moniker "Strawberry Capital of the World" and the annual California Strawberry Festival, the nation's largest. (Likewise, Santa Paula is called "The Citrus Capital of the World".) Oxnard Plain is also a major producer of celery, lima beans, lettuce, tomatoes, broccoli, onions and citrus fruits, namely lemons. The Plain also produces a major proportion of the transplanted Asian vegetable crop for the US including produce such as Bok Choi.
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Pixar
Pixar Animation Studios /ˈpɪksɑr/ is an American computer animation film studio based in Emeryville, California. The studio has earned twenty-six Academy Awards, seven Golden Globes, and three Grammy Awards, among many other awards and acknowledgments. It is best known for its CGI-animated feature films created with PhotoRealistic RenderMan, its own implementation of the industry-standard RenderMan image-rendering application programming interface used to generate high-quality images. Pixar began in 1979 as the Graphics Group, part of the Computer Division of Lucasfilm before it was acquired by Apple Computer co-founder Steve Jobs in 1986. The Walt Disney Company bought Pixar in 2006 at a valuation of $7.4 billion; the transaction made Jobs the largest shareholder in Disney.
Pixar has produced twelve feature films, beginning with Toy Story in 1995. It was followed by A Bug's Life in 1998, Toy Story 2 in 1999, Monsters, Inc. in 2001, Finding Nemo in 2003, The Incredibles in 2004, Cars in 2006, Ratatouille in 2007, WALL-E in 2008, Up in 2009, Toy Story 3 (to date, the highest-grossing animated film of all-time, grossing over $1 billion worldwide) in 2010, and Cars 2 in 2011. Eleven of the films have received critical and financial success, with the notable exception being Cars 2, which received substantially less praise than Pixar's previous films. As of February 2012, its films have made over $7 billion worldwide, with its $602 million average gross by far the highest of any studio in the industry. In addition, all of the films produced by Pixar are among the top 50 highest-grossing animated films of all time, with Finding Nemo (#27), Up (#44), and Toy Story 3 (#8) all in the top 50 highest-grossing films of all time.
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Sacramento Valley
The Sacramento Valley is the portion of the California Central Valley that lies to the north of the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta in the U.S. state of California. It encompasses all or parts of ten counties.
The Sacramento River and its tributaries dominate the geography of the Sacramento Valley. Rising in the various mountain ranges (the various Northern Coast Ranges to the west, the southern Siskiyou Mountains to the north, and the northern Sierra Nevada to the east) that define the shape of the valley, they provide water for agricultural, industrial, residential, and recreation uses. Most of the rivers are heavily dammed and diverted.
The terrain of the Sacramento Valley is primarily flat grasslands that become lusher as one moves east from the rain shadow of the Coast Ranges toward the Sierras. Unlike the San Joaquin Valley, which in its pre-irrigation state was a vegetation-hostile desert, the somewhat less arid Sacramento Valley had significant tracts of forest prior to the arrival of settlers of European ancestry. Most of it was cut down during the California Gold Rush and the ensuing wave of white American settlement. Although there are still some heavily tree-populated areas such as the greater Sacramento area.
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San Diego
San Diego /ˌsæn diːˈeɪɡoʊ/ is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest city in California. The city is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexican border. The birthplace of California, San Diego is known for its mild year-round climate, natural deep-water harbor, extensive beaches, long association with the U.S. Navy, and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology enclave. The population was 1,301,617 at the 2010 census.
Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The Presidio and Mission of San Diego, founded in 1769, were the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of newly independent Mexico, and in 1850, became part of the United States following the Mexican-American War and the admission of California to the union.
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San Fernando Valley
The San Fernando Valley (locally known as "The Valley") is an urbanized valley located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of southern California, United States, defined by the dramatic mountains of the Transverse Ranges circling it. Home to 1.76 million people, it lies north of the larger and more populous Los Angeles Basin.
Nearly two thirds of the Valley's land area is part of the city of Los Angeles. The other incorporated cities in the valley are Burbank, Glendale, San Fernando, Hidden Hills and Calabasas.
The San Fernando Valley is about 260 square miles (670 km2) bounded by the Santa Susana Mountains to the northwest, the Simi Hills to the west, the Santa Monica Mountains and Chalk Hills to the south, the Verdugo Mountains to the east, and the San Gabriel Mountains to the northeast. The northern Sierra Pelona Mountains, northwestern Topatopa Mountains, southern Santa Ana Mountains, and Downtown Los Angeles skyscrapers can be seen from higher neighborhoods, passes, and parks in the San Fernando Valley.
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San Francisco
San Francisco (/ˌsæn frənˈsɪskoʊ/), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the financial, cultural, and transportation center of the San Francisco Bay Area, a region of 7.6 million people which includes San Jose and Oakland. The only consolidated city-county in California, it encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,179 people per square mile (6,632 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated large city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California and the 13th most populous city in the United States, with a population of 805,235 as of the 2010 Census. The San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont metropolitan area has a population of 4,335,391.
In 1776, colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for Francis of Assisi a few miles away. The California Gold Rush of 1849 propelled the city into a period of rapid growth, increasing the population in one year from 1,000 to 25,000, and thus transforming it into the largest city on the West Coast at the time. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States.
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San Joaquin Valley
The San Joaquin Valley /ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ is the area of the Central Valley of California that lies south of the Sacramento – San Joaquin River Delta in Stockton. Although most of the valley is rural, it does contain MSAs (urban cities and suburbs) such as Delano, Fresno, Bakersfield, Stockton, Modesto, Visalia, Porterville, Merced, Madera, and Hanford.
The San Joaquin Valley extends from the Sacramento – San Joaquin River Delta in the north to the Tehachapi Mountains in the south, and from the various California coastal ranges (from the Diablo Range in the north to the Temblor Range in the south) in the west to the Sierra Nevada in the east. Unlike the Sacramento Valley, the river system for which the San Joaquin Valley is named does not extend very far along the valley. Most of the valley south of Fresno instead drains into Tulare Lake, which no longer exists continuously due to diversion of its sources. The valley's primary river is the San Joaquin, which drains north through about half of the valley into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. The Kings, and Kern rivers are in the southern endorheic basin of the valley, all of which have been largely diverted for agricultural uses and are mostly dry in their lower reaches.
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San Leandro Bay
San Leandro Bay is a body of water in the San Francisco Bay. It is connected to the Oakland Estuary today, but was originally separated by land which formerly connected Alameda with Oakland. It is located along the east of the Oakland International Airport and Bay Farm Island. The principal stream which flows into San Leandro Bay is San Leandro Creek. Damon Marsh is located there.
Coordinates: 37°45′07″N 122°13′16″W / 37.752°N 122.221°W / 37.752; -122.221
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San Pablo Bay
San Pablo Bay is a tidal estuary that forms the northern extension of San Francisco Bay in northern California in the United States. Most of the Bay is shallow; however, there is a deep water channel approximately in mid bay, which allows access to Sacramento, Stockton, Benicia, Martinez, and other smaller Delta ports.
It receives the waters of the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, via Suisun Bay and the Carquinez Strait on its northeast end, and it connects to the Pacific Ocean via the San Francisco Bay on its southern end. The bay is heavily silted from the contributions of the two rivers, which themselves drain most of the Central Valley of California. San Pablo Bay also receives the waters of Sonoma Creek through the Napa Sonoma Marsh, San Rafael Creek, and the Petaluma River directly, and the Napa River which flows into the Carquinez Strait via the Mare Island Strait near its entrance into the bay. All tributaries except for Sonoma Creek are commercially navigable and maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
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Sandré Swanson
Sandré Swanson (born November 28, 1948) was elected to the California State Assembly in November 2006. Mr. Swanson represents the 16th Assembly District. The district includes the cities of Alameda, Oakland, and Piedmont. Swanson previously served as Chief of Staff to Congresswoman Barbara Lee, he was also district director and a Senior Policy Advisor to then Congressman Ron Dellums. Swanson is a Democrat. Swanson endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2008 presidential election.
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Santa Clara Valley
The Santa Clara Valley (also known as Silicon Valley) is a valley just south of the San Francisco Bay in Northern California in the United States. Much of Santa Clara County and its county seat, San José, are in the Santa Clara Valley. The valley was originally known as the Valley of Heart’s Delight for its high concentration of orchards, flowering trees, and plants. Until the 1960s it was the largest fruit production and packing region in the world, with 39 canneries. Once primarily agricultural because of its highly fertile soil, it is now largely urbanized, although its far southern reaches south of Gilroy remain rural. Silicon Valley is roughly coterminous with the Santa Clara Valley, although since the former is as much a state of mind as an actual location, people often refer to parts of the San Francisco Peninsula as being part of Silicon Valley as well. Locally, the Santa Clara Valley is also referred to as the "South Bay." Few traces of its agricultural past can still be found, but the Santa Clara Valley American Viticultural Area remains a large wine-making region. It is the first commercial wine-producing region in California (and possibly the United States), utilizing high-quality French varietal vines imported from France.
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Santa Clarita Valley
The Santa Clarita Valley is the valley of the Santa Clara River in Southern California. It stretches through Los Angeles County and Ventura County. Its main population center is the city of Santa Clarita. The valley was part of the 48,612-acre (19,673 ha) Rancho San Francisco Mexican land grant. Some of the communities within the SCV include the city of Santa Clarita, which is made up of Canyon Country, Newhall, Saugus, and Valencia. Adjacent unincorporated communities include Castaic, Stevenson Ranch, Sunset Pointe, Tesoro, Val Verde, Westridge and the new master planned community of Newhall Ranch.
Downstream of Santa Clarita, the valley is called Heritage Valley, consisting of Piru, Fillmore, and Santa Paula. The upstream portion is called Soledad Canyon which contains the communities of Vincent, Acton, Ravenna, and Agua Dulce.
The internationally renowned California Institute of the Arts, commonly referred to as CalArts, is located in Santa Clarita Valley in Valencia.
College of the Canyons is a public two-year community college that operates within the Santa Clarita Community College District. The college is located on 153.4 acres (62.1 ha) of rolling, tree-dotted hills in the incorporated city of Santa Clarita in northern Los Angeles County, California. The college’s address is: 26455 Rockwell Canyon Road, Santa Clarita, CA 91355. Dr. Dianne G. Van Hook is president of the college and chancellor of the Santa Clarita Community College District. She has headed the college and district since 1988.
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Santa Rita Jail
Coordinates: 37°43′2.17″N 121°53′16.53″W / 37.7172694°N 121.887925°W / 37.7172694; -121.887925
Santa Rita Jail is a county jail located in Dublin, Alameda County, California adjacent to the Camp Parks Reserve Forces Training Area, and operated by the Alameda County Sheriff's Office. Santa Rita houses the majority of persons arrested in Alameda County, which occupies most of the East San Francisco Bay Area and includes the cities of Oakland, Berkeley, San Leandro and Alameda.
The original Santa Rita Jail was constructed in 1947 on a retired WWII training base near the current site. By 1983, overcrowding had become an issue, and plans were established for the construction of the current $172 million facility, which opened in 1989. Funding for the jail's construction was obtained through state bonds as well as local county matching funds.
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Silicon Valley
Silicon Valley refers to the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California in the United States. The region is home to many of the world's largest technology corporations. The term originally referred to the region's large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually came to refer to all the high-tech businesses in the area; it is now generally used as a metonym for the American high-tech sector. Despite the development of other high-tech economic centers throughout the United States and the world, Silicon Valley continues to be the leading hub for high-tech innovation and development, accounting for one-third (1/3) of all of the venture capital investment in the United States. Geographically, the Silicon Valley encompasses all of the Santa Clara Valley including the city of San Jose (and adjacent communities), the southern Peninsula Valley, and the southern East Bay.
The term Silicon Valley was coined by Ralph Vaerst, a successful Central California entrepreneur. Its first published use is credited to Don Hoefler, a friend of Vaerst's, who used the phrase as the title of a series of articles in the weekly trade newspaper Electronic News. The series, entitled "Silicon Valley in the USA," began in the paper's issue dated January 11, 1971. Valley refers to the Santa Clara Valley, located at the southern end of San Francisco Bay, while Silicon refers to the high concentration of companies involved in the semiconductor (silicon is used to create most semiconductors commercially) and computer industries that were concentrated in the area. These firms slowly replaced the orchards which gave the area its initial nickname, the Valley of Heart's Delight.
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Southern California
Southern California (SoCal) is a megaregion, or megapolitan area, in the southern area of the U.S. state of California. Large urban areas include Greater Los Angeles and Greater San Diego. The urban area stretches along the coast from Ventura through the Southland and Inland Empire to San Diego. The United States - Mexico border makes up the southern border. Southern California is a major economic center for the state of California and the nation.
Southern California's population encompasses five metropolitan, or MSA, areas: Los Angeles County and Orange County together make up the Los Angeles metropolitan area; the Inland Empire consists of such cities as Riverside, Ontario, and San Bernardino; the San Diego metropolitan area; the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura metro area; and the El Centro area. Out of these, three are heavy populated areas; the Los Angeles area with over 12 million inhabitants, the Riverside-San Bernardino area with over 4 million inhabitants, and the San Diego area with over 3 million inhabitants. For CSA metropolitan purposes, the five counties of Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura are all combined to make up the Los Angeles metropolitan area; with San Diego as Southern California's other CSA metropolitan area. With over 22 million people, roughly 60% of California's population resides in Southern California.
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Tilden Regional Park
Coordinates: 37°53′41″N 122°14′30″W / 37.8946474°N 122.2416352°W / 37.8946474; -122.2416352
Tilden Regional Park, also known as "Tilden" ( /ˈtɪldən/), is a 2,079-acre (841 ha) regional park in the East Bay, part of the San Francisco Bay Area in California. It is situated between the Berkeley Hills and San Pablo Ridge.
Tilden Regional Park was named in honor of Charles Lee Tilden, a Bay Area attorney and businessman who purchased much of the land in order to preserve remaining wilderness areas for public enjoyment. Tilden also served on the first Board of Directors of the East Bay Regional Park District.
The park is managed by the East Bay Regional Park District, created from the first land the district purchased in 1936. It is largely located within unincorporated areas of Contra Costa County. An AC Transit bus from the Berkeley BART station runs into the park on weekends. Its steep valleys and dense stands of timber offer a rare wilderness experience so close to the city. Its high ridges and peaks give wide views over the San Francisco Bay and inland across other preserved land to Mount Diablo.
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Tomales Bay
Tomales Bay is a long narrow inlet of the Pacific Ocean in Marin County in northern California in the United States. It is approximately 15 miles (25 km) long and averages nearly 1.0 miles (1.6 km) wide, effectively separating the Point Reyes Peninsula from the mainland of Marin County. It is located approximately 30 miles (48 km) northwest of San Francisco. The bay forms the eastern boundary of Point Reyes National Seashore. Tomales Bay is recognized for protection by the California Bays and Estuaries Policy. On its northern end it opens out onto Bodega Bay, which shelters it from the direct current of the Pacific. The bay is formed along a submerged portion of the San Andreas Fault.
Oyster farming is a major industry on the bay. The two largest producers are Tomales Bay Oyster Co and Hog Island Oyster Co, both of which retail oysters to the public and have picnic grounds on the east shore. Hillsides east of Tomales Bay are grazed by cows belonging to local dairies. There is also grazing land west of the bay, on farms and ranches leased from Point Reyes National Seashore.
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United States
The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries. The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity). Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.
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Barbara Lee
Barbara Jean Lee (born July 16, 1946) is the U.S. Representative for California's 9th congressional district, serving since 1998. She is a member of the Democratic Party. She is the first woman to represent that district. Lee was the Chair of the Congressional Black Caucus and was the Co-Chair of the Congressional Progressive Caucus. Lee is notable as the only member of either house of Congress to vote against the authorization of use of force following the September 11, 2001 attacks. This made her a hero among many in the anti-war movement. Lee has been a vocal critic of the war in Iraq and supports legislation creating a Department of Peace.
Congresswoman Lee was born in El Paso, Texas. She moved from Texas to California in 1960 with her military family parents, and attended San Fernando High School in San Fernando, California. She was a young single mother of two receiving public assistance when she began attending college. Lee was educated at Mills College and received an M.S.W. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1975.
wn.com/Barbara_Lee -
Bill Lockyer
William Westwood "Bill" Lockyer (born May 8, 1941) is an American politician. He is the now the 32nd State Treasurer of California, elected in 2006 and re-elected in 2010. He has also served as California Attorney General and President Pro Tempore of the California State Senate. Lockyer, who has held elective office since 1973, is not able to run for a third term as Treasurer in 2014, due to term limits in California.
Described by journalistic observers as one of California's most "colorful" politicians, Lockyer has long been known to speak with a frankness that has occasionally caused political embarrassment.
Lockyer attended the University of California, Berkeley, graduating with a BA in Political Science in 1965. While in school, Lockyer founded the Cal Berkeley Democrats.[citation needed] His first job was a public school history teacher.
Lockyer began his political career as a School Board member of the San Leandro Unified School District, as chair of the Alameda County Democratic Central Committee, and California coordinator of Senator George McGovern's 1972 campaign for the Presidency.
wn.com/Bill_Lockyer -
Bob Wieckowski
Bob Wieckowski is an American attorney and politician in California. He was elected November 2, 2010 to the California State Assembly to represent the 20th District, which includes the cities of Fremont, Newark, Union City, and Milpitas, as well as portions of San Jose, Pleasanton, Hayward, and Castro Valley. Wieckowski previously served as vice-mayor of Fremont, and was a member of their city council.
Wieckowski attended the University of California, Berkeley where he earned a bachelor of art before attended law school at Santa Clara University School of Law where he earned a juris doctorate. Following law school he worked in bankruptcy law at The Law Offices of Robert A. Wieckowski. He also worked as a legislative aide to United States Congressman Don Edwards. Wieckowski resides in Fremont with Sue Lemke, and her two sons, Evan and Luke.
wn.com/Bob_Wieckowski -
Debra Bowen
Debra Lynn Bowen (born October 27, 1955), a member of the Democratic Party, has been Secretary of State of California since January 8, 2007. Before that she was a member of the California State Legislature from 1992 to 2006. In March 2008, she was given the Profile in Courage Award by the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum. Bowen is unable to run for a third term in 2014 due to term limits.
Bowen was born and raised in Rockford, Illinois, where she graduated from Guilford High School in 1973. She received her bachelor's degree in 1976 from Michigan State University, and her Juris Doctor in 1979 from the University of Virginia School of Law. In 1984, she started her own California law firm.
Bowen began her career in politics on the Neighborhood Watch and Heal the Bay. Her first elected office was to the California State Assembly, where she represented the 53rd Assembly District in the South Bay area from 1992 to 1998. Bowen was first elected to the California State Senate, representing the 28th State Senate District, in 1998. Her district included all or portions of the cities of Carson, El Segundo, Hermosa Beach, Lomita, Los Angeles, Long Beach, Manhattan Beach, Redondo Beach, Torrance, Venice, and Wilmington. Bowen chaired the California Senate's Committee on Elections, Reapportionment and Constitutional Amendments. She also sat on the Energy, Utilities & Communications and Rules committees. Due to term limits, her service in the Senate ended in December 2006.
wn.com/Debra_Bowen -
Gavin Newsom
Gavin Christopher Newsom (born October 10, 1967) is an American politician who is the 49th and current Lieutenant Governor of California. Previously, he was the 42nd Mayor of San Francisco, and was elected in 2003 to succeed Willie Brown, becoming San Francisco's youngest mayor in 100 years. Newsom was re-elected in 2007 with 72 percent of the vote. In 2010, Samepoint released a study that measured the social media influence of mayors around the country, and ranking the top 100 most social mayors. San Francisco's Mayor Gavin Newsom was named the Most Social Mayor in America according to the Samepoint study.
Newsom graduated from Redwood High School in Larkspur, California, in 1985, and in 1989 from Santa Clara University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science. His PlumpJack Wine Shop, founded in 1992, grew into a multimillion-dollar enterprise, and now includes bars, restaurants, and a Lake Tahoe hotel called Squaw Valley Inn. He was first appointed by Willie Brown to serve on San Francisco's Parking and Traffic Commission in 1996, and was appointed the following year as Supervisor. Newsom drew voter attention with his Care Not Cash program, designed to move homeless people into city assisted care. He defeated the Green Party's Matt Gonzalez 53% to 47% in a run-off in his race for mayor in 2003, becoming the youngest mayor of San Francisco since John W. Geary.
wn.com/Gavin_Newsom -
Jerry Brown
Edmund Gerald "Jerry" Brown, Jr. (born April 7, 1938) is an American politician. Brown served as the 34th Governor of California (1975–83), and is currently serving as the 39th California Governor (2011–present). He is the son of Pat Brown, the 32nd Governor of California (1959–67).
Both before and after his first two terms as governor, Brown was elected to a number of state, local and party offices. Brown previously served as a member of the Los Angeles Community College District Board of Trustees (1969–1971), Secretary of State of California (1971–1975), chairman of the California Democratic Party (1989–1991), Mayor of Oakland (1999–2007) and Attorney General of California (2007–2011).
At the time of his election to a third, non-consecutive term as governor, on November 2, 2010, Brown was serving as the 31st Attorney General of California, an elected position. Brown was formally inaugurated as governor on January 3, 2011, the 28th anniversary of the end of his last term. During his first term (as California's 34th Governor), he was the sixth-youngest Governor of that state. Upon his inauguration as California's 39th Governor, he became its oldest serving governor. At the age of 74, Brown is also the oldest currently serving governor in the United States.
wn.com/Jerry_Brown -
Jerry McNerney
Gerald "Jerry" McNerney, PhD (born June 18, 1951) is an engineer, energy specialist, and the U.S. Representative for California's 11th congressional district, serving since 2007. He is a member of the Democratic Party. The district includes parts of San Joaquin County in the Central Valley as well as parts of Contra Costa, Alameda and Santa Clara counties in the Bay Area.
McNerney holds a Ph.D in mathematics.
Jerry McNerney was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico. He attended St. Joseph's Military Academy in Hays, Kansas, and, for two years, the United States Military Academy at West Point. After leaving West Point in 1971 in protest of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War, he enrolled at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque, where he received Bachelor's and Master's degrees and, in 1981, a Ph.D. in Mathematics, with a doctoral dissertation in differential geometry.
McNerney served several years as a contractor to Sandia National Laboratories at Kirtland Air Force Base, on national security programs. In 1985, he accepted a senior engineering position with U.S. Windpower (Kenetech); and, in 1994, he began working as an energy consultant for PG&E, FloWind, The Electric Power Research Institute, and other utility companies. Before being elected to Congress, Jerry served as the CEO of a 2004 start-up company manufacturing wind turbines, named HAWT Power (Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Power). A 1992 article that he co-authored in an IEEE journal is a good example of his writings during this period.
wn.com/Jerry_McNerney -
Joan Buchanan
Joan T. Buchanan (born October 4, 1952) is a Democratic public official and former school board member from Alamo, California. She has been a member of the California State Assembly since December 2008. In September 2009, Buchanan lost a bid to succeed Ellen Tauscher in the US Congress.
Buchanan graduated from UC Santa Barbara.
Before the age of 30, she retired from the private sector, after obtaining the position of Director of Commercial Operations at Delta Dental.
While raising her five children locally, Buchanan served for 20 years on the San Ramon Valley School Board, including 4 terms as president. Buchanan’s budgeting and organizational development led to SRVUSD being ranked among the top 5% of all school districts in California. Over 94% of the district’s graduating seniors attend college.
Buchanan also served as Vice-President of the San Ramon Valley School Age Child Care Alliance and helped bring childcare services to San Ramon elementary schools. In addition, she successfully led the 1994 “No on Vouchers” campaign to preserve funds for public schools.
wn.com/Joan_Buchanan -
John Garamendi
John Raymond Garamendi (born January 24, 1945) is an American politician and the U.S. Representative for California's 10th congressional district, serving since November 2009. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Garamendi was the California State Insurance Commissioner from 1991 to 1995, the U.S. Deputy Secretary of the Interior from 1995 to 1998, and the California State Insurance Commissioner again from 2003 to 2007. He then served as the 46th Lieutenant Governor of California from January 8, 2007 until he was elected to Congress in November 2009.
Garamendi was temporarily a candidate for Governor of California in the 2010 election after announcing his candidacy on July 31, 2008. However, he suspended his candidacy on April 29, 2009, to run for Congress in the 10th congressional district. This seat was vacated by Ellen Tauscher, who resigned to become Undersecretary of State for Arms Control and International Security. Garamendi won the Democratic Party nomination in the primary election for the seat on September 1 and then won the special election on November 3, 2009. Garamendi was re-elected to a full term in 2010.
wn.com/John_Garamendi -
John Kerry
John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts, the 10th most senior United States Senator and chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. He was the presidential nominee of the Democratic Party in the 2004 presidential election, but lost to then President George W. Bush.
The son of an Army Air Corps serviceman, Kerry was born in Aurora, Colorado. He attended boarding school in Massachusetts and New Hampshire and went on to graduate from Yale University class of 1966, where he majored in political science. He enlisted in the Naval Reserve in 1966 and, during 1968-1969, served a four-month tour of duty in South Vietnam as officer-in-charge (OIC) of a Swift Boat. For that service he was awarded several combat medals that include the Silver Star, Bronze Star, and three Purple Hearts. After returning to the United States, Kerry joined the Vietnam Veterans Against the War in which he served as a nationally recognized spokesperson and as an outspoken opponent of the Vietnam war. During that period, he appeared before the Senate Committee on Foreign Affairs where he deemed United States war policy in Vietnam to be the cause of "war crimes".
wn.com/John_Kerry -
Kamala Harris
Kamala Devi Harris (born October 20, 1964) is an American attorney. She is the 32nd and current Attorney General of California following the 2010 California state elections. Harris has worked as an author and a politician and served as District Attorney of San Francisco from 2004 to 2011. First elected in 2003, defeating incumbent district attorney Terence Hallinan, she was re-elected in 2007. Harris is the first female,African-American and Asian American attorney general in California as well as the first ethnic Indian American attorney general in the United States.
Harris was born in Oakland, California. She is the daughter of a Tamil mother, Dr. Shyamala Gopalan—a breast cancer specialist who immigrated to the United States from Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India in 1960—and a Jamaican American father, Stanford University economics professor Donald Harris. She has one younger sister, Maya Harris. While the Harris sisters grew up in a household that blended Hindu and Baptist teachings, she is currently a practicing Baptist.
wn.com/Kamala_Harris -
Keith Carson
Keith Carson is a member of the Alameda County Board of Supervisors in Alameda County, California for District 5. Carson has served on the board of supervisors in Alameda County, California since 1993, after being subsequently re-elected in 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2010.
Carson is a native of Berkeley, CA. After attending Berkeley High School, Carson attended Merritt College. He transferred to UC Berkeley from 1969-1971 where he graduated with a Bachelor's of Arts degree in Social Sciences. Carson went on to receive his Masters Degree in Public Administration from California State University, Hayward (now California State University, East Bay. Carson and his wife, Maria, have two children and three grandchildren.
He represents the Fifth District which includes the cities of Albany, Berkeley, Emeryville, Piedmont, and the West Oakland, North Oakland, Rockridge, Grand Lake, Fruitvale, and Dimond District neighborhoods.
Carson is chair of the Alameda County East Bay Economic Development Alliance (East Bay EDA) and the Finance Committee for the Bay Area World Trade Center (BAWTC). He is also a member of the Board of Directors for the California State Association of Counties (CSAC), the statewide organization representing supervisors in the state's 58 counties. He also served on the Alameda County Transportation Improvement Authority (ACTIA), before the body was merged with the Alameda County Congestion Management Agency. He now serves on the new Alameda County Transportation Commission.
wn.com/Keith_Carson -
Loni Hancock
Loni Hancock is currently serving in her first term as the representative of California State Senate District 9. The 9th Senate District currently includes Alameda, Albany, Berkeley, Castro Valley, Dublin, El Sobrante, Emeryville, Livermore, Oakland, Piedmont, Richmond, and San Pablo. She previously served as a member of the California State Assembly, representing the 14th Assembly District from 2002 to 2008, and as the mayor of Berkeley, California from 1986 to 1994. Hancock is a member of the Democratic Party. She has a B.A. from Ithaca College. Hancock has lived in Berkeley since 1964 and is married to Berkeley Mayor and former District 14 California State Assemblymember Tom Bates. She has two children, two stepchildren from Bates' previous marriage, and seven grandchildren.
Hancock served Berkeley as a member of the city council from 1971 to 1979. One of Hancock's achievements as a member of the council was the preservation of the Berkeley marina from development. She helped conduct a study by a group of students from the University of California at Berkeley that showed that major development in the marina area would threaten the wildlife in the area.
wn.com/Loni_Hancock -
Mary Hayashi
Mary Hayashi ("Hayashi" is married surname, born August 13, 1966) was elected to the California State Assembly in 2006. She was re-elected in 2008 and 2010. She is a Democrat. She represents the 18th Assembly District which includes San Leandro, Hayward, Dublin and the unincorporated areas of Ashland, Cherryland, and San Lorenzo. She also represents most of Castro Valley, Pleasanton and a portion of Oakland. She is also a convincted thief.
Hayashi, who was born in Kwangju, South Korea, is the first Korean-American woman elected to the California state legislature.
Her primary legislative interest is health care, and she has been named Legislator of the Year by the California Medical Association. In 2011, she authored AB 25, which requires a school district to immediately remove an athlete from a school-sponsored athletic activity if he or she is suspected of sustaining a concussion or head injury. The bill was signed into law by Governor Brown. AB 25 prohibits the return of the student until he or she is evaluated by, and receives written clearance from, a licensed health care provider. In addition, the bill requires a concussion and head injury information sheet to be signed and returned by that athlete and their parent or guardian before the first practice or competition.
wn.com/Mary_Hayashi -
Pete Stark
Fortney Hillman "Pete" Stark, Jr. (born November 11, 1931) is the U.S. Representative for California's 13th congressional district, serving since 1973. He is a member of the Democratic Party. Currently he is the 5th most senior Representative, as well as 6th most senior member of Congress overall. He is also the dean of California's 55-member Congressional delegation. His district lies in southwestern Alameda County and includes Alameda, Union City, Hayward, Newark, San Leandro and Fremont, as well as parts of Oakland and Pleasanton.
Stark was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in general engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1953. He served in the United States Air Force from 1955 to 1957. After leaving the Air Force, Stark attended the Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley, and received his MBA in 1960. Stark enjoyed living in the Bay Area so much that he decided to settle there after graduating.[citation needed]
wn.com/Pete_Stark -
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan (
/ˈrɒnəld ˈwɪlsən ˈreɪɡən/; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States, serving from 1981 to 1989. Prior to that, he was the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975 and a radio, film and television actor.
Born in Tampico, Illinois and raised in Dixon, Reagan was educated at Eureka College, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and sociology. After his graduation, Reagan moved first to Iowa to work as a radio broadcaster and then in to Los Angeles in 1937 where he began a career as an actor, first in films and later television. Some of his most notable films include Knute Rockne, All American, Kings Row, and Bedtime for Bonzo. Reagan served as president of the Screen Actors Guild, and later as a spokesman for General Electric (GE); his start in politics occurred during his work for GE. Originally a member of the Democratic Party, his positions began shifting rightward in the late 1950s, and he switched to the Republican Party in 1962. After delivering a rousing speech in support of Barry Goldwater's presidential candidacy in 1964, he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning two years later and again in 1970. He was defeated in his run for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 as well as 1976, but won both the nomination and general election in 1980, defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter.
wn.com/Ronald_Reagan -
Sandré Swanson
Sandré Swanson (born November 28, 1948) was elected to the California State Assembly in November 2006. Mr. Swanson represents the 16th Assembly District. The district includes the cities of Alameda, Oakland, and Piedmont. Swanson previously served as Chief of Staff to Congresswoman Barbara Lee, he was also district director and a Senior Policy Advisor to then Congressman Ron Dellums. Swanson is a Democrat. Swanson endorsed Hillary Clinton in the 2008 presidential election.
wn.com/Sandré_Swanson -
Tom Orloff
Thomas Jensen Orloff is the retired district attorney for Alameda County, California.
Orloff began work in the DA's office after graduating Boalt Hall in 1970, trying 25 murder cases before becoming Chief Assistant DA in 1989. When District Attorney Jack Meehan retired in 1994, Orloff ran unopposed for the position, and was reelected in unopposed elections in 1998, 2002, and 2006. On September 8, 2009, Orloff announced his intention to retire. He retired on September 18, 2009.
Orloff's grandfather was a mayor of Pleasanton, where Orloff was born.
Orloff's office found itself in the middle of controversy in early 2009 over its pending decision whether to charge a crime in the BART Police shooting of Oscar Grant. Though Orloff charged Johannes Mehserle with murder, some activists complained that he took too long to do so. Criminal law expert and Boalt Hall Law School Professor Franklin Zimring, however, called Orloff's office one of the "better departments" in the United States.
Orloff unsuccessfully prosecuted the Oakland Riders police abuse case, dropping charges after two mistrials from hung juries.
wn.com/Tom_Orloff -
Walter Mondale
Walter Frederick "Fritz" Mondale (born January 5, 1928) is an American Democratic Party politician who served as the 42nd Vice President of the United States (1977–1981) under President Jimmy Carter, and as a United States Senator from Minnesota (1964–1976). He was the Democratic Party's presidential candidate in the United States presidential election of 1984.
Mondale was born in Ceylon, Minnesota and graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1951. He then served in the US Army in the Korean War before earning a law degree in 1956. He married Joan Adams in 1955. Working as a lawyer in Minneapolis, Mondale was elected to the position of attorney general in 1960. He was appointed US Senator in late 1964 as a member of the Democratic Party upon the resignation of Hubert Humphrey, and held that post until 1976. In the Senate, he supported fair housing, tax reform and the desegregation of schools.[not verified in body] He opposed United States involvement in the Vietnam War.[not verified in body]
wn.com/Walter_Mondale -
Wilma Chan
Wilma Chan (born October 5, 1949 in Boston, Massachusetts, Chinese: 陳煥瑛; pinyin: Chén Huànyīng) is a politician in California, currently serving on the Alameda County Board of Supervisors. Chan served as the California State Assembly Majority Leader from 2002–2004; she was the first woman and the first Asian American to hold the position. She also served as Assembly Majority Whip from 2001-2002. Chan is a Democrat. She represented the 16th District, which includes Oakland, Alameda, and Piedmont from 2000 to 2006 before being termed out. In June, Chan lost a Democratic Party primary election for the California State Senate District 9 seat that is now held by Senate President Pro Tem Don Perata, who will be termed out in 2008. Chan was a resident of Oakland for more than 20 years; she currently lives in Alameda. She is the mother of two grown children.
Chan holds a BA from Wellesley and a Master's Degree in Education Policy from the Stanford University School of Education.
Chan was elected to the Alameda County Board of Supervisors in 1994 and re-elected without opposition in 1998. She chaired the county’s committee on Health. She was the first Chair of the Alameda County Children and Families Commission that annually distributed $20 million for children's services. As a member of the Board of Supervisors, she worked to expand the number of school-based health clinics and worked to restore benefits to legal immigrants. She initiated a pilot welfare-to-work project in Oakland's San Antonio neighborhood, and developed the strategic plan on the future of health care services in Alameda County.
wn.com/Wilma_Chan
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Ustavil bi čas
- Ledena ptica
- (Še) 1000 kilometrov
- Reci, da si nora name
- Stara barka
- Srečna družina (Happy family)
- Moje hrepenenje
- Kraljica poročnega potovanja
- Travica
- 1000 kilometrov
- Vodnjak ljubezni
- Ne pozabi me (unplugged)
- Lopovi
- Moj dan
- Brezdomci
- Nisem avtomat
- Doktor
- Ni več razloga
- Moje sonce
- Svetniki
- Pot domov
- Zgodaj prepozno
- Veliki ideali
- Goloba
- Kdo smrdi
- Kid From California
- Rollin
- Higher Than This
- Is Everybody Happy
- Lost Highway
- Helpless
- Which Side of the Sun
- Back Then
- Harmony
- Precious
- Drifting
- Rocker Arm Reel
- A Walk in the Irish Rain
- Scissors, Paper & Stone
- My Sweet Blue-Eyed Darlin'
- Spurs
- A Farmer's Son
- California Traveler
- I'll Dry Every Tear That Falls
- Whiplash
- Sasquatch
- Uncle Pen
- Band of Angels
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Alameda County Sheriff's Bring M4 Assault Rifles to May Day Protests
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Updated: 27 Sep 2012
Two ACSO deputy's bring M4 Assault Rifles to Oakland City Hall for the May Day protests.
http://wn.com/Alameda_County_Sheriff's_Bring_M4_Assault_Rifles_to_May_Day_Protests
Two ACSO deputy's bring M4 Assault Rifles to Oakland City Hall for the May Day protests.
Water Rescue 12/23/12 Del Valle Reservoir
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 25 Dec 2012
PickUp Truck swept downstream while trying to cross a creek, stranding the driver in the middle of the swollen creek. Water Rescue team was deployed from Alameda County Fire Department and supported by Livermore Pleasanton FD and CHP. CHP helicopter made the rescue. Debris carried in the water and swiftness of the current was hampering efforts from the ground. CHP pilot/crew did an amazing job on this incident.
http://wn.com/Water_Rescue_12_23_12_Del_Valle_Reservoir
PickUp Truck swept downstream while trying to cross a creek, stranding the driver in the middle of the swollen creek. Water Rescue team was deployed from Alameda County Fire Department and supported by Livermore Pleasanton FD and CHP. CHP helicopter made the rescue. Debris carried in the water and swiftness of the current was hampering efforts from the ground. CHP pilot/crew did an amazing job on this incident.
- published: 24 Dec 2012
- views: 2717
- author: AlamedaCountyFire
ONE BAY AREA: Alameda County, Dublin, California. ANGRY citizens face-off against local Government
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 147:57
- Updated: 25 Nov 2012
In April and May of 2011 One Bay Area had hosted "public input" meetings and an additional set of in January 2012 to showcase their vision and to solicit public feedback. This is one of those meetings. 1:26:07 Mimi Steel 1:39:13 Doug Buckwald 1:45:16 Heather Gass 1:47:58 Steve Finacom 2:18:35 Scott Haggerty Lead by Heather Gass, concerned citizens were irate with this proposed plan and the unfair and manipulative manor in which the meetings are conducted - known as the "Delphi Technique". Agenda 21 is the Master Plan put forth by the United Nations in 1992 and adopted by President Bill Clinton. Agenda 21 is a green initiative which targets cars and people living outside from cities who must commute. Their goal is to develop large, congested city centers for people to reside, and provide mass transit for the city dwellers to commute to work. It also targets large parcels of land in the world, including the United States, to be redistricted to "open space land", thereby making it undevelopable. Agenda 21 was readily adopted in California by liberal politicians, specifically in the San Francisco Bay Area, under the name "Plan Bay Area". Plan Bay Area's goal is to develop large congested downtown metro areas, with shops, stores, theaters, and mass high rise housing. They aim to get people out of their private suburban residences and cars, and warehouse them in these large metro areas. These areas will also house California's large illegal immigrant population. Video Produced ...
http://wn.com/ONE_BAY_AREA_Alameda_County,_Dublin,_California_ANGRY_citizens_face-off_against_local_Government
In April and May of 2011 One Bay Area had hosted "public input" meetings and an additional set of in January 2012 to showcase their vision and to solicit public feedback. This is one of those meetings. 1:26:07 Mimi Steel 1:39:13 Doug Buckwald 1:45:16 Heather Gass 1:47:58 Steve Finacom 2:18:35 Scott Haggerty Lead by Heather Gass, concerned citizens were irate with this proposed plan and the unfair and manipulative manor in which the meetings are conducted - known as the "Delphi Technique". Agenda 21 is the Master Plan put forth by the United Nations in 1992 and adopted by President Bill Clinton. Agenda 21 is a green initiative which targets cars and people living outside from cities who must commute. Their goal is to develop large, congested city centers for people to reside, and provide mass transit for the city dwellers to commute to work. It also targets large parcels of land in the world, including the United States, to be redistricted to "open space land", thereby making it undevelopable. Agenda 21 was readily adopted in California by liberal politicians, specifically in the San Francisco Bay Area, under the name "Plan Bay Area". Plan Bay Area's goal is to develop large congested downtown metro areas, with shops, stores, theaters, and mass high rise housing. They aim to get people out of their private suburban residences and cars, and warehouse them in these large metro areas. These areas will also house California's large illegal immigrant population. Video Produced ...
- published: 17 Jan 2012
- views: 3093
- author: TeaPartyTelevision
Grateful Dead 5-27-89 Oakland Alameda County Coliseum Stadium Oakland CA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 76:42
- Updated: 23 Dec 2012
Setlist: Set 1 Touch Of Grey Greatest Story Ever Told Althea Walkin' Blues Iko Iko * Stuck Inside Of Mobile With The Memphis Blues Again * Bird Song * The Promised Land * Set 2 Fire On The Mountain * Truckin' * * with Clarence Clemons on saxophone AIDS Benefit Show
http://wn.com/Grateful_Dead_5-27-89_Oakland_Alameda_County_Coliseum_Stadium_Oakland_CA
Setlist: Set 1 Touch Of Grey Greatest Story Ever Told Althea Walkin' Blues Iko Iko * Stuck Inside Of Mobile With The Memphis Blues Again * Bird Song * The Promised Land * Set 2 Fire On The Mountain * Truckin' * * with Clarence Clemons on saxophone AIDS Benefit Show
- published: 20 Sep 2011
- views: 4634
- author: voodoonola
Save Adult Day Health Care in California
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 22 Mar 2012
Stop the elimination of Adult Day Health Care. More than 250 people, including Assemblymember Nancy Skinner, Supervisor Wilma Chan, ADHC participants and families attend Alameda County rally opposing ADHC elimination. Call the Governor at 916-445-2841 and tell him to stop the elimination of Adult Day Health Care. This video was produced thanks to videographer Mark Lampkin in collaboration with Senior Services Coalition and the Adult Day Services Network of Alameda County.
http://wn.com/Save_Adult_Day_Health_Care_in_California
Stop the elimination of Adult Day Health Care. More than 250 people, including Assemblymember Nancy Skinner, Supervisor Wilma Chan, ADHC participants and families attend Alameda County rally opposing ADHC elimination. Call the Governor at 916-445-2841 and tell him to stop the elimination of Adult Day Health Care. This video was produced thanks to videographer Mark Lampkin in collaboration with Senior Services Coalition and the Adult Day Services Network of Alameda County.
- published: 07 Nov 2011
- views: 625
- author: ADSNAC
David Mac Donald Alameda County Registrar Of Voters On Oakland Mayor's Race
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Updated: 10 Feb 2012
zennie2005.blogspot.com - David Mac Donald Alameda County Registrar Of Voters On Oakland Mayor's Race. Update. Jean Quan is Oakland's Mayor Elect due to Ranked Choice Voting
http://wn.com/David_Mac_Donald_Alameda_County_Registrar_Of_Voters_On_Oakland_Mayor's_Race
zennie2005.blogspot.com - David Mac Donald Alameda County Registrar Of Voters On Oakland Mayor's Race. Update. Jean Quan is Oakland's Mayor Elect due to Ranked Choice Voting
- published: 09 Nov 2010
- views: 2188
- author: zennie62
Alameda County Probation Department
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:22
- Updated: 30 Dec 2011
Video about the opening of Alameda County's new Juvenile Justice Center in San Leandro, California. Produced by Doug Harris
http://wn.com/Alameda_County_Probation_Department
Video about the opening of Alameda County's new Juvenile Justice Center in San Leandro, California. Produced by Doug Harris
- published: 28 Nov 2010
- views: 565
- author: doug5271
Alameda County Fire Chief Sheldon Gilbert Speaks at Ceremony
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:44
- Updated: 26 Aug 2010
Alameda County Fire Chief Sheldon Gilbert Speaks at the unveiling of a public safety monument in San Leandro on November 3, 2007.
http://wn.com/Alameda_County_Fire_Chief_Sheldon_Gilbert_Speaks_at_Ceremony
Alameda County Fire Chief Sheldon Gilbert Speaks at the unveiling of a public safety monument in San Leandro on November 3, 2007.
- published: 05 Nov 2007
- views: 1363
- author: slbytes
Cream - Live in Alameda County, Oakland 1968 (Full CD bootleg)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 56:41
- Updated: 28 Dec 2012
Cream - England's No.1 Concert Group Alameda County, Oakland, CA 1968-10-04 Tracks speed up to avoid YouTube copyright claims detection. I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING.
http://wn.com/Cream_Live_in_Alameda_County,_Oakland_1968_Full_CD_bootleg
Cream - England's No.1 Concert Group Alameda County, Oakland, CA 1968-10-04 Tracks speed up to avoid YouTube copyright claims detection. I DO NOT OWN ANYTHING.
- published: 29 Jun 2012
- views: 18897
- author: don millen
Alameda County's Greenest Building Recognized
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:19
- Updated: 10 Sep 2009
On August 7, 2008, Senator Barbara Boxer presented her Conservation Champion Award to the County of Alameda for its sustainability initiatives. The Senator presented the award during a tour of the County's US Green Building Council LEED® Gold certified Juvenile Justice Center, which features an 850-kilowatt solar system, water and energy efficient fixtures, and water-wise landscaping. "It's quite an experience - a wonderful experience," Boxer said of the tour. Keith Carson www.acgov.org Barbara Boxer boxer.senate.gov Alameda County Probation Department http US Green Building Council www.usgbc.org Filmed and Edited by Mateo
http://wn.com/Alameda_County's_Greenest_Building_Recognized
On August 7, 2008, Senator Barbara Boxer presented her Conservation Champion Award to the County of Alameda for its sustainability initiatives. The Senator presented the award during a tour of the County's US Green Building Council LEED® Gold certified Juvenile Justice Center, which features an 850-kilowatt solar system, water and energy efficient fixtures, and water-wise landscaping. "It's quite an experience - a wonderful experience," Boxer said of the tour. Keith Carson www.acgov.org Barbara Boxer boxer.senate.gov Alameda County Probation Department http US Green Building Council www.usgbc.org Filmed and Edited by Mateo
- published: 18 Aug 2008
- views: 277
- author: KeithCarsonDistrict5
Corruption in California Courts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:21
- Updated: 04 Sep 2012
Corruption in Alameda County Courts, California State Courts and Oakland City Attorney John Russo involving Judge Jon Tigar; Stephan Barber and Ron Cook among others.
http://wn.com/Corruption_in_California_Courts
Corruption in Alameda County Courts, California State Courts and Oakland City Attorney John Russo involving Judge Jon Tigar; Stephan Barber and Ron Cook among others.
- published: 17 Apr 2009
- views: 1680
- author: Abdul Jalil
Newark, California
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 15 Nov 2010
Newark is a city in Alameda County, California. Newark is an enclave, completely surrounded by the city of Fremont. Its population was 42471 at the 2000 census. Newark was named after Newark Castle, Port Glasgow in Scotland by J. Barr Robertson. A post office opened in 1878, and Newark was incorporated in 1955. Newark's economy is at the edge of Silicon Valley and shares its economic pattern. Cargill Salt, previously known as Leslie Salt, operates a large salt refinery in Newark which cleans solar salt produced in salt evaporation ponds in the San Francisco Bay. Other major employers include WorldPac, Saaed Enterprise, Risk Management Solutions, ADVO, Corporate Express, FullBloom Baking Company, ZipZoomfly, GE Security (Previously known as Invision), and Osborne Lumber Company, Inc.
http://wn.com/Newark,_California
Newark is a city in Alameda County, California. Newark is an enclave, completely surrounded by the city of Fremont. Its population was 42471 at the 2000 census. Newark was named after Newark Castle, Port Glasgow in Scotland by J. Barr Robertson. A post office opened in 1878, and Newark was incorporated in 1955. Newark's economy is at the edge of Silicon Valley and shares its economic pattern. Cargill Salt, previously known as Leslie Salt, operates a large salt refinery in Newark which cleans solar salt produced in salt evaporation ponds in the San Francisco Bay. Other major employers include WorldPac, Saaed Enterprise, Risk Management Solutions, ADVO, Corporate Express, FullBloom Baking Company, ZipZoomfly, GE Security (Previously known as Invision), and Osborne Lumber Company, Inc.
- published: 26 Oct 2010
- views: 2068
- author: RealtyWorldNorCal
Night Ranger - Sing Me Away 2009 @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Updated: 29 Aug 2012
Night Ranger sings Sing Me Away @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3, 2009. I didn't get the set list for the second set. Does anybody out there have it or remember songs? I know they played Eddie's Comin' Out, Sister Christian, Sentimental Street, Sing Me Away (duh!) & (You Can Still) Rock In America.
http://wn.com/Night_Ranger_Sing_Me_Away_2009_@_The_Alameda_County_Fair,_Pleasanton,_CA,_July_3
Night Ranger sings Sing Me Away @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3, 2009. I didn't get the set list for the second set. Does anybody out there have it or remember songs? I know they played Eddie's Comin' Out, Sister Christian, Sentimental Street, Sing Me Away (duh!) & (You Can Still) Rock In America.
- published: 05 Jul 2009
- views: 8184
- author: bladerunneronmyspace
Night Ranger - Don't Tell Me You Love Me 2009 @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:06
- Updated: 29 Aug 2012
Night Ranger sings Don't Tell Me You Love Me @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3, 2009. SET LIST: Brad & Joel's Acoustic Duet / When You Close Your Eyes / Don't Tell Me You Love Me / High Enough / Goodbye / Rumours In The Air / Touch Of Madness / Four In The Morning / Don't Tell Me You Love Me / Sister Christian / (You Can Still) Rock In America.
http://wn.com/Night_Ranger_Don't_Tell_Me_You_Love_Me_2009_@_The_Alameda_County_Fair,_Pleasanton,_CA,_July_3
Night Ranger sings Don't Tell Me You Love Me @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3, 2009. SET LIST: Brad & Joel's Acoustic Duet / When You Close Your Eyes / Don't Tell Me You Love Me / High Enough / Goodbye / Rumours In The Air / Touch Of Madness / Four In The Morning / Don't Tell Me You Love Me / Sister Christian / (You Can Still) Rock In America.
- published: 05 Jul 2009
- views: 17471
- author: bladerunneronmyspace
Alameda County Knights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:09
- Updated: 16 Feb 2012
alameda county knights football
http://wn.com/Alameda_County_Knights
Jason Castro "Wait" w/ Full Band, Alameda County Fairgrounds, Ca.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:35
- Updated: 09 Nov 2011
Jason sings the next single from his album "Who I Am" at the September 11 tenth anniversary memorial show in Pleasanton.
http://wn.com/Jason_Castro_Wait_w_Full_Band,_Alameda_County_Fairgrounds,_Ca
Jason sings the next single from his album "Who I Am" at the September 11 tenth anniversary memorial show in Pleasanton.
- published: 12 Sep 2011
- views: 503
- author: violetskyye
Alameda County District 4 Candidate Debate: Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:39
- Updated: 20 Oct 2012
This exclusive video provides voter information for incumbent Nate Miley and challenger Tojo Thomas in the race for Alameda County District 4 supervisor seat. This is the first of its kind video for Castro Valley ( which is part of District 4 ) that includes parts of Oakland, Pleasanton, Ashland, Cherryland and Fairview. Nate Miley has been Supervisor since 2000 and Tojo Thomas is an Alameda County Probation officer who lives in Fairview. See Part 2 here: www.youtube.com THIS VIDEO BROUGHT TO YOU BY: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Save Our Schools Castro Valley soscv.org Like SOSCV on Facebook Today! http - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Learn more about these two gentlemen at their respective websites below: Tojo Thomas www.tojo2012.com Nat Miley www.natemiley.com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
http://wn.com/Alameda_County_District_4_Candidate_Debate_Part_1
This exclusive video provides voter information for incumbent Nate Miley and challenger Tojo Thomas in the race for Alameda County District 4 supervisor seat. This is the first of its kind video for Castro Valley ( which is part of District 4 ) that includes parts of Oakland, Pleasanton, Ashland, Cherryland and Fairview. Nate Miley has been Supervisor since 2000 and Tojo Thomas is an Alameda County Probation officer who lives in Fairview. See Part 2 here: www.youtube.com THIS VIDEO BROUGHT TO YOU BY: - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Save Our Schools Castro Valley soscv.org Like SOSCV on Facebook Today! http - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Learn more about these two gentlemen at their respective websites below: Tojo Thomas www.tojo2012.com Nat Miley www.natemiley.com - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- published: 26 Apr 2012
- views: 610
- author: Castro Valley
Anthony Iton, Director and Health Officer, Alameda County Public Health Department
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:22
- Updated: 21 Oct 2012
Forum: Beyond Health Care Coverage, Addressing Inequality and Health Disparities in America. San Francisco, February 23, 2009. Sponsored by Spotlight on Poverty and Opportunity, The California Endowment and The Stanford Center for the Study of Poverty and Inequality
http://wn.com/Anthony_Iton,_Director_and_Health_Officer,_Alameda_County_Public_Health_Department
Forum: Beyond Health Care Coverage, Addressing Inequality and Health Disparities in America. San Francisco, February 23, 2009. Sponsored by Spotlight on Poverty and Opportunity, The California Endowment and The Stanford Center for the Study of Poverty and Inequality
- published: 25 Feb 2009
- views: 1311
- author: spotlightonpoverty
Fun Rides At The Alameda County Fair 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:45
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
http://wn.com/Fun_Rides_At_The_Alameda_County_Fair_2011
![Night Ranger - Goodbye [partial performance] 2009 @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3](http://web.archive.org./web/20121229101316im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/QAo_GxKXRaM/default.jpg "Night Ranger - Goodbye [partial performance] 2009 @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3")
Night Ranger - Goodbye [partial performance] 2009 @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:20
- Updated: 12 May 2012
Night Ranger sings Goodbye [partial performance] @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3, 2009. I ran out of memory on the card. Sorry about not getting the very end. SET LIST: Brad & Joel's Acoustic Duet / When You Close Your Eyes / Don't Tell Me You Love Me / High Enough / Goodbye / Rumours In The Air / Touch Of Madness / Four In The Morning / Don't Tell Me You Love Me / Sister Christian / (You Can Still) Rock In America.
http://wn.com/Night_Ranger_Goodbye_partial_performance_2009_@_The_Alameda_County_Fair,_Pleasanton,_CA,_July_3
Night Ranger sings Goodbye [partial performance] @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3, 2009. I ran out of memory on the card. Sorry about not getting the very end. SET LIST: Brad & Joel's Acoustic Duet / When You Close Your Eyes / Don't Tell Me You Love Me / High Enough / Goodbye / Rumours In The Air / Touch Of Madness / Four In The Morning / Don't Tell Me You Love Me / Sister Christian / (You Can Still) Rock In America.
- published: 05 Jul 2009
- views: 4085
- author: bladerunneronmyspace
Alameda County Levee Repair Using the PileClaw™ and ShoreGuard® Sheet Piling.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:18
- Updated: 30 Aug 2012
This videos shows the installation of ShoreGuard® sheet piling to repair a levee system in California. The Alameda Creek Levee Cut-Off Wall used 38' sheets of ShoreGuard 625, installed with PileClaw™ installation equipment in high-blow count soils. To learn more about Levee Repair Solutions visit CMISheetPiling.com .
http://wn.com/Alameda_County_Levee_Repair_Using_the_PileClaw™_and_ShoreGuard®_Sheet_Piling
This videos shows the installation of ShoreGuard® sheet piling to repair a levee system in California. The Alameda Creek Levee Cut-Off Wall used 38' sheets of ShoreGuard 625, installed with PileClaw™ installation equipment in high-blow count soils. To learn more about Levee Repair Solutions visit CMISheetPiling.com .
- published: 30 Nov 2011
- views: 1009
- author: cmilcTV
Night Ranger - When You Close Your Eyes 2009 @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Updated: 01 Dec 2012
Night Ranger sings When You Close Your Eyes @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3, 2009. SET LIST: Brad & Joel's Acoustic Duet / When You Close Your Eyes / Don't Tell Me You Love Me / High Enough / Goodbye / Rumours In The Air / Touch Of Madness / Four In The Morning / Don't Tell Me You Love Me / Sister Christian / (You Can Still) Rock In America.
http://wn.com/Night_Ranger_When_You_Close_Your_Eyes_2009_@_The_Alameda_County_Fair,_Pleasanton,_CA,_July_3
Night Ranger sings When You Close Your Eyes @ The Alameda County Fair, Pleasanton, CA, July 3, 2009. SET LIST: Brad & Joel's Acoustic Duet / When You Close Your Eyes / Don't Tell Me You Love Me / High Enough / Goodbye / Rumours In The Air / Touch Of Madness / Four In The Morning / Don't Tell Me You Love Me / Sister Christian / (You Can Still) Rock In America.
- published: 05 Jul 2009
- views: 19797
- author: bladerunneronmyspace
Alameda County Social Services - IBM Smarter Planet Leadership Series Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:26
- Updated: 15 Sep 2012
View the Leadership Series Web Portal page for Alameda: ibm.co Please visit the Leadership Series Landing page to view all stories: ibm.co Seeking to reduce costs while improving the performance of state social programs, the state of California passed a Deficit Reduction Act that included both performance targets and stiff penalties if the targets were not achieved. As a result, Alameda teamed with IBM to deploy an information management system that combines entity analytics with business intelligence to give workers an agency-wide, comprehensive view of individual cases. Contact cusref@us.ibm.com with questions about this video
http://wn.com/Alameda_County_Social_Services_IBM_Smarter_Planet_Leadership_Series_Video
View the Leadership Series Web Portal page for Alameda: ibm.co Please visit the Leadership Series Landing page to view all stories: ibm.co Seeking to reduce costs while improving the performance of state social programs, the state of California passed a Deficit Reduction Act that included both performance targets and stiff penalties if the targets were not achieved. As a result, Alameda teamed with IBM to deploy an information management system that combines entity analytics with business intelligence to give workers an agency-wide, comprehensive view of individual cases. Contact cusref@us.ibm.com with questions about this video
- published: 19 Mar 2010
- views: 1818
- author: IBMCustomerReference
photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives
27 Dec 2012
Imperial adventures are nothing new in the Middle East. Neither is their glorification, as Peter O’Toole’s pained Lawrence of Arabia eternally reminds us. But for a decade or so now, things have been heating up, as if to coincide with climate change and fears of declining petroleum reserves ... The Belly for Belligerence? ... The question loomed over beltway intelligentsia like an ephemeral Gordian knot ... We’re All Hawks Now ... While George W ... ....(size: 9.3Kb)
photo: WN / Janice Sabnal
27 Dec 2012
Washington. Six people, including two young children, were left dead in weather-related accidents, as winter snowstorms complicated travel for many Americans in the Midwest and Northeast on Wednesday. Snow totals in parts of Indiana ranged from 6 to 12 inches, CNN reported ... On Tuesday, Governor Phil Bryant declared a state of emergency for several battered Mississippi counties, a declaration that helps get support to victims ... ....(size: 2.2Kb)
photo: AP / Ben Curtis
28 Dec 2012
The president of Central African Republic (CAR) has urgently called on France and other foreign powers to help his government fend off rebels who are quickly seizing territory and approaching the capital. Speaking to crowds in Bangui, a city of some 600,000, Francois Bozize on Thursday pleaded with foreign powers to do what they could. He pointed in particular to France, Central African Republic's former colonial ruler ... 516 Share ... News ... ....(size: 19.5Kb)
photo: AP / K.M.Chaudary
27 Dec 2012
Large crowds of Pakistan People's Party (PPP) supporters are gathering to mark the fifth anniversary of the murder of ex-Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto. Ms Bhutto died in a gun and bomb attack during her 2007 election campaign. Hundreds of thousands of people have set up camp near the Bhutto family's ancestral home in Sindh province ... He cannot contest an election until his 25th birthday. Show of strength ... ....(size: 2.4Kb)
photo: AP
26 Dec 2012
News of defection comes as activists say 20 people, including eight children, have been killed by shelling in north of country. Assad’s forces are hitting back at a string of rebel advances across the country. Photograph. Abdalghne Karoof/REUTERS. The head of Syria's military police has defected from the army and declared allegiance to the uprising against the president, Bashar al-Assad, according to a video and a Syrian security source....(size: 3.4Kb)
The Tribune San Luis Obispo
29 Dec 2012
Car rolls off flatbed truck, down offramp and into bus stop. Santa Maria man killed in Hwy. 166 crash. Escaped dog led to deaths of 2 women on Hwy. 154. 19-year-old woman killed in Paso Robles car crash is identified ... Five SLO County beaches posted with warning signs for high bacteria levels. Deals! ... ... Favorite holiday sweaters from SLO County... Mugshots from SLO County Jail ... Scenes of SLO County ... ALAMEDA, Calif — ALAMEDA, Calif ... ....(size: 16.1Kb)
Seattle Times
29 Dec 2012
In the San Francisco Bay Area, Alameda County officials approved an ordinance in July requiring drug companies to fund and provide take-back locations ... Locally, the King County Board of Health is exploring options for expanding collection of unused and expired medicines ... Several Spanish-language efforts were launched, including King County's "Recicla Más" (Recycle More) grass-roots and media campaign ()....(size: 4.5Kb)
MSNBC
29 Dec 2012
New statistics show gun sales are up in California in the last decade while gun related injuries are down, statewide. But in Kern County it's a different story. Kern County gun sales are up but so is its firearm related injuries and deaths but not by much and officials say there may be other contributing factors. According to the California Department of Justice, in 2002 350,000 guns were sold in California....(size: 2.6Kb)
The Examiner
29 Dec 2012
According to California's Department of Conservation, Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR), it was first used in 1947 in Kansas and has been used in California for over 30 years with no reported environmental problems. Indeed it has been used in Kern County with little controversy in the past ... Bakersfield and Kern County are the center of the oil and gas industry in California....(size: 4.0Kb)
noodls
29 Dec 2012
Rogue and Coast Central will reopen Chetco's former Oregon and California branches, respectively, Jan ... NCUA worked to find a solution in the best interests of Chetco's members that ensured continued credit union service in the affected counties in Oregon and California. Chartered in 1957, Chetco was a community credit union serving people who live, work or worship in Coos and Curry counties in Oregon and Del Norte County in California....(size: 3.6Kb)
noodls
29 Dec 2012
State of California) ... This rate increase was approved by California voters when they approved Proposition 30 on November 6, 2012 ... Across California, the sales and use tax rate will range from 7.50 percent to 10.00 percent because in some cities and counties, voter-approved district taxes are added to the statewide base rate ... • California City & County Sales & Use Tax Rates (effective Januruy l, 2013) Note....(size: 4.5Kb)
Sacramento Bee
29 Dec 2012
ALAMEDA, Calif -- ALAMEDA, Calif. - Ready or not, here he comes. Terrelle Pryor will start the Oakland Raiders' regular-season finale Sunday at quarterback against the San Diego Chargers at Qualcomm Stadium, coach Dennis Allen announced Friday. "I feel that I'm ready," Pryor said. "I felt comfortable. I felt like a leader in the huddle when I was in there. I feel good about it and look forward to the opportunity." ... 4, 2011 ... I'm confident."....(size: 4.1Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
29 Dec 2012
Supervisor Nadia Lockyer's decision to resign was the right move for her and her southern Alameda County constituents ... Now she - and the county - can get back to focusing on their critical missions ... Voters have woken up to the fact that most California municipalities are offering their workers retirement benefits that are unaffordable and unsustainable....(size: 16.1Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
29 Dec 2012
Other important ones - like Attorney General Kamala Harris' California Homeowner Bill of Rights, which mandates that banks use certain good practices when dealing with distressed homeowners - drew inspiration from outside the legislative process. Still, the California Legislature did more during 2012 than just argue over budget cuts ... It's a small but important step toward steering California into the future....(size: 4.0Kb)
The Los Angeles Times
29 Dec 2012
What else could it be? They lived in Rolling Hills Estates, on the Palos Verdes Peninsula, one of the wealthiest communities in Southern California, where one is more likely to encounter a horse than a burglar ... Bob Kenney, a Los Angeles County sheriff's deputy working on the case ... County Board of Supervisors has kicked in $10,000 more ... He gave up his license to practice law in California later that year ... Times - California ....(size: 33.5Kb)
The Tribune San Luis Obispo
29 Dec 2012
Favorite holiday sweaters from SLO County... Mugshots from SLO County Jail ... Scenes of SLO County ... Jerry Brown appointed her chairwoman of the commission overseeing campaign finance and ethics rules in California ... Ravel's battle with the Arizona group Americans for Responsible Leadership involved what is believed to be the largest anonymous donation ever in a California statewide election....(size: 17.0Kb)
San Francisco Chronicle
29 Dec 2012
| County of Alameda | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — County — | |||
 |
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.svg) |
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| Country |  United States |
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| State |  California |
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| Region/Metro area | San Francisco Bay Area | ||
| Incorporated | March 25, 1853 | ||
| County seat | Oakland | ||
| Largest city | Oakland | ||
| Area | |||
| • Total | 821.15 sq mi (2,126.8 km2) | ||
| • Land | 737.57 sq mi (1,910.3 km2) | ||
| • Water | 83.57 sq mi (216.4 km2) | ||
| Population (2010) | |||
| • Total | 1,510,271 | ||
| • Density | 2,047.6/sq mi (790.6/km2) | ||
| Time zone | Pacific Standard Time (UTC-8) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | Pacific Daylight Time (UTC-7) | ||
| Area code(s) | 510, 925 | ||
| Website | www.acgov.org | ||
Alameda County is a county in the U.S. state of California.[1] It occupies most of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area.[1] As of the 2010 census it had a population of 1,510,271,[2] making it the 7th most populous county in the state.[3] The county includes the cities of Oakland, which is its seat, and Berkeley.
Contents |
History[link]
The county was formed on March 25, 1853 from a large portion of Contra Costa County and a smaller portion of Santa Clara County.
The Spanish word alameda means "a place where poplar trees grow", a name which originally was given to the Arroyo de la Alameda (Poplar Grove Creek). The willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early explorers of a road lined with trees, also known as an alameda.[citation needed]
The county seat at the time it was formed was located at Alvarado; it was moved to San Leandro in 1856 where the county courthouse was destroyed by the devastating 1868 quake on the Hayward Fault. The county seat was then re-established in the town of Brooklyn from 1872-1875. Brooklyn is now part of Oakland, which has been the county seat since 1873.
Much of what is now considered an intensively urban region, with major cities, was developed as a trolley car suburb of San Francisco in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The historical progression from native American tribal lands to Spanish, then Mexican ranches, then to farms, ranches, and orchards, then multiple city centers and suburbs, is shared with the adjacent and closely associated Contra Costa County.
Government[link]
The county is divided into five districts. A County Supervisor is elected in each district, with an election held every four years. This elected group is known as the Board of Supervisors. Currently, District 1 is represented by Supervisor Scott Haggerty; District 2, Supervisor Nadia Lockyer; District 3, Supervisor Wilma Chan; District 4, Supervisor Nate Miley; District 5, Supervisor Keith Carson. The Board elects a president who presides at all meetings of the Board and appoints committees to handle work involving the major programs of the county. If the president is absent for a meeting, the vice president shall be responsible. A Board election occurs every two years for these positions. Supervisor Miley is serving currently as president; Supervisor Carson is vice president.
Board meetings are open to the public, and occur every Tuesday (with the exception of holidays and board retreats) at 9:00 am in the County Administration Building in Oakland. Day-to-day administrative operations are handled by the County Administrator. This position is appointed by the Board of Supervisors, currently held by Susan Muranishi.
The county's law enforcement is overseen by an elected Sheriff/Coroner and an elected District Attorney. The Sheriff supervises the deputies of the Alameda County Sheriff's Office, whose primary responsibilities include policing unincorporated areas of the county and cities within the county which contract with the Sheriff's Office for police services; providing security and law enforcement for county buildings including courthouses, the county jail and other county properties; providing support resources, such as a forensics laboratory and search and rescue capabilities, to other law enforcement agencies throughout the county; and serving the process of the county's Superior Court system. The District Attorney's office is responsible for prosecuting all criminal violations of the laws of the state of California, the county, or its constituent municipalities, in the Alameda County Superior Court. The current Sheriff is Gregory J. Ahern, who was elected in 2006, succeeding Charles Plummer, who had served in the post for 20 years. The Interim District Attorney is Nancy E. O'Malley, who was appointed to fill the position of retiring District Attorney Tom Orloff in September 2009. The Sheriff's Office operates two jails, one being Santa Rita Jail located in Dublin.
The Alameda County Fire Department (ACFD)[4] was formed on July 1, 1993 as a dependent district, with the Board of Supervisors as its governing body. Municipal and specialized fire departments have been consolidated into the ACFD over the years. 1993 brought in the Castro Valley and Eden Consolidated FD, and the County Fire Patrol. San Leandro joined in 1995, Dublin in 1997, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2002, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 2007, The Alameda County Regional Emergency Communications Center in 2008, and Newark and Union City in 2010.
The Alameda County Water District is operated by the county.
Alameda County Superior Court operates in twelve separate locations throughout the county, with its central René C. Davidson Courthouse located in Oakland near Lake Merritt. Most major criminal trials and complex civil cases are heard at this location or in courtrooms within the County Administration Building across the street.
Events[link]
The annual county fair is held at the Alameda County Fairgrounds in Pleasanton. The fair runs for 3 weekends from June to July. Attractions include horse racing, carnival rides, 4-H exhibits, and live bands.
Geography[link]
According to the 2000 census, the county has a total area of 821.15 square miles (2,126.8 km2), of which 737.57 square miles (1,910.3 km2) (or 89.82%) is land and 83.57 square miles (216.4 km2) (or 10.18%) is water.[5]
The San Francisco Bay borders the county on the west, and the City and County of San Francisco, California has a small land border with the city of Alameda due to land filling [5]. The crest of the Berkeley Hills form part of the northeastern boundary, and reach into the center of the county. A coastal plain several miles wide lines the bay; it is home to Oakland and the most populous regions. Livermore Valley lies in the eastern part of the county.
The Hayward Fault, a major branch of the San Andreas Fault to the west, runs through the most populated parts of Alameda County, while the Calaveras Fault runs through the southeastern part of the county.
Incorporated cities[link]
- Alameda, a charter city formed in 1916
- Albany, incorporated as the City of Ocean View in 1908, renamed Albany in 1909
- Berkeley, incorporated 1878
- Dublin, initially the Murray Township (1868), incorporated as Dublin in 1982
- Emeryville, incorporated 1896
- Fremont, incorporated 1956, combining the former communities of Centerville, Niles, Irvington, Mission San Jose, and Warm Springs
- Hayward, named as early as 1852, chartered as Haywards in 1876, incorporated as Hayward in 1928
- Livermore, incorporated 1876
- Newark, incorporated 1955
- Oakland, incorporated 1852
- Piedmont, incorporated 1907
- Pleasanton, incorporated 1894
- San Leandro, incorporated 1872
- Union City, incorporated 1959
Unincorporated communities[link]
The unincorporated communities in Alameda County are governed directly by the county. Alameda County has 6 major unincorporated communities that qualify as census designated places (CDP):
- Ashland, east of San Leandro
- Castro Valley, north of Hayward, east of San Leandro
- Cherryland, north of Hayward
- Fairview, north of Hayward
- Sunol, east of Fremont
- San Lorenzo, south of San Leandro, north of Hayward
The county has a number of smaller named neighborhoods, not governed by cities.
Former townships[link]
- Oakland Township - the northern portion subsequently became the cities of Berkeley and Albany
- Alameda Township - Now essentially coterminus with the City of Alameda
- Brooklyn Township - Mostly contained within Oakland and Piedmont
- Eden Township - parts have been incorporated into San Leandro and Hayward, the rest contains the communities of Castro Valley, San Lorenzo, and other unincorporated areas.
- Washington Township - contains Union City, Newark, Fremont, and small unincorporated areas nearby.
- Murray Township - Contains cities of Dublin, Pleasanton, and Livermore, and substantial unincorporated areas including Sunol.
Adjacent counties[link]
- Santa Clara County, California - south
- San Mateo County, California - west
- San Francisco County, California - west
- Contra Costa County, California - north
- San Joaquin County, California - east
- Stanislaus County, California - southeast by a corner
National protected area[link]
Transportation infrastructure[link]
Major highways[link]
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Mass transit[link]
- ACE train - commuter rail using existing railroad tracks; primarily brings commuters from San Joaquin County to Santa Clara County
- AC Transit - local bus system in western Alameda County and west Contra Costa County, with additional service across the three bridges from Alameda County to downtown San Francisco, San Mateo, and Palo Alto
- BART - commuter rail centered on northwest Oakland, primarily serving commuters to downtown San Francisco and downtown Oakland
- Capitol Corridor - commuter rail using existing railroad tracks, extending from San Jose to Sacramento, running through western Alameda County
- WHEELS - bus system in the cities of southeastern Alameda County
- Union City Transit - local city bus service within Union City in addition to AC Transit
- Emery-Go-Round - free bus service in Emeryville.
- Alameda / Oakland Ferry and Harbor Bay Ferry - connect Oakland, Alameda, and Bay Farm Island with downtown San Francisco
- San Joaquins - Amtrak route between Oakland and Bakersfield through Fresno and the Central Valley
- VTA - commuter service between southern Alameda county and job centers in the Silicon Valley
- Dumbarton Express - additional service across the Dumbarton Bridge between Fremont and Palo Alto
Demographics[link]
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 8,927 |
|
|
| 1870 | 24,237 | 171.5% | |
| 1880 | 62,976 | 159.8% | |
| 1890 | 93,864 | 49.0% | |
| 1900 | 130,197 | 38.7% | |
| 1910 | 246,131 | 89.0% | |
| 1920 | 344,177 | 39.8% | |
| 1930 | 474,883 | 38.0% | |
| 1940 | 513,011 | 8.0% | |
| 1950 | 740,315 | 44.3% | |
| 1960 | 908,209 | 22.7% | |
| 1970 | 1,073,184 | 18.2% | |
| 1980 | 1,105,379 | 3.0% | |
| 1990 | 1,279,182 | 15.7% | |
| 2000 | 1,443,741 | 12.9% | |
| 2010 | 1,510,271 | 4.6% | |
2010[link]
The 2010 United States Census reported that Alameda County had a population of 1,510,271. The population density was 2,047.6 people per square mile (790.6/km²). The racial makeup of Alameda County was 649,122 (43.0%) White, 190,451 (12.6%) African American, 9,799 (0.6%) Native American, 394,560 (26.1%) Asian, 12,802 (0.8%) Pacific Islander, 162,540 (10.8%) from other races, and 90,997 (6.0%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 339,889 persons (22.5%).[6]
| Demographic profile[7] | 2010 | 2000 | 1990 | 1980 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 43.0% | 48.8% | 59.6% | 67.8% |
| Asian | 26.6% | 20.9% | 14.4% | 7.6% |
| Black or African American | 12.2% | 14.6% | 17.4% | 18.2% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 0.3% | 0.4% | 0.5% | 0.6% |
| Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander | 0.8% | 0.6% | ||
| Some other race | ||||
| Two or more races | 4.0% | 3.9% | ||
| Hispanic or Latino (of any race) | 22.5% | 19.0% | 14.2% | 11.7% |
| White alone | 34.1% | 40.9% | 53.2% | 61.6% |
| Population reported at 2010 United States Census | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Population |
|
American |
American |
|
Islander |
races |
more races |
or Latino (of any race) |
| Alameda County | 1,510,271 | 649,122 | 190,451 | 9,799 | 394,560 | 12,802 | 162,540 | 90,997 | 339,889 |
|
cities |
Population |
|
American |
American |
|
Islander |
races |
more races |
or Latino (of any race) |
| Alameda | 73,812 | 37,460 | 4,759 | 426 | 23,058 | 381 | 2,463 | 5,265 | 8,092 |
| Albany | 18,539 | 10,128 | 645 | 88 | 5,790 | 37 | 607 | 1,244 | 1,891 |
| Berkeley | 112,580 | 66,996 | 11,241 | 479 | 21,690 | 186 | 4,994 | 6,994 | 12,209 |
| Dublin | 46,036 | 23,634 | 4,347 | 246 | 12,321 | 287 | 2,458 | 2,743 | 6,663 |
| Emeryville | 10,080 | 4,490 | 1,764 | 44 | 2,775 | 16 | 348 | 643 | 927 |
| Fremont | 214,089 | 70,320 | 7,103 | 976 | 108,332 | 1,169 | 13,605 | 12,584 | 31,698 |
| Hayward | 144,186 | 49,309 | 17,099 | 1,396 | 31,666 | 4,535 | 30,004 | 10,177 | 58,730 |
| Livermore | 80,968 | 60,418 | 1,702 | 476 | 6,802 | 277 | 6,960 | 4,333 | 16,920 |
| Newark | 42,573 | 17,566 | 2,002 | 279 | 11,571 | 621 | 7,735 | 2,799 | 14,994 |
| Oakland | 390,724 | 134,925 | 109,471 | 3,040 | 65,811 | 2,222 | 53,378 | 21,877 | 99,068 |
| Piedmont | 10,667 | 7,917 | 144 | 6 | 1,939 | 13 | 94 | 554 | 421 |
| Pleasanton | 70,285 | 47,058 | 1,190 | 226 | 16,322 | 134 | 2,002 | 3,353 | 7,264 |
| San Leandro | 84,950 | 31,946 | 10,437 | 669 | 25,206 | 642 | 11,295 | 4,755 | 23,237 |
| Union City | 69,516 | 16,640 | 4,402 | 329 | 35,363 | 892 | 7,253 | 4,637 | 15,895 |
|
places |
Population |
|
American |
American |
|
Islander |
races |
more races |
or Latino (of any race) |
| Ashland | 21,925 | 6,705 | 4,269 | 232 | 4,031 | 260 | 5,124 | 1,304 | 9,394 |
| Castro Valley | 61,388 | 35,602 | 4,260 | 329 | 13,140 | 417 | 3,757 | 3,883 | 10,689 |
| Cherryland | 14,728 | 6,035 | 1,698 | 200 | 1,404 | 310 | 4,016 | 1,065 | 7,955 |
| Fairview | 10,003 | 4,499 | 2,105 | 76 | 1,525 | 129 | 913 | 756 | 2,171 |
| San Lorenzo | 23,452 | 11,115 | 1,136 | 228 | 5,054 | 182 | 4,207 | 1,530 | 8,843 |
| Sunol | 913 | 780 | 1 | 6 | 48 | 7 | 19 | 52 | 91 |
|
communities |
Population |
|
American |
American |
|
Islander |
races |
more races |
or Latino (of any race) |
| All others not CDPs (combined) | 8,857 | 5,579 | 676 | 48 | 712 | 85 | 1,308 | 449 | 2,737 |
2000[link]
As of the census[8] of 2000, there were 1,443,741 people, 523,366 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living within them, 47.0% married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.31.
In the county, the population was spread out with 24.6% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 33.9% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 10.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females there were 96.60 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.00 males.
The median income for a household in the county was $55,946, and the median income for a family was $65,857 (these figures had risen to $66,430 and $81,341 respectively as of a 2007 estimate[9]). Males had a median income of $47,425 versus $36,921 for females. The per capita income for the county was $26,680. About 7.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.
In 2000, the largest denominational group was the Catholics (with 306,437 adherents) .[10] The largest religious bodies were The Catholic Church (with 306,437 members) and Judaism (with 32,500 members).[10]
Politics[link]
Alameda County is a stronghold of the Democratic Party. It has not voted for a Republican presidential candidate since 1956, when Dwight Eisenhower carried the county. Historically, the county was Republican until the 1958 defeat of William F. Knowland. Even when Ronald Reagan won the national popular vote by an 18.3% margin in 1984, Walter Mondale won Alameda County by a slightly larger margin. In 2004 it voted for John Kerry by a margin of over 50%. Every city and town voted Democratic.[11] In the House of Representatives, all of the 9th district, parts of the 10th and 11th districts, and most of the 13th district are in the county. All four districts are held by Democrats: Barbara Lee, John Garamendi, Jerry McNerney, and Pete Stark, respectively.
In the State Assembly, parts of the 14th and 15th districts, all of the 16th and 18th districts, and most of the 20th district are in the county. All of its five legislators are Democrats: Nancy Skinner of the 14th district, Sandré Swanson of the 16th district, Mary Hayashi of the 18th district, and Bob Wieckowski of the 20th district, and Joan Buchanan of the 15th district. In the State Senate, most of the 9th and 10th districts are in the county and are both represented by Democrats: Loni Hancock and Ellen Corbett, respectively.
According to the California Secretary of State, there are 709,414 registered voters in Alameda County. 401,847 (56.6%) are registered Democrats, 116,864 (16.5%) are registered Republicans, 33,689 (4.8%) are registered to minor political parties, and 157,014 (22.1%) declined to answer. This means Democrats have a 40.1% registration advantage over Republicans. Every city, town, and unincorporated area in Alameda County has more registered Democrats than Republicans.
| Year | GOP | DEM | Others |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 19.3% 119,554 | 78.9% 489,106 | 1.8% 11,724 |
| 2004 | 23.3% 130,911 | 75.2% 422,585 | 1.5% 8,594 |
| 2000 | 24.1% 119,279 | 69.4% 342,889 | 6.5% 32,168 |
| 1996 | 23.1% 106,581 | 65.8% 303,903 | 11.2% 51,560 |
| 1992 | 20.6% 109,292 | 63.0% 334,224 | 16.3% 86,629 |
| 1988 | 34.0% 162,815 | 64.8% 310,283 | 1.2% 5,899 |
| 1984 | 40.0% 192,408 | 58.7% 282,041 | 1.3% 6,425 |
| 1980 | 38.0% 158,531 | 48.3% 201,720 | 13.7% 57,366 |
| 1976 | 38.1% 155,280 | 57.9% 235,988 | 4.0% 16,413 |
| 1972 | 42.8% 201,862 | 55.0% 259,254 | 2.1% 10,079 |
| 1968 | 37.6% 153,285 | 53.9% 219,545 | 8.5% 34,519 |
| 1964 | 33.5% 142,998 | 66.4% 283,833 | 0.1% 509 |
| 1960 | 45.6% 183,354 | 54.0% 217,172 | 0.4% 1,474 |
| 1956 | 52.4% 192,911 | 47.3% 174,033 | 0.3% 1,187 |
| 1952 | 52.7% 201,976 | 46.5% 178,239 | 0.8% 3,079 |
| 1948 | 46.6% 150,588 | 47.8% 154,549 | 5.6% 18,194 |
| 1944 | 41.8% 122,982 | 57.7% 169,631 | 0.5% 1,374 |
| 1940 | 43.6% 116,961 | 55.2% 148,224 | 1.2% 3,311 |
| 1936 | 35.1% 82,352 | 63.6% 149,323 | 1.3% 3,011 |
| 1932 | 43.7% 89,303 | 52.0% 106,388 | 4.3% 8,761 |
| 1928 | 65.4% 118,539 | 33.6% 60,875 | 1.0% 1,780 |
| 1924 | 61.5% 81,454 | 6.1% 8,020 | 32.5% 43,016 |
| 1920 | 69.1% 73,177 | 20.3% 21,468 | 10.6% 11,244 |
| Election results from statewide races | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Office | Results |
| 2010 | Governor | Brown 73.8 - 22.6% |
| Lieutenant Governor | Newsom 71.0 - 22.0% | |
| Secretary of State | Bowen 72.2 - 19.7% | |
| Controller | Chiang 73.0 - 18.8% | |
| Treasurer | Lockyer 74.8 - 18.4% | |
| Attorney General | Harris 67.0 - 25.4% | |
| Insurance Commissioner | Jones 68.3 - 21.1% | |
On November 4, 2008 Alameda County voted 62.0 % against Proposition 8, which won statewide, and which amended the California Constitution to ban same-sex marriage. The county garnered the sixth highest "no" vote, by percentage, of all California counties, and was the second largest county, by total voter turnout, to vote against it.[12]
Arts[link]
The Alameda County Arts Commission, a division of the county administration, under the California Arts Council, was created in 1965. Its fifteen appointed members act in an advisory capacity to the board of supervisors, in promoting the arts. The Oakland Museum of California has a substantial collection of California art works and historical artifacts.
Education[link]
The Alameda County Office of Education oversees seventeen K-12 school districts and one K-8 district in Alameda County. In all, there are approximately 10,000 teachers serving 225,000 students. The ACOE also services three community college districts with a total enrollment of approximately 55,000 students.
The Alameda County Library operates libraries in the cities of Albany, Dublin, Fremont, Newark and Union City and the unincorporated communities of Castro Valley and San Lorenzo. The cities of Alameda, Berkeley, Hayward, Livermore, Oakland, San Leandro, and Pleasanton have their own library systems.
Colleges and Universities[link]
Alameda County is home to the University of California, Berkeley, one of the campuses of the University of California system, and one of the largest and most prestigious research universities in the world.
Other colleges and universities located within Alameda county include:
- Berkeley City College
- California State University, East Bay, one of the campuses of the California State University system
- Chabot College, a two year community college, part of the Chabot-Las Positas Community College District
- College of Alameda, a two year community college, part of the Peralta Community College District of northern Alameda County
- Ex'pression College for Digital Arts
- Holy Names University
- Laney College, a two year community college, part of the Peralta Community College system
- Las Positas College
- Merritt College, a two year community college, part of the Peralta Community College system
- Mills College, a private 4 year women's college and coeducational graduate school
- Ohlone College, part of the Ohlone Community College District
- Samuel Merritt University
- University of California, Berkeley, part of the University of California system
School Districts (K-12)[link]
- Alameda Unified School District
- Albany Unified School District
- Berkeley Unified School District
- Castro Valley Unified School District
- Dublin Unified School District
- Emery Unified School District
- Fremont Unified School District
- Hayward Unified School District
- Livermore Valley Joint Unified School District
- Lammersville Joint Unified School District
- New Haven Unified School District
- Newark Unified School District
- Oakland Unified School District
- Piedmont Unified School District
- Pleasanton Unified School District
- San Leandro Unified School District
- San Lorenzo Unified School District
- Sunol Glen Unified School District
Sports[link]
The following sports teams play in Alameda County.
| Club | Sport | Founded | League | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California Golden Bears | NCAA | 1868 | NCAA: Pac-10 | California Memorial Stadium (Football), Haas Pavilion (Basketball), Evans Diamond (Baseball) |
| Oakland Athletics | Baseball | 1901 (in Oakland since 1968) | Major League Baseball: American League | Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum |
| Oakland Raiders | American Football | 1960 (in Los Angeles from 1982–1994) | National Football League: American Conference. AFC West | Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum |
| Golden State Warriors | Basketball | 1946 (In Oakland since 1971) | National Basketball Association: Western Conference. | Oracle Arena |
Parks and recreation[link]
There are more than 350 parks located within the county.[13] The East Bay Regional Park District operates within Alameda and neighboring Contra Costa County, with numerous parks within the county, including, Tilden Regional Park, Redwood Regional Park, and Anthony Chabot Regional Park. Eastshore State Park is located partially along the bay shore of northern Alameda County. The San Francisco Bay Trail, a project of the Association of Bay Area Governments, will run along the bay shore of the county.[14]
Services[link]
The county operates hospitals and primary care clinics, through the Alameda County Medical Center. The Alameda County Community Food Bank nonprofit provides food bank resources to residents.
Landmarks[link]
Alameda County has eight National Historic Landmarks.
Sister county[link]
Alameda has a sister county: Taoyuan County, Taiwan.[15]
See also[link]
- USS Alameda County (LST-32) the only US Naval vessel named after the county
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Alameda County, California
- Solar power in Alameda County
References[link]
- ^ a b http://www.counties.org/default.asp?id=6
- ^ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/06/06001.html
- ^ http://www.alameda.courts.ca.gov/pages.aspx/about-alameda-county
- ^ Alameda County Fire Department
- ^ "Census 2000 U.S. Gazetteer Files: Counties". United States Census. http://www.census.gov/tiger/tms/gazetteer/county2k.txt. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
- ^ "2010 Census P.L. 94-171 Summary File Data". United States Census Bureau. http://www2.census.gov/census_2010/01-Redistricting_File--PL_94-171/California/.
- ^ http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov "Demographic Profile Bay Area Census". Archived from the original on 2006-03-30. http://www.census.gov http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov.
- ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
- ^ Alameda County, California - Fact Sheet - American FactFinder
- ^ a b "County Membership Reports". thearda.com. http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/counties/06001_2000.asp. Retrieved 2011-08-22.
- ^ pres_general_ssov_for_all.xls
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ [4]
External links[link]
- Alameda County's Official Web Site
- [6] map of Alameda County with supervisorial district boundaries
- Alameda County Fairgrounds - Annual county fair June to July
- A short film about Alameda County from 1958
- Short radio episode Baseball from "Lil' Yokohama," by Oakland writer Toshio Mori, 1941. California Legacy Project.
- Alameda County Fire Department
- Alameda County Fire Department Training Division
- Hiking trails in Alameda County, at the Berkeley Wiki website
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Contra Costa County | |
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| San Francisco County and San Mateo County |  |
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 Alameda County, California East |
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State of Coordinates: 37°39′N 121°55′W / 37.65°N 121.91°W / 37.65; -121.91
http://wn.com/Alameda_County,_California
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Contea di Alameda
http://cs.wn.com/Alameda County
http://id.wn.com/Alameda County, California
http://es.wn.com/Condado de Alameda
http://ru.wn.com/Аламида (округ)
http://nl.wn.com/Alameda County
http://pt.wn.com/Condado de Alameda
http://pl.wn.com/Hrabstwo Alameda
http://fr.wn.com/Comté d'Alameda
http://de.wn.com/Alameda County
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alameda_County,_California
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see California (disambiguation).
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California (pronounced i/kælɨˈfɔrnjə/) is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state,[10] and the third most extensive (after Alaska and Texas). It is home to the nation's second- and sixth-largest census statistical areas (Los Angeles Metropolitan Area and San Francisco Bay Area), and eight of the nation's fifty most populated cities (Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, Fresno, Sacramento, Long Beach and Oakland).[11] The capital city is Sacramento.
California's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west, to the Sierra Nevada mountains in the east – from the Redwood–Douglas-fir forests of the northwest, to the Mojave Desert areas in the southeast. The center of the state is dominated by Central Valley, a major agricultural area. California contains both the highest and lowest points in the contiguous United States (Mount Whitney and Death Valley), and has the third-longest coastline of all states (after Alaska and Florida). Earthquakes are a common occurrence due to the state's location along the Pacific Ring of Fire: about 37,000 are recorded annually.[12]
The name California once referred to a large area of North America claimed by Spain that included much of modern-day Southwestern United States and the Baja California peninsula. Beginning in the late 18th century, the area known as Alta California, comprising the California territory north of the Baja Peninsula, was colonized by the Spanish Empire as part of New Spain. In 1821, Alta California became a part of Mexico following its successful war for independence. Shortly after the beginning of the Mexican-American War in 1846, a group of American settlers in Sonoma declared an independent California Republic in Alta California. Though its existence was short-lived, its flag became the precursor for California's current state flag. American victory in the war led to the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, in which Mexico ceded Alta California to the United States. Western areas of Alta California became the state of California, which was admitted as the 31st state on September 9, 1850.
The California Gold Rush beginning in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic change, with large scale immigration from the U.S. and abroad and an accompanying economic boom. Key developments in the early 20th century included the emergence of Los Angeles as the center of the American entertainment industry, and the growth of a large, state-wide tourism sector. The late 20th century saw the development of the technology and information sectors, punctuated by the growth of Silicon Valley. California's prosperous agricultural industry also emerged; at least half of the fresh fruit produced in the United States are now cultivated in California, and the state also leads in the production of vegetables.[13] Other important contributors to its economy include aerospace, education, and manufacturing. If California were a country, it would be the eighth-largest economy in the world[14] and the 34th most populous nation.
Contents |
Etymology[link]
Main article: Origin of the name California
The word California originally referred to the entire region composed of the Baja California peninsula of Mexico, the current U.S. states of California, Nevada, and Utah, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, and Wyoming.
The name California is most commonly believed to have derived from a fictional paradise peopled by Black Amazons and ruled by Queen Calafia.[15][16] The story of Calafia is recorded in a 1510 work The Adventures of Esplandián, written as a sequel to Amadis de Gaula by Spanish adventure writer Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo.[17][18][19] The kingdom of Queen Calafia, according to Montalvo, was said to be a remote land inhabited by griffins and other strange beasts, and rich in gold.
Know ye that at the right hand of the Indies there is an island called California, very close to that part of the Terrestrial Paradise, which was inhabited by black women without a single man among them, and they lived in the manner of Amazons. They were robust of body with strong passionate hearts and great virtue. The island itself is one of the wildest in the world on account of the bold and craggy rocks.
— Chapter CLVII of The Adventures of Esplandián[20]
The name California is the fifth oldest surviving European place-name in the US and was applied to what is now the southern tip of Baja California peninsula as the Island of California by a Spanish expedition led by Diego de Becerra and Fortún Ximénez, who landed there in 1533 at the behest of Hernán Cortés.[note 1]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of California
California adjoins the Pacific Ocean to the west, Oregon to the north, Nevada and Arizona to the east, and the Mexican state of Baja California to the south. With an area of 160,000 square miles (414,000 km2), it is the third-largest state in the United States in size, after Alaska and Texas.[22] If it were a country, California would be the 59th-largest in the world in area.
In the middle of the state lies the California Central Valley, bounded by the coastal mountain ranges in the west, the Sierra Nevada to the east, the Cascade Range in the north and the Tehachapi Mountains in the south. The Central Valley is California's agricultural heartland and grows approximately one-third of the nation's food.[23][24]
Divided in two by the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, the northern portion, the Sacramento Valley serves as the watershed of the Sacramento River, while the southern portion, the San Joaquin Valley is the watershed for the San Joaquin River; both areas derive their names from the rivers that transit them. With dredging, the Sacramento and the San Joaquin Rivers have remained sufficiently deep that several inland cities are seaports.
The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta serves as a critical water supply hub for the state. Water is routed through an extensive network of canals and pumps out of the delta, that traverse nearly the length of the state, including the Central Valley Project and the State Water Project. Water from the Delta provides drinking water for nearly 23 million people, almost two-thirds of the state's population, and provides water to farmers on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley. The Channel Islands are located off the southern coast.
The Sierra Nevada (Spanish for "snowy range") includes the highest peak in the contiguous forty-eight states, Mount Whitney, at 14,505 ft (4421 m).[4][5][6] The range embraces Yosemite Valley, famous for its glacially carved domes, and Sequoia National Park, home to the giant sequoia trees, the largest living organisms on Earth, and the deep freshwater lake, Lake Tahoe, the largest lake in the state by volume.
To the east of the Sierra Nevada are Owens Valley and Mono Lake, an essential migratory bird habitat. In the western part of the state is Clear Lake, the largest freshwater lake by area entirely in California. Though Lake Tahoe is larger, it is divided by the California/Nevada border. The Sierra Nevada falls to Arctic temperatures in winter and has several dozen small glaciers, including Palisade Glacier, the southernmost glacier in the United States.
About 45 percent of the state's total surface area is covered by forests,[25] and California's diversity of pine species is unmatched by any other state. California contains more forestland than any other state except Alaska. Many of the trees in the California White Mountains are the oldest in the world; one Bristlecone pine has an age of 4,700 years.
In the south is a large inland salt lake, the Salton Sea. The south-central desert is called the Mojave; to the northeast of the Mojave lies Death Valley, which contains the lowest and hottest place in North America, the Badwater Basin at −282 feet (−86.0 m).[8] The horizontal distance from the nadir of Death Valley to the summit of Mount Whitney is less than 90 miles (140 km). Indeed, almost all of southeastern California is arid, hot desert, with routine extreme high temperatures during the summer. The southeastern border of California with Arizona is entirely formed by the Colorado River, from which the southern part of the state gets about half of its water.
Along the California coast are several major metropolitan areas, including Greater Los Angeles Area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the San Diego metropolitan area.
As part of the Ring of Fire, California is subject to tsunamis, floods, droughts, Santa Ana winds, wildfires, landslides on steep terrain, and has several volcanoes. It sees numerous earthquakes due to several faults, in particular the San Andreas Fault.
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of California
California's climate varies from Mediterranean to subarctic.
Much of the state has a Mediterranean climate, with cool, rainy winters and dry summers. The cool California Current offshore often creates summer fog near the coast. Farther inland, one encounters colder winters and hotter summers.
Northern parts of the state average higher annual rainfall than the south. California's mountain ranges influence the climate as well: some of the rainiest parts of the state are west-facing mountain slopes. Northwestern California has a temperate climate, and the Central Valley has a Mediterranean climate but with greater temperature extremes than the coast. The high mountains, including the Sierra Nevada, have a mountain climate with snow in winter and mild to moderate heat in summer.
The east side of California's mountains produce a rain shadow, creating expansive deserts. The higher elevation deserts of eastern California see hot summers and cold winters, while the low deserts east of the southern California mountains experience hot summers and nearly frostless mild winters. Death Valley, a desert with large expanses below sea level, is considered the hottest location in North America; the highest temperature in the Western Hemisphere, 134 °F (57 °C), was recorded there on July 10, 1913. The lowest temperature in California was −45 °F in 1937 in Boca.
Ecology[link]
Main article: Ecology of California
California is one of the richest and most diverse parts of the world, and includes some of the most endangered ecological communities. California is part of the Nearctic ecozone and spans a number of terrestrial ecoregions.[26]
California's large number of endemic species includes relict species, which have died out elsewhere, such as the Catalina Ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus). Many other endemics originated through differentiation or adaptive radiation, whereby multiple species develop from a common ancestor to take advantage of diverse ecological conditions such as the California lilac (Ceanothus). Many California endemics have become endangered, as urbanization, logging, overgrazing, and the introduction of exotic species have encroached on their habitat.
Flora and fauna[link]
California boasts several superlatives in its collection of flora: the largest trees, the tallest trees, and the oldest trees. California's native grasses are perennial plants.[27] After European contact, these were generally replaced by invasive species of European annual grasses; and, in modern times, California's hills turn a characteristic golden-brown in summer.[28]
Because California has the greatest diversity of climate and terrain, the state has six life zones which are the lower Sonoran (desert); upper Sonoran (foothill regions and some coastal lands), transition (coastal areas and moist northeastern counties); and the Canadian, Hudsonian, and Arctic Zones, comprising the state's highest elevations.[29]
Plant life in the dry climate of the lower Sonoran zone contains a diversity of native cactus, mesquite, and paloverde. The Joshua tree is found in the Mojave Desert. Flowering plants include the dwarf desert poppy and a variety of asters. Fremont cottonwood and valley oak thrive in the Central Valley. The upper Sonoran zone includes the chaparral belt, characterized by forests of small shrubs, stunted trees, and herbaceous plants. Nemophila, mint, phacelia, viola, and the California poppy (Eschscholtzia californica) – the state flower – also flourish in this zone, along with the lupine, more species of which occur here than anywhere else in the world.[29]
The transition zone includes most of California's forests with the redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) and the "big tree" or giant sequoia (Sequoia gigantea), among the oldest living things on earth (some are said to have lived at least 4,000 years). Tanbark oak, California laurel, Sugar Pine, madrona, broad-leaved maple, and Douglas-fir also grow here. Forest floors are covered with swordfern, alumnroot, barrenwort, and trillium, and there are tickets of huckleberry, azalea, elder, and wild currant. Characteristic wild flowers include varieties of mariposa, tulip, and tiger and leopard lilies.[30]
The high elevations of the Canadian zone allow the Jeffrey Pine, red fir, and Lodgepole Pine to thrive. Brushy areas are abundant with dwarf manzanita and ceanothus; the unique Sierra puffball is also found here. Right below the timeberline, in the Hudsonian zone, the whitebark, foxtail, and silver pines grow. At about 10,500 ft (3,200 m), begins the Arctic zone, a treeless region whose flora include a number of wildflowers, including Sierra primrose, yellow columbine, alpine buttercup, and alpine shooting star.[29][31]
Common plants that have been introduced to the state include the eucalyptus, acacia, pepper tree, geranium, and Scotch broom. The species that are federally classified as endangered are the Contra Costa wallflower, Antioch Dunes evening primrose, Solano Grass, San Clemente Island larkspur, salt marsh bird's beak, McDonald's rock-cress, and Santa Barbara Island Liveforever. As of December 1997[update], 85 plant species were listed as threatened or endangered.[29]
In the deserts of the lower Sonoran zone, the mammals include the jackrabbit, kangaroo rat, squirrel, and opossum. Common birds include the owl, roadrunner, Cactus Wren, and various species of hawk. The area's reptilian life include the sidewinder viper, desert tortoise, and horned toad. The upper Sonoran zone boasts mammals such as the antelope, brown-footed woodrat, and Ring-tailed Cat. Birds unique to this zone are the California thrasher, bushtit, and California Condor.[29][32][33][34]
In the transition zone, there are Colombian Black-tailed Deer, black bears, gray foxes, cougars, bobcats, and Roosevelt elk. Reptiles such as the garter snakes and rattlesnakes inhabit the zone. In addition, amphibians such as the water puppy and redwood salamander are common too. Birds such as the kingfisher, chickadee, towhee, and hummingbird thrive here as well.[29][35]
The Canadian zone mammals include the Mountain Weasel, Snowshoe Hare, and several species of chipmunks. Conspicuous birds include the blue-fronted jay, Sierra chickadee. Sierra hermit thrush, water ouzel, and Townsend's solitaire. As one ascends into the Hudsonian zone, birds become scarcer. While the Sierra rosy finch is the only bird native to the high Arctic region, other bird species such as the hummingbird and Clark's Nutcracker. Principal mammals found in this region include the Sierra coney, White-tailed Jackrabbit, and the Bighorn Sheep. As of April 2003[update], the Bighorn Sheep was listed as endangered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service. The fauna found throughout several zones are the mule deer, coyote, mountain lion, Northern Flicker, and several species of hawk and sparrow.[29]
Aquatic life in California thrives, from the state's mountain lakes and streams to the rocky Pacific coastline. Numerous trout species are found, among them rainbow, golden, and Tahoe. Migratory species of salmon are common as well. Deep-sea life forms include sea bass, yellowfin tuna, barracuda, and several types of whale. Native to the cliffs of northern California are seals, sea lions, and many types of shorebirds, including migratory species.[29]
As of April 2003, 118 California animals were on the federal endangered list; 181 plants were listed as endangered or threatened. Endangered animals include the San Joaquin kitfox, Point Arena mountain beaver, Pacific pocket mouse, Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse, Morro Bay kangaroo rat (and five other species of kangaroo rat), Amargosa vole, California Least Tern, California Condor, Loggerhead Shrike, San Clemente sage sparrow, San Francisco garter snake, five species of salamander, three species of chub, and two species of pupfish. Eleven butterflies are also endangered and two that are threatened are on the federal list. Among threatened animals are the coastal California Gnatcatcher, Paiute cutthroat trout, southern sea otter, and Northern Spotted Owl. California has a total of 290,821 acres (1,176.91 km2) of National Wildlife Refuges.[29] As of September 2010[update], 123 California animals were listed as either endangered or threatened on the federal list provided by the US Fish & Wildlife Service.[36] Also, as of the same year[update], 178 species of California plants were listed either as endangered or threatened on this federal list.[36]
Rivers[link]
Main article: List of rivers of California
The state's coasts, rivers, and other bodies of water are looked after by the California Coastal Commission.
The two most prominent rivers within California are the Sacramento River and the San Joaquin River, which drain the Central Valley and the west slope of the Sierra Nevada and flow to the Pacific Ocean through San Francisco Bay. Several major tributaries feed into the Sacramento and the San Joaquin, including the Pit River, the Tuolumne River, and the Feather River.
The Owens River takes runoff from the southeastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and flows into Owens Lake. The Eel River and Salinas River each drain portions of the California coast, north and south of San Francisco Bay, respectively. The Mojave River is the primary watercourse in the Mojave Desert, and the Santa Ana River drains much of the Transverse Ranges as it bisects Southern California.
Some other important rivers are the Klamath River and the Trinity River in the far north coast, and the Colorado River on the southeast border with Arizona.
Regions[link]
for more, see List of regions of California and List of places in California.
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Mount Whitney (l), the highest point in the Contiguous U.S., is less than 90 miles (140 km) away from Badwater Basin in Death Valley (r), the lowest point in North America
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History[link]
| History of California | |
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 This article is part of a series |
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| Timeline | |
| To 1899 | |
| Gold Rush (1848) | |
| US Civil War (1861-1865) | |
| Since 1900 | |
| Topics | |
| Maritime · Railroad · | |
| Highways · Slavery | |
| Cities | |
| Los Angeles · San Franicsco · | |
| San Diego · San Jose · | |
| Sacramento | |
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California Portal |
Main article: History of California
Settled by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years, California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America; The Indigenous peoples of California included more than 70 distinct groups of Native Americans, ranging from large, settled populations living on the coast to groups in the interior. California groups also were diverse in their political organization with bands, tribes, villages, and on the resource-rich coasts, large chiefdoms, such as the Chumash, Pomo and Salinan. Trade, intermarriage and military alliances fostered many social and economic relationships among the diverse groups.
The first European to explore the coast as far north as the Russian River was the Portuguese Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo in 1542. Some 37 years later English explorer Francis Drake also explored and claimed an undefined portion of the California coast in 1579. Spanish traders made unintended visits with the Manila Galleons on their return trips from the Philippines beginning in 1565.[37] Sebastián Vizcaíno explored and mapped the coast of California in 1602 for New Spain.
Beginning in the 1820s, trappers and settlers from the U.S. and Canada began to arrive in Northern California. These new arrivals used the Siskiyou Trail, California Trail, Oregon Trail and Old Spanish Trail to cross the rugged mountains and harsh deserts surrounding California. In this period, Imperial Russia explored the California coast and established a trading post at Fort Ross.
Spanish missionaries began setting up 21 California Missions along the coast of what became known as Alta California (Upper California), together with small towns and presidios. In 1821 the Mexican War of Independence gave Mexico (including California) independence from Spain; for the next 25 years, Alta California remained a remote northern province of the nation of Mexico. Cattle ranches, or ranchos, emerged as the dominant institutions of Mexican California. After Mexican independence from Spain, the chain of missions became the property of the Mexican government and were secularized by 1832. The ranchos developed under ownership by Californios (Spanish-speaking Californians) who had received land grants, and traded cowhides and tallow with Boston merchants.
In 1846 settlers rebelled against Mexican rule during the Bear Flag Revolt. Afterwards, rebels raised the Bear Flag (featuring a bear, a star, a red stripe and the words "California Republic") at Sonoma. The Republic's first and only president was William B. Ide,[38] who played a pivotal role during the Bear Flag Revolt.
The California Republic was short lived; the same year marked the outbreak of the Mexican-American War (1846–1848). When Commodore John D. Sloat of the United States Navy sailed into Monterey Bay and began the military occupation of California by the United States, Northern California capitulated in less than a month to the U.S. forces. After a series of defensive battles in Southern California, the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed by the Californios on January 13, 1847, securing American control in California. Following the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo that ended the war, the region was divided between Mexico and the U.S.; the western territory of Alta California, was to become the U.S. state of California, and Arizona, Nevada, Colorado and Utah became U.S. Territories, while the lower region of California, the Baja Peninsula, remained in the possession of Mexico.
In 1848 the non-native population of California was estimated to be no more than 15,000. After gold was discovered, the population burgeoned with U.S. citizens, Europeans and other immigrants during the great California Gold Rush. By 1854 over 300,000 settlers had come.[39] On September 9, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted to the United States undivided as a free state, denying the expansion of slavery to the Pacific Coast.
However, California's native population precipitously declined due to murder, starvation, and infections. Like in other states, the native inhabitants were forcefully removed from their lands by incoming miners, ranchers, and farmers. And despite the fact that California entered the union as a free state, the Native population was enslaved under the 1853 Act for the Government and Protection of Indians.[40] There were several massacres, including the Yontoket Massacre, the Bloody Island Massacre at Clear Lake, and the Old Shasta Massacre, in which hundreds of indigenous people were killed. Between 1850 and 1860, California paid around 1.5 million dollars (some 250,000 of which was reimbursed by the federal government)[41] to hire militias whose purpose was to protect settlers from the indigenous populations. In subsequent decades, the native population was placed in reservations and rancherias, which were often very small and isolated and lacked adequate natural resources or funding from the government to sustain the populations living on them.[40] As a result, the rise of California brought great hardship for the native inhabitants. Several scholars, including Benjamin Madley and Ed Castillo, have described the actions of the California government as a genocide.[42]
The seat of government for California under Spanish and later Mexican rule was located at Monterey from 1777 until 1835, when Mexican authorities abandoned[dubious – discuss] California, leaving their missions and military forts behind.[43] In 1849 the Constitutional Convention was first held there. Among the duties was the task of determining the location for the new state capital. The first legislative sessions were held in San Jose (1850–1851). Subsequent locations included Vallejo (1852–1853), and nearby Benicia (1853–1854); these locations eventually proved to be inadequate as well. The capital has been located in Sacramento since 1854[44] with only a short break in 1861 when legislative sessions were held in San Francisco due to flooding in Sacramento.
Initially, travel between California and the rest of the continental U.S. was time consuming and dangerous. A more direct connection came in 1869 with the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad through Donner Pass in the Sierra Nevada mountains. Once completed, hundreds of thousands of U.S. citizens came west, where new Californians were discovering that land in the state, if irrigated during the dry summer months, was extremely well suited to fruit cultivation and agriculture in general. Vast expanses of wheat, other cereal crops, vegetable crops, cotton, and nut and fruit trees were grown (including oranges in Southern California), and the foundation was laid for the state's prodigious agricultural production in the Central Valley and elsewhere.
Migration to California accelerated during the early-20th century with the completion of major transcontinental highways like the Lincoln Highway and Route 66. In the period from 1900 to 1965, the population grew from fewer than one million to become the most populous state in the Union. In order to meet the population's needs, major engineering feats like the California and Los Angeles Aqueducts; the Oroville and Shasta Dams; and the Bay and Golden Gate Bridges were built across the state. The state government also adopted the California Master Plan for Higher Education in 1960 to develop a highly efficient system of public education.
Meanwhile, attracted to the mild Mediterranean climate, cheap land, and the state's wide variety of geography, filmmakers established the studio system in Hollywood in the 1920s. A couple of decades later, Stanford University and its Dean of Engineering Frederick Terman began encouraging faculty and graduates to stay in California instead of leaving the state, and develop a high-tech region in the area now known as Silicon Valley.[45] As a result of these efforts, California is currently regarded as a world center of the entertainment and music industries, of technology and engineering businesses, and as the U.S. center of agricultural production.
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of California
Population[link]
| Historical populations | |||
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| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1850 | 92,597 |
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| 1860 | 379,994 | 310.4% | |
| 1870 | 560,247 | 47.4% | |
| 1880 | 864,694 | 54.3% | |
| 1890 | 1,213,398 | 40.3% | |
| 1900 | 1,485,053 | 22.4% | |
| 1910 | 2,377,549 | 60.1% | |
| 1920 | 3,426,861 | 44.1% | |
| 1930 | 5,677,251 | 65.7% | |
| 1940 | 6,907,387 | 21.7% | |
| 1950 | 10,586,223 | 53.3% | |
| 1960 | 15,717,204 | 48.5% | |
| 1970 | 19,953,134 | 27.0% | |
| 1980 | 23,667,902 | 18.6% | |
| 1990 | 29,760,021 | 25.7% | |
| 2000 | 33,871,648 | 13.8% | |
| 2010 | 37,253,956 | 10.0% | |
| Sources: 1790–1990, 2000, 2010[46][47] Chart does not include Indigenous population figures. Studies indicate that the Native American population in California in 1850 was close to 150,000 before declining to 15,000 by 1900.[40][48] |
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The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of California was 37,691,912 on July 1, 2011, a 1.2% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[3] Between 2000 and 2009, there was a natural increase of 3,090,016 (5,058,440 births minus 2,179,958 deaths).[49] During this time period, international migration produced a net increase of 1,816,633 people while domestic migration produced a net decrease of 1,509,708, resulting in a net in-migration of 306,925 people.[49] The State of California's own statistics show a population of 38,292,687 for January 1, 2009.[11]
California is the second-most-populous sub-national entity in the Western Hemisphere and the Americas, with a population second to that of State of São Paulo, Brazil.[50] California's population is greater than that of all but 34 countries of the world.[51][52] Also, Los Angeles County has held the title of most populous U.S. county for decades, and it alone is more populous than 42 U.S. states.[53][54] In addition, California is home to eight of the 50 most populous cities in the United States: Los Angeles (2nd), San Diego (8th), San Jose (10th), San Francisco (13th), Fresno (34th), Sacramento (35th), Long Beach (36th), and Oakland (47th). The center of population of California is located in the town of Buttonwillow, Kern County.[note 2]
In 2010, illegal aliens constituted an estimated 7.3 percent of the population, the third highest percentage of any state in the country,[56][57] totaling nearly 2.6 million.[58] More than half originate from Mexico.[58]
Starting in the year 2010, for the first time since the California Gold Rush, California-born residents make up the majority of the state's population.[59]
Racial and ancestral makeup[link]
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This section's factual accuracy may be compromised due to out-of-date information. Please help improve the article by updating it. There may be additional information on the talk page. (October 2011) |
According to the 2010 U.S. Census Bureau:
- 57.6% White (40.1% Non-Hispanic White)
- 13.0% Asian (3.2% Chinese, 3.2% Filipino, 1.6% Vietnamese, 1.4% Indian, 1.2% Korean, 0.7% Japanese, 0.2% Hmong, 0.2% Cambodian, 0.2% Laotian, 0.1% Thai, 0.1% Pakistani)
- 6.2% Black or African American
- 1.0% Native American
- 4.9% Multiracial (1.3% White and "Some Other Race", 1.2% White and Asian, 0.6% White and Native American, 0.5% White and Black, 1.3% Other)
- 0.4% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (0.1% Samoan, 0.1% Guamanian or Chamorro, 0.1% Native Hawaiian, 0.2% "Other Pacific Islander")
- 37.6% are Hispanic or Latino (of any race) (30.7% Mexican, 1.5% Salvadoran, 0.9% Guatemalan, 0.5% Puerto Rican, 0.3% Nicaraguan, 0.2% Honduran, 0.2% Cuban, 0.2% Colombian, 0.2% Peruvian)
The principal ancestries of California's residents in 2009 has been surveyed to be:[60]
With regard to demographics, California has the largest population of White Americans in the U.S., an estimated 22,189,514 residents, although most demographic surveys do not measure actual genetic ancestry. The state has the fifth-largest population of African Americans in the U.S., an estimated 2,250,630 residents. California's Asian American population is estimated at 4.4 million, approximately one-third of the nation's 13.1 million Asian Americans. California's Native American population of 285,162 is the most of any state.[61]
According to estimates from 2008, California has the largest minority population in the United States by numbers, making up 57% of the state population.[47] In 2000, Hispanics comprised 32% of the population; that number grew to 37% in 2008.[62] Non-Hispanic whites decreased from 80% of the state's population in 1970 to 42% in 2008.[47][63]
Approximately 26% of California's public school students in the 2011–12 school year identified themselves as white (non-Hispanic), and 52.1% of the state's students identified themselves as Hispanic or Latino. The following ethnic groups that made up the statewide public school student body were Asians (11.1%), African Americans (6.5%), Native Americans (0.7%), and Pacific Islanders (0.6%). Students of mixed race made up 2.1% of the public schools. Hispanics made up the majority of the state's public schools since 2010. Los Angeles Unified School District, the largest school district in California and second largest in the nation, is 73.4% Hispanic, 9.5% African American, 9.0% non-Hispanic Caucasian, 6.2% Asian, 0.5% Native American, and 0.4% Pacific Islander.[64][65] While the population of minorities accounts for 102 million of 301 million U.S. residents, 20% of the national total live in California.[61][66]
Languages[link]
As of 2005, 57.6% of California residents age five and older spoke English as a first language at home, while 28.2% spoke Spanish. In addition to English and Spanish, 2.0% spoke Filipino, 1.6% spoke Chinese (which included Cantonese [0.6%] and Mandarin [0.4%]), 1.4% spoke Vietnamese, and 1.1% spoke Korean as their mother tongue. In total, 42.4% of the population spoke languages other than English.[67][68] California was historically one of the most linguistically diverse areas in the world, and is home to more than 70 indigenous languages derived from 64 root languages in 6 language families.[69][70] About half of the indigenous languages are no longer spoken, and all of California's living indigenous languages are endangered. There are some efforts toward language revitalization, such as for the Karuk language.
The official language of California has been English since the passage of Proposition 63 in 1986.[71] However, many state, city, and local government agencies still continue to print official public documents in numerous languages.[72] For example, the California Department of Motor Vehicles offers the written exam for the standard C Class driver's license in 31 languages along with English, and the audio exam in 11 languages.[73]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of California
The culture of California is a Western culture and most clearly has its modern roots in the culture of the United States, but also, historically, many Hispanic influences. As a border and coastal state, Californian culture has been greatly influenced by several large immigrant populations, especially those from Latin America.[74]
California has long been a subject of interest in the public mind and has often been promoted by its boosters as a kind of paradise. In the early 20th century, fueled by the efforts of state and local boosters, many Americans saw the Golden State as an ideal resort destination, sunny and dry all year round with easy access to the ocean and mountains. In the 1960s, popular music groups such as The Beach Boys promoted the image of Californians as laid-back, tanned beach-goers.
In terms of socio-cultural mores and national politics, Californians are perceived as more liberal than other Americans, especially those who live in the inland states. In some ways, California is the quintessential Blue State – accepting of alternative lifestyles, not uniformly religious, and preoccupied with environmental issues.
The gold rush of the 1850s is still seen as a symbol of California's economic style, which tends to generate technology, social, entertainment, and economic fads and booms and related busts.
LGBT[link]
Main articles: LGBT rights in California and LGBT history in California
California is considered generally liberal in its policies regarding the LGBT community, and the rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people have received greater recognition since 1960 at both the state and municipal level. California is home to a number of gay villages such as the Castro District in San Francisco, Hillcrest in San Diego, and West Hollywood.
Through the Domestic Partnership Act of 1999, California became the first state in the United States to recognize same-sex relationships in any legal capacity. However, the status of same-sex marriage in California is unique among the other U.S. states, in that California formerly granted marriage licenses to same-sex couples, but has discontinued doing so. In 2000, voters passed Proposition 22, which restricted state recognition of marriage to opposite-sex couples. However, in May 2008, the California Supreme Court struck down the initiative in In re Marriage Cases, leading to the marriage of over 85500 same-sex couples between May and November of that year. In November of the same year, the Supreme Court ruling was overruled when voters passed Proposition 8, an amendment to the California Constitution that limited marriages to those between one man and one woman, resulting in protests and further judicial cases.
In 2011, the State Legislature passed the FAIR Education Act, making California the first state to enforce the teaching of LGBT history and social sciences in the public school curriculum, while also prohibiting educational discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity.
Religion[link]
Main article: Religion in California
The largest religious denominations by number of adherents as a percentage of California's population in 2008 were the Catholic Church with 31 percent; Evangelical Protestants with 18 percent; and Mainline Protestants with 14 percent. Those unaffiliated with any religion represented 21 percent of the population.[75] The American Jewish Yearbook placed the total Jewish population of California at about 1,194,190 in 2006.[76]
The first priests to come to California were Roman Catholic missionaries from Spain. Roman Catholics founded 21 missions along the California coast, as well as the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco. California continues to have a large Roman Catholic population due to the large numbers of Mexicans and Central Americans living within its borders. California has twelve dioceses and two archdioceses, the Archdiocese of Los Angeles and the Archdiocese of San Francisco, the former being the largest archdiocese in the United States.
A Pew Research Center survey revealed that California is somewhat less religious than the rest of the US: 62 percent of Californians say they are "absolutely certain" of the belief in God, while in the nation 71 percent say so. The survey also revealed 48 percent of Californians say religion is "very important," compared to 56 percent nationally.[77]
Armed forces[link]
In California, as of 2002[update], the US Department of Defense had[78][unreliable source?]
- 123,948 active-duty military personnel
- 7,932 US Army personnel
- 96,047 US Navy (including 20,000+US Marines)
- 19,969 Air Force
- 58,076 DOD civilian personnel
In California, as of 2000[update] there were 2,569,340 veterans of US military service: 504,010 served in World War II, 301,034 in the Korean War, 754,682 during the Vietnam War, and 278,003 during 1990–2000 (including the Persian Gulf War).[78]
California's military forces consist of the Army and Air National Guard, the naval and state military reserve (militia), and the California Cadet Corps.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of California
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As of 2010, the gross state product (GSP) is about $1.9 trillion, the largest in the United States.[81] California is responsible for 13 percent of the United States' gross domestic product (GDP). As of 2006, California's GDP is larger than all but eight countries in the world (all but eleven countries by Purchasing Power Parity). In terms of taxation and regulations, workforce quality, and living environment, Chief Executive Group has ranked the state as the worst place to do business in the United States.[82]
In terms of jobs, the five largest sectors in California are trade, transportation, and utilities; government; professional and business services; education and health services; and leisure and hospitality. In terms of output, the five largest sectors are financial services, followed by trade, transportation, and utilities; education and health services; government; and manufacturing.[83]
California currently has the 5th highest unemployment rate in the nation at 12.5% as of January 2010[update] and had continued to rise, up significantly from 5.9% in 2007.[84][85]
California's economy is very dependent on trade and international related commerce accounts for approximately one-quarter of the state’s economy. In 2008, California exported $144 billion worth of goods, up from $134 billion in 2007 and $127 billion in 2006.[86] Computers and electronic products are California's top export, accounting for 42 percent of all the state's exports in 2008.[86]
Agriculture is an important sector in California's economy. Farming-related sales more than quadrupled over the past three decades, from $7.3 billion in 1974 to nearly $31 billion in 2004.[87] This increase has occurred despite a 15 percent decline in acreage devoted to farming during the period, and water supply suffering from chronic instability. Factors contributing to the growth in sales-per-acre include more intensive use of active farmlands and technological improvements in crop production.[87] In 2008, California's 81,500 farms and ranches generated $36.2 billion products revenue.[88]
Per capita GDP in 2007 was $38,956, ranking eleventh in the nation.[89] Per capita income varies widely by geographic region and profession. The Central Valley is the most impoverished, with migrant farm workers making less than minimum wage. Recently, the San Joaquin Valley was characterized as one of the most economically depressed regions in the U.S., on par with the region of Appalachia.[90] Many coastal cities include some of the wealthiest per-capita areas in the U.S. The high-technology sectors in Northern California, specifically Silicon Valley, in Santa Clara and San Mateo counties, have emerged from the economic downturn caused by the dot-com bust.
In 2010, there were more than 663,000 millionaires in the state, more than any other state in the nation.[91]
State finances[link]
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This article is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see the talk page for more information. (May 2012) |
Main article: California state finances
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California levies a 9.3 percent maximum variable rate income tax, with six tax brackets, collecting about $40 billion per year (representing approximately 51% of General Fund revenue and 40% of tax revenue overall in FY2007).[92] California has a state sales tax of 8.25%, which can total up to 10.75% with local sales tax included.[93] All real property is taxable annually, the tax based on the property's fair market value at the time of purchase or completion of new construction. Property tax increases are capped at 2% per year (see Proposition 13).
However, California is facing a $26.3 billion budget deficit for the 2009–2010 budget year.[94] While the legislative bodies appeared to address the problem in 2008 with the three-month delayed passage of a budget they in fact only postponed the deficit to 2009 and due to the late 2008 decline in the economy and the credit crisis the problem became urgent in November 2008.
One potential problem is that a substantial portion of the state's income comes from income taxes on a small proportion of wealthy citizens. For example, it is estimated that in 2004 the richest 3% of state taxpayers (those with tax returns showing over $200,000 in yearly income) paid approximately 60% of state income taxes.[95] The taxable income of this population is highly dependent upon capital gains, which has been severely impacted by the stock market declines of this period. The governor has proposed a combination of extensive program cuts and tax increases to address this problem, but owing to longstanding problems in the legislature these proposals are likely to be difficult to pass as legislation.
State spending increased from $56 billion in 1998 to $131 billion in 2008, and the state was facing a budget deficit of $40 billion in 2008.[96] California is facing another budget gap for 2010,[97] with $72 billion in debt.[98] California faces a massive and still-growing debt.[99]
In 2009 the California economic crisis became severe as the state faced insolvency.[100][dated info] In June 2009 Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger said "Our wallet is empty, our bank is closed and our credit is dried up."[101] He called for massive budget cuts of $24 billion, about 1⁄4 of the state's budget.[101] California, with 12% of the U.S. population, has one-third of the nation's welfare recipients.[102]
Infrastructure[link]
Energy[link]
Main article: Energy use in California
Because it is the most populous U.S. state, California is one of the country's largest users of energy. However because of its mild weather and strong environmental movement, its per capita energy use is one of the smallest of any U.S. state.[103] Due to the high electricity demand, California imports more electricity than any other state, primarily hydroelectric power from states in the Pacific Northwest (via Path 15 and Path 66) and coal- and natural gas-fired production from the desert Southwest via Path 46.[104]
As a result of the state's strong environmental movement, California has the some of the most aggressive renewable energy goals in the United States, with a target for California to obtain a third of its electricity from renewables by 2020.[105] Currently, several solar power plants such as the Solar Energy Generating Systems facility are located in the Mojave Desert. California's wind farms include Altamont Pass, San Gorgonio Pass, and Tehachapi Pass. And a number of dams across the state also provide hydro-electric power.
The state’s crude oil and natural gas deposits are located in the Central Valley and along the coast, including the large Midway-Sunset Oil Field. Natural gas-fired power plants typically account for more than one-half of State electricity generation.
California is also home to two major nuclear power plants: Diablo Canyon and San Onofre. However, voters banned the approval of new nuclear power plants since the late 1970s because of concerns over radioactive waste disposal.[106][note 3] In addition, several cities such as Oakland, Berkeley and Davis have declared themselves as nuclear-free zones.
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation of California
California's vast terrain is connected by an extensive system of controlled-access highways ('freeways'), limited-access roads ('expressways'), and highways. California is known for its car culture, giving California's cities a reputation for severe traffic congestion. Construction and maintenance of state roads and statewide transportation planning are primarily the responsibility of the California Department of Transportation, nicknamed "Caltrans". The rapidly growing population of the state is straining all of its transportation networks, and California has some of the worst roads in the United States.[108][109] The Reason Foundation's 19th Annual Report on the Performance of State Highway Systems ranked California's highways the third-worst of any state, with Alaska second, and Rhode Island first.[110]
The state has been a pioneer in road construction. One of the state's more visible landmarks, the Golden Gate Bridge, was once the longest suspension bridge main span in the world at 4,200 feet (1,300 m) when it opened in 1937. With its orange paint and panoramic views of the bay, this highway bridge is a popular tourist attraction and also accommodates pedestrians and bicyclists. The San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge (often abbreviated the "Bay Bridge"), completed in 1936, transports approximately 280,000 vehicles per day on two-decks. Its two sections meet at Yerba Buena Island through the world's largest diameter transportation bore tunnel, at 76 feet (23 m) wide by 58 feet (18 m) high.[111] The Arroyo Seco Parkway, connecting Los Angeles and Pasadena, opened in 1940 as the first freeway in the Western United States.[112] It was later extended south to the Four Level Interchange in downtown Los Angeles, regarded as the first stack interchange ever built.[113]
Los Angeles International Airport and San Francisco International Airport are major hubs for trans-Pacific and transcontinental traffic. There are about a dozen important commercial airports and many more general aviation airports throughout the state.
California also has several important seaports. The giant seaport complex formed by the Port of Los Angeles and the Port of Long Beach in Southern California is the largest in the country and responsible for handling about a fourth of all container cargo traffic in the United States. The Port of Oakland, fourth largest in the nation, handles trade from the Pacific Rim and delivers most of the ocean containers passing through Northern California to the entire USA.
The California Highway Patrol is the largest statewide police agency in the United States in terms of employment with over 10,000 employees. They are responsible for providing any police-sanctioned service to anyone on California's state maintained highways and on state property.
The California Department of Motor Vehicles is by far the largest in North America. By the end of 2009, the California DMV had 26,555,006 driver's licenses and ID cards on file.[114] In 2010, there were 1.17 million new vehicle registrations in force.[115]
Intercity rail travel is provided by Amtrak California, which manages the three busiest intercity rail lines in the U.S. outside the Northeast Corridor, all of which are funded by Caltrans. This service is becoming increasingly popular over flying and ridership is continuing to set records, especially on the LAX-SFO route.[116] Integrated subway and light rail networks are found in Los Angeles (Metro Rail) and San Francisco (MUNI Metro). Light rail systems are also found in San Jose (VTA), San Diego (San Diego Trolley), Sacramento (RT Light Rail), and Northern San Diego County (Sprinter). Furthermore, commuter rail networks serve the San Francisco Bay Area (ACE, BART, Caltrain), Greater Los Angeles (Metrolink), and San Diego County (Coaster).
The California High-Speed Rail Authority was created in 1996 by the state to implement an extensive 700 mile (1127 km) rail system. Construction was approved by the voters during the November 2008 general election, a $9.95 billion state bond will go toward its construction.[117] Nearly all counties operate bus lines, and many cities operate their own bus lines as well. Intercity bus travel is provided by Greyhound and Amtrak Thruway Coach.
In March 2011, California ranked as a top BEST state in the American State Litter Scorecard for overall effectiveness and quality of its public space cleanliness – primarily roadway litter–from state and related debris removal efforts.[118]
Government and politics[link]
State government[link]
Main article: Government of California
California is governed as a republic, with three branches of government – the executive branch consisting of the Governor and the other independently elected constitutional officers; the legislative branch consisting of the Assembly and Senate; and the judicial branch consisting of the Supreme Court of California and lower courts of California. The state also allows direct participation of the electorate by initiative, referendum, recall, and ratification. California allows each political party to choose whether to have a closed primary or a primary where only party members and independents vote. The state's capital is Sacramento.
The Governor of California and the other state constitutional officers serve four-year terms and may be re-elected only once. The California State Legislature consists of a 40-member Senate and 80-member Assembly. Senators serve four-year terms and Assembly members two. Members of the Assembly are subject to term limits of three terms, and members of the Senate are subject to term limits of two terms.
California's legal system is explicitly based upon English common law[119] (as is the case with all other states except Louisiana) but carries a few features from Spanish civil law, such as community property. Capital punishment is a legal form of punishment and the state has the largest "Death Row" population in the country (though Texas is far more active in carrying out executions). California's "Death Row" is in San Quentin State Prison situated north of San Francisco in Marin County. Executions in California are currently on hold indefinitely as human rights issues are addressed.[120] California's prison population grew from 25,000 in 1980 to over 170,000 in 2007.[121]
California's judiciary is the largest in the United States (with a total of 1,600 judges, while the federal system has only about 840). It is supervised by the seven Justices of the Supreme Court of California. Justices of the Supreme Court and Courts of Appeal are appointed by the Governor, but are subject to retention by the electorate every 12 years.
Politics[link]
Main article: Politics of California
| Year | Republican | Democratic |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 36.91% 5,011,781 | 60.94% 8,274,473 |
| 2004 | 44.36% 5,509,826 | 54.40% 6,745,485 |
| 2000 | 41.65% 4,567,429 | 53.45% 5,861,203 |
| 1996 | 38.21% 3,828,380 | 51.10% 5,119,835 |
| 1992 | 32.61% 3,630,574 | 46.01% 5,121,325 |
| 1988 | 51.13% 5,054,917 | 47.56% 4,702,233 |
| 1984 | 57.51% 5,467,009 | 41.27% 3,922,519 |
| 1980 | 52.69% 4,524,858 | 35.91% 3,083,661 |
| 1976 | 49.35% 3,882,244 | 47.57% 3,742,284 |
| 1972 | 55.01% 4,602,096 | 41.54% 3,475,847 |
| 1968 | 47.82% 3,467,664 | 44.74% 3,244,318 |
| 1964 | 40.79% 2,879,108 | 59.11% 4,171,877 |
| 1960 | 50.10% 3,259,722 | 49.55% 3,224,099 |
California has an idiosyncratic political culture compared to the rest of the country, and is sometimes regarded as a trendsetter.[122] It was the second state to recall their state governor, the second state to legalize abortion, and the only state to ban marriage for gay couples twice by voters (including Proposition 8 in 2008). Voters also passed Proposition 71 in 2004 to fund stem cell research, and Proposition 14 in 2010 to completely change the state's primary election process. California has also experienced disputes over water rights; and a tax revolt, culminating with the passage of Proposition 13 in 1978, limiting state property taxes.
What has been consistent in the last few decades is that California politics has trended towards the Democratic Party and away from the Republican Party. From 1899 to 1939, California had Republican governors. Once very conservative, having elected Republicans until 1958, California is now a reliable liberal, Democratic state. Since 1990, California has generally elected Democratic candidates to federal, state and local offices, including current Governor Jerry Brown; however, the state has elected Republican Governors, though many of its Republican Governors, such as Arnold Schwarzenegger, tend to be considered "Moderate Republicans" and more centrist than the national party.
The Democrats also hold a majority in both houses of the state legislature. There are currently 52 Democrats and 27 Republicans in the Assembly; and 25 Democrats and 15 Republicans in the Senate.
The trend towards the Democratic Party is most obvious in presidential elections; the Democratic Party candidate has won California's electoral votes in the last five elections. Additionally, both the state's current Democratic U.S. Senators, Dianne Feinstein, a native and former mayor of San Francisco, and Barbara Boxer, a former congresswoman from Marin County, have held onto their seats since they were first elected in 1992.
In the U.S. House, the Democrats have held a 34–19 edge since the seating of the 110th United States Congress in 2007. As the result of gerrymandering, the districts in California are usually dominated by one or the other party with very few districts that could be considered competitive.
In general, Democratic strength is centered in coastal regions of Los Angeles County and the San Francisco Bay Area. Republican strength is still greatest in eastern parts of the state. Orange County also remains mostly Republican. One study ranked Berkeley, Oakland, Inglewood and San Francisco in the top 10 most liberal American cities; and Bakersfield and Orange in the top 10 most conservative cities.[123]
Cities, towns and counties[link]
For lists of cities, towns, and counties in California, see List of California counties, List of largest California cities by population, List of incorporated cities and towns in California, List of California urban areas, and California locations by per capita income.
The state's local government is divided into 58 counties and 482 incorporated cities and towns; of which 460 are cities and 22 are towns. Under California law, the terms "city" and "town" are explicitly interchangeable; the name of an incorporated municipality in the state can either be "City of (Name)" or "Town of (Name)".[124]
Sacramento became California's first incorporated city on February 27, 1850.[125] San Jose, San Diego and Benicia tied for California's second incorporated city, each receiving incorporation on March 27, 1850.[126][127][128] Jurupa Valley became the state's most recent and 482nd incorporated municipality on July 1, 2011.[129][130]
The majority of these cities and towns are within one of five metropolitan areas. Sixty-eight percent of California's population lives in its three largest metropolitan areas, Greater Los Angeles Area, the San Francisco Bay Area, and the Riverside-San Bernardino Area.[citation needed] Although smaller, the other two large population centers are the San Diego and Greater Sacramento metro areas.
The state recognizes two kinds of cities: charter and general law.[124] General law cities owe their existence to state law and are consequentially governed by it; charter cities are governed by their own city charters. Cities incorporated in the 19th century tend to be charter cities. All ten of the state's most populous cities are charter cities.
Education[link]
Main article: Education in California
Public secondary education consists of high schools that teach elective courses in trades, languages, and liberal arts with tracks for gifted, college-bound and industrial arts students. California's public educational system is supported by a unique constitutional amendment that requires a minimum annual funding level for grades K-12 and community colleges that grows with the economy and student enrollment figures.[131]
California had over 6.2 million school students in the 2005–06 school year. Funding and staffing levels in California schools lag behind other states. In expenditure per pupil, California ranked 29th (of the 50 states and the District of Columbia) in 2005–06. In teaching staff expenditure per pupil, California ranked 49th of 51. In overall teacher-pupil ratio, California was also 49th, with 21 students per teacher. Only Arizona and Utah were lower.[132]
A 2007 study concluded that California's public school system was "broken".[133]
California's public postsecondary education offers a unique three tiered system:
- The research university system in the state is the University of California (UC), a public university system. There are ten general UC campuses, and a number of specialized campuses in the UC system.
- The California State University (CSU) system has almost 450,000 students, making it the largest university system in the United States. It is intended to accept the top one-third of high school students. The 23 CSU schools are primarily intended for undergraduate education.[134]
- The California Community Colleges System provides lower division coursework as well as basic skills and workforce training. It is the largest network of higher education in the US, composed of 110 colleges serving a student population of over 2.9 million.[135]
California is also home to such notable private universities as Stanford University, the University of Southern California, the California Institute of Technology, and the Claremont Colleges. California has hundreds of other private colleges and universities, including many religious and special-purpose institutions.
Sports[link]
Main articles: Sports in California and List of professional sports teams in California
The State of California is the only US state to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. The 1932 and 1984 Summer Olympics were held in Los Angeles. Squaw Valley Ski Resort in the Lake Tahoe region hosted the 1960 Winter Olympics. Multiple games during the 1994 FIFA World Cup took place in California, with the Rose Bowl in Pasadena hosting eight matches including the final, while Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto hosted six matches.
California has nineteen major professional sports league franchises, far more than any other state. The San Francisco Bay Area has seven major league teams spread in its three major cities: San Francisco, San Jose, and Oakland. While the Greater Los Angeles Area is home to ten major league franchises, it is also the largest metropolitan area not to have a team from the National Football League. San Diego has two major league teams, and Sacramento has one. The NFL Super Bowl has been hosted in California 11 times at four different stadiums: Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum, the Rose Bowl, Stanford Stadium, and San Diego's Qualcomm Stadium.
Home to some of the most prominent universities in the United States, California has long had many respected collegiate sports programs. California is home to the oldest college bowl game, the annual Rose Bowl, among others.
California has also long been a hub for motorsports and auto racing. The city of Long Beach holds an event every year in the month of April, which is host to IndyCar Series racing through the streets of downtown. Long Beach has hosted Formula One events there in the past, and also currently hosts an event on the American Le Mans Series schedule. Auto Club Speedway is a speedway in Fontana, and currently hosts one to two NASCAR Sprint Cup Series races a year, and used to host CART Indycar races. Infineon Raceway in Sonoma is a multi-purpose facility, featuring a road course and a drag strip. The road course is home to a NASCAR event, an IndyCar event, and used to host an International Motor Sports Association sports car event. The drag strip hosts a yearly NHRA event. Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca is a roadcourse that currently hosts an ALMS event, and formerly hosted CART events. The Auto Club Raceway at Pomona has hosted NHRA drag racing for over 50 years.
Below is a list of major sports teams in California:
| Club | Sport | League |
|---|---|---|
| Oakland Raiders | American football | National Football League |
| San Diego Chargers | American football | National Football League |
| San Francisco 49ers | American football | National Football League |
| Sacramento Mountain Lions | American football | United Football League |
| San Jose SaberCats | Arena football | Arena Football League |
| Los Angeles Dodgers | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| Oakland Athletics | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| San Diego Padres | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| San Francisco Giants | Baseball | Major League Baseball |
| Golden State Warriors | Basketball | National Basketball Association |
| Los Angeles Clippers | Basketball | National Basketball Association |
| Los Angeles Lakers | Basketball | National Basketball Association |
| Sacramento Kings | Basketball | National Basketball Association |
| Los Angeles Sparks | Basketball | Women's National Basketball Association |
| Anaheim Ducks | Ice hockey | National Hockey League |
| Los Angeles Kings | Ice hockey | National Hockey League |
| San Jose Sharks | Ice hockey | National Hockey League |
| Chivas USA | Soccer | Major League Soccer |
| Los Angeles Galaxy | Soccer | Major League Soccer |
| San Jose Earthquakes | Soccer | Major League Soccer |
| FC Gold Pride | Soccer | Women's Professional Soccer |
| San Diego Sockers | Soccer | Professional Arena Soccer League |
See also[link]
 |
Book: United States |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Outline of history
- Outline of geography
- List of people from California
- List of places in California
- National Register of Historic Places listings in California
 |
See more Wikipedia articles related to California. |
Notes[link]
- ^ Florida, Dry Tortugas, Cape Canaveral, and Appalachia appeared earlier,....From Spanish historian Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas's accounts, published in 1601.[21][verification needed]
- ^ The coordinates of the center of population are at 35°27′31″N 119°21′19″W / 35.458606°N 119.355165°W / 35.458606; -119.355165.[55]
- ^ Minnesota also has a moratorium on construction of nuclear power plants, which has been in place since 1994.[107]
References[link]
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- ^ California – Languages. Census. http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t20/tab05.pdf. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
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- ^ a b c Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ The summit of Mount Whitney is the highest point in the Contiguous United States.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". Reston, Virginia: USGS. April 29, 2005. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011. Originally published in 1995.
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- ^ "Page 1580 of the 1778 edition of Encyclopædia Britannica (second edition)". Hyzercreek.com. July 15, 2011. http://www.hyzercreek.com/britannica.htm. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
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- ^ see also Benjamin Madley, American Genocide: The California Indian Catastrophe, 1846–1873, Yale University Press, 2012.[dead link]
- ^ Gilliam, Albert (1846). Travels Over the Table Lands and Cordilleras of Mexico: During the Years 1843 and 44. Philadelphia: John Moore. http://books.google.com/books?id=VzICAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=PA&dq#v=onepage&q=&f=false.
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- ^ "Censo 2010: população do Brasil é de 190.732.694 pessoas". http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/presidencia/noticias/noticia_visualiza.php?id_noticia=1766&id_pagina=1. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
- ^ "International Database – County Rankings". US Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/idb/ranks.html. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Table A.1. Total Population by Sex in 2009 and Sex Ratio by Country in 2009" (PDF). World Population Prospects: The 2008 Edition, Highlights. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2009. pp. 31–35. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp2008/pdf/WPP2008_Highlights.pdf. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "About Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services". Los Angeles County Department of Public Social Services. December 2005. https://dpss.lacounty.gov/dpss/about_dpss/dpss_overview.cfm. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ Barrett, Beth (September 19, 2003). "Baby Slump In L.A. County". Los Angeles Daily News (Los Angeles Newspaper Group): pp. N4. http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/7215/baby_slump_in_la_county/index.html. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Population and Population Centers by State: 2000" (TXT). United States Census 2000. US Census Bureau Geography Division. May 20, 2002. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ Slevin, Peter (April 30, 2010). "New Arizona law puts police in 'tenuous' spot". Washington Post (Washington, DC): pp. A4. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/graphic/2010/04/29/GR2010042904397.html?sid=ST2010042905051.
- ^ behind Nevada and Arizona
- ^ a b Michael Gardner (April 19, 2011). "Cutting services to illegal immigrants isn’t easy". San Diego Union Tribune. http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/apr/19/cutting-services-to-illegal-immigrants-isn't-easy/. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ Watanabe, Teresa and Hector Becerra (April 1, 2010) "Native-born Californians regain majority status." Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "California – Selected Social Characteristics in the United States: 2007–2009". American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-context=adp&-qr_name=ACS_2009_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=ACS_2009_3YR_G00_&-tree_id=3309&-redoLog=true&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=04000US06&-format=&-_lang=en. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
- ^ a b "California – ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008". American Fact Finder. US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=04000US06&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-_sse=on. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Whites in state 'below the replacement' level". San Francisco Chronicle. June 5, 2010.
- ^ "Whites Now A Minority In California". CBC News. March 30, 2001.
- ^ "Enrollment by Ethnicity for 2011-12: Statewide Enrollment by Ethnicity (with county data)". California Department of Education. http://dq.cde.ca.gov/dataquest/Enrollment/EthnicEnr.aspx?cYear=2011-12&cGender=B&cType=ALL&cChoice=StEnrEth2. Retrieved April 21, 2012.
- ^ "Latino kids now majority in state's public schools". San Francisco Chronicle. November 13, 2010
- ^ "United States – ACS Demographic and Housing Estimates: 2006–2008". American Fact Finder. US Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR5&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=false&-_sse=on. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Most spoken languages in California in 2005". Modern Language Association. http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=6&county_id=&mode=state_tops&zip=&place_id=&cty_id=&ll=&a=&ea=&order=r. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ "Table 5. Detailed List of Languages Spoken at Home for the Population 5 Years and Over by State: 2000" (PDF). Census 2000. US Census Bureau. February 27, 2003. http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/phc-t20/tab05.pdf. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ Coyote Press. Native Tribes, Groups, Language Families and Dialects of California in 1770 (Map) (1966 ed.). http://www.californiaprehistory.com/tribmap.html. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ California State Parks. California Indians Root Languages and Tribal Groups (Map) (1994 ed.). http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23545. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ Wesson, Herb (July 17, 2001). "AB 800 Assembly Bill – Bill Analysis". California State Assembly. p. 3. http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/01-02/bill/asm/ab_0751-0800/ab_800_cfa_20020116_162757_sen_comm.html. Retrieved December 27, 2009. "In 1986, California voters amended the state constitution to provide that the: The [sic] Legislature and officials of the State of California shall take all steps necessary to insure that the role of English as the common language of the State of California is preserved and enhanced. The Legislature shall make no law which diminishes or ignores the role of English as the common language of California.""
- ^ Hull, Dana (May 20, 2006). "English already is "official" in California". San Jose Mercury News (San Jose, California: MediaNews Group). "English has been the "official" language of California since 1986, when voters passed Proposition 63. You'd barely know it. The Santa Clara County Registrar of Voters prints ballots in English, Spanish, Vietnamese, Chinese and Tagalog. California drivers can take the written license exam in 31 languages, from Amharic, which is spoken in Ethiopia, to Thai. You can view the state's online Megan's Law database of registered sex offenders in Portuguese or Punjabi. [..] Proposition 63, which received 73 percent of the vote in 1986, was largely symbolic, sending a message to immigrants that they should learn to speak English if they expected to live in California. The measure directed the state to "preserve, protect and strengthen the English language," but did not call for any specific action or enforcement. Twenty-six other states have official- English laws on the books."
- ^ "What other languages is the written or audio test available in?//Driver License and Identification (ID) Card Information". California Department of Motor Vehicles. http://www.dmv.ca.gov/dl/dl_info.htm#languages.
- ^ Park, Bborie (December 2003). "A World of Opportunity – Which New Languages Davis Students Would Like to Study and Why" (PDF). UC Davis Student Affairs Research and Information. http://www.sariweb.ucdavis.edu/downloads/311AWorldOfOpportunity.pdf. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ "Religious Affi liation by State in the U.S." (PDF). U.S Religious Landscape Study. Pew Research Center. p. 103. http://religions.pewforum.org/pdf/report-religious-landscape-study-full.pdf. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
- ^ Source: Ira M. Sheskin and Arnold Dashefsky, “Jewish Population of the United States, 2006,” in the American Jewish Year Book 2006, Volume 106 [1]
- ^ Helfand, Duke (June 24, 2008). "State has a relaxed view on religion – Survey finds Californians are less certain about the existence of God than others in the U.S.". The Los Angeles Times (Tribune Company). http://articles.latimes.com/2008/jun/24/local/me-faith24. Retrieved December 27, 2009.
- ^ a b "California – Armed forces". city-data.com. Advameg, Inc.. http://www.city-data.com/states/California-Armed-forces.html. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- ^ "Regional Economic Accounts (interactive tables)". Bureau of Economic Analysis. http://www.bea.gov/bea/regional/gsp/. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
- ^ "Country Comparison :: GDP (purchasing power parity)". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2001rank.html. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
- ^ "GDP by State". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/gdp-by-state. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
- ^ Donlon, JP (May 2, 2012). "Another Triumph for Texas: Best/Worst States for Business 2012". Chief Executive Group. accessed May 3, 2012
- ^ "2011 CalFacts". Lao.ca.gov. http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/2011/calfacts/calfacts_010511.aspx. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ Welch, William (February 20, 2009). "In California's meltdown, misery has long reach". USA Today (Gannett Co). http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2009-02-19-california-hurting_N.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Bls.gov; Local Area Unemployment Statistics
- ^ a b "Trade Statistics". California Chamber of Commerce. http://www.calchamber.com/international/trade/pages/tradestatistics.aspx. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ a b "Cal Facts 2006 State Economy". Legislative Analyst's Office of California. August 6, 2007. http://www.lao.ca.gov/2006/cal_facts/2006_calfacts_econ.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California Agricultural Production Statistics 2009–2010". cdfa.ca.gov (California Department of Food and Agriculture. 2010. http://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/. Retrieved October 5, 2010.
- ^ "State Personal Income 2006" (Press release). Bureau of Economic Analysis. March 27, 2007. http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/regional/spi/2007/spi0307.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Cowan, Tadlock (December 12, 2005). "California’s San Joaquin Valley: A Region in Transition" (PDF). Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. p. 2. http://www.centralvalleybusinesstimes.com/links/CRS%20San%20Joaquin%20Valley%20Report.pdf. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Scott, Walter (May 2, 2010). "Personality Parade". Parade Magazine. p. 2.
- ^ "California's Tax System: A Primer". http://www.lao.ca.gov/2007/tax_primer/tax_primer_040907.aspx. Retrieved July 23, 2010.
- ^ Equalization California Board of (July 2009). "Publication 71, California City and County Sales and Use Tax Rates, April 1, 2009 Edition" (PDF). http://www.boe.ca.gov/pdf/pub71.pdf. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
- ^ Yi, Matthew (July 2, 2009). "State's budget gap deepens $2 billion overnight". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/07/01/MNV118HCO8.DTL. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Pender, Kathleen (May 9, 2006). "Google's April surprise for state". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/05/09/MNGSVIO7NG1.DTL. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Nunes, Devin (January 10, 2009). "California's Gold Rush Has Been Reversed". The Wall Street Journal (Dow Jones & Company): p. A9. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123154816733469917.html. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California Makes Plea for U.S. Aid". The New York Times. Associated Press (The New York Times Company): p. A21. February 6, 2010. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/07/us/07calif.html. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
- ^ Christie, Jim; Linnane, Ciara; Parry, John (June 19, 2009). "Moody's warning on California debt stuns state". Reuters. San Francisco: Thomson Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE55I52L20090619. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
- ^ "State of California Debt Clock"
- ^ "California at Budget Impasse as State Nears Insolvency". Fox News Channel (News Corp.). February 15, 2009. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/02/15/california-budget-impasse-state-nears-insolvency. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ a b "California's time is running out". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-12. June 4, 2009. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/06/03/ED3T180828.DTL. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California's Greek Tragedy". The Wall Street Journal. March 13, 2012. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304537904577277242682364690.html.
- ^ Mufson, Steven (February 17, 2007). "In Energy Conservation, Calif. Sees Light". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/16/AR2007021602274.html. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
- ^ "California – U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". Tonto.eia.doe.gov. October 20, 2011. http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=CA. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
- ^ California OKs new transmission for renewables Reuters, December 17, 2009.
- ^ Doyle, Jim (March 9, 2009). "Nuclear power industry sees opening for revival". San Francisco Chronicle (Hearst Communications): p. A-1. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/03/08/MN3H16ANEN.DTL. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Brunswick, Mark (April 30, 2009). "Minnesota House says no to new nuclear power plants". Star Tribune (Minnesota: Chris Harte). http://www.startribune.com/politics/44101672.html?source=error. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ Mieszkowski, Katharine (September 2, 2010). "California Is Tops in Worst Roads – Pulse of the Bay". The Bay Citizen. http://www.baycitizen.org/blogs/pulse-of-the-bay/read-while-you-are-waiting-traffic-clear. Retrieved April 22, 2011.
- ^ "A bridge too far gone". The Economist. August 9, 2007. http://www.economist.com/node/9621456.
- ^ http://reason.org/files/19th_annual_highway_report.pdf
- ^ "The San Francisco – Oakland Bay Bridge Facts at a glance". California Department of Transportation. http://www.dot.ca.gov/hq/esc/tollbridge/SFOBB/Sfobbfacts.html. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ Pool, Bob (June 25, 2010). "Pasadena Freeway getting a new look and a new name". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2010/jun/25/local/la-me-parkway-20100625. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ "L.A.'s Famous Four-Level Freeway Interchange, 'The Stack,' Turns 58". KCET. September 22, 2011. http://www.kcet.org/updaily/socal_focus/history/la-as-subject/navigating-the-stack-the-four-level-turns-58.html. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
- ^ http://dmv.ca.gov/about/profile/official.pdf
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- ^ S. Spacek, 2011 American State Litter Scorecard: New Rankings for An Increasingly Environmentally Concerned Populous.
- ^ "California Codes, Civil Code Section 22-22.2". California Civil Codes. Legislative Counsel of the State of California. http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate?WAISdocID=81815814163+15+0+0&WAISaction=retrieve. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
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- ^ Thompson, Don (December 8, 2007). "Calif. Struggles with sentencing reform". USA Today (Gannett Company). http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-12-08-2244622424_x.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
- ^ "California Is A Political Trendsetter". CBS News. October 30, 2006. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/10/30/eveningnews/main2138297.shtml. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
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- ^ "Jurupa Valley Becomes California’s 482nd City". League of California Cities. March 11, 2011. http://newsletter.cacities.org/e_article002045084.cfm. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
- ^ Stokley, Sandra (June 14, 2011). "JURUPA VALLEY: Rushing to meet a July 1 incorporation". The Press-Enterprise. http://www.pe.com/localnews/riverside/stories/PE_News_Local_D_wcode15.40e71cc.html. Retrieved August 21, 2011.
- ^ "Proposition 98 Primer". Legislative Analyst's Office of California. February 2005. http://www.lao.ca.gov/2005/prop_98_primer/prop_98_primer_020805.htm. Retrieved January 29, 2010.
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- ^ Marshall, Carolyn (March 16, 2007). "Report Says Public Schools in California Are ‘Broken’ – New York Times". The New York Times (California). http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/16/education/16schools.html?adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1313692806-wLcsPvmsQ7+YfX++w1H+lQ. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
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Further reading[link]
- Chartkoff, Joseph L.; Chartkoff, Kerry Kona (1984). The archaeology of California. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1157-7. OCLC 11351549.
- Fagan, Brian (2003). Before California: An archaeologist looks at our earliest inhabitants. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 0-7425-2794-8. OCLC 226025645.
- Hart, James D. (1978). A Companion to California. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-502400-1.
- Moratto, Michael J.; Fredrickson, David A. (1984). California archaeology. Orlando: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-506182-X. OCLC 228668979.
External links[link]
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- State of California
- California State Guide, from the Library of Congress
Geographic data related to California at OpenStreetMap- California travel guide from Wikitravel
- California at the Open Directory Project
- 1973 documentary featuring aerial views of the California coastline from Mt. Shasta to Los Angeles
- Time-Lapse Tilt-Shift Portrait of California by Ryan and Sheri Killackey
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| Preceded by Wisconsin |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on September 9, 1850 (31st) |
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Wiki Summary
Alameda County is a county in the U.S. state of California. It occupies most of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 1,510,271, making it the 7th most populous county in the state. The county includes the cities of Oakland, which is its seat, and Berkeley.
The county was formed on March 25, 1853 from a large portion of Contra Costa County and a smaller portion of Santa Clara County.
The Spanish word alameda means "a place where poplar trees grow", a name which originally was given to the Arroyo de la Alameda (Poplar Grove Creek). The willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early explorers of a road lined with trees, also known as an alameda.[citation needed]
The county seat at the time it was formed was located at Alvarado; it was moved to San Leandro in 1856 where the county courthouse was destroyed by the devastating 1868 quake on the Hayward Fault. The county seat was then re-established in the town of Brooklyn from 1872-1875. Brooklyn is now part of Oakland, which has been the county seat since 1873.
