Niterói
—  Municipality  —
The Municipality of Niterói
View of Icaraí Beach
Flag Seal
Nickname(s): Cidade Sorriso (Smile City)
Location of Niterói
Coordinates: 22°52′58″S 43°06′14″W / 22.88278°S 43.10389°W / -22.88278; -43.10389
Country	Brazil
Region	Southeast
State	Rio de Janeiro
Founded	22 November 1573
Incorporated	1835
Government
• Mayor	Jorge Roberto Silveira (PDT)
Area
• Municipality	129.38 km2 (49.95 sq mi)
Elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Population (2010)[1]
• Municipality	487,327(39th)
• Density	3,684.4/km2 (9,543/sq mi)
• Metro	12,620,000 (As part of the Rio de Janeiro City's metropolitan region)
Time zone	UTC-3 (UTC-3)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-2 (UTC-2)
Postal Code	24000-000
Area code(s)	+55 21
Website	Niterói, Rio de Janeiro

Niterói (Portuguese pronunciation: [niteˈɾɔj]) is a city and municipality in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in southeast region of Brazil. It has an estimated population of 487,327 inhabitants (2010) and an area of 129.375 km (80.39 mi)², being the sixth most populous city in the state and the highest Human Development Index Rio de Janeiro's city, and one of largest in Brazil. Integrates the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area. The city has the nicknames of Niquiti, Nicki City and the Smile City (Cidade Sorriso).

Studies by the Getulio Vargas Foundation in June 2011 classified Niterói as the richest city of Brazil, with 55.7% of the population included in class A. Considering the classes A and B, Niterói also appears in the first place, with 85.9% of the population entered in these classes. The word "Niterói" comes from the Tupi language and means "water that hides".

This city was founded on November 22, 1573 by the Tupi Amerindian chief Araribóia (who later was converted to Roman Catholicism and given the Christian name of Martim Afonso, after the Portuguese explorer Martim Afonso de Sousa). It makes Niteroi the only Brazilian city to have been founded by a non-Christian, non-assimilated Brazilian Amerindian.^[2].

History[link]

Following the expulsion of French settlers from Rio de Janeiro in 1567 by Estácio de Sá (the so-called France Antarctique episode), the Portuguese crown began noticing that the bay of Rio de Janeiro would make a strategic scale for the Atlantic route of ships from Portugal to its colonies in Africa and Asia, as well an important advanced bridgehead for the defense of South Brazil. Fortresses were built and an alliance was formed with nearby native Tupi-Guarani tribes to defend the settlement against other European invaders.

Araribóia, the chief of one of these allied tribes - the Temininós - requested from the Portuguese General-Governor of Brazil, Mem de Sá, a tract of land; his request was granted, and he was rewarded with the region called "Banda D'Além" (the land beyond), in the eastern side of the bay, from River Marui to the Red Barriers between Gragoata and Boa Viagem beaches.^[3] This area corresponded to what is nowadays the northwestern part of the county of Niterói, which includes the central and northern zones of its urban area. There, in the "Land Beyond", Araribóia founded the Village of Saint Lawrence of the Indians (in Portuguese, Vila de São Lourenço dos Índios), the embryo for the future city of Niterói, a Tupi name that means "Hidden Waters".

The village was visited by the king of Portugal, John VI, in 1816, who also decreed its emancipation from Rio de Janeiro on May 10, 1819 and gave the new-created county a new name, Vila Real da Praia Grande (Royal Village of Long Beach).

In 1834, the city of Rio de Janeiro, capital of the newly established Empire of Brazil, was detached from the rest of the province of Rio de Janeiro; Vila Real da Praia Grande was then chosen as the new capital of that province, while the city of Rio de Janeiro itself was converted into a neutral county, following the Ato Adicional. Niteroi served the function of capital till the year of 1975 - except for the period between 1894 and 1903 when it was temporarily transferred to the city of Petrópolis.

Vila Real da Praia Grande was officially renamed to Niterói on March 6, 1835 after the Tupi Nictheroy (hidden waters). This old spelling persisted until the mid-20th century, when the current spelling - Niterói - was adopted.

In 1890, the Brazilian provinces began being called states and the neutral county (Rio de Janeiro city) had its status changed to Federal District (or simply DF, the Brazilian acronym for Distrito Federal). Following the transference of Brazil's capital to Brasilia DF in 1960, the city of Rio de Janeiro was made into a small, one-county state, named state of Guanabara. This state was finally absorbed by the state of Rio de Janeiro in 1975; since then, Niteroi lost its condition of the state's capital in favor of the city of Rio de Janeiro.

A circus fire in the city killed 323 people in December, 17 1961; the fire was later found to have been deliberately set by disgruntled circus employees. It is one of the worst tragedies in Brazilian history and the most fatal in the annals of world circus show history.

On April 8, 2010; the mudslide triggered due to heavy rainfall cost at least 200 lives. At least 11,000 people were forced to flee homes due to further mudslides.^[4]

See more information about Niterói History on [1]

Growth[link]

Itacoatiara Beach.

By the time of its emancipation, the urban area of Niteroi corresponded to its central zone and São Domingos only. The south zone - Icarai, Santa Rosa, Vital Brazil - began being urbanized in 1841, when the Santa Rosa farm was divided into estates, while Jurujuba evolved from an old fishermen colony. São Francisco and Charitas, sites named after the Catholic Church built in honor to Saint Francis by the Jurujuba cove, remained sparsely populated till about 1940. As for the northern zone of Niteroi, its urbanization began in the late 19th century, when a tramway was inaugurated, allowing the expansion of the city to north and northeast, as well boosting the urban growth of the neighbour county of São Gonçalo

The realm of Itaipu - a former vast zone of farming lands and forests west to Niteroi - was annexed to the county in 1943. It has lost its countryside traits and its urban population has grown fast since the late 1960s.

In the early 20th century, Niteroi started its industrialization boom.

Economy[link]

Night view.

Niteroi is one most important financial and commercial centers in Rio de Janeiro State, like a modern city, with modern buildings and several shopping malls. Its economy is centered on its trading and commerce services, like imobiliary corporations, graphic design, web design and publicity. It also hosts industries of food (especially seafood), clothes, caldle, marine objects;

The city is located 25 minutes away from Rio de Janeiro's downtown region. Niterói boasts the title of fourth richest city in the state, and the third in Rio de Janeiro City Metropolitan Area. The Niterói Contemporary Art Museum, the city's main landmark, was designed by the famous Brazilian modernist architect Oscar Niemeyer. The landscape of the central urban area of the city is dominated by a high cylindric building though, the Niterói Tower, that hosts different professional offices and belongs to the Niterói Shopping Mall.

Demographics[link]

Museum of Contemporary Art.

Niteroi is 14 km (8.7 mi) distant from Rio de Janeiro City, to which it is linked by the Rio-Niterói bridge and two ferry-boat services. According the 2010 Brazilian Census, the city has a population of 487,320 people, making it the sixth most populous city in the state of Rio de Janeiro and the 39th most populous in the country. As of 2010 Census, the Niterói population growth 1,3% from 2000 to 2010, making Niterói the lowest city population growth in the state of Rio de Janeiro in this period.

The quality of life of the city municipality of Niteroi is considered one of the best (3rd place) among 5,600 other Brazilian municipalities, according to UN indexes (2000 est.).

Education[link]

Niteroi is the seat of the Fluminense Federal University, one of the most important research centers in Brazil.^[5] It does have other colleges such as ISE La Salle and Candido Mendes University.

Catholic schools, mainly La Salle Institute and São Vicente de Paulo, are the most traditional elementary and high schools of the city. Other important schools are Pedro II, Assunção, Gay Lussac, the Salesian High School, ETE - Henrique Lage (a.k.a. Faetec), pH, MV1, Colégio M3 and Oswaldo Cruz Institute.

Niterói has the highest Human Development Index (HDI) and best level of literacy in the State of Rio de Janeiro.^[6]

Politics[link]

São Francisco Beach.

Current mayor of Niterói is Jorge Roberto Silveira of the Democratic Labour Party was elected in 2008 for a four-year term.

Administrative divisions[link]

From 1943 to the late 1970s, the county of Niteroi comprised two districts only: the district of Niteroi (original area) and the district of Itaipu (acquired in 1943), which barely had an urban continuity or even proper road links to each other and were considered apart areas. The fractioning of Itaipu's farms into real estates as well its imobiliary boom after the building of the Rio-Niterói's bridge demanded a better integration between the two sides of the county which led to the improving of the roads and urban facilities and a reformation on the make up of Niteroi's administrative division. The county was reorganised into five districts. In the early 1990s, the administrative division of Niterói was altered once again, being the county now divided into twelve administrative, further subdivided into 48 neighborhoods.

Notable people from Niterói[link]

Indian Rock.

Santa Cruz Fortress.

• Alex Rodrigo Dias da Costa – footballer
• André Marques – TV show host, entertainer
• Arthur Maia – musician (bass player)
• Baby Consuelo – singer
• Bart Rabelo – musician & writer
• Benjamin Constant – politician
• Black Alien – rapper
• Bruno Beltrão – choreographer
• Daniel Lins Cortês – footballer
• Dedé Santana – comedian
• Edmundo – footballer
• Fernanda Keller – triathlete, iron-man winner
• Fernanda Young – writer, TV entertainer, actress
• Francisco Frias – guitarist, composer, also known in Niteroi as Bolinha
• Gérson – footballer
• Gustavo Beaklini – harpist
• Isaac Bardavid – actor and dubber
• Juliana Paes – actress and model
• Leonardo – Paris Saint-Germain F.C. Manager.
• Marcello Antony – actor
• Marcelo Ferreira – athlete (sailing), Olympic medallist
• Matheus Fernandes – singer
• Murilo Benício – actor
• Mylena Ciribelli – journalist
• Perla Haney-Jardine – actress
• Raica Oliveira – top model
• Ricardo Arona – fighter
• Sérgio Mendes – musician, songwriter
• Rodrigo Pagani – 3x International Masters & Seniors Brazilian Jiu Jitsu Champion
• Torben Grael and Lars Grael – athletes (sailing), Olympic medallists
• Dr Cesar Nahoum – famous doctor

References[link]

Gymnastic formation squad of Niteroi

Notes

External links[link]

• Niterói Tourism Oficial Web Site
• A guide to the city of Niterói
• Satellite picture by Google Maps
• Gymnastic formation squadron of Niteroi, Nov. 2009

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Niterói

• Amo Niterói - All about Niterói city.

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Coordinates: 22°53′00″S 43°06′13″W / 22.8833333°S 43.10361°W / -22.8833333; -43.10361

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Marcos Pereira (born 2 April 1975) is a retired Brazilian football striker who played for several clubs in the Belgian Pro League, including K.V. Mechelen, K. Sint-Truidense V.V. and Royal Antwerp.

External links[link]

• Profile at Guardian's Stats Centre

This biographical article related to a Brazilian association football forward born in the 1970s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2009)

Kiko Loureiro
Background information
Born	(1972-06-16) June 16, 1972 (age 40) Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Genres	Heavy metal, power metal, progressive metal, neo-classical metal, folk metal
Instruments	Guitar, bass, piano, keyboards, drums
Years active	1988–present
Associated acts	Angra Legalyze A Chave Tarja Turunen Neural Code
Website	http://www.kikoloureiro.com.br
Notable instruments
Tagima K1

Kiko Loureiro (Pedro Henrique Loureiro, born on June 16, 1972 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a Brazilian Heavy metal guitarist, member of the band Angra.

Loureiro began studying music and playing acoustic guitar at age 11. Inspired by various artists, mainly Eddie Van Halen, Jimmy Page, Jimi Hendrix, and Randy Rhoads, he moved to the electric guitar at 13 and by 16 had already joined two bands, Legalize (Edu Mello - vocals, Dennis Belik - bass and Alja - Drums) and A Chave, and was playing in nightclubs in São Paulo. At 19, he helped co-found Brazilian power metal band Angra, with which he still plays. [1]

Due to the increase in popularity of power metal, Loureiro has become quite successful, both playing in Angra and as a solo artist. He is known for his tremendous technical skill on the guitar, frequently incorporating such techniques as two handed tapping, sweep picking (full sweeped arpeggios), alternate picking, artificial & natural harmonics and combining legato & staccatto in the same run or phrase. He is also well known for both his instructional and demonstration videos as well as for writing columns for and appearing on the cover of magazines Cover Guitarra, Guitar & Bass, and Young Guitar.

In addition to his rock/metal achievements, Loureiro has also played guitars on several eurobeat songs in collaboration with Dave Rodgers, including "Fevernova", "Ring of Fire" and "The Road is on Fire"

He speaks French, Spanish, Finnish and English in addition to his native Portuguese. He uploaded a video recently to his Youtube-account of him interviewing Finnish people on the streets in almost fluent Finnish.

Discography[link]

Solo[link]

• No Gravity (JVC/Victor Entertainment, 2005)
• Universo Inverso (Victor Entertainment/Seoul, 2006)
• Fullblast (JVC/Victor Entertainment, 2009)

Video Lesson and Instructional

• Guitarra Rock (1993)
• Os Melhores Solos e Riffs do Angra (2003)
• Tecnica e Versatilidade (2003)
• Guitarra Tecnica Para Iniciantes (2009)
• Rock Fusion Brasileiro (2009)
• Creative Fusion (2010)

Angra[link]

• Reaching Horizons (originally released in 1992, reissued in 1997)
• Angels Cry (JVC Japan, 1993)
• Evil Warning EP (1994)
• Holy Land (Gravadora Eldorado, 1996)
  • Make Believe Part 1 single (1996)
  • Make Believe Part 2 single (1997)
  • Make Believe Part 3 single (1997)
  • Make Believe Part 4 single (1997)
• Freedom Call EP (1996)
• Holy Live live EP (1997)
• Fireworks (SPV GmbH/Century Media Records, 1998)
  • Lisbon single (1998)
  • Rainy Nights single (1998)
• Rebirth (SPV GmbH/Steamhammer, 2001)
  • Acid Rain single (2001)
• Hunters and Prey EP (SPV GmbH/Steamhammer, 2002)
• Rebirth World Tour – Live in São Paulo live album and video (BMG/Victor Entertainment, recorded in 2001 and released in 2003)
• Temple of Shadows (SPV GmbH/Steamhammer, 2004)
  • Wishing Well single (2004)
• Aurora Consurgens (SPV GmbH/Steamhammer, 2006)
  • The Course of the Nature single (2006)
• Aqua (SPV GmbH/Steamhammer, 2010)

Tarja[link]

• My Winter Storm (2007)
• The Seer EP (2008)

Neural Code[link]

• Neural Code (2008)

He already played with famous musicians like: Joe Satriani, Doug Wimbish (Living Colour, Madonna), Victor Wooten, Jonh De Servio (Black Label Society), Steve Harris ( Iron Maiden), Tarja Turunen (Nightwish), Mike Terrana (Malmsteen), Andre Matos and many others.

External links[link]

• Official Kiko Loureiro Website
• Official Angra Website
• Official Kiko Loureiro Blog