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Chilean American(s)

Joaquin Murrieta • Claudio Arrau • Isabel Allende Cote de Pablo • Mario Kreutzberger • Tom Araya
Total population
126,810 Chilean Americans (2010 Census)
Regions with significant populations
California · New York · New Jersey · Florida · Texas · Utah
Languages
Spanish · American English
Religion
Roman Catholicism (predominantly) · Protestantism · Evangelicalism · Judaism ·
Related ethnic groups
other Hispanic and Latino Americans · Spaniards · other Europeans · others

Chilean Americans are United States citizens or residents of Chilean origin. They numbered 126,810 in 2010.^[1]

In 2000, close to 14,000 lived in the states of Florida and California, while around 16,330 lived in the states of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut and other New England states combined.^[2]

Motives of Immigration[link]

Most Chilean immigration to the U.S. has occurred largely within the last 25 years.^[3] For the most part, Chileans left as either political asylees and refugees during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, or for economic reasons. Also, there have been others that have emigrated to seek higher education and career development opportunities.

There are two major reasons why many Chileans have come to the United States during the last 25 years. The first group, small in number, emigrated because of the political repression of the Pinochet regime. Many of these immigrants are of middle or upper class origin. A significant proportion of them arrived with advanced educations and well-developed skills. They had contacts with other Chilean exiles and a sense of identity from their shared commitment to a democratic Chile. After a period of adjustment, many of them were able to pursue skilled jobs or professions. Unfortunately, others, who lacked skills or whose professional certifications were not recognized in the United States, were forced to take low-level jobs in which they were unable to use their skills. Some had been politically active students or union leaders in Chile who did not enter the United States with easily transferable skills.^[3]

The second major arrival into the United States was mainly for economic or academic opportunities. Yet, in general, acquiring a U.S. Visa requires the applicant to have a stable economic background, so most Chileans emigrating to the United States since 1990 have done so mostly for study purposes or to further their academic backgrounds.^[3]

Of the 857,781 Chilean expatriates around the globe 13.3% (114,084) live in the United States, 50.1% reside in Argentina, 8.8% in Brazil, 4.9% in Sweden, and around 2% in Australia, with the remaining 20% being scattered in smaller numbers across the globe, particularly the countries of the European Union.^[4][5][6]

Most Chileans who come to the United States settle in or around cities. They come from a highly urbanized country and find it compatible to settle in a metropolitan area. Cities provide the jobs they need and the opportunity to interact with other Chileans. They especially gravitate toward California, New York, and Florida because of the large Spanish-speaking population in these areas. Other states with larger number of Chileans include New Jersey and Texas. Many Chileans have also settled in North American neighbor Canada, especially in the cosmopolitan centers of Toronto and French speaking Montreal. During the Pinochet regime the Canadian government allowed them special entry visas for humanitarian reasons.^[3]

Today, it is for economic or academic rather than political reasons that Chileans emigrate.^[7]

Chilean American population profile[link]

In the United States Chilean Americans are categorized as Hispanics which are a classified ethnic group that may belong to any race. Included in the group are White Hispanics, mainly Mexican Americans, who comprise a plurality of 48% of U.S. Hispanics.^[8] Many Chilean Americans self report their ancestry as white. It follows Chile's own ethnography, where Whites of European ancestry form a large group along with Mestizos.^{[9][10][11][12]} Chile, like the United States, is a melting pot of different nationalities. However, unlike Americans, Chileans strictly identify themselves by place of birth and the use of hyphenated national origin is non-existent.

Chile is "far away and does not share borders with the United States, immigrants cannot simply cross a border to enter the country. They must save money and work hard to get here,"^[3] creating a situation where those who can afford to leave their countries may belong to the upper and upper-middle classes or at least have the legal means to access a visa into the United States, which requires a stable economic background.

Chilean American history[link]

Chileans and other South Americans had long been present in the state of California since the 1850s gold rush. Not all Chileans made it to the gold fields. Some remained in San Francisco, Sacramento and Stockton where they frequently worked as bricklayers, bakers, or seamen. Some with capital established themselves in various businesses, particularly the importation of flour and mining equipment from Chile. In the cities most tended to congregate and live in specific areas in the poorer sections of town. In the gold fields they lived in separate camp sites. In the summer of 1849 Chileans constituted the major element in the population of Sonora. Chileans frequently worked their mines as group efforts. When the placer gold ran out around Sonora the Chileans were some of the first miners in California to extract gold from quartz.^[13]

The descendants of these Chileno Forty-Niners can not only be proud of the achievements of their forefathers but of their own: Entrepreneurs, judges, congressmen and other people who have left their tracks in the History of the State. Many of the San Francisco Streets carry names of former residents of Chile: Atherton, Ellis, Lick, Larkin and others. Chilean women also left their names: Mina and Clementina. Manuel Briseño, an early journalist in the mines was one of the founders of the San Diego Union. Juan Evangelista Reyes was a Sacramento pioneer as were the Luco brothers. Luis Felipe Ramírez was one of the City Fathers in Marysville. The Leiva family owned at one time, much of the land in Marin County, including Fort Ross. Chileans integrated quickly and like their "Little Chiles," they were soon absorbed by the ever-growing State of California, becoming part of the mainstream of the present population of the Golden State.^[14]

Every mining town had its own Chilecito or little Chile. Historical remnants of those settlements influenced the names of locations such as Chileno Valley in Marin County, Chili Gulch in Calaveras and Chili Bar in Placer which was named after Chilean road builders. Names of Chilean towns and places are often found in the names of streets in Northern California: Valparaiso, Santiago, and Calera.^[15][16]

It is disputed that famous Californio or Spanish/Mexican Californian bandit Joaquin Murrieta may have been born in Chile, and his mother was of Cherokee Indian ancestry whose family settled in Chile in the late 18th century.^[17] Chilean poet Pablo Neruda published the play Fulgor y Muerte de Joaquin Murieta and used literary license to expand on the lack of unanimity about Murieta's origins to create a martyred Chilean Robin Hood.^[18] Another source claims that Murieta's national origin was changed from Mexican to Chilean after various transcontinental and translated reprints.^[19]

Because of their geographic location pertaining to the settlements associated with the California Gold Rush Chileans played an integral part in the foundation of cities such as Belmont, San Carlos, and Menlo Park (San Mateo County) in the 1800s. San Francisco's landmark North Beach neighborhood was previously the "Little Santiago" neighborhood.^{[citation needed]}Other cities like Beverly Hills, Long Beach, Palm Desert (Coachella Valley), Sacramento, San Diego and Santa Ana, California (Orange County) have small but prevalent Chilean-American communities.

In 1975 Chilean exiles of the Agusto Pinochet dictatorship established La Peña Cultural Center in Berkeley, California, which is to this day the largest Chilean cultural center in the United States.

US communities with high percentages of people of Chilean ancestry[link]

The top 25 US communities with the highest percentage of people claiming Chilean ancestry (and/or born in Chile) are:^[20]

1. Sleepy Hollow, NY 3.7%
2. Manorhaven, NY 2.7%
3. West Echols, GA 2.5%
4. Oyster Bay, NY 2.3%
5. Locust Valley, NY 2.2%
6. Mill Neck, NY 2.0%
7. Youngsville, NC 1.9%
8. Mission Bay, FL 1.8%
9. Doral, FL 1.8%
10. Hoonah, AK 1.8%
11. Beatyestown, NJ 1.8%
12. Forest Home, NY 1.8%
13. Victory Gardens, NJ 1.8%
14. Morenci, AZ 1.7%
15. South Palm Beach, FL 1.7%
16. Juno Ridge, FL 1.6%
17. Dover, NJ 1.5%
18. Fountainbleau, FL 1.4%
19. Placid Lakes, FL 1.3%
20. Ellenville, NY 1.3%
21. Falcon Lake Estates, TX 1.2%
22. North Westside, FL 1.2%
23. Briarcliff, TX 1.2%
24. Scottsville, VA 1.2%
25. The Crossings, FL 1.2%

Chilean American population centres[link]

• (United States Census Bureau, 2006)
• California: 13,550 (estimates to 20,000).
  • San Francisco/San José Bay Area (San Francisco, Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, Santa Clara, San Mateo, Solano and Sonoma counties): 4,500-5,000 (estimated).
    • Alameda County: 719
    • Contra Costa County: estimated at 2,000
    • Marin County: 405
    • Napa County: 385
    • Santa Clara County: 775
    • San Francisco County: 2,473
    • San Mateo County: 574
    • Solano County: 500
    • Sonoma County: estimated at 1,500
  • Los Angeles County: 5,508
    • City of Los Angeles: 2,736
  • Orange County: 1,052
  • Riverside County : estimated at 1,500
  • Sacramento County: estimated at 1,000
  • San Bernardino County: 483
  • San Diego County: 867
  • Santa Barbara County: 605
  • Ventura County: 258
• Arizona: 500
• Colorado: 740
• Connecticut: 1,264
• Florida: 13,400
  • Miami-Dade County: 7,910
    • City of Miami: 939
    • City of Miami Beach: 623
    • City of Hialeah: 611
• Georgia: 872
• Illinois: 1,727
  • City of Chicago: 640
• Maryland: 2,316
• Massachusetts: 1,750
• Michigan: 660
• Minnesota: 499
• Missouri: 303
• Nevada: 697
• New Jersey: 5,129
• New York: 9,937
  • New York City: 5,014
• North Carolina: 924
• Ohio: 616
• Oklahoma: 500
• Oregon: 607
• Pennsylvania: 1,162
• Puerto Rico: 582
• Texas: 2,934
  • Dallas County: 329
  • Houston: 475
• Utah: 1,504
• Virginia: 2,040
• Washington: 1,229
• Wisconsin: 444
• District of Columbia: estimated at 1,000.

Notable Chilean Americans[link]

Actor Santiago Cabrera

Actress and model Leonor Varela

Laser physicist Frank Duarte

• Stanford professor Fernando Alegria.
• Isabel Allende, Chilean writer.
• Fernando Alvarez, famed jockey.
• Tom Araya of the popular thrash metal band Slayer was born in Chile.
• Claudio Arrau, pianist.
• Felipe Bazar, US Navy hero.
• Heroes actor Santiago Cabrera.
• Singer Beto Cuevas
• Actress Cote de Pablo.
• Boxer Patricia Demick.
• Famed jockey Ruperto Donoso.
• Educator, activist, and author Ariel Dorfman.
• Frank J. Duarte, laser physicist and author.
• Matias Duarte, inventor.
• Academic and Economist Sebastian Edwards.
• Julio M. Fernandez, biologist.
• Comedian Pablo Francisco.
• Alberto Fuguet, writer and film director.
• Lost actor Jorge Garcia.
• Julian, pornographic actor.
• Sportscaster and actress Lisa Guerrero.
• Mario Kreutzberger AKA, Don Francisco, of US Latino TV fame.
• Gonzalo Lira, cinematographer.
• Los Abandoned, Chilean American rock band from Van Nuys, California
• Claudio Miranda, novelist and filmmaker.
• Gabriela Mistral, Nobel laureate, was a resident in New York state.
• Nicole "Snooki" Polizzi, Chilean American reality television personality.
• Comedian Horatio Sanz of the comedy program SNL.
• Mercedes Valdivieso, Chilean writer and Rice University professor.
• Academic Arturo Valenzuela.
• Francisca Valenzuela, Chilean poet, singer, songwriter, and pianist.
• Actress Leonor Varela
• Academic Andres Velasco.
• Director Alexander Witt.
• Hector Salgado (Human Rights Activist, Filmmaker, Musician)
• Jackass actor Jason "Wee-Man" Acuña.

See also[link]

• Demographics of Chile
• Chilean British
• Chilean Australian
• List of Chileans

References[link]

• US Census Chilean Factpage
• Are We Really So Fearful? by Ariel Dorfman Washington Post 10/24/06

External links[link]

• Historical Text Archive History of Chileans and the California Gold Rush
• Rosales and the Chilean miners in California PBS American Experience the Gold Rush
  • (Spanish)
• Cámara Chileno Norteamericana de Comercio (AMCHAM) Chilean American Chamber of Commerce
  • (English)
• The Avalon Project (Yale Law School) Chilean Diplomacy
• La Peña Cultural Center a major Chilean community and political activism center in Berkeley, California.

Isabel Allende
Allende in Barcelona, 2008
Born	(1942-08-02) 2 August 1942 (age 69) Lima, Peru
Occupation	Author, journalist
Nationality	Chilean, American
Notable work(s)	The House of the Spirits
Notable award(s)	National Prize for Literature
www.isabelallende.com

Isabel Allende Llona (born in Lima, Peru, on 2 August 1942) is a Chilean American writer. ^{[1] [2]} Allende, whose works sometimes contain aspects of the "magic realist" tradition, is famous for novels such as The House of the Spirits (La casa de los espíritus, 1982) and City of the Beasts (La ciudad de las bestias, 2002), which have been commercially successful. Allende has been called "the world's most widely read Spanish-language author".^[3] In 2004, Allende was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Letters,^[4] and in 2010, she received Chile's National Literature Prize.^[5]

Allende's novels are often based upon her personal experience and pay homage to the lives of women, while weaving together elements of myth and realism. She has lectured and toured many American colleges to teach literature. Fluent in English as a second language, Allende was granted American citizenship in 2003, having lived in California with her American husband since 1989.

Biography[link]

Allende was born in Lima, Peru, the daughter of Francisca Llona Barros and Tomás Allende, who was at the time the Chilean ambassador to Peru. Her father was a first cousin of Salvador Allende, President of Chile from 1970 to 1973; so Salvador is her first cousin once removed.^[6][7][8] Many sources cite Allende as being Salvador Allende's niece (without specifying that the relationship is that Tomas and Salvador are cousins);^[9] the confusion stems from Allende herself often referring to Salvador as her "'uncle" (tío) in her private life and public interviews.^[10] This is because in Spanish a "first cousin once removed" is translated as "second degree uncle" (tío en segundo grado).

Isabel Allende at the Miami Book Fair International in 1990

In 1945, after Tomás had disappeared,^[6] Isabel's mother relocated with her three children to Santiago, Chile, where they lived until 1953.^[11][12] Between 1953 and 1958, Allende's mother married Ramón Huidobro and moved often. Huidobro was a diplomat appointed to Bolivia and Beirut. In Bolivia, Allende attended a North American private school; and in Beirut, Lebanon she attended an English private school. The family returned to Chile in 1958. Allende was also briefly home-schooled. In her youth, she read widely, particularly the works of William Shakespeare.

In 1970 Salvador Allende appointed Huidobro as ambassador to Argentina.^[12]

While living in Chile, Allende finished her secondary studies and met engineering student Miguel Frías whom she married in 1962.^[12] Reportedly, "Allende married early, into an Anglophile family and a kind of double life: at home she was the obedient wife and mother of two; in public she became, after a spell translating Barbara Cartland, a moderately well-known TV personality, a dramatist and a journalist on a feminist magazine."^[6]

From 1959 to 1965, Allende worked with the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization in Santiago, Chile, then in Brussels, Belgium, and elsewhere in Europe. For a brief while in Chile, she also had a job translating romance novels from English to Spanish.^[10] However, she was fired for making unauthorized changes to the dialogue of the heroines to make them sound more intelligent as well as altering the Cinderella endings to let the heroines find more independence and do good in the world.^[13]

Allende and Frías' daughter Paula was born in 1963. In 1966, Allende again returned to Chile and her son Nicolás was born there that year.

Reportedly, "the CIA-backed military coup in September 1973 (that brought Augusto Pinochet to power) changed everything" for Allende because "her name meant she was caught up in finding safe passage for those on the wanted lists" (helping until her mother and stepfather, a diplomat in Argentina, narrowly escaped assassination). When she herself was added to the list and began receiving death threats, she fled to Venezuela, where she stayed for 13 years.^[6][14] In Venezuela she was a columnist for El Nacional, a main newspaper. In 1978 she began a temporary separation from Miguel Frías. She lived in Spain for two months, then returned to her marriage.^[15]

Current life[link]

During a visit to California in 1988, Allende met her second husband, attorney Willie Gordon. In 1994, she was awarded the Gabriela Mistral Order of Merit, the first woman to receive this honor. Allende currently lives in San Rafael, California. Most of her family lives near her, with her son living "with his second wife and her grandchildren just down the hill; her son and his family live in the house she and her second husband, San Francisco lawyer and novelist William Gordon, vacated."^[6]

In 2006, she was one of the eight flag bearers at the Opening Ceremony of the Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.^[16] In 2008, Allende received the honorary degree Doctor of Humane Letters from San Francisco State University for her "distinguished contributions as a literary artist and humanitarian."^[17]

Foundation[link]

Allende started the Isabel Allende Foundation on 9 December 1996 to pay homage to her daughter, Paula Frías Allende who experienced a coma after complications of the disease porphyria led to her hospitalization.^[18] Paula was only 28 years old when she died in 1992.^[19] The foundation is "dedicated to supporting programs that promote and preserve the fundamental rights of women and children to be empowered and protected."^[20]

Literary career[link]

Isabel Allende (in red), 2007, California

Beginning in 1967, Allende was on the editorial staff for Paula magazine, and from 1969 to 1974 for the children's magazine Mampato, where she later was the editor.^[21] She published two children's stories, La Abuela Panchita (Grandmother Panchita) and Lauchas y Lauchones, as well as a collection of articles, Civilice a Su Troglodita. She also worked in Chilean television production for channels 7 (humorous programs) and 13 from 1970 to 1974.^[21] As a journalist, she once sought an interview with Pablo Neruda, a notable Chilean poet. While Neruda accepted the interview, he told her that she had too much imagination to be a journalist and should be a novelist instead.^[10] He also advised her to compile her satirical columns in book form.^[22] She did so, and this became her first published book. In 1973, Allende's play El Embajador played in Santiago, a few months before she was forced to flee the country due to the coup.

In Allende's time in Venezuela, she was a freelance journalist for El Nacional in Caracas from 1976 to 1983 and an administrator of the Marrocco School in Caracas from 1979 to 1983.^[21]

In 1981, when Allende learned that her grandfather, aged 99, was on his deathbed, she started writing him a letter that later evolved into a book manuscript, The House of the Spirits (1982); the intent of this work was to exorcise the ghosts of the Pinochet dictatorship. The book was a great success; Allende was compared to Gabriel García Márquez as an author of the style known as magical realism.^[6]

Allende's books have since become known for their vivid storytelling. Although Allende is often lumped together with the literary style of magical realism, her works often display elements of post-Boom literature, and as such her style cannot be described as purely adhering to magical realism. Allende also holds to a very methodical literary routine.^[23] She writes using a computer, working Monday through Saturday, 9:00 A.M. to 7:00 P.M. "I always start on 8 January", Allende stated; "a tradition she began in 1981 with a letter she wrote to her dying grandfather that would become the groundwork for her first novel, The House of the Spirits."^[24]

Allende's book Paula (1995) is a memoir of her childhood in Santiago, Chile and the following years she spent in exile. It is written in the form of a letter to her daughter Paula, who was being treated at a hospital in Spain following a porphyria-induced coma. In 1991, an error in medication resulted in severe brain damage and left Paula in a persistent vegetative state. Allende had her moved to a hospital in California where she died on 6 December 1992.

Allende's novels have been translated from Spanish into over 30 languages and sold more than 56 million copies.^[25][26] There are three movies based on her novels currently in production — Aphrodite, Eva Luna and Gift for a Sweetheart.^[20] Her 2008 book, The Sum of Our Days is a memoir. It focuses on her recent life with her immediate family, which includes her grown son, Nicolás; second husband, William Gordon; and several grandchildren.^[25] A novel set in New Orleans was published in 2010, The Island Beneath the Sea. In 2011 came El Cuaderno de Maya ("Maya's Notebook"), a novel in which the setting alternates between Berkeley, California, and Chiloé in Chile.

Literary criticism[link]

Despite her commercial success, Allende has been the subject of biting negative criticism from other authors and literary critics — among them Roberto Bolaño and Giannina Braschi who declared in her novel "Yo-Yo Boing!" that Isabel Allende is "killing García Márquez a little more each day the same way Michael Jackson's sisters are killing Michael Jackson."^[27] In an article published in Entre paréntesis, Bolaño writes that Allende's literature is anemic and compares it to a person on his deathbed.^[28] Bolaño has been one of her harshest critics, saying that it is to give her credit to call her a writer and that she is rather a "writing machine".^[29] Literary critic Harold Bloom concurs with Bolaño that Allende is a bad writer, and adds that she only reflects a determinate period and that afterwards everybody will have forgotten her.^[29][30] Of Bolaño, Allende said to El Clarín that she is honoured to be represented by him as a Chilean, although she remembered Bolaño regarded her as trash.^[31] In the same interview, Allende recognises that she has rarely had good criticism in Chile and that Chilean intellectuals "detest" her. Novelist Gonzalo Contreras says that "she commits a grave error, to confuse the commercial success with literary quality".^[32] Allende disagrees with these assessments of her, and she has also been quoted as saying:

The fact people think that when you sell a lot of books you are not a serious writer is a great insult to the readership. I get a little angry when people try to say such a thing. There was a review of my last book in one American paper by a professor of Latin American studies and he attacked me personally for the sole reason that I sold a lot of books. That is unforgivable.^[33]

Alternatively, it has been noted^{[by whom?]} that "Allende's impact not only on Latin American literature but also on world literature cannot be overestimated."^[20] The Los Angeles Times has called Allende "a genius,"^[20] and she has received many international awards, including the prestigious Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize,^[20] granted to writers "who have contributed to the beauty of the world."^[20] She has recently been called a "literary legend" by Latino Leaders Magazine, which in its 2007 article named Allende as the third most influential Latino leader in the world.^[20]

Awards[link]

• Novel of the Year (Chile, 1983)
• Panorama Literario (Chile, 1983)
• Author of the Year (Germany, 1984)
• Book of the Year (Germany, 1984)
• Grand Prix d'Evasion (France, 1984)
• Grand Prix de la Radio Télévision Belge (Point de Mire, 1985)
• Best Novel (Mexico, 1985)
• Colima Literary Prize (Mexico, 1986)
• Quality Paperback Book Club New Voice (United States; 1986 nominee)
• Author of the Year (Germany, 1986)
• XV Premio Internazionale I Migliori Dell'Anno (Italy, 1987)
• Premio Mulheres a la Mejor Novela Extranjera (Portugal, 1987)
• Los Angeles Times Book Prize nominee (United States, 1987)
• Library Journal's Best Book (United States, 1988)
• Before Columbus Foundation Award (United States, 1989)
• Orden al Mérito Docente y Cultural Gabriela Mistral (Chile, 1990)
• XLI Bancarella Literary Prize (Italy, 1993)
• Independent Foreign Fiction Award (England, June–July 1993)
• Brandeis University Major Book Collection Award (United States, 1993)
• Feminist of the Year Award, The Feminist; Majority Foundation (United States, 1994)
• Chevalier des Artes et des Lettres distinction (France, 1994)
• Critics' Choice (United States, 1996)
• Books to Remember, American Library Assoc. (United States, 1996)
• Hispanic Heritage Award in Literature (United States, 1996).^[34]
• Malaparte Amici di Capri (Italy, 1998)
• Donna Citta Di Roma (Italy, 1998)
• Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize (United States, 1998)
• Sara Lee Foundation (United States, 1998)
• Premio Iberoamericano de Letras José Donoso, University of Talca (Chile, 2003)
• Premio Honoris Causa, Università di Trento en "lingue e letteratura moderne euroamericane" (Trento, Italy, May 2007)
• Chilean National Prize for Literature (Chile, 2010)
• Hans Christian Andersen Literature Award (Denmark, 2011)

Works[link]

• The House of the Spirits (1982) La casa de los espíritus
• The Porcelain Fat Lady (1984) La gorda de porcelana
• Of Love and Shadows (1985) De amor y de sombra
• Eva Luna (1987) Eva Luna
• The Stories of Eva Luna (1989) Cuentos de Eva Luna
• The Infinite Plan (1991) El plan infinito
• Paula (1995) Paula
• Aphrodite: A Memoir of the Senses (1998) Afrodita
• Daughter of Fortune (1999) Hija de la fortuna
• Portrait in Sepia (2000) Retrato en sepia
• City of the Beasts (2002) La ciudad de las bestias
• My Invented Country: A Memoir (2003) Mi país inventado
• Kingdom of the Golden Dragon (2004) El reino del dragón del oro
• Zorro (2005) El Zorro: Comienza la leyenda
• Forest of the Pygmies (2005) El bosque de los pigmeos
• Ines of My Soul (2006) Inés del alma mía
• The Sum of Our Days: A Memoir (2008) La suma de los días
• The Island Beneath the Sea (2010) "La isla bajo el mar"
• Maya's Notebook (2011) "El Cuaderno de Maya"

Other contributions[link]

• "Afterword", Tales of Zorro, edited by Richard Dean Starr, Moonstone Books, 2008

"La Gorda de Porcelana" 1973

• Santiago Files, 2011 (Interviewee). [Feature Documentary]

See also[link]

• Allende family
• American literature in Spanish

References[link]

Sources[link]

• Isabel Allende, Award-Winning Latin American Author by Mary Main (2005) – ISBN 0-7660-2488-1
• Bautista Gutierrez, Gloria and Corrales-Martin, Norma; Pinceledas Literarias Latinoamericanas, John Wiley and Sons, 2004

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Isabel Allende

External links[link]

• Isabel Allende's Personal Website
• Isabel Allende's IMDb Site
• Isabel Allende Foundation
• Isabel Allende speaker profile at The Lavin Agency
• JUST 10 Questions for Isabel Allende at JUST CAUSE Magazine.
• Write TV Public Television Interview with Isabel Allende
• Guardian Books "Author Page"
• Isabel Allende at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Memories, Fight and Fantasy at the Hand of the Great Superhero of the Spanish Narrative – a 2006 interview
• Interview on The Ledge
• Biography from the international literature festival in Berlin
• TED Talks: Isabel Allende tells tales of passion at TED in 2007
• 'The Knife by the Handle at Last' Tim Parks review of The Sum of Our Days from The New York Review of Books
• Isabel Allende at the California Film Institute
• KCTS 9 Television Interview
• Allende on Her New Novel Island Beneath the Sea – video interview by Democracy Now!
• Interviewed for the first season of The Artist Toolbox