Pyrex is a brand name for glassware, introduced by Corning Incorporated in 1915.

Originally, Pyrex was made from borosilicate glass. In the 1940s the composition was changed for some products to tempered soda-lime glass, which is the most common form of glass used in glass bakeware in the US and has higher mechanical strength so is less vulnerable to breakage when dropped (the leading cause of breakage in glass bakeware). In 1998, Corning divested its consumer products division which subsequently adopted the name World Kitchen.

In 1908, Eugene Sullivan, Director of Research at Corning Glass Works, developed Nonex, a borosilicate low-expansion glass, to reduce breakage in shock-resistant lantern globes and battery jars. (Borosilicate glass was originally developed at the Jena Glass works by Otto Schott, which Sullivan had learned about as a doctoral student in Leipzig, Germany.) Jesse Littleton of Corning discovered the cooking potential of borosilicate glass by giving his wife a casserole dish made from a cut-down Nonex battery jar. Corning removed the lead from Nonex, and developed Pyrex as a consumer product. Pyrex glass bakeware products are to be found in an estimated 80% of American homes and approaching 400 million units have been sold since the divestiture in 1998 alone.

Pyrex kitchen glassware manufactured for sale in the United States is made at the World Kitchen facility in Charleroi, Pennsylvania. Pyrex products for the European Union are made at a factory in France.

History of the Pyrex Brand

Borosilicate glass was first made by the German chemist and glass technologist Otto Schott, founder of Schott AG in 1893, 22 years before Corning produced the Pyrex brand. Schott AG sold the product under the name "Duran." In the English-speaking world, however, in the midst of World War I, Corning's Pyrex brand of borosilicate glass offered a non-German alternative. Ever since, the name Pyrex has been widely used as a genericized trademark for borosilicate glass in the English-speaking world.

Corning sold off its Consumer Products division in 1998 as World Kitchen but retained the Pyrex brand name, licensing it to World Kitchen and other companies that produce Pyrex-branded cookware (e.g. Newell Rubbermaid's Newell Cookware Europe). The brand in Europe, the Middle East and Africa is currently owned by Arc International who acquired the European business in early 2006 from Newell Rubbermaid, who had acquired it from Corning in the 1990s.

A Corning executive gave the following account of the etymology of the Pyrex brand name:}}

Pyrex kitchen products in Europe made and sold by a subsidiary of Arc International tableware company are made from borosilicate glass.

Design

In 1958 an internal design department was started by John B. Ward. He redesigned the Pyrex ovenware and Flameware. Over the years designers such as Penny Sparke, Betty Baugh, Smart Design, TEAMS Design, and others have contributed to the design of the line.

Composition

Older Pyrex (pre 1900s), European Pyrex, and Pyrex laboratory glassware, is made of borosilicate glass. According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, borosilicate Pyrex is composed of (as percentage of weight): 14% boron, 51% oxygen, .3% sodium, 1% aluminium, 38% silicon, and less than 1% potassium.

According to glass supplier Pulles and Hannique, borosilicate Pyrex is made of Corning 7740 glass, and is equivalent in formulation to Schott Glass 8830 glass sold under the "Duran" brand name. The composition of both Corning 7740 and Schott 8830 is given as 80.6% SiO₂, 12.6% B₂O₃, 4.2% Na₂O, 2.2% Al₂O₃, 0.04% Fe₂O₃, 0.1% CaO, 0.05% MgO, and 0.1% Cl.

However, the Pyrex glass cookware made in Charleroi, Pennsylvania is made of tempered soda-lime glass.

Use in laboratory ware

Because Pyrex borosilicate glass has a high thermal resistance, it is often used in the manufacture of laboratory ware. In Europe, SciLabware Limited manufactures more than 800 items under the Pyrex brand name including beakers, bottles, flasks, dishes and test tubes.

Usage in telescopes

Because of its low expansion characteristics, Pyrex is often the material of choice for reflective optics in astronomy applications. The California Institute of Technology's telescope mirror at Palomar Observatory was cast by Corning during 1934–1936 out of borosilicate glass.

In 1932, George Ellery Hale approached Corning with the challenge of fabricating the required optic for his Palomar project. A previous effort to fabricate the optic from fused quartz had failed.

Corning's first attempt was a failure, the cast blank having voids. Using lessons learned, Corning was successful in the casting of the second blank. After a year of cooling, during which it was almost lost to a flood, in 1935 the blank was completed. The first blank now resides in Corning's Museum of Glass.

Footnotes

References

Gantz, Carroll, (2001). ''DESIGN CHRONICLES: Significant Mass-produced Products of the 20th Century'', Schiffer Publishing, ISBN 978-0764323235

External links

Pyrex official website

Vintage Pyrex Reference Guide

Category:Glass types Category:Low-expansion glass Category:Glass trademarks and brands Category:Boron compounds Category:Kitchenware brands Category:Transparent materials Category:1915 introductions

bg:Пирекс da:Pyrex de:Pyrex eo:Pirekso fa:پیرکس fr:Pyrex nl:Pyrex pl:Pyrex pt:Pyrex sv:Pyrex zh:派熱克斯玻璃

Coordinates	29°57′53″N90°4′14″N
background	solo_singer
birth name	LaRon Louis James
born	February 18, 1983New York City, New York, United States
genre	Hip hop
occupation	Rapper, record producer, actor
years active	1999–present
label	Skull Gang, Def Jam, E1
associated acts	Skull Gang, The Diplomats, Jim Jones, Lil Wayne, Cam'ron, Chris Brown, Lloyd Banks
website	www.myspace.com/juelzsantana }}

LaRon Louis James (born February 18, 1983), better known by his stage name Juelz Santana, is an American rapper of African & Dominican descent, producer, and actor. He appeared on Cam'ron's 2002 singles, "Oh Boy" and "Hey Ma". In 2003, his debut album ''From Me to U'' was released by Def Jam Recordings; his next album ''What the Game's Been Missing!'' contained the top-ten single "There It Go (The Whistle Song)".

Early life & career

Santana began rapping at the age of three and at age twelve started duo Draft Pick, which was signed to Priority Records. In 2000, Santana made a guest performance on a track on Cam'ron's album ''S.D.E.'' and eventually joined The Diplomats.

Music career

2002–2004 (Final Destination, From Me To U)

After the signing of The Diplomats, also known as Dipset, to Roc-a-Fella Records in 2002, there was an influence of mixtapes, features on other artists' records, television and radio interviews, in which Juelz achieved mainstream recognition not previously gained through the various Diplomat mixtapes, and his solo mixtape ''Final Destination'', that was sold in late 2002. After being featured on fellow Diplomat member Cam'ron's two singles, "Hey Ma" and "Oh Boy". Juelz started working on his debut album. In the summer of 2003, Santana released his debut album From Me To U, which was certified Gold. From Me to U peaked at #8 in the Billboard 200. Dipset (Santana's Town) peaked #70 in the U.S. Billboard.

What the Game's Been Missing! (2005)

''What the Game's Been Missing!'' followed in 2005 with the singles "Mic Check", "There It Go (The Whistle Song)", "Oh Yes", "Clockwork," "Shottas", and "Make It Work For Ya" Feat. Young Jeezy and Lil Wayne. "There It Go" reached #6 on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 and #3 on the Hot Rap Tracks charts; "Oh Yes" reached #56 on the Hot 100 and #8 on the Rap charts. "Mic Check" reached 35 in the Billboard Hot 100. Both this album and single "There It Go" were certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.

Born to Lose, Built to Win & Dipset Reunion (2010–present)

Since 2007, Santana has been recording material for his third album, ''Born to Lose, Built to Win''. Shortly after recording began, Santana released a promo single, "The Second Coming", produced by Just Blaze. After a two year hiatus, he released a new song, "Days of Our Lives", with two accompanying music videos featuring cameos from Skull Gang. In late 2009 he released the first single off ''Born to Lose, Built to Win'', "Mixin' Up the Medicine" featuring Yelawolf. In 2010, he released the second single titled, "Back to the Crib" featuring Chris Brown. In April 2010, Cam'ron and Jim Jones announced they ended their feud. In June 2010, the Dipset reunion began with a teaser titled "Under Construction" and a street single, ''"Salute"'' produced by Araabmuzik. The song features Jim Jones, Cam'ron, and Juelz Santana. The remix features new Diplomat artist Vado with a verse added. Since the reunion it is not yet known if or when Juelz will release the album. But it is known that he is working on a new album with The Diplomats. Recently Santana tweeted "I will give people that people wants Reagan Era in the studio" so that means that we can wait a new album for 2011.

Juelz Santana recently collaborated with UK rapper's Giggs & Wiley on a track called Bright Lights produced by UK producers Dan Dare & Zdot.In February he released a music video for the song "Homerun" featuring Lil Wayne. It is unknown if "Homerun" is a single or not. He also has plans to work with Guitars N Bandanaz.

Personal life

Santana maintained a store of his clothing and music near his old neighborhood of 151st and Amsterdam/Broadway on Amsterdam Avenue between 150th and 151st Streets. Santana is a suspected member of the Bloods.

Legal Issues

In January 2011 Juelz Santana's Bergenfield, New Jersey Recording Studio was raided, after a 10-month investigation by the Bergen County Prosecutors Office and Gang Unit.

Santana was arrested February 2, 2011, and charged with possession of a firearm, possession of a handgun without a permit, possession of a controlled dangerous substance and possession with intent to distribute a controlled substance within 1,000 feet of a school. Santana posted $125,000 bail.

On March 22, 2011, Juelz Santana missed a performance at Chris Brown's record release party for his album ''F.A.M.E.'', after New York Police stopped the rapper and searched him for guns and drugs. While no one was arrested, Santana was not allowed to enter the building during the search. This caused him to miss his entire performance with Chris Brown. Juelz' lawyer Joe Wunstop told The New York Post that police stopped Santana because members of his entourage "might be affiliated, friends bring friends and he's really friendly"

Discography

;Studio albums

2003: ''From Me to U''

2005: ''What the Game's Been Missing!''

2011: ''Born to Lose, Built to Win''

;Official mixtapes

2003: ''Final Destination''

2004: ''Back Like Cooked Crack Pt. 1''

2005: ''Back Like Cooked Crack Pt. 2''

2006: ''Back Like Cooked Crack Pt. 3''

2011: ''Reagan Era''

;Collaboration albums

2003: ''Diplomatic Immunity'' (with The Diplomats)

2004: ''Diplomatic Immunity 2'' (with The Diplomats)

2009: ''Skull Gang'' (with Skull Gang)

2011: ''Diplomatic Immunity 3'' (with The Diplomats)

Filmography

''State Property 2'' (2005)

''Killa Season'' (2006)

''Kiss and Tail: The Hollywood Jumpoff''(2009) ''The Project'' (2011) *

References

External links

Official site

Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:African American rappers Category:Bloods Category:American people of Dominican Republic descent Category:The Diplomats members Category:Hispanic and Latino American rappers Category:People from Teaneck, New Jersey Category:People from Harlem Category:Rappers from New York City Category:Roc-A-Fella Records artists

cs:Juelz Santana de:Juelz Santana es:Juelz Santana fr:Juelz Santana ko:주엘즈 산타나 it:Juelz Santana nl:Juelz Santana ja:ジュエルズ・サンタナ no:Juelz Santana pl:Juelz Santana pt:Juelz Santana ru:Джуэлз Сантана fi:Juelz Santana sv:Juelz Santana

Coordinates	29°57′53″N90°4′14″N
name	Yo Gotti
background	solo_singer
birth name	Mario Mims
birth date	May 17, 1981
origin	Memphis, Tennessee
genre	Southern hip hop
occupation	Rapper
years active	1996–present
label	Polo Grounds, J Records
website	}}

Mario Mims better known by his stage name Yo Gotti, is a southern rapper from the northern side of Memphis, Tennessee who was previously known as Lil Yo.

Music career

Independent Albums

Yo Gotti released a string of independent albums. ''From Da Dope Game 2 Da Rap Game'' (2000),''Self-Explanatory'' (2001), ''Life'' (2003) and ''Back 2 da Basics'' (2006)

First Studio Album

Yo Gotti;s first studio album called ''Live from the Kitchen''. The album had many singles "5 Star" was the first single, it was released on May 20, 2009. The single peaked at 79 on the Hot 100, 19 on U.S R&B; and 11 on U.S Rap."Women Lie, Men Lie" was the second official single released December 11, 2009. The song peaked at 81 on the Hot 100, 22 on the U.S R&B; and 12 on U.S Rap "Look In the Mirror" was the third single released 7th months after his second single on July 27, 2010. The song peaked at 97 on the U.S R&B; chart "For the Hood" featured rapper Gucci Mane it was released on October 1, 2010 and charted at 86 on the U.S R&B; chart "We Can Get It On" was released May 10, 2011, the single featured R&B; singer Ciara, the single peaked at 40 on the U.S R&B; Chart.

Discography

;Studio albums

''Live from the Kitchen'' (2011)

;Independent albums

''From Da Dope Game 2 Da Rap Game'' (2000)

''Self-Explanatory'' (2001)

''Life'' (2003)

''Back 2 da Basics'' (2006)

Mixtapes

''I Told U So, Gangsta Grillz,(2006)

''Cocaine Muzik,(Hosted By (DJ Smallz) (2008)

''Cocaine Muzik 2,(Hosted By DJ Drama (Gangsta Grillz) (2009)

''Cocaine Muzik 3,(Hosted By (DJ Scream)(2009)

''Cocaine Muzik 4, with Zedzilla,(Hosted By DJ Drama (Gangsta Grillz) (2010)

''Cocaine Muzik 4.5 (Da Documentary),(Hosted By DJ Drama (Gangsta Grillz) (2010)

''Cocaine Muzik 5: White Friday,(Hosted By Bigga Rankin) (2010)

''Cocaine Muzik 6: Gangsta of The Year,(Hosted By DJ Drama (Gangsta Grillz) (2011)

References

External links

Yo Gotti Official Site

Yo Gotti | Features Artist | Global Hit Music

Behind the Scenes, Yo Gotti, "Women Lie, Men Lie" in Los Angeles, February 4, 2010 by Streetgangs.com

Yo Gotti Interview, Jan 18, 2010

Non-commercial Yo Gotti mixtapes

Category:Rappers from Memphis, Tennessee Category:African American rappers Category:Living people Category:1980 births Category:TVT Records artists

de:Yo Gotti fr:Yo Gotti it:Yo Gotti lt:Yo Gotti pl:Yo Gotti

Coordinates	29°57′53″N90°4′14″N
Name	Lex Luger
Names	Lex Luger
Height
Weight
Birth date	June 02, 1958
Birth place	Buffalo, New York
Billed	Chicago, Illinois (NWA/WCW)Atlanta, Georgia (WWF/WWE)
Trainer	Bob RoopHiro MatsudaBarry Windham
Debut	September 1985
Retired	September 18, 2006 }}

Lawrence Wendell "Larry" Pfohl (pronounced "Foal") (born June 2, 1958), better known by his ring name Lex Luger, is an American former professional wrestler and football player currently working with WWE on their wellness policy. He is best known for his work with the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), World Championship Wrestling (WCW), and the World Wrestling Federation (WWF).

Among other accolades in professional wrestling, Luger is a three-time world champion, having held the WCW World Heavyweight Championship twice and the WWA World Heavyweight Championship once; a record-tying five-time NWA/WCW United States Heavyweight Champion, and the longest-reigning champion in history; and the 1994 WWF Royal Rumble winner (with Bret Hart). Readers of ''Pro Wrestling Illustrated'' voted Luger the Most Popular Wrestler of the Year 1993.

Football career

Luger attended high school and played football in Orchard Park, New York. He then attended Pennsylvania State University on a football scholarship, but transferred to the University of Miami after his freshman year. A talented soccer player and lifelong fan of English soccer team Manchester United, Luger considered changing sports for some time but eventually decided his skills would be better suited to football. After sitting out the 1978 season, he started the 1979 season as a defensive tackle until his scholarship was terminated. He was joined at Miami by Jim Kelly, Jim Burt, Mitch Guittar, and Fred Marion among others. Upon leaving Miami, he played professional football for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League. He then signed with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League, but never played in a game and thus is not listed on their all-time roster, though he did spend the entire 1982 season on the team's injured reserve list with a groin problem incurred during training camp. He returned to the Packers training camp in 1983, but he was released before the regular season began. In 1984, Luger finished his football career playing in the United States Football League for the Memphis Showboats. He also played for the Jacksonville Bulls and the Tampa Bay Bandits in the USFL, where he was a teammate with future WCW rival Ron Simmons.

Professional wrestling career

NWA Florida (1985–1986)

In 1985, Luger met Bob Roop at a celebrity golfing event in Florida and was given the chance to get into professional wrestling as Roop was greatly impressed with Luger's powerful bodybuilder physique. Roop arranged for Luger to be trained by Hiro Matsuda, who had previously trained Hulk Hogan and "Mr. Wonderful" Paul Orndorff. Luger adopted the ring name "Lex Luger", being a fan of the comic book villain Lex Luthor, and made his in-ring debut in September 1985. He was featured alongside Percy Pringle and Rick Rude.

Luger began wrestling in the NWA Florida territory. He got his first victory on October 31, 1985 against Ed "The Bull" Gantner and won the Southern Heavyweight Championship from Wahoo McDaniel the next month. On September 1, 1986, he fought NWA World Heavyweight Champion Ric Flair for the title at a show ''Battle of the Belts'', which resulted in a 60-minute draw. As a result, Flair retained the title. Towards the end of his run in Florida, Luger was involved in a steel cage match with Bruiser Brody, where Brody stopped cooperating, leading to Luger leaving the match.

National Wrestling Alliance / World Championship Wrestling (1987–1992)

Four Horsemen (1987–1988)

In 1987, Luger went to work for Jim Crockett's World Championship Wrestling (WCW), which was under the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) banner, with the nickname "The Total Package" and began using "The Human Torture Rack", an Argentine backbreaker, as his finisher. He was first booked as an associate to Ric Flair's "Four Horsemen" stable until Ole Anderson was kicked out and he became an official member of the group. Luger started wrestling as a heel. His first big feud was with Nikita Koloff, whom he defeated for his first NWA United States Heavyweight Championship on July 11, 1987. Manager J.J. Dillon threw a chair over the top of the cage while the referee, Earl Hebner, was down. Luger knocked Koloff unconscious with it and then lifted up Koloff in the Torture Rack. A revived Hebner then dropped Koloff's arm three times with no response and awarded Luger a submission victory.

He held the title until NWA's first pay-per-view event Starrcade in November, when he dropped it to Dusty Rhodes in a steel cage. This loss set the stage for Luger leaving the Four Horsemen, as manager Dillon's interference cost Luger the match. A steel chair thrown in by Dillon was dropped by Luger and Rhodes DDT'd Luger on it prior to pinning him for the win. Luger left the Four Horsemen in 1988 after he and his stablemates (Tully Blanchard, Arn Anderson, and Dillon) were the sole wrestlers left in a Bunkhouse Stampede battle royal and Dillon asked the other wrestlers to eliminate themselves so he could win. Although Blanchard and Anderson complied, Luger refused and eliminated Dillon, leaving the Horsemen in the process.

Feuding with the Horsemen (1988–1989)

Luger turned babyface and befriended Barry Windham, his former Florida ally. They formed a tag team, dubbed "The Twin Towers". "The Twin Towers" first teamed on March 27, 1988 at ''Clash of the Champions'' to defeat Tully Blanchard and Arn Anderson for the NWA World Tag Team Championship. Only a few weeks after the title win, a swerve took place in the NWA with Windham suddenly turning on Luger during a title defense (against Blanchard and Anderson) and joining his former stable, The Four Horsemen. Days later, the Jim Crockett, Sr. Memorial Cup Tag Team Tournament was held with its first night in Greenville, South Carolina. A partner-less Luger was teamed with Sting (whose partner Ronnie Garvin had been kayfabe injured) and the impromptu team won the entire tournament, defeating Blanchard and Anderson in the finals.

Luger began a feud with the Four Horsemen and Windham. He began hunting their leader Ric Flair for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. At the June 8 edition of ''Clash of the Champions'', it was announced that Luger would challenge Flair for the NWA title at The Great American Bash on July 10 in Baltimore. The contract was signed on a yacht with Flair delivering the line "You gotta make it to Baltimore..." to Luger. As Luger arrived at ''The Clash'' in a limousine he was attacked by The Four Horsemen, leaving him (kayfabe) injured and bleeding in the parking lot on live television. While Luger had Flair in the "Torture Rack" and Flair was about to submit, the match was abruptly stopped by the referee who cited (kayfabe) "Maryland State Athletic Commission" rules about a cut that had opened up on Luger's forehead "bleeding excessively". Luger faced Flair in many rematches across the country, never winning the title. The Luger/Flair feud came to an end after December's Starrcade 1988: True Gritt where Flair pinned Luger in a rematch main event for the NWA title by illegally using the ropes.

United States Heavyweight Champion (1989–1990)

He was then matched up against old foe Barry Windham at The Chi-Town Rumble winning his second NWA United States Heavyweight Championship from him. Luger defended the U.S. Championship regularly. One of his major title defenses was against Jack Victory in a dark match on the April 2, 1989 edition of ''Clash of the Champions''.

He teamed up with Michael P.S. Hayes against Barry and Kendall Windham in a match which saw Hayes turn on Luger, setting himself as a contender to the U.S. Title. Hayes defeated Luger for the US title at WrestleWar 1989: Music City Showdown when a surprise appearance by Hayes's ex-Freebird teammate Terry Gordy helped cost Luger the match. Luger regained the U.S. Title from Hayes in a rematch a couple of weeks later, beginning a heel turn when he broke the rules by pulling Hayes's tights while pinning Hayes to win the match. The turn became "official" shortly after, when on the June 14 edition of ''Clash of the Champions'', Luger attacked the popular Ricky "The Dragon" Steamboat after Steamboat had defeated Terry Funk by disqualification. Luger and Steamboat faced each other at The Great American Bash in July with Luger winning by disqualification after Luger refused to wrestle Steamboat until the match's no-disqualification clause had been waived.

Flyin' Brian Pillman challenged Luger at Halloween Havoc 1989: Settling the Score for the US Title, which Luger won. He also defeated Pillman in a rematch on the November 15 edition of ''Clash of the Champions'' to retain the title and end the feud. After the main event of the card, which saw Ric Flair and Terry Funk in an "I Quit" match, Luger made a surprise run in, attacking both Flair and Sting, who had come out to save Flair from a post match attack by The Great Muta. December's Starrcade featured an "Ironman" tournament between Flair, Sting, Luger, and Muta.

Though Sting eventually won the tournament, Luger was the only participant to go undefeated (Sting got pinfall victories over Muta and Flair, giving him the most points to win the tournament). This elevated Sting to the status of No.1 contender for Flair's world title. With Sting and Flair set to square off at WrestleWar in February, Luger was booked to defend the U.S. Title against "Dr. Death" Steve Williams on the card. A legitimate injury to Sting, however, caused the entire booking of the card to get changed. Luger was elevated to face Flair for the NWA World Heavyweight Championship. An injured Sting appeared in Luger's corner during the match, eventually being attacked by Ole and Arn Anderson. When Luger left the ring to help Sting he was counted out, giving the match to Flair. The idea here was to build Luger up as a "changed man" that had "gained self-respect" by saving Sting. Luger challenged Flair across the country in rematches. In the final match of the feud, a few months later at the innaugural (and only) Capital Combat event in Washington, DC, another screwjob finish occurred where Luger won by disqualification against Flair in a steel cage match when the cage rose up from the ground and outside interference marred the match.

In mid-1990, Luger's focus went back to defending his U.S. Championship while the NWA focused on Sting and his reign as World Heavyweight Champion. When Stan Hansen entered the company and the two of them feuded for a brief period of months, Luger eventually dropped the title to Hansen at Halloween Havoc, though he won it back at Starrcade 1990: Collision Course beginning his fourth NWA United States Heavyweight Championship reign. Luger's third title reign lasted a total of 523 days, making him, the longest reigning United States Champion in history. WCW withdrew from NWA in 1991 and the U.S. Title was renamed the WCW United States Heavyweight Championship. Luger started a feud with Dan Spivey, whom he defeated at WrestleWar to retain the U.S. Title. Following their match, Nikita Koloff suddenly appeared to attack Luger, reigniting their feud from 1987. It did not last long, however, as Koloff found himself being pushed into an angle with Sting instead of Luger, which began at SuperBrawl I: Return of the Rising Sun when Sting and Luger challenged The Steiner Brothers for the WCW World Tag Team Championship.

During the match, Koloff interfered and hit Sting with a chain, which was intended for Luger. Luger again began to challenge Flair for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship after becoming No.1 contender by defeating The Great Muta on the June 14, 1991 edition of ''Clash of the Champions''. With the history of "screwjob finishes" between Flair and Luger, their title match was set to be contested at The Great American Bash in a steel cage match with the added stipulation that, should Flair get disqualified he would lose the title. The match never occurred, however, as Flair began to have disagreements with Jim Herd, the head of WCW, over his future and salary. He eventually quit the company (being "stripped" of the title in the process) and took the World Title belt with him.

World Heavyweight Champion and departure (1991–1992)

With the WCW Title now vacant, Barry Windham was declared the No. 2 contender and was set to face Luger in the cage match at The Great American Bash. During the match, a double turn took place when Harley Race and Mr. Hughes came to ringside and "ordered" Luger to execute a piledriver on Windham. He did it, winning his first WCW World Heavyweight Championship.

After Luger won the WCW Title, he got over top heel by participating in a controversial racial angle with Ron Simmons where he asked Simmons to join his entourage, but as a chauffeur. It was also around this time he abandoned the Torture Rack and started using the piledriver, which he dubbed the "Attitude Adjustment", as his finisher. Luger retained the title at Halloween Havoc in a two out of three falls match. Eventually, Luger began to have his own issues with WCW, and the contract he had seemed to have him wrestling less and less while still collecting money. After ending his feud with Simmons, Luger had a brief feud with Rick Steiner, defeating him on the November 19 edition of Clash of the Champions. The next month's Starrcade was booked with the BattleBowl format, with Sting winning No.1 contendership at the end of the night.

Luger's contract only required him to work a specific number of dates, and having fulfilled them he "sat out" the end of 1991 and beginning of 1992. This left Sting to build the feud against him on his own. Aside from one title defense against Masahiro Chono at WCW/New Japan Supershow II (Starrcade in Tokyo Dome), Luger did not wrestle a match until SuperBrawl II, where he lost his WCW title cleanly to Sting.

World Bodybuilding Federation (1992)

After losing to Sting at SuperBrawl, Luger negotiated a departure from WCW and joined Vince McMahon's World Bodybuilding Federation (WBF), appearing regularly as a co-host on its Saturday morning program, ''WBF BodyStars''. He also made an appearance at WrestleMania VIII, taking part in an on air interview with Bobby "The Brain" Heenan and Gorilla Monsoon. He was slated to guest pose at a WBF pay-per-view event, but was injured in a motorcycle accident. By the time he recovered, the WBF was out of business.

World Wrestling Federation (1993–1995)

The Narcissist (1993)

After his accident and the closure of the WBF, Luger joined the World Wrestling Federation (WWF). Bobby "The Brain" Heenan "unveiled" him with the persona of "The Narcissist" at Royal Rumble 1993. Luger posed before full-length mirrors before every match. The WWF also incorporated his motorcycle accident into his gimmick, capitalizing on the fact that he had a "metal plate" inserted into his forearm which was said to cause more damage when it struck an opponent. This caused a number of his opponents to demand that he wear a cover over it during matches when he had a streak of knocking people out. This eventually led to WWF officials demanding that Luger wear an elbow pad, though he would often remove it. The Narcissist's one major feud was with Mr. Perfect. The feud was based on Heenan, his advisor, referring to him as being "Beyond Perfection," in a slight at Mr. Perfect, his former managerial client. The rivalry ended at WrestleMania IX when Luger defeated Perfect. During a WrestleMania IX press conference, Luger knocked out Bret Hart, leading to a house show feud between the two, mostly concentrated in Canada, with few (if any) of these matches being televised. At King of the Ring, Luger participated in the first-ever King of the Ring tournament on pay-per-view, but was eliminated in the quarterfinals after a time limit draw with Tatanka.

The All-American (1993–1994)

In mid-1993, after Hulk Hogan's departure from the company, Luger was transformed from a heel to a "mega-face" with the nicknames "Made in the USA" and "The All-American". On July 4, he took part in a memorable event where he arrived (by a red helicopter) on the dock of the ''USS Intrepid'' and body slammed the near 600 pound (270 kg) WWF Champion Yokozuna after a number of other athletes, both inside the WWF and out, attempted and failed. Following this he began the "Lex Express" tour, traveling the country in a Red, White, and Blue painted bus to greet fans and to "campaign" for a shot at the WWF Title, thus beginning a feud with the champion Yokozuna. Luger got his shot at SummerSlam 1993, with the stipulation that this would be Luger's only shot at the title. Luger, with the use of the metal plate in his forearm, eventually won the match, but the count-out victory meant that Yokozuna retained the title.

In late 1993, Luger began a feud with another foreigner Ludvig Borga who disliked America because of pollution. At Survivor Series 1993, Luger captained a team dubbed "All-Americans" (Lex Luger, The Undertaker, and The Steiner Brothers) against Yokozuna's team "Foreign Fanatics" (Crush, Yokozuna, Ludvig Borga, and Quebecer Jacques) in a 4-on-4 Survivor Series match. Luger's team won the match after he pinned Borga. At Royal Rumble, Luger participated in the Royal Rumble match where he and Bret Hart were declared "co-winners" of the Royal Rumble match after both men went over the top rope and had their feet hit the ground simultaneously. As such, both received shots at the WWF Championship at WrestleMania X. Luger was disqualified in his title match against Yokozuna, and later that night Hart went on to win the title from Yokozuna.

Ever since he became a babyface in the summer of 1993, Luger aligned himself with Tatanka until rumors began to swirl that Luger was planning to join Ted DiBiase's Million Dollar Corporation in the summer of 1994. Tatanka and Luger's friendship was strained by the lack of trust between them, and a match between the two took place at SummerSlam. At the event, Tatanka defeated Luger and joined the Million Dollar Corporation. Luger continued to feud with The Million Dollar Corporation, leading a Survivor Series team consisting of himself, Mabel, Adam Bomb, and The Smoking Gunns, dubbed "Guts & Glory", to a loss against the Corporate team of Tatanka, King Kong Bundy, Bam Bam Bigelow, and The Heavenly Bodies at Survivor Series – with only King Kong Bundy and Bam Bam Bigelow surviving.

The Allied Powers and departure (1995)

In the beginning of 1995, Luger formed a team with Davey Boy Smith, dubbed The Allied Powers and they continued to feud with the Million Dollar Corporation. They made a good impact on the tag team division and made their pay-per-view debut as a tag team at WrestleMania XI, defeating the Blu Brothers. They wrestled and defeated jobbers on ''Raw'' and, after a victory over the newly-turned heel team Men on a Mission in June 1995, earned a shot at the WWF Tag Team Championship against Owen Hart and Yokozuna at In Your House 2: The Lumberjacks but failed to win the titles. Bulldog turned against partner Diesel in a match against Men on a Mission which Luger, who was scheduled to team with Smith, was unable to participate in. While Diesel fought King Mabel at Summerslam, Sir Mo tried to interfere but was attacked by Luger, who chased him to the back. The August 27 pay-per-view appearance proved to be Luger's last in the WWF.

Return to WCW (1995–2001)

Alliance to End Hulkamania (1995–1996)

In late August 1995, after expressing to Sting that he wanted to leave the WWF, Luger got a call from World Championship Wrestling Vice-President Eric Bischoff to set up a meeting about a contract and Luger possibly "jumping ship". Bischoff was initially reluctant to make the offer, as he didn't care for Luger personally or professionally, but relented due to both Sting's urging, and the idea that his appearance would make a big splash. Eight days after his appearance at SummerSlam, Luger made his return to WCW on the premiere of ''Nitro'', coming out during a match between Sting and Ric Flair. After Luger's debut, he acted as a sort of tweener character, not making his allegiances known, except for his long-time friendship with Sting. He merely claimed that he wanted to stake his claim at Hulk Hogan's World Heavyweight Title, facing him on the September 11, 1995 edition of ''Nitro,'' which Hogan won by disqualification. At Halloween Havoc, Luger officially turned heel, attacking Hogan after his match with The Giant and joining Kevin Sullivan's Dungeon of Doom stable. Later in the pay-per-view, Luger had a match where he lost to Randy "Macho Man" Savage. Luger and Savage had a rematch at World War 3, which Luger won. Later that night, Luger participated in the first-ever three-ring, 60-man battle royal for the vacant World Title, which was won by Savage.

Despite being a heel, Luger retained his friendship with Sting. At Starrcade, Luger participated in a WCW vs NJPW World Cup of Wrestling where he represented WCW in a winning effort against NJPW representative Masa Chono. Later that night, he participated in a triangle match with Sting and Ric Flair; Flair won after both Sting and Luger got counted out, making Flair No.1 contender to the WCW title. The two men teamed up to defeat Harlem Heat for their first World Tag Team Championship on the January 22, 1996 edition of ''Nitro'', with Luger constantly threatening dissent due to his allegiance to the Dungeon of Doom, but always seeming to stay on the same path as his friend. Luger also defeated Johnny B. Badd for the WCW World Television Championship on February 17, losing it back to him the next night. He regained the television title from Badd by beating him on March 6.

The Dungeon of Doom aligned with the Four Horsemen to form the Alliance to End Hulkamania, which feuded with Hulk Hogan and Randy Savage. At Uncensored, nine members from the Alliance participated in a "Tower of Doom Steel Cage match", but were unsuccessful in defeating the team of Hogan and Savage. Luger was blamed for the loss because he accidentally punched teammate Ric Flair and was kicked out of the stable, thus turning him face again.

Feud with the New World Order (1996–1997)

During the summer, Luger began a feud with The Giant for the World Heavyweight Championship, unsuccessfully challenging him at The Great American Bash. During this time, Scott Hall and Kevin Nash, both former WWF superstars, began appearing on WCW television and claimed they were "taking over" the company. Randy Savage spearheaded the WCW wrestlers against them, with Luger and Sting by his side. Luger, along with Savage and Sting, took on Nash and Hall (who called themselves The Outsiders) and a third, mystery, partner that they claimed was an "insider" at Bash at the Beach. In the first few minutes of the match Luger went down to a kayfabe injury, leaving Sting and Savage on their own when the mystery partner revealed himself to be Hulk Hogan. With Luger no longer around, Savage and Sting were "easy prey" for the three who announced themselves as the New World Order (nWo).

Luger continued to be one of the leaders for the WCW's siege against the nWo, wrestling and feuding with a number of their members. At SuperBrawl VII, Luger and The Giant defeated the Outsiders to win the World Tag Team Championship. The title was returned to the Outsiders by nWo member and WCW President Eric Bischoff. Luger won a Four Corners match to become the No.1 contender for Hogan's WCW Title at Spring Stampede, and teamed with his new ally, The Giant, to defeat Hogan and basketball star Dennis Rodman at Bash at the Beach. On the August 4, 1997 edition of ''Nitro'', Luger defeated Hogan to win his second World Heavyweight Championship in an impromptu match, before dropping the title back to Hogan just five days later at Road Wild. His victory, however, marked the first time in a year that WCW had "won their world title back" from the nWo.

Luger began a program with Hall after both men pinned each other in tag team matches (Luger's partner was Diamond Dallas Page and Hall's partner was Randy Savage) before facing each other in a 1-on-1 match at Halloween Havoc which Luger won. He had a short feud with Buff Bagwell in the fall of 1997, culminating in a match at Starrcade, which Bagwell won. In the first half of 1998, Luger feuded with Savage and defeated him at Souled Out and SuperBrawl VIII. His final feud with the nWo was against Scott Steiner, whom Luger defeated at Uncensored. At Spring Stampede, he teamed with Scott's brother and former tag team partner Rick to defeat Scott and Bagwell.

Joining nWo Wolfpac (1998–1999)

After a long war with the nWo, Luger joined nWo Wolfpac, the babyface faction of the nWo. Luger played a central role in the group's war with Hogan's nWo Hollywood, and even convinced the long standing anti-nWo Sting to join. On the August 10, 1998 edition of ''Nitro'', he defeated Bret Hart to win his record-tying fifth, and final, United States Heavyweight Championship in an impromptu title match, before dropping the title back to Hart just one day later on ''Thunder''. He also took part in the incident in which both nWo factions united against the dominant Bill Goldberg in early 1999, turning heel for the first time in many years. He remained a member of the new nWo until he was sidelined with a (legitimate) biceps injury.

The Total Package and Totally Buff (1999–2001)

In August 1999 Lex Luger returned to WCW Monday Nitro during a Sting/Hogan angle for the World Heavyweight Championship. He eventually helped Sting win the World Title at the Fall Brawl PPV in September 1999.

After Fall Brawl, Luger claimed that Lex Luger was now "dead" and he was going by the name "The Total Package". He debuted on WCW Monday Nitro in September 1999 with a Terminator-style entrance symbolizing his "rebirth" and by bringing back Miss Elizabeth as his manager.[77] The Total Package’s entrance would often conclude with Miss Elizabeth tearing off his tracksuit in the middle of the ring. Luger would then pose down as if in a bodybuilding competition ending with a most muscular pose and fireworks.

During late November and into December 1999 The Total Package began to have some disagreements with his best friend Sting. He also began treating Miss Elizabeth badly that prompted Sting to intervene. At the Starrcade 1999 PPV in December 1999 Sting and The Total Package had a match with Miss Elizabeth eventually turning on Sting. After this Luger began appearing dressed up as Sting and mocking him.

Luger continued his Total Package angle with Miss Elizabeth through January 2000. He began a storyline where he would break the arms of his opponents by placing the arm inside a closed steel chair and stomping on it. In February 2000 he formed an alliance with Ric Flair to take out Hulk Hogan from WCW. They later formed a tag team under the name Team Package with Ric Flair. The team feuded with Sting and Hogan until April 2000 when WCW was reformatted with Vince Russo forming the New Blood causing Luger to turn face and joining the Millionaires Club.

Lex Luger would not return again to WCW until September 2000 when Vince Russo was still running the company. Luger would no longer pose in the ring with Miss Elizabeth and his hair was cut short. He would face Booker T on Nitro for the WCW World Heavyweight Championship and Goldberg at the Mayhem 2000 PPV and then again at Starrcade 2000 with Goldberg’s career on the line. He also formed a tag team with Buff Bagwell named "Totally Buff". They defeated Goldberg and Dwayne Bruce in a tag team match at the WCW Sin. PPV in January 2001. Luger stayed in the team until the WWE purchased WCW in March 2001.

Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (2003;2006)

In late 2003 Luger began working for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA); he teamed with Jeff Jarrett on November 12 in a loss to Sting and A.J. Styles. He returned to TNA in 2006, first appearing during the April 27 ''TNA Impact!'' as the second of Sting's potential tag team partners for Sacrifice. Throughout September and October, he appeared on ''Impact!'' as one of the people (along with Buff Bagwell) helping Sting to "prepare" for his upcoming match against Jarrett at Bound for Glory.

Semi-retirement

In late 2002, Luger joined the European tour of WWA. He debuted in November at Dublin, Ireland, teaming with Sting to defeat Buff Bagwell and Malice. At Retribution, Luger defeated Sting to win the vacant WWA World Heavyweight Championship after Jeff Jarrett interfered on his behalf. In Manchester, England on December 7, Luger and Sting faced Bagwell and Jarrett in a match in which both Luger's WWA World Heavyweight Championship and Jarrett's NWA World Heavyweight Championship were on the line, though neither title changed hands, as Sting pinned Bagwell. Luger made his final appearance with WWA on December 13, in Zürich, Switzerland, when he lost the WWA World Heavyweight Championship to Sting in a three way dance that also featured Malice.

Throughout 2004 and 2005, Luger made sporadic appearances on the independent circuit. Luger is also included as a downloadable character in ''WWE SmackDown vs. Raw 2011''.

On September 22, 2007- Lex was inducted into the XWF Hall of Fame in Moundsville, WV by Jack Blaze at their "XWF Mountain Madness 2007" event. XWF was later renamed LPW (Legends Pro Wrestling) where Lex is still honored in their Hall of Fame- Class 2007.

Return to WWE (2011–present)

In 2011, Luger began working again with WWE on their Wellness Policy. In regards to this role he stated:

Personal life

Luger is divorced from Peggy and has two children, a son, Brian (born 1 January 1986), and a daughter, Lauren Ashley (born 24 September 1990).

On September 28, 2006, Luger appeared on ''Praise the Lord'', the flagship talk program of the Trinity Broadcasting Network, and declared himself a born again Christian. In an interview conducted by guest host, one-time wrestling tag-team partner Steve "Sting" Borden, Luger emotionally discussed the downward turn of his career and personal life—including the events surrounding Elizabeth Hulette's death—and how it led to his religious conversion. Luger credits Steve Baskin, the pastor of Western Hills Baptist Church in Kennesaw, Georgia, with pulling him from a terminal tailspin. The jail chaplain met Luger in early 2006.

Legal problems

On April 19, 2003, Luger was involved in a domestic dispute with Elizabeth Hulette, then his live-in girlfriend, in the garage of their townhouse in Marietta, Georgia, during which Luger allegedly struck her. Cobb County police found Elizabeth with two bruised eyes, a bump on her head, and a cut lip. Luger was charged with a misdemeanor count of battery and released on $2,500 bond. Two days later on April 21, Luger was arrested for driving under the influence after rear-ending another car. According to the police report, Luger had slurred speech and bloodshot eyes, and could not locate his driver's license. Luger had a 9mm handgun in the car (which was legal in Georgia). Hulette was a passenger in the vehicle and was sent home in a taxi. Luger was also driving with a suspended license for not appearing in court on March 5, 2003 for a hearing on a previous offense of driving with expired tags and having no proof of insurance.

On May 1, 2003, Hulette died in the townhouse they shared in Marietta, after mixing pills of hydrocodone, Alprazolam (Xanax), and anabolic steroids (testosterone and saizen) with vodka. Luger was arrested later that day after a search of the residence revealed a number of illicit controlled substances, including anabolic steroids, OxyContin, synthetic growth hormone, testosterone, and Alprazolam. He was charged with 14 drug possession counts, 13 of them felonies. He was released the following day on $27,500 bail. Hulette's death was eventually ruled accidental. Luger pleaded guilty to the charges on February 3, 2005. He was given a $1,000 fine, sentenced to five years probation, and required to submit to periodic drug testing.

In December 2005, Luger and fellow wrestlers Marcus Bagwell and Scott Steiner were removed from a flight from Minneapolis, Minnesota to Winnipeg, Manitoba. They were detained for several hours before Bagwell and Steiner were released, while Luger was held without bail as a result of his outstanding felony charges (he had neglected to obtain permission to leave the country from his parole officer). Luger was detained in the Hennepin County jail for two weeks before being extradited to Georgia to stand trial on December 22, 2005. Luger was sentenced to nine weeks imprisonment, and was released in February 2006.

Spinal stroke

On October 19, 2007, Luger suffered a nerve impingement in his neck that led to temporary paralysis. He underwent intravenous antibiotic treatment and was expected to make a full recovery. Nearly a month after his spinal stroke, Luger was still in a quadriplegic state, having no movement in either his arms or legs. As of June 2008, Luger was said to be able to stand on his own for short periods of time and walk using a walker. As of 2010, Luger has stated in an interview that he is able to walk more comfortably, and is able to drive around after being paralyzed from the neck down before. Luger has stated in an interview he now resides in Atlanta, Georgia.

In wrestling

Finishing moves

''Ace is the Place Elbow'' / Running forearm smash

''Attitude Adjustment'' (Piledriver)

''Rebel Rack'' / '' Torture Rack '' (Argentine backbreaker rack)

Signature moves

*Atomic drop, sometimes inverted

*Hip toss

*Knee

*Vertical suplex

'''Nicknames

*The Total Package

*The Narcissist

*The American

*Made In USA

Championships and accomplishments

Championship Wrestling from Florida

NWA Florida Bahamian Championship (1 time)

NWA Florida Television Championship (1 time)

NWA Southern Heavyweight Championship ''(Florida version)'' (3 times)

Jim Crockett Promotions / World Championship Wrestling

NWA United States Heavyweight Championship (4 times)

NWA World Tag Team Championship ''(Mid-Atlantic version)'' (1 time) – with Barry Windham

*WCW United States Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

WCW World Heavyweight Championship (2 times)

WCW World Tag Team Championship (2 times) – with Sting (1), and The Giant (1)

WCW World Television Championship (2 times)

Jim Crockett, Sr. Memorial Cup (1988) – with Sting

Legends Pro Wrestling

:* XWF/LPW Hall of Fame Inductee- Class 2007 (9/22/07)

Pro Wrestling Illustrated

*PWI Comeback of the Year (1993)

*PWI Feud of the Year (1987) Four Horsemen vs. Super Powers and the Road Warriors

*PWI Feud of the Year (1988, 1990) vs. Ric Flair

*PWI Match of the Year (1991) with Sting vs. The Steiner Brothers at SuperBrawl

*PWI Most Popular Wrestler of the Year (1993)

*PWI Rookie of the Year (1986)

*PWI Wrestler of the Year (1997)

PWI ranked him #20 of the top 500 singles wrestlers of the "PWI Years" in 2003

World Wrestling All-Stars

WWA World Heavyweight Championship (1 time)

World Wrestling Federation

Royal Rumble (1994)¹

Yokozuna Bodyslam Challenge Winner (1993)

Wrestling Observer Newsletter awards

*Worst Worked Match of the Year (1996) with Arn Anderson, Meng, The Barbarian, Ric Flair, Kevin Sullivan, Z-Gangsta, and The Ultimate Solution vs. Hulk Hogan and Randy Savage, Uncensored, Towers of Doom match, Tupelo, Mississippi, March 24

*Most Improved (1989)

¹Luger co-won the Royal Rumble with Bret Hart after both simultaneously eliminated each other

See also

Sting and Lex Luger

References

External links

Official Website

Category:1958 births Category:Living people Category:American bodybuilders Category:American Christians Category:American professional wrestlers Category:American television actors Category:People from Erie County, New York Category:People from Atlanta, Georgia Category:People from Marietta, Georgia

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