Present-day Earth altimetry and bathymetry. Data from the National Geophysical Data Center's TerrainBase Digital Terrain Model.

Relief map of Sierra Nevada

A shaded and colored image (i.e. terrain is enhanced) of varied terrain from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. This shows elevation model of New Zealand's Alpine Fault running about 500 km (300 mi) long. The escarpment is flanked by a vast chain of hills between the fault and the mountains of New Zealand's Southern Alps. Northeast is towards the top.

Terrain, or land relief, is the vertical and horizontal dimension of land surface. When relief is described underwater, the term bathymetry is used. In America, topography has recently become an additional synonym, though in many parts of the world it retains its original more general meaning of description of place.

Terrain is used as a general term in physical geography, referring to the lie of the land. This is usually expressed in terms of the elevation, slope, and orientation of terrain features. Terrain affects surface water flow and distribution. Over a large area, it can affect weather and climate patterns.

Importance[link]

The understanding of terrain is critical for many reasons:

• The terrain of a region largely determines its suitability for human settlement: flatter, alluvial plains tend to have better farming soils than steeper, rockier uplands.
• In terms of environmental quality, agriculture, and hydrology, understanding the terrain of an area enables the understanding of watershed boundaries, drainage characteristics, water movement, and impacts on water quality. Complex arrays of relief data are used as input parameters for hydrology transport models (such as the SWMM or DSSAM Models) to allow prediction of river water quality.
• Understanding terrain also supports on soil conservation, especially in agriculture. Contour plowing is an established practice enabling sustainable agriculture on sloping land; it is the practice of plowing along lines of equal elevation instead of up and down a slope.
• Terrain is militarily critical because it determines the ability of armed forces to take and hold areas, and move troops and material into and through areas. An understanding of terrain is basic to both defensive and offensive strategy.
• Terrain is important in determining weather patterns. Two areas geographically close to each other may differ radically in precipitation levels or timing because of elevation differences or a "rain shadow" effect.
• Precise knowledge of terrain is vital in aviation, especially for low-flying routes and maneuvers (see terrain collision avoidance) and airport altitudes. Terrain will also affect range and performance of radars and terrestrial radio navigation systems. Furthermore, a hilly or mountainous terrain may strongly impact the implementation of a new aerodrome and the orientation of its runways.

Geomorphology[link]

Geomorphology is in large part the study of the formation of terrain or topography. Terrain is formed by intersecting processes:

• Geological processes: migration of tectonic plates, faulting and folding, volcanic eruptions, rivers.
• Erosional processes: water and wind erosion, landslides.
• Extraterrestrial: meteorite impacts.

Tectonic processes such as orogenies cause land to be elevated, and erosional or weathering processes cause land to be worn away to lower elevations.

Land surface parameters are quantitative measures of various morphometric properties of a surface. The most common examples are used to derive slope or aspect of a terrain or curvatures at each location. These measures can also be used to derive hydrological parameters that reflect flow/erosion processes. Climatic parameters are based on the modelling of solar radiation or air flow.

Land surface objects, or landforms, are definite physical objects (lines, points, areas) that differ from the surrounding objects. The most typical examples arelines of watersheds, stream patterns, ridges, break-lines, pools or borders of specific landforms.

See also[link]

• Relief ratio
• Cartographic relief depiction (2D relief map)
• Raised-relief map (3D relief map)
• Digital terrain model
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Applications of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)
• Geomorphometry
• Subterranea
• Terrane

External links[link]

• Google Maps
• Bing Maps

The Wiktionary entry for terrain

Mr. Young is a Canadian comedy series that premiered on March 1, 2011 on YTV. The series is shot in front of a live audience in Burnaby, British Columbia. The series was created by Dan Signer (The Suite Life on Deck, A.N.T. Farm), and stars Brendan Meyer, Matreya Fedor and Gig Morton as attendants of Finnegan High School. Further main cast includes Kurt Ostlund, Emily Tennant, Milo Shandel, Raugi Yu and Paula Shaw.

Premise[link]

Mr. Young centers on child prodigy Adam Young (Brendan Meyer), who graduated from university at the age of 14. He decides to come back to high school to live the high school experience, only he becomes the science teacher at the school. He reunites with childhood best friend Derby (Gig Morton) and encounters the school bully, Slab (Kurt Ostlund), and a student in his class whom he has a crush on, named Echo (Matreya Fedor). However because he's 14, his students have little respect for him and often gets into trouble with the principal.^[1]

Production[link]

The series was created and is executive produced by Dan Signer. The series is filmed in front of a live studio audience at 5828 Byrne Road, in Burnaby, British Columbia.^[1]

The series began taping on Thursday, September 30th, 2010 and production of Season 1 was completed on Friday, April 15, 2011. Through their Facebook page, YTV announced on March 31, 2011 that Mr. Young was the #1 show on their network. On April 29, 2011 the series was renewed for a second season.^[2][3] Filming of Season 2 began in early July 2011 and continued through to January 2012.^[4]

Season 1[link]

The series began taping in Thursday, September 30th, 2010 and production of Season 1 was completed on Friday, April 15, 2011. Most of the episodes of Mr. Young on Season 1, is about Adam Young trying to impress Echo with the help of Derby in episodes such as Mr. Ballerina, Mr. Big Brother and Mr. Meteor. There are some romantic moments with Adam and Echo, shown in Mr. Picture Day, Mr. Detention and Mr. DNA. Students such as Derby and Slab (Kurt Ostlund) sometimes make Adam leave or try to make him appreciate them in episodes like Mr. Elderman and Mr. Space. Principal Tater (Milo Shandel) also gets pranked, like in Mr. DNA and Mr. Impossible. Adam and Ivy (Emily Tennant) don't really get along in the first episode. Mr. Space is the first 1 hour long special of Mr. Young. Mr. Mummy aired in the U.S along with the Disney XD show Kickin' It before it aired in Canada.

Season 2[link]

On April 29, 2011 the series was renewed for a second season.^[2][3] Filming of Season 2 began in early July 2011 and continued until January 2012.^[4] Corus Entertainment’s YTV announced today that Mr. Young has been picked up for another season. Thunderbird Films will commence production of 26 new episodes in July, bringing the total number of episodes to 52. The live-action series premiered on March 1 and has quickly become one of the network’s top rated series. Filmed in front of a live studio audience in Burnaby, British Columbia, Mr. Young stars Brendan Meyer as Adam Young, a whiz-kid-turned-teen genius who hit the books hard enough to get into university at the age of 9. Now, at the age of 14, he’s headed back to high school – as a teacher. Being the same age as his students, Adam finds himself trapped between two worlds – coping with his co-workers, who happen to be twice his age, while teaching his best friend, the girl he has a crush on, and the class bully. With one foot in the lunch room and the other foot in the staff room, it’s Mr. Young’s social life that’s being put to the test.

Season 3[link]

In April 2012 YTV and Disney XD renewed Mr. Young for a third season. Production of Mr. Young season 3 begins on May 10th, 2012 and ends on November 2nd, 2012.^{[citation needed]}

Cast[link]

Principal cast[link]

• Brendan Meyer^[5] as Adam Young a fourteen year old genius who is a science teacher at the fictional Finnegan High School. His best friends are Derby and Echo. He is Ivy's younger brother, although you would never be able to tell. He makes it very obvious that he has a massive crush on Echo, even though she doesn't notice anything he does to get her attention. Adam Young is a somewhat awkward but good natured person. He is sometimes selfish when he wants something. His mother is Rachel Young and he has an older sister named Ivy. It is currently unknown who his father is.
• Matreya Fedor^[6] as Echo a student at Finnegan High School. She is in Mr. Young(Adam)'s class She is also Adam's crush but doesn't notice anything he does to get her attention. Echo also cares deeply about the environment and other people. She also sometimes has a little crush on Adam. Echo is a student in Adam's grade 9 science class. She is thoughtful, socially aware, very pretty, and secretly likes all things to do with science-fiction. Adam has a crush on her, but she seems completely unaware to this. She probably likes Adam back. She is on and off as good friends and sometimes enemies with Adam,Ivy, Derby and Slab.
• Gig Morton^[7] as Derby a student at Finnegan High School. He is Adam's best friend and is always. He's a lovable goofball with good intentions. But he can also be selfish when it comes to money (though he only wants money for extra cheese on pizza). He is attracted to many girls but is always rejected and ignored. He also has a tendency to wear and provide costumes. Derby is Adam's best friend and also his student, a line that Derby’s more than happy to blur. Derby is a class clown and is skilled in the arts, especially the fine art of pranking.
• Kurt Ostlund^[8] as Jordan 'Slab' Slabinski, the bully of Finnegan High School. Though large on the outside "Slab" has a soft side as well. He likes doing ballet, looking at the stars, and friendship. Though he does do pranks to innocent people he says he does it to conceal his feelings. Though he often bullies Derby by putting him in trash cans, he occasionally helps him out. Although he is a bully he does have feelings for other people such as Brap. He has a hamster named Slab Jr he has been held back many years because he isn't the sharpest tool in the shed! It is revealed that Slab is 25 years old.
• Emily Tennant^[9] as Ivy Young, Adam's not-so-bright elder sister. She loves shopping and bossing Adam around. Though deep down she truly does care about Adam and other people and will help them out. She has a crush on Hutch Anderson. Ivy is is a stereotypical blonde and is attractive to the male students. She also is a reporter for the school newspaper, along with Echo .
• Milo Shandel^[10] as Principal Tater, the principal of Finnegan High School who often checks up on Mr. Young and his class. He always bosses people around.

Recurring cast[link]

• Raugi Yu as Dang, he is the school's cheerful Vietnamese janitor, he usually appears out of nowhere when people mention his name, as well as being able to be in two places at once. He also is shown to have a passion for leaf monkeys, Halloween, and says the word "demon" several times. He is a good fighter,he is very skilled at martial arts, popping out of nowhere when the characters mention his name. Occasionally he wears a giant purple cowboy hat with feathers, which he calls his "Fancy Hat" he lives in Finnegan High and almost never wants to leave because leaf monkey's don't live there, who steal his fancy hat. Dang has a brother named Ding that he disliked because Ding married a duck named Shirley, Dang forgave his brother who was Echo disguised as Ding (Dang cannot tell the difference between Echo in disguise and his brother) because he saw Slab's mother and exclaimed "There are worse things to marry than duck!".
• Paul Shaw as Ms. Byrne, an old history teacher who is in charge of the science club and school newspaper. She has bad memory, often shown to forget things that she saw or heard a few seconds ago. She always teaches the same thing every class; The War of 1812, always starting off as "Who has heard of the War of 1812?" before all the students raise up their hands. It has also been suggested in several episodes that she is extremely old, though she disagrees. Notable examples include "Mr. Younger Man" where she claims to have seen Hailey's Comet 6 times already which if true would prove that she is between 375 to 456 years old, and in "Mr. Servant" where she is seen to have been "Miss Constantinople." It is revealed that her mother is still alive and even her grandma. It is also shown that she has many, extremely old grandchildren.
• Anne Galvin as Rachel Young, Ivy's and Adam's mother, she delivers meals to seniors and can sometimes be helpful. She can be dishonest(she claimed during the school carnival that there was a giant man-eating chicken in her booth, when in reality it was a tall man eating chicken)and sometimes doesn't care about Adam's feelings (once she sold his comic collection with his knowledge) She was schoolmates with Tater once and was framed and suspended for putting glue in the mascot's costume which made Tater Bald. She was once a cheerleader at Finnegan High
• Brett Dier as Hutch Anderson, he is Ivy's crush and is on and off as Ivy's boyfriend(he has had other girlfriends). He is very gentleman-like and is a lifeguard and tried to save Adam (who was dressed like a mummy) because of his oath. He helped Ivy's mother take out the trash in one episode. He played Romeo in the school play Romeo and Juliet, but had to leave because Ivy put itching powder makeup on him to stop him from kissing Echo.
• Amit Josan as Fortran, he is the nerd that Slab and Derby pick on. He has allergies and takes allergy medicine. He plays the violin.

International release and distribution[link]

On September 7, 2011, Corus Entertainment's^[1] Nelvana Enterprises and Thunderbird Films announced that they had sold the live-action comedy series to Disney XD^[11] channels in the U.S. and around the world. Territories in addition to the U.S. include the U.K., Spain, Portugal, Italy, the Netherlands, Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Australia and New Zealand.^[12] The series is set to premiere in most territories this year. Nelvana Enterprises is the international distribution agent for Mr. Young, while Nelvana and Thunderbird are co-distributing the series in the United States.^[13][14]

On September 27, 2011, Nelvana Entertprises announced that it had also sold distribution rights to the series to the Latin American version of Cartoon Network, which premiered on April 30, 2012.^[15]

Country / Region	Channel	Series premiere
Canada	YTV ABC Spark	March 1, 2011 March 24, 2012
Israel	Arutz HaYeladim	September 18, 2011
United States	Disney Channel	October 22, 2011 (2011-10-22) October 23, 2011 (2011-10-23)
	Disney XD	September 26, 2011
Poland	Disney XD (Poland)	December 3, 2011
United Kingdom	Disney XD (UK & Ireland)	December 2011 (sneak peek) January 15, 2012 (premiere)
Italy	Disney XD (Italy) Disney Channel (Italy)	January 16, 2012 February 7, 2012
Netherlands	Disney XD (Netherlands)	April 16, 2012
Turkey	Disney XD (Turkey)	April 1, 2012
France	Canal J	August 28, 2011
South Africa	Disney XD (South Africa)	April 16, 2012
Chile	Cartoon Network Latin America	April 30, 2012
Colombia
Honduras
Peru
Mexico
Panama
Uruguay
Venezuela
Dominican Republic
Argentina	Cartoon Network (Argentina)	April 30, 2012
Brazil	Cartoon Network (Brazil)	April 30, 2012
Spain	Disney XD	2012
Hungary
Romania
Czech Republic
Greece
Ukraine
Bulgaria
Portugal
Middle East	Disney XD	2012
Australia	Disney XD (Australia)	2012
New Zealand
Pakistan	Disney Channel Asia	2012
Sri Lanka
Philippines
Bangladesh
Brunei
Hong Kong
Malaysia
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Indonesia
Taiwan

Episodes[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official YTV Website
• Mr. Young at the Internet Movie Database