Mac OS is a series of graphical user interface-based operating systems developed by Apple Inc. (formerly Apple Computer, Inc.) for their Macintosh line of computer systems. The Macintosh user experience is credited with popularizing the graphical user interface. The original form of what Apple would later name the "Mac OS" was the integral and unnamed system software first introduced in 1984 with the original Macintosh, usually referred to simply as the System software.

Conception[link]

From the beginning, Apple deliberately sought to minimize by design the user's conceptual awareness of the operating system as such. Tasks that on other products required a more explicit working knowledge of an operating system would on a Macintosh be accomplished by intuitive mouse gestures and manipulation of graphical control panels. The intention was that the product would thus be more user-friendly and so more easily mastered. This would differentiate it from devices using other operating environments, such as MS-DOS machines, which were more technically challenging to operate.

The core of the system software was held in ROM, with updates (which would override ROM-resident portions in RAM) typically provided free of charge by Apple dealers on floppy disk. The user's involvement in an upgrade of the operating system was also minimized to running an installer, or simply replacing system files, the simplicity of which again differentiated the product from other offerings.

Versions[link]

Early versions of the Mac OS were compatible only with Motorola 68000-based Macintoshes. As Apple introduced computers with PowerPC hardware, the OS was ported to support this architecture as well. Mac OS 8.1 was the last version that could run on a "68K" processor (the 68040). Mac OS X, which has superseded the "Classic" Mac OS, is compatible with only PowerPC processors from version 10.0 ("Cheetah") to version 10.3 ("Panther"). PowerPC and Intel processors are supported in version 10.4 ("Tiger", Intel only supported after an update) and version 10.5 ("Leopard"). 10.6 and later versions support only Intel processors.^[4]

The early Macintosh operating system initially consisted of two pieces of software, called "System" and "Finder", each with its own version number.^[5] System 7.5.1 was the first to include the Mac OS logo (a variation on the original Happy Mac startup icon), and Mac OS 7.6 was the first to be named "Mac OS".

Before the introduction of the later PowerPC G3-based systems, significant parts of the system were stored in physical ROM on the motherboard. The initial purpose of this was to avoid using up the limited storage of floppy disks on system support, given that the early Macs had no hard disk. (Only one model of Mac was ever actually bootable using the ROM alone, the 1991 Mac Classic model.) This architecture also allowed for a completely graphical OS interface at the lowest level without the need for a text-only console or command-line mode. Boot time errors, such as finding no functioning disk drives, were communicated to the user graphically, usually with an icon or the distinctive Chicago bitmap font and a Chime of Death or a series of beeps. This was in contrast to computers of the time, which displayed such messages in a mono-spaced font on a black background, and required the use of the keyboard, not a mouse, for input. To provide such niceties at a low level, Mac OS depended on core system software in ROM on the motherboard, a fact that later helped to ensure that only Apple computers or licensed clones (with the copyright-protected ROMs from Apple) could run Mac OS.

Mac OS can be divided into two families:

• The Mac OS Classic family, which was based on Apple's own code
• The Mac OS X operating system, developed from Mac OS Classic family, and NeXTSTEP, which was UNIX-based.

"Classic" Mac OS (1984–2001)[link]

The "classic" Mac OS is characterized by its total lack of a command line; it is a completely graphical operating system. Versions of Mac OS up through System 4 only ran one application at a time. Even so, it was noted for its ease of use. Mac OS gained cooperative multitasking with System 5, which ran on the Mac SE and Macintosh II. It was criticized for its very limited memory management, lack of protected memory, and susceptibility to conflicts among operating system "extensions" that provide additional functionality (such as networking) or support for a particular device. Some extensions may not work properly together, or work only when loaded in a particular order. Troubleshooting Mac OS extensions could be a time-consuming process of trial and error.

The Macintosh originally used the Macintosh File System (MFS), a flat file system with only one level of folders. This was quickly replaced in 1985 by the Hierarchical File System (HFS), which had a true directory tree. Both file systems are otherwise compatible.

Most file systems used with DOS, Unix, or other operating systems treat a file as simply a sequence of bytes, requiring an application to know which bytes represent what type of information. By contrast, MFS and HFS give files two different "forks". The data fork contains the same sort of information as other file systems, such as the text of a document or the bitmaps of an image file. The resource fork contains other structured data such as menu definitions, graphics, sounds, or code segments. A file might consist only of resources with an empty data fork, or only a data fork with no resource fork. A word processor file could contain its text in the data fork and styling information in the resource fork, so that an application which doesn’t recognize the styling information can still read the raw text.

On the other hand, these forks would provide a challenge to interoperability with other operating systems: how does one copy a dual-forked file into a different file system, or across a file-transfer system, or embed it into email? In copying or transferring a MacOS file to a non-Mac system, the default implementations would simply strip the file of its resource fork. Most data files contained only nonessential information in their resource fork, such as window size and location, but program files would be inoperative without their resources. This necessitated such encoding schemes as BinHex and MacBinary, which allowed a user to encode a dual-forked file into a single stream, or take a single stream so-encoded and reconstitute it into a dual-forked file usable by MacOS.

PowerPC versions of Mac OS X up to and including Mac OS X v10.4 Tiger (support for Classic was dropped by Apple with v10.5 Leopard's release and it is no longer included) include a compatibility layer for running older Mac applications, the Classic Environment. This runs a full copy of the older Mac OS, version 9.1 or later, in a Mac OS X process. PowerPC-based Macs shipped with Mac OS 9.2 as well as Mac OS X. Mac OS 9.2 had to be installed by the user— it was not installed by default on hardware revisions released after the release of Mac OS X 10.4 Tiger. Most well-written "classic" applications function properly under this environment, but compatibility is only assured if the software was written to be unaware of the actual hardware, and to interact solely with the operating system. The Classic Environment is not available on Intel-based Macintosh systems due to the incompatibility of Mac OS 9 with the x86 hardware.

Users of the classic Mac OS generally upgraded to Mac OS X, but many criticized it as being more difficult and less user-friendly than the original Mac OS, for the lack of certain features that had not been re-implemented in the new OS, or for being slower on the same hardware (especially older hardware), or other, sometimes serious incompatibilities with the older OS.^[6] Because drivers (for printers, scanners, tablets, etc.) written for the older Mac OS are not compatible with Mac OS X, and due to the lack of Mac OS X support for older Apple machines, a significant number of Macintosh users continued using the older classic Mac OS.

In June 2005, Steve Jobs announced at the Worldwide Developers Conference keynote that Apple computers would be transitioning from PowerPC to Intel processors and thus dropping compatibility on new machines for Mac OS Classic. At the same conference, Jobs announced Developer Transition Kits that included beta versions of Apple software including Mac OS X that developers could use to test their applications as they ported them to run on Intel-powered Macs. In January 2006, Apple released the first Macintosh computers with Intel processors, an iMac and the MacBook Pro, and in February 2006, Apple released a Mac mini with an Intel Core Solo and Duo processor. On May 16, 2006, Apple released the MacBook, before completing the Intel transition on August 7 with the Mac Pro. To ease the transition for early buyers of the new machines, Intel-based Macs included an emulation technology called Rosetta, which allows them to run Mac OS X software that was compiled for PowerPC-based Macintoshes. Rosetta runs transparently, creating a user experience identical to running the software on a PowerPC machine, though execution is typically slower than with native code. Rosetta was an optional installation in Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard and is not available at all in Mac OS X 10.7 Lion.

OS X[link]

OS X is the newest of Apple Inc.'s Mac OS line of operating systems. Although it is officially designated as simply "version 10" of the Mac OS, it has a history largely independent of the earlier Mac OS releases.

The operating system is the successor to Mac OS 9 and the "classic" Mac OS. It is a Unix operating system, based on the NeXTSTEP operating system and the Mach kernel which Apple acquired after purchasing NeXT Computer, with its CEO Steve Jobs returning to Apple at this time. Mac OS X also makes use of the BSD code base. There have been six significant releases of the client version, the most recent being Mac OS X 10.7, referred to as Lion. In February 2012, Apple announced OS X 10.8. referred to as Mountain Lion.

As well as the client versions, OS X has also had six significant releases as a server version, called Mac OS X Server. The first of these, Mac OS X Server 1.0, was released in beta in 1999. The server versions are architecturally identical to the client versions, with the differentiation found in their inclusion of tools for server management, including tools for managing Mac OS X-based workgroups, mail servers, and web servers, amongst other tools. It was the default operating system for Xserve (which has now been discontinued),^[7] it's an optional feature on the Mac Mini and the Mac Pro, and it's also installable on most other Macs. Unlike the client version, Mac OS X Server can be run in a virtual machine using emulation software such as Parallels Desktop and VMWare Fusion.

OS X is also the basis for iOS, (previously iPhone OS) used on Apple's iPhone, iPod Touch, and iPad.

Star Trek[link]

Star Trek (as in "to boldly go where no Mac has gone before") was a relatively unknown secret prototype Apple started work on in 1992, which goal was to create a version of the classic Mac OS that would run on Intel-compatible x86 personal computers. The project was instigated by Novell, Inc., who were looking to integrate their DR-DOS with the Mac OS UI as a retort to Microsoft's Windows 3.0. The Apple/Novell team (fourteen engineers from the former, four from the latter) was able to get the Macintosh Finder and some basic applications, like QuickTime, running smoothly on the x86 architecture. Some of the code from this effort was reused later when porting the Mac OS to PowerPC.^[8]

The project was cancelled only one year later in early 1993. There are two theories for the project's short life: the first is that Apple's board canceled further development upon realizing that going with Star Trek would mean an entirely new business model and one that would likely see a notable drop in Apple's lucrative hardware sales; and the second is that an x86 Mac OS was not commercially viable in the early nineties because Microsoft's contracts for Windows 3.1 forced PC manufacturers to pay a royalty to Microsoft for every computer shipped, regardless of what operating system it contained.^[9]

A further complication was that Star Trek was designed to be source-level compatible, not binary compatible, with the Mac OS. Mac applications would therefore have to be recompiled or rewritten by their developers to run on the x86 architecture, and there was much skepticism as to exactly how much work this would entail.

Fifteen years after Star Trek, support for the x86 architecture was officially included in Mac OS, and then Apple transitioned all desktop computers to the x86 architecture. This was not the direct result of earlier Project Star Trek efforts. The Darwin underpinning used for Mac OS X 10.0 and later included support for the x86 architecture. The remaining non-Darwin portion of Mac OS X (based on OPENSTEP, which ran on Intel processors) was released officially with the introduction of x86 Macintosh computers.

68000 emulation[link]

Although the Star Trek software was never released, third-party Macintosh emulators, such as vMac, Basilisk II, and Executor, eventually made it possible to run the classic Mac OS on Intel-based PCs. These emulators were restricted to emulating the 68000 series of processors, and as such most couldn't run versions of the Mac OS that succeeded 8.1, which required PowerPC processors. Most also required a Mac ROM image or a hardware interface supporting a real Mac ROM chip; those requiring an image are of dubious legal standing as the ROM image may infringe on Apple's intellectual property.

A notable exception was the Executor commercial software product from Abacus Research & Development, the only product that used 100% reverse engineered code without the use of Apple technology. It ran extremely quickly but never achieved more than a minor subset of functionality. Few programs were completely compatible and many were extremely crash-prone if they ran at all. Executor filled a niche market for porting 68000 classic Mac applications to x86 platforms; development ceased in 2002 and the source code was released by the author in late 2008.^[10]

Emulators using Mac ROM images offered near complete Mac OS compatibility and later versions offered excellent performance as modern x86 processor performance increased exponentially.

Most of the Mac user base had already started moving to the PowerPC platform that offered backward compatibility on 8.xx & 9.xx operating systems along with faster PowerPC software support. This helped ease the transition to PowerPC-only applications while prematurely obsolescing 68000 emulators and the Classic-only applications they supported well before these emulators were refined enough to compete with a real Mac.

PowerPC emulation[link]

At the time of 68000-emulator development, PowerPC support was difficult to justify not only due to the emulation code itself but also the anticipated wide performance overhead of an emulated PowerPC architecture vs. a real PowerPC based Mac. This would later prove correct with the start of the PearPC project even years later despite the availability of 7th & 8th generation x86 processors employing similar architecture paradigms present in the PowerPC. Many application developers were also creating and releasing both 68000 Classic and PowerPC versions concurrently helping to negate the need for PowerPC emulation. PowerPC Mac users who could technically run either obviously chose the faster PowerPC applications. Soon Apple was no longer selling 68000-based Macs and the existing installed base started to quickly evaporate. Despite the eventual excellent 68000-emulation technology available they proved never to be even a minor threat to real Macs due to their late arrival and immaturity even several years after the release of much more compelling PowerPC based Macs.

The PearPC emulator is capable of emulating the PowerPC processors required by newer versions of the Mac OS (like Mac OS X). Unfortunately, it is still in the early stages and, like many emulators, tends to run much slower than a native operating system would.

During the transition from PowerPC to Intel processors, Apple realized the need to incorporate a PowerPC emulator into Mac OS X in order to protect its customers' investments in software designed to run on the PowerPC. Apple's solution is an emulator called Rosetta. Prior to the announcement of Rosetta, industry observers assumed that any PowerPC emulator running on an x86 processor would suffer a heavy performance penalty (e.g., PearPC's slow performance). Rosetta's relatively minor performance penalty therefore took many by surprise.

Another PowerPC emulator is SheepShaver, which has been around since 1998 for BeOS on the PowerPC platform, but in 2002 was open sourced with porting efforts beginning to get it to run on other platforms. Originally it was not designed for use on x86 platforms and required an actual PowerPC processor present in the machine it was running on similar to a hypervisor. Although it provides PowerPC processor support, it can only run up to Mac OS 9.0.4 because it does not emulate a memory management unit.

Other examples include ShapeShifter (by the same programmer that conceived SheepShaver), Fusion and iFusion. The latter ran classic Mac OS with a PowerPC "coprocessor" accelerator card. Using this method has been said to equal or better the speed of a Macintosh with the same processor, especially with respect to the m68k series due to real Macs running in MMU trap mode, hampering performance.

Macintosh clones[link]

Several computer manufacturers over the years have made Macintosh clones capable of running Mac OS, notably Power Computing, UMAX and Motorola. These machines normally ran various versions of classic Mac OS. Steve Jobs ended the clone-licensing program after returning to Apple in 1997.

In 2008, a manufacturing company in Miami, FL called Psystar Corporation, announced a $499 clone that comes with a barebones system that can run Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard. Threatened with legal battles, Psystar originally called the system OpenMac and have since changed it to Open Computer. Apple filed a lawsuit with the company and asked that Psystar be ordered to stop producing clone systems, recall every system sold, and pay monetary damages.^[11] Eventually, Apple prevailed in court, and the Open Computer's production was ceased. Psystar itself appears to be defunct now, as the company's website is gone.

A/UX[link]

In 1988, Apple released its first UNIX-based OS, A/UX, which was a UNIX operating system with the Mac OS look and feel. It was not very competitive for its time, due in part to the crowded Unix market. A/UX had most of its success in sales to the U.S. government, where UNIX was a requirement that Mac OS could not meet. Mac OS X later incorporated code from the UNIX-based NeXTStep after Steve Jobs rejoined Apple in 1997.

MAE[link]

The Macintosh Application Environment (MAE) was a software package introduced by Apple Computer in 1994 which allowed users of certain Unix-based computer workstations to run Apple Macintosh application software.

MAE used the X Window System to emulate a Macintosh Finder-style graphical user interface. The last version, MAE 3.0, was compatible with System 7.5.3.

MAE was available for Sun Microsystems SPARCstation and Hewlett-Packard systems. It was discontinued on May 14, 1998.

MkLinux[link]

Announced at The 1996 World Wide Developers Conference (WWDC), MkLinux is an open source computer operating system started by the OSF Research Institute and Apple Computer in February 1996 to port Linux to the PowerPC platform, and thus Macintosh computers. In the summer of 1998, the community-led MkLinux Developers Association took over development of the operating system. MkLinux is short for "Microkernel Linux," which refers to the project's adaptation of the Linux kernel to run as a server hosted atop the Mach microkernel. MkLinux is based on version 3.0 of Mach.

Mac OS on non Apple-labeled computers[link]

This section relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (March 2012)

Although apparently a violation of Apple's EULA,^[12] running Mac OS X operating systems compiled for x86 or x86_64 ("Intel 64") on a non-Apple PC is possible using several approaches. If the processor is an Intel Core 2 or later, but not an Intel Atom, Apple's standard mach_kernel is sufficient.^{[citation needed]} If the processor is an Atom, the user-supported "legacy" mach_kernel_atom, derived from the appropriate mach_kernel, is required.^{[citation needed]} If the processor is a pre-Core 2 Intel, say, a late Pentium 4 either with or without EM64T, but usually with H-T, the user-supported "legacy" mach_kernel_non-atom, derived from the appropriate mach_kernel, is required.^{[citation needed]}

Installation of MacOS X requires a MacOS X Installer emulator, the most straightforward of which is a USB flash drive-type Installer emulator. Once the installation has been successfully completed to the hard drive, the hard drive may be booted using the emulator portion of the USB flash drive as a "helper" and a boot loader Installer may be downloaded and used to place the boot loader on the hard drive's boot blocks. Thereafter, MacOS X may be booted from the hard drive alone; the installed boot loader takes care of any required device injection and/or kernel patching.

MacOS X is generally compatible with any Intel desktop-based system or Intel-based motherboard, ICH6 or later,^[13] however compatibility past Snow Leopard cannot be assured with ICH6. Compatibility with ICH7 and with Lion and 945 (G)MCH has already been demonstrated and proved. Compatibility with ICH7 or later and any associated MCH/(G)MCH is quite good, certainly including Lion, and possibly also including Mountain Lion.

MacOS X compatibility with Intel laptop- or netbook-based systems is quite variable but has been successful on a few Intel Atom-based netbooks.

References[link]

Bibliography[link]

• Hormby, Tom (2005) "Star Trek: Apple's First Mac OS on Intel Project"

External links[link]

• Mac OS X – Official site
• Mac 101 – Apple's introductory guide to the Mac OS.
• Folklore.org – A site of anecdotes shared by the creators of the first Macintosh.
• The Vintage Mac Museum: – Old Mac System - From System1 to System7

David Pogue
Pogue in October 2010
Born	David Welch Pogue (1963-03-09) March 9, 1963 (age 49) Shaker Heights, Ohio, U.S.A.
Alma mater	Yale University
Children	son Kelly, daughter Tia, and son Jeffrey
Website
http://www.davidpogue.com/

David Welch Pogue^[1] (born March 9, 1963) is an American technology writer and TV science host. He is a personal technology columnist for the New York Times, an Emmy-winning tech correspondent for CBS News Sunday Morning, and a columnist for Scientific American. He is also the host of NOVA ScienceNow on PBS and was the host of the NOVA specials Making Stuff in 2011^[2] and Hunting the Elements in 2012.^[3] Pogue has written or co-written seven books in the For Dummies series (including Macintosh computers, magic, opera, and classical music). In 1999, he launched his own series of computer how-to books called the Missing Manual series, which now includes over 100 titles covering a variety of Macintosh and Windows operating systems and applications. Among the dozens of books Pogue has authored is The World According to Twitter (2009), written in collaboration with around 500,000 of his Twitter followers.

Early life[link]

Pogue was born in Shaker Heights, Ohio, the son of Richard Welch Pogue, an attorney and former Managing Partner at Jones, Day, Reavis & Pogue, and Patricia Ruth (née Raney).^[4] He is a grandson of aviation attorney L.Welch Pogue and Mary Ellen Edgerton. He is also a great nephew of Harold Eugene "Doc" Edgerton, a professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and credited with transforming the stroboscope from an obscure laboratory instrument into a common device.^[5]

He graduated from Yale University in 1985, summa cum laude with Distinction in Music.^[6] He spent ten years working in New York, for a time in the office of Music Theatre International and also intermittently as a Broadway musical conductor. On August 29, 2007 he received an Honorary Degree (Doctor of Music) from Shenandoah Conservatory of Shenandoah University in Winchester, Virginia.

Career[link]

Pogue wrote for Macworld Magazine from 1988-2000. His back-page column was called The Desktop Critic. Pogue got his start writing books when Macworld-owner IDG asked him to write Macs for Dummies to follow on the success of the first ...for Dummies book, DOS for Dummies, written by Dan Gookin.^[6]

Since November 2000, Pogue has served as the The New York Times personal-tech columnist; his column, "State of the Art," appears each Thursday on the front page of the Business section. He also writes "From the Desk of David Pogue," a tech-related opinion column that is sent to readers by e-mail. He also maintains a blog at nytimes.com called Pogue's Posts.

From 2007 to 2011, Pogue appeared on CNBC's Power Lunch in a taped, three-minute comic tech review, which then appeared on the New York Times website, nytimes.com, as well as iTunes, YouTube, TiVo, and JetBlue.

In 2007, the HD Theater and Science channels aired his six-episode series, It's All Geek to Me, a how-to show about consumer technology.

He hosted a four-part PBS NOVA miniseries about materials science called Making Stuff, which aired on four consecutive Wednesdays starting January 19, 2011 on PBS.^[2] It was followed by a two-hour special about the periodic table, Hunting the Elements, which aired April 4, 2012.^[3]

He also writes and hosts several segments each year for CBS News Sunday Morning.

Pogue is a frequent speaker at educational and government conferences, addressing such topics as disruptive technology, social media, digital photography, and why products fail.^[7] He has performed twice at TED, a conference in Monterey, CA: in 2006, a 20-minute talk about simplicity; and in 2007, a medley of high-tech song parodies at the piano (or, as Pogue joked, "a tedley,").^[8] In 2008, he performed at the EG conference, also in Monterey, talking about cellphones, the tricks they can be made to do, and how the phones are often better than the companies that market them.

Consumer advocacy[link]

In his New York Times columns and blog posts, Pogue has launched several high-profile consumer advocacy initiatives. His campaigns have caused corporations to change practices and marketing claims that Pogue said were unfair or misleading.

In July 2009, Pogue launched “Take Back the Beep.”^[9] The campaign was designed to raise consumer awareness about American cellphone carriers’ mandatory 15-second voice mail instructions. Pogue wrote that the instructions are unnecessary, as most everyone knows “what to do at the beep.”^[9] However, because consumers can’t easily turn the instructions off (if at all), the instructions eat into consumers’ voice plan minutes. “I calculated that if Verizon’s 87 million customers leave or check messages twice each business day, that comes out to $750 million of air time a year — your money and your time, listening to pointless instructions over and over again.”^[10]

Pogue explained how consumers could bypass the voice mail instructions, encouraged readers to complain about the practice to their carriers, and provided links where they could file complaints.^[11] Other media outlets reported on the “Take Back the Beep” campaign, including radio stations and blogs such as Gizmodo, Engadget, The Consumerist, and Technologizer.^[11] As a result of the “Take Back the Beep” campaign, AT&T shortened its voicemail instructions to eight seconds down from 12 or 15, though no other carriers followed suit^[12] and Verizon Wireless didn’t respond to the campaign.^[13]

In November 2009, Pogue reported on a Verizon customer’s complaint that the wireless carrier charged $1.99 a pop for “bogus data downloads,” a practice validated by another reader who said he works for Verizon.^[14] The charge resulted whenever a Verizon customer touched the up-arrow key on some Verizon phones. The key is easy to accidentally hit and is preprogrammed by Verizon to launch the mobile Web, causing the consumer to incur a $1.99 data charge each time the key is pressed.^[14]

As a result of Pogue’s reportage, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) asked Verizon to explain the data charge.^[15] In October 2010, in response to the FCC inquiry, Verizon agreed to pay up to $90 million in refunds to 15 million customers “wrongly charged for data sessions or Internet use,” one of the largest refunds by a telecommunications company.^[16]

In January 2010, Pogue reported that Barnes & Noble claimed its Nook e-reader weighed 11.2 ounces, though Pogue found it weighed 12.1 ounces.^[17] He wrote that the discrepancy was “a rather important fib in a product that you have to hold in your hand for hours at a time.”^[18] Barnes & Noble claimed that “higher than anticipated demand” for the Nook created “minor variances in the manufacturing process” resulting in a “marginal weight difference…making Nook 12.1 ounces.”^[17] The company said it would update all references to the weight.^[17]

Pogue took Barnes & Noble to task again in November 2011 for claiming that its Nook Color Tablet allowed users to view movies and TV shows in high definition.^[18] However, the device’s screen resolution is 1,024 x 600 pixels, below the lowest-quality HD format of 720p, which has a screen resolution of 1,280 x 720 pixels.^[18] In response, Barnes & Noble agreed that consumers might be misled by the HD video claims and eliminated nine such references from its Web site^[19] and from its marketing literature.

Awards[link]

In 2004, Pogue won a Business Emmy as the correspondent for two CBS News Sunday Morning stories about Google and spam. Pogue received the award for taking “complex technological applications such as Google or Spam and (making) them comprehensible to the ordinary, non-technophile viewer.”^[20]

Shenandoah Conservatory awarded Pogue an honorary doctorate in music in 2007 for his “lifelong interests (that) have explored the boundary, the interface, between classical music in performance and computer applications.”^[21]

In 2008, Pogue received a Society of Business Editors and Writers Best in Business Journalism award for his New York Times video "The iPhone Challenge: Keep it Quiet."^[22]

On May 5, 2009, Pogue won two Webby Awards. His New York Times online video series “was the only winner in multiple categories, earning nods for Best Reality/Variety Host and Technology.”^[23]

His New York Times blog “Pogue’s Posts” received the 2010 Gerald Loeb Award for Online Commentary & Blogging.^[24]

On Feb. 3, 2011, Pogue became the second winner of the “Golden Mouth Organ” award on The Late Late Show With Craig Ferguson. Pogue received the award for being only the second person on the show who, when presented with a harmonica, could actually play it.^[25]

Controversy[link]

In a 2005 New York Times review of a hard drive recovery service, Pogue noted that the service, which can cost from $500 to $2,700, was provided to him at no charge for the purposes of the review;^[26] but when describing the service for National Public Radio's Morning Edition program on September 12, 2005,^[27] he neglected to mention this. NPR's Vice President of News Bill Marimow later stated that NPR should have either not aired the review or paid for the services itself.^[27] Ultimately, the Times paid for the service.^[26]

In September 2009, Pogue’s New York Times review of the Snow Leopard Macintosh operating system, a product for which he had also authored a Missing Manual book, was the subject of a column by The Times’ Public Editor Clark Hoyt.^[28] Hoyt wrote that Pogue’s “multiple interests and loyalties raise interesting ethical issues."^[28] Of three ethicists Hoyt consulted, each agreed Pogue's position created a "clear conflict of interest" and placed the paper on "tricky ethical terrain." In response, Pogue posted a statement of ethics on his Times Topics page^[29] and a disclosure was added to his Snow Leopard review on The Times’ web site.^[28]

In June 2011, Pogue gave a presentation at the Media Relations Summit sponsored by Ragan Communications in which he offered advice to PR professionals on how to successfully pitch him.^[30] Arthur S. Brisbane, The New York Times’ reader representative, subsequently wrote that the paper’s ethics policy states staff members and freelancers on assignment “may not advise individuals or organizations how to deal successfully with the news media.”^[30] Though Pogue is not a Times staff member and was not on assignment, an internal review determined that his presentation wasn’t appropriate.^[30] In an email to Brisbane about the matter, Pogue wrote that in the future, “my speaking agent will now present every offer to my (Times) editor and me simultaneously.”^[30]

Works[link]

Non-fiction[link]

• Classical Music for Dummies (ISBN 978-0764550096)
• Crossing Platforms: A Macintosh/Windows Phrasebook (with Adam C. Engst) (ISBN 978-1565925397)
• CSS: the Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596802448)
• David Pogue's Digital Photography: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596154035)
• The Flat-Screen iMac for Dummies (ISBN 978-0764516634)
• GarageBand: the Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596006952)
• GarageBand 2: the Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596100353)
• The Great Macintosh Easter Egg Hunt (ISBN 978-0425160060)
• The iBook for Dummies (ISBN 978-0764506475)
• iLife '04: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596006945)
• iLife '05: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596100360)
• The iMac for Dummies (ISBN 0764504959)
• iMovie: The Missing Manual (ISBN 1565928598)
• iMovie 2: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596001049)
• iMovie 3 & iDVD: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596005078)
• iMovie 4 & iDVD: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596006938)
• iMovie HD & iDVD 5: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596100339)
• iMovie 6 & iDVD: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596527266)
• iMovie '08 & iDVD: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596516192)
• iMovie '09 & iDVD: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596801410)
• iMovie '11 & iDVD: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-1449393274)
• iPhoto: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596003654)
• iPhoto 2: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596005061)
• iPhoto 4: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596006921)
• iPhoto 5: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596100346)
• iPhoto 6: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596527259)
• iPhoto '08: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596516185)
• iPhoto '09: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596801441)
• iPhoto '11: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-1449393236)
• Mac OS 9: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-1565928572)
• Mac OS X: The Missing Manual (ISBN 0596000820)
• Mac OS X Hints (with Rob Griffiths) (ISBN 978-0596004514)
• Macs for Dummies (ISBN 978-0764503986)
• Macworld Mac Secrets (with Joseph Schorr) (ISBN 978-0764534157)
• Magic for Dummies (ISBN 978-0764551017)
• The Microsloth Joke Book: A Satire (editor) (ISBN 978-0425160541)
• More Macs for Dummies (ISBN 978-0764502675)
• Opera for Dummies (with Scott Speck) (ISBN 978-0764550102)
• PalmPilot: The Ultimate Guide (ISBN 1565926005)
• Switching to the Mac: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596004521)
• Tales from the Tech Line: Hilarious Strange-But-True Stories from the Computer Industry's Technical-Support Hotlines (editor) (ISBN 978-0425163634)
• The Weird Wide Web (with Erfert Fenton) (ISBN 978-0614262995)
• Windows Me: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596000097)
• Windows Vista: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596528270)
• Windows Vista for Starters: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596528263)
• Windows XP Home Edition: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596008970)
• Windows XP Pro: The Missing Manual (ISBN 978-0596008987)
• The World According to Twitter (ISBN 978-1579128272)

Fiction[link]

• Hard Drive (1993), a techno-thriller (ISBN 978-0441002559)
• "Abby Carnelia's One and Only Magical Power" (2010, novel for middle-schoolers) (ISBN 978-1596433847)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: David Pogue

• Official website
• David Pogue on Twitter
• Making Stuff, 2011 Nova science series on PBS
• Hunting Elements, 2012 Nova science series on PBS
• David Pogue at O'Reilly Media
• David Pogue collected news and commentary at The New York Times
  • Pogue's Posts blog
• David Pogue at TED Conferences
• Works by or about David Pogue in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• David Pogue at the Internet Movie Database
• David Pogue at the Internet Broadway Database