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![College Football - 1964 Sugar Bowl #8 Alabama Crimson Tide vs. #7 Ole Miss Rebels [1/2]](http://web.archive.org./web/20121122210935im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/-6kuQi1XhSg/default.jpg "A strange match up against 2 conference rivals (Who didn't play that year). Alabama had 2 losses, and was far less dominate than the previous 2 years, was 3rd in the conference with 2 losses to the Gators and Auburn. While Ole Miss was undefeated, but had ties to Memphis State and rival Mississippi State, ruining any title hopes they had.")
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Atlanta
Atlanta (
/ətˈlæntə/, stressed /ætˈlæntə/, locally /ætˈlænə/) is the capital and the most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia with a 2010 population of 420,003. Atlanta is the cultural and economic center of the Atlanta metropolitan area, which is home to 5,268,860 people and is the ninth largest in the U.S. It is a major component of a growing southeastern megalopolis known as the Piedmont Atlantic Megaregion. Atlanta is the county seat of Fulton County, and a small portion of the city extends eastward into DeKalb County.
Atlanta began as a settlement located at the terminus of a railroad line, and it was incorporated in 1845. Today, the city is a major business city and the primary transportation hub of the Southeastern United States (via highway, railroad, and air), with Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport being the world's busiest airport since 1998. The World Cities Study Group at Loughborough University rated Atlanta as an "alpha(-) world city." With a gross domestic product of US$270 billion, Atlanta's economy ranks 15th among world cities and sixth in the nation. The city is a center for services, finance, information technology, government, and higher education. Metro Atlanta contains the country's third largest concentration of Fortune 500 companies, and is the world headquarters of The Coca-Cola Company, Turner Broadcasting, The Home Depot, AT&T Mobility, UPS, and Delta Air Lines. As of 2010, Atlanta is the seventh most visited city in the United States, with over 35 million visitors per year.
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Auburn, Alabama
Auburn is a city in Lee County, Alabama, United States. It is the largest city in eastern Alabama with a 2010 population of 53,380. It is a principal city of the Auburn-Opelika Metropolitan Area. The Auburn-Opelika, AL MSA with a population of 135,833, along with the Columbus, GA-AL MSA and Tuskegee, Alabama, comprises the greater Columbus-Auburn-Opelika, GA-AL CSA, a region home to approximately 500,000 residents.
Auburn is a college town and is the home of Auburn University. Auburn has been marked in recent years by rapid growth, and is currently the fastest growing metropolitan area in Alabama and the nineteenth-fastest growing metro area in the United States since 1990.[needs citation] U.S. News has ranked Auburn among its top ten list of best places to live in United States for the year 2009. The city's unofficial nickname is “The Loveliest Village On The Plains,” taken from a line in the poem “The Deserted Village” by Oliver Goldsmith: “Sweet Auburn! loveliest village of the plain...”
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Birmingham, Alabama
Birmingham ( /ˈbɜrmɪŋhæm/ BUR-ming-ham) is the largest city in Alabama. The city is the county seat of Jefferson County. According to the 2010 United States Census, Birmingham had a population of 212,237. The Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Area had a population of about 1,128,047 according to the 2010 Census, which is approximately one-quarter of Alabama's population.
Birmingham was founded in 1871, just after the American Civil War, through the merger of three pre-existing farm towns, notably, former Elyton. It grew from there, annexing many more of its smaller neighbors, into an industrial and railroad transportation center with a focus on mining, the iron and steel industry, and railroading. Birmingham was named for Birmingham, one of the major industrial cities of the United Kingdom. Most of the original settlers who founded Birmingham were of English ancestry. The city was planned as a place where cheap, non-unionized, and African-American labor from rural Alabama could be employed in the city's steel mills and blast furnaces, giving it a competitive advantage over industrial cities in the Midwest and Northeast.
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Brown University
Brown University is a private, Ivy League university located in Providence, Rhode Island, United States. Founded in 1764 prior to American independence from the British Empire as the College in the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations early in the reign of King George III (1760–1820), Brown is the third oldest institution of higher education in New England and seventh oldest in the United States.
Brown was the first college in the nation to accept students regardless of religious affiliation. Academically, Brown consists of The College, Graduate School, Alpert Medical School, and the School of Engineering. Brown's international programs are organized through the Watson Institute for International Studies. The New Curriculum, instituted in 1969, eliminated distribution requirements and allows any course to be taken on a satisfactory/no credit basis. In addition, there are no pluses or minuses in the letter grading system. The school has the oldest undergraduate engineering program in the Ivy League (1847). Pembroke College, Brown's women's college, merged with the university in 1971. While Brown is considered a small research university with 689 full-time faculty and 2,000 graduate students, five of its professors and two of its alumni have been honored as Nobel Laureates. The faculty added 100 new professors in the past 10 years under the Boldly Brown campaign.
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Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the 4th Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf and Mississippi rivers.
Memphis had a population of 662,897 at the 2010 census, making it the largest city in the state of Tennessee, the third largest in the Southeastern United States, and the 20th largest in the United States. The greater Memphis metropolitan area, including adjacent counties in Mississippi and Arkansas, had a 2010 population of 1,316,100. This makes Memphis the second largest metropolitan area in Tennessee, surpassed only by metropolitan Nashville, which has overtaken Memphis in recent years. Memphis is the youngest of Tennessee's major cities. A resident of Memphis is referred to as a Memphian, and the Memphis region is known, particularly to media outlets, as the "Mid-South".
Because it occupies a substantial bluff rising from the Mississippi River, the site of Memphis is a natural location for settlement. The area was first settled by the Mississippian Culture and then by the Chickasaw Indian tribe. For 10,000 years they occupied the bluffs along the river, building a large mound on the bluff. European exploration came later, beginning in the 16th century with Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto and French explorers led by René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle.
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Pasadena, California
Pasadena ( /ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Although famous for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game and Tournament of Roses Parade, Pasadena is also the home to many scientific and cultural institutions, including the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena City College (PCC), Fuller Theological Seminary, Art Center College of Design, the Pasadena Playhouse, the Norton Simon Museum of Art and the Pacific Asia Museum.
As of 2010 United States Census, the population of Pasadena was 137,122, making it the 180th-largest city in the United States, down from 168th place in 2009. Pasadena is the ninth-largest city in Los Angeles County, and on June 19, 1886, became the fourth to be incorporated in Los Angeles County, after Anaheim (March 18, 1876) and Santa Ana (June 1, 1886), which were part of Los Angeles County until Orange County was formed in 1889. It is one of the primary cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley.
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Pensacola, Florida
Pensacola is the westernmost city in the Florida Panhandle and the county seat of Escambia County, Florida, United States of America. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 51,923. Pensacola is the principal city of the Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent Metropolitan Statistical Area, an area with about 455,102 residents in 2009.
Pensacola is a sea port on Pensacola Bay, which connects to the Gulf of Mexico. A large United States Naval Air Station, the first in the United States, is located southwest of Pensacola (near the community of Warrington) and is home to the Blue Angels flight demonstration team and the National Naval Aviation Museum. The main campus of the University of West Florida is situated north of the city center.
Pensacola is nicknamed "The City of Five Flags" due to the five governments that have flown flags over it during its history: the flags of Spain (Castile), France, Great Britain, the Confederate States of America, and the United States. Other nicknames include "World's Whitest Beaches" (due to the white sand prevalent along beaches in the Florida panhandle), "Cradle of Naval Aviation" (Naval Air Station Pensacola is the home of both the legendary Blue Angels and the National Museum of Naval Aviation), "Western Gate to the Sunshine State", "America's First Settlement", "Emerald Coast", "Redneck Riviera", "Red Snapper Capital of the World", and "P-Cola"
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Rose Bowl Game
The Rose Bowl (officially the Rose Bowl Game presented by Vizio for sponsorship purposes) is an annual American college football bowl game, usually played on January 1 (New Year's Day) at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California. When New Year's Day falls on a Sunday, the game is played on Monday, January 2. The Rose Bowl is nicknamed "The Granddaddy of Them All" because it is the oldest bowl game. It was first played in 1902, and has been played annually since 1916. Since 1945, it has been the highest attended college football bowl game. It is a part of the Tournament of Roses "America's New Year Celebration", which also includes the historic Tournament of Roses Parade. Except in the years when the Rose Bowl served as the BCS National Championship Game, the Rose Bowl Game has continued to be played in the afternoon.
In 2002 and 2006 (2001 and 2005 football seasons), the Rose Bowl game was also the BCS National Championship Game. In the current BCS alignment, the Rose Bowl hosts the Big Ten and Pacific-12 conference champions unless they are involved in the national championship game. Beginning with the 2012 Rose Bowl, Rose Bowl game representative teams from the Big Ten and Pacific-12 conferences are determined by Big Ten Football Championship Game and Pacific-12 Football Championship Game, respectively.
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South Bend, Indiana
The city of South Bend is the county seat of St. Joseph County, Indiana, United States, on the St. Joseph River near its southernmost bend, from which it derives its name. As of the 2010 Census, the city had a total of 101,168 residents; its Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 316,663 and Combined Statistical Area of 544,582. It is the fourth largest city in Indiana, and the economic and cultural hub of the Michiana region, with the University of Notre Dame located just to the north in unincorporated Notre Dame, Indiana.
The area was originally settled in the early 18th century by fur traders, and established as a city in 1865. The St. Joseph River shaped South Bend's economy through the mid-20th century. River access assisted heavy industrial development such as that of Studebaker, Oliver Chilled Plow Company, and other large corporations.
The population of South Bend has declined since a peak of 132,445 in 1960, chiefly due to the demise of Studebaker and other heavy industry. The 2000 census recorded a population increase of 2.2% from 1990, the first since 1960. Today, the largest industries in South Bend are health care, education, small business, and tourism. Remaining large corporations include Crowe Horwath, Honeywell, and AM General.
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Strode House
Coordinates: 33°11′9.65″N 87°30′2.78″W / 33.1860139°N 87.5007722°W / 33.1860139; -87.5007722 The Strode Mansion is the former residence of Hudson Strode. The residence includes the main house, a small caretaker's cabin, and a separate writing studio, as well as 27 acres (110,000 m2) of woodland. The Strodes bequeathed their residence to the University of Alabama's Department of English. The property is located at 49 Cherokee Drive, Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
The home was designated a historic landmark by the Alabama Historical Association in 1987. These days, it is usually occupied by the director of the Hudson Strode Program in Renaissance Studies. In the past, it was assigned to notable visiting faculty.
The caretaker's cabin ("Strode's Cabin") is occupied by a student from the University's Master of Fine Arts program.
One notable occupant was writer and teacher Richard Yates, a chain-smoker notorious for the way he "trashed the Strode House" with his four-pack a day habit.
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Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Tuscaloosa (/tʌskəˈluːsə/ TUSK-ə-LOO-sə) is a city in and the seat of Tuscaloosa County in west central Alabama (in the southeastern United States). Located on the Black Warrior River, it is the fifth-largest city in Alabama, with a population of 90,468 in 2010. It is the principal city of the Tuscaloosa Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Tuscaloosa, Greene, and Hale counties, and whose estimated metro population in 2012 was 221,553. A former capital of Alabama, Tuscaloosa is named after Tuskaloosa, the chieftain of a Muskogean-speaking people, who battled and was defeated by Hernando de Soto in 1540 in the Battle of Mabila.
Tuscaloosa is the regional center of industry, commerce, healthcare, and education for the area of west-central Alabama known as West Alabama. Tuscaloosa is also the home of the University of Alabama, Stillman College and Shelton State Community College. While the city attracted international attention when Mercedes-Benz announced it would build its first automotive assembly plant in North America in Tuscaloosa County, the University of Alabama remains the dominant economic and cultural engine in the city.
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Amelia Gayle Gorgas
Amelia Gayle Gorgas (June 1, 1826 - January 3, 1913) was librarian and post-mistress of the University of Alabama for 25 years until her retirement at the age of eighty in 1907. She expanded the library from 6,000 to 20,000 volumes. The primary library at the university is named after her.
Amelia was the daughter of Alabama governor John Gayle, the wife of Pennsylvania-born Confederate general Josiah Gorgas and the mother of Surgeon General William C. Gorgas. She was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1977.
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Anthony Madison
Anthony David Madison (born October 8, 1981 in Thomasville, Alabama) is an American football defensive back for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League. He was signed by the Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Alabama.
Madison has also played for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Cleveland Browns Indianapolis Colts and the Detroit Lions.
Madison went to high school in Thomasville. He played quarterback, wide receiver, running back, defensive back and also returned kicks. He was a two-time all-state pick. His high school career stats include 14 interceptions and over 4,000 yards of offense. He also played basketball and ran track.
Madison played his collegiate football at the University of Alabama. He started in 37 out of the 50 games he played and had 140 tackles, 5 interceptions, and 30 passes defensed. He majored in marketing.
Madison was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2006. He spent the first 4 weeks of the 2006 season on the practice squad before he was added to the active roster to fill a hole in the lineup left by the injury of cornerback Ricardo Colclough. His rookie season stats include 12 tackles (10 solo) in 13 games.
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Antonio Langham
Collie Antonio Langham (born July 31, 1972) is a former American college and professional football player who was a cornerback in the National Football League (NFL) for seven seasons. He played college football for the University of Alabama, and was recognized as an All-American. Selected by the Cleveland Browns in the first round of the 1994 NFL Draft, Langham also played professionally for the Baltimore Ravens, San Francisco 49ers and New England Patriots of the NFL.
Langham was born in Town Creek, Alabama. He graduated from Hazelwood High School in Town Creek.
Langham attended the University of Alabama, where he played for the Alabama Crimson Tide football team as a defensive back from 1991 to 1993. As a junior in 1993, he was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American. Later, however, he caused the Crimson Tide to forfeit most of its 1993 season and suffer NCAA sanctions by secretly signing with an agent during the previous offseason. Langham also signed and submitted an application to enter the 1993 NFL Draft, rendering him ineligible under NCAA rules, regardless of whether he had signed with an agent or not. The Crimson Tide's head coach, Gene Stallings, failed to inform both the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) of Langham's draft application, or to declare Langham ineligible as required by NCAA rules. His ineligibility was revealed in late November 1993, and the University of Alabama eventually had to forfeit eight wins and a tie from the 1993 season.
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (
i/bəˈrɑːk huːˈseɪn oʊˈbɑːmə/; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. In January 2005, Obama was sworn in as a U.S. Senator in the state of Illinois. He would hold this office until November 2008, when he resigned following his victory in the 2008 presidential election.
Born in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is a graduate of Columbia University and Harvard Law School, where he was the president of the Harvard Law Review. He was a community organizer in Chicago before earning his law degree. He worked as a civil rights attorney in Chicago and taught constitutional law at the University of Chicago Law School from 1992 to 2004. He served three terms representing the 13th District in the Illinois Senate from 1997 to 2004.
Following an unsuccessful bid against the Democratic incumbent for a seat in the United States House of Representatives in 2000, Obama ran for the United States Senate in 2004. Several events brought him to national attention during the campaign, including his victory in the March 2004 Illinois Democratic primary for the Senate election and his keynote address at the Democratic National Convention in July 2004. He won election to the U.S. Senate in Illinois in November 2004. His presidential campaign began in February 2007, and after a close campaign in the 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries against Hillary Rodham Clinton, he won his party's nomination. In the 2008 presidential election, he defeated Republican nominee John McCain, and was inaugurated as president on January 20, 2009. Nine months later, Obama was named the 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. In April 2011, he announced that he would be running for re-election in 2012.
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Barry Krauss
Richard Barry Krauss (born March 17, 1957) is a former professional American football player who played linebacker for eleven seasons in the National Football League.
Krauss was born and reared in Pompano Beach, Florida; he was a star football player at Pompano Beach High School from 1972–1975.
Highly recruited out of high school, he played college football at the University of Alabama for the legendary coach Paul "Bear" Bryant, and was a key member of The University of Alabama's 1978 National Championship football team. At the 1979 Sugar Bowl in one of the most famous plays in college football history, Krauss stopped Penn State running back Mike Guman short of the goal line late in the 4th quarter to help the Crimson Tide to the National Championship. Krauss was selected MVP of the game for his efforts.
Krauss was the first round draft choice (6th overall pick) in 1979 for the Baltimore Colts. He played ten years in the NFL with the Colts, and played his final season with the Miami Dolphins. In 11 seasons, he played in 152 games and had 8 sacks and 6 interceptions.
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Bart Starr
Bryan Bartlett "Bart" Starr (born January 9, 1934) is a former professional American football player and coach. Wearing #15, he was the quarterback for the Green Bay Packers from 1956 to 1971, during which time he led the Packers to multiple NFL championships. He was less successful as the Packer's head coach, compiling a record of 52–76–3 from 1975-1983.
He was named the Most Valuable Player of the first two Super Bowls and earned four Pro Bowl selections. He was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame and Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame in 1977. He won the league MVP award in 1966.
Starr has the second-highest playoff passer rating (104.80, behind current Packer Aaron Rodgers' 112.6) of any quarterback in NFL history and a playoff record of 9–1. Starr's career completion percentage of 57.4 was an NFL best when he retired in 1972. Starr also held the Packers' franchise record for games-played (196) for 32 years, through the 2003 season.
Starr played at the University of Alabama from 1952 to 1956 and was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the 17th round of the 1956 draft (199th overall).
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Bear Bryant
Paul William "Bear" Bryant (September 11, 1913 – January 26, 1983) was an American college football player and coach. He was best known as the longtime head coach of the University of Alabama football team. During his 25-year tenure as Alabama's head coach, he amassed six national championships and thirteen conference championships. Upon his retirement in 1982, he held the record for most wins as head coach in collegiate football history with 323 wins, a record broken by John Gagliardi in 1996. Bryant's mark has since also been surpassed by his longtime friend Joe Paterno, by Eddie Robinson, and by Bobby Bowden. At the University of Alabama, the Paul W. Bryant Museum, Paul W. Bryant Hall, Paul W. Bryant Drive and Bryant–Denny Stadium are all named in his honor. He was also known for his trademark black and white houndstooth or gingham hat, deep voice, casually leaning up against the goal post during pre-game warmups, and frequently holding his rolled-up game plan while on the sidelines.
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Bert Bank
Bertram "Bert" Bank (September 1, 1914 – June 22, 2009) was an American politician, war hero and radio pioneer who was best known as the founder of the Alabama Football Radio Network. He was also the founder of two Tuscaloosa, Alabama radio stations (WTBC and WUOA) and wrote the book Back From the Living Dead about his experiences as a POW and Bataan Death March survivor.
Bank was born in Montgomery, Alabama and earned a law degree from the University of Alabama in 1940. After graduating, he received a commission as a second lieutenant through the University's ROTC program and was assigned to the 27th Bomb Group. Bank served in the Pacific Theater during World War II. He was captured in 1942 and held as a POW by Japan while serving in the Philippines, surviving the Bataan Death March in the process. During his time as POW he was held at Camp O'Donnell (Cabanatuan) before being relocated to the island of Mindanao. He was back at Cabanatuan by the time of its liberation by US Rangers near the end of the war.
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Bibb Graves
David Bibb Graves (April 1, 1873–March 14, 1942) was a Democratic politician and the 38th Governor of Alabama 1927-1931 and 1935–1939, the first Alabama governor to serve two four-year terms.
Graves was born in Hope Hull, Alabama, son of David and Mattie Bibb Graves and a descendant of Alabama's first governor William Wyatt Bibb. Graves' father died when he was one year old, and he was reared first by his paternal grandfather on an Alabama farm and then by an uncle in Texas. Bibb attended the University of Alabama, where he was a member of the school's inaugural football team. After graduating with a degree in civil engineering (1893), Graves earned a degree from Yale Law School (1896). Graves was elected to the Alabama legislature and later served as the city attorney in Montgomery.
As adjutant general of the Alabama National Guard, he helped organize the 1st Alabama Cavalry and served on the Mexican border in 1916. In World War I, Graves commanded as a colonel the 117th U.S. Field Artillery in France, and upon his return to Alabama, he helped organize the state section of the American Legion.
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Bill Curry
William Alexander "Bill" Curry (born October 21, 1942) is an American football coach and former player. He is the current head coach at Georgia State University, which began competing in college football in 2010. Curry formerly worked as a football analyst for ESPN.
Previously, Curry served as the head football coach at the Georgia Tech (1980–1986), the University of Alabama (1987–1989), and the University of Kentucky (1990–1996). He played football at Georgia Tech (1962–1964) and then played for ten seasons in the National Football League with four different teams: the Green Bay Packers (1965–1966), the Baltimore Colts (1967–1972), the Houston Oilers (1973), and the Los Angeles Rams (1974).
Curry was born in College Park, Georgia. A 1965 graduate from the Georgia Institute of Technology with a degree in industrial management, Curry starred at center for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team from 1962 to 1964. Curry played professional football in the NFL from 1965 to 1974 with the Green Bay Packers, the Baltimore Colts, the Houston Oilers, and the Los Angeles Rams. He was a Pro Bowl center with the Colts in 1971 and 1972. Curry was the starting center in three Super Bowls, for the Packers in Super Bowl I and for the Colts in Super Bowl III and Super Bowl V.
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Billy Neighbors
William Wesley "Billy" Neighbors (February 4, 1940 – April 30, 2012) was an American football guard who played in the American Football League from (1962–1969). Born in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, he played college football at the University of Alabama where he was an All-American, and was selected in sixth round of the 1962 AFL Draft. Neighbors was also drafted in the fourth round of the 1962 NFL Draft by the Washington Redskins.
Neighbors was selected to the Boston Patriots All-1960s (AFL) Team and was inducted to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2003.
His son, Wes Neighbors, was an Alabama All-SEC center from 1984 to 1986.
Neighbors died of a heart attack in 2012.
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Bob Baumhower
Robert Glenn Baumhower (born August 4, 1955 in Portsmouth, Virginia) is a former American football player who played college football for the University of Alabama and professional football for the Miami Dolphins of the NFL.
Playing as a defensive lineman, Baumhower was a two-time second team All-American in college and was selected five times to the Pro Bowl in the NFL. He was drafted by the Dolphins with the 40th overall pick in the 1977 NFL draft, just behind another defensive lineman from the Southeastern Conference, A.J. Duhe of LSU.
Baumhower and Duhe, who eventually was moved to inside linebacker, formed the heart of the Dolphins' "Killer B's" defense of the late 1970s through mid 1980s, coached by legendary defensive coordinator Bill Arnsparger. Baumhower was flanked on the line by ends Doug Betters and Kim Bokamper, while other stars of the unit included outside linebacker Bob Brudzinski and defensive backs Lyle Blackwood and Glenn Blackwood. The unit was ranked first in the NFL in total defense in 1982, when Miami reached Super Bowl XVII.
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Bobby Williams
Bobby Williams (born November 21, 1958) is the current tight end and special teams coordinator for the University of Alabama Crimson Tide football team. Between 2000–2002, he was the head coach of the Michigan State Spartans football team.
During his time at Purdue University between 1978–1982, Williams was a four-year letterman for the Boilermakers football team and a captain in his senior season. He started for three years in the secondary, after spending his freshman season at running back. He graduated in 1982 with a degree in general management.
After spending one season as a graduate assistant at his alma mater, Williams got his first coaching position as a running back and secondary coach at Ball State, where he remained for two seasons. He spent the next five seasons as an offensive backfield coach at Eastern Michigan.
On December 6, 1999, Williams was named as the head coach of the Michigan State Spartans football team. Williams coached the Spartans to a 37-34 win over Florida in the 2000 Citrus Bowl in his first game as head coach. In his first full season as head coach, the Spartans began their 2000 season 3–0, with wins over Marshall, Missouri, and Notre Dame, before losing four consecutive and finishing the season 5–6. The Spartans did improve in the following season, though were inconsistent, and finished the regular season 6–5, which included a win versus rival Michigan in the infamous "Clockgate". In the 2001 Silicon Valley Classic, Michigan State defeated Fresno State 44–35, finishing the season 7–5 and giving Williams his second bowl victory. With the victory, he became the first coach in Spartans history to win his first two bowl games. Nearing the end of his third season, Michigan State was 3–6 and last place in the Big Ten when the Spartans decided to fire Williams as head coach.
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Brandon Deaderick
Brandon Augustus Deaderick (born August 19, 1987 in Elizabethtown, Kentucky) is an American football defensive end for the New England Patriots of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Patriots in the seventh round of the 2010 NFL Draft. He played college football at Alabama.
Deaderick attended Elizabethtown High School in Elizabethtown, Kentucky. As a junior, he had 95 tackles and 22 sacks, earning all-state honors. As a senior, he missed four games to injury but averaged ten tackles per game and recorded seven sacks on the season.
Following high school, Deaderick attended the University of Alabama, where he redshirted in his first season in 2005. As a freshman in 2006, Deaderick played in seven games, finishing with two tackles. In 2007, Deaderick appeared in all 13 games and made seven starts, recording 22 tackles and two sacks. As a junior in 2008, he started 14 games at defensive end and finished the season with 36 tackles and four sacks.
In the week prior to the 2009 Chick-fil-A College Kickoff, Deaderick was shot in the forearm during a robbery attempt. Not seriously injured in the incident, he would be medically cleared to play later in the week and subsequently play in the 2009 opener. He finished his 2009 senior season with 23 tackles and one sack in ten games played.
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Charlie Peprah
Charles Yaw "Charlie" Peprah (born February 24, 1983) is an American football safety for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League. He was drafted by the New York Giants in the 5th round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at Alabama.
Peprah has also played for the Atlanta Falcons.
Peprah is the grandson of the former military president of Ghana, general Ignatius Kutu Acheampong. Ruling in a coup d’etat in 1972, Acheampong remained in power until 1977 and was executed in 1979 after a revolution. Acheampong's daughter Elizabeth Acheampong, the last family member to see her father alive, married Josh Peprah, a member of Acheampong's army, and immigrated to Europe and then the United States. Peprah was born in Fort Worth, Texas and has two brothers, Richard and Josh, college football players at Wyoming and Wisconsin respectively. When he was in middle school, his parents divorced, and his father returned to Ghana. Charlie Peprah attended Plano East Senior High School. As of 2011, Peprah's mother was still working as a Home Depot cashier.
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Cornelius Bennett
Cornelius O'Landa Bennett (born August 25, 1965) is a former American football linebacker who played for the Buffalo Bills from 1987 to 1995, Atlanta Falcons from 1996 to 1998, and the Indianapolis Colts from 1999 to 2000. Bennett was a five time Pro Bowler, being elected in 1988, and 1990–1993, and won the AFC Defensive Player of the Year award twice (1988 and 1991).
Bennett was born in Birmingham, Alabama. He played halfback and several other positions while attending Ensley High School in Birmingham, Alabama. Bennett was an excellent basketball and baseball player during his high school career. Bennett was an all-state performer his senior year, amassing over 1000 yards while carrying the ball 101 times. Bennett was nicknamed "Biscuit" due to his tan complexion. Although originally intended to be racial slur, Bennett decided to embrace the term and thus became a role model and activist for African Americans everywhere.
Bennett played for the University of Alabama from 1983-1986. Bennett was a first selection on the College Football All-America Team 3 times (1984–1986). He is one of only two Alabama players to be named to three All-America teams, the other being fellow linebacker Woodrow Lowe. As a senior, he won the Lombardi Award, SEC Player of the Year honors, and finished 7th in balloting for the Heisman Trophy. In his 4 seasons there, Bennett recorded 287 tackles, 21½ sacks, and 3 fumble recoveries. His most famous play was in 1986 when he leveled Notre Dame quarterback Steve Beuerlein, immortalized in a painting by artist Daniel Moore titled simply, The Sack.' In 2005, Bennett was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame. After his college career, he was selected by the Colts with the second pick of the 1987 NFL Draft.
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Cornelius Griffin
Cornelius Griffin (pronounced /kɔrˈnɛljəs/; born December 3, 1976) is a former American football defensive tackle. He was drafted by the New York Giants in the second round of the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football at Pearl River Community College and Alabama.
Griffin has also played for the Washington Redskins.
Griffin was born in Troy, Alabama. His father Willie Griffin was a pastor of the Lily White Pentecostal Church in Brundidge, Alabama, and Cornelius was one of Willie and Martha Griffin's seven children. Willie died in a car accident in 1998. Auburn University considered recruiting Griffin but declined due to Griffin's declining grades. Thus, after graduating from Pike County High School in Brundidge, Griffin first played college football as a defensive tackle for Pearl River Community College in Mississippi. Although he committed to Auburn, Griffin decided to sign with the University of Alabama after Auburn coaches wanted him to become a tight end. In the Alabama Crimson Tide, he started 23 of 25 games in its team (including bowls). As a senior in 1999, he was part of the Super Sleeper Team and All-Southeastern Conference first team.
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Courtney Upshaw
Courtney Upshaw (born December 13, 1989) is an American football linebacker for the Baltimore Ravens. Upshaw is considered one of the best pass rushing outside linebackers of his class and was a high second round pick in the 2012 NFL Draft.
Upshaw attended Eufaula High School in Eufaula, Alabama, under head coach Dan Klages. As a senior Upshaw had 95 solo tackles, 65 assists, including 22 for loss and seven sacks to go with three fumble recoveries. He also had 20 receptions for 496 yards and three touchdowns as a tight end. He was ranked as the No. 4 defensive end prospect in the country and the No. 29 player overall on the ESPN.com 150 list.
After playing in all 13 games of his freshman season, Upshaw saw his playing time increase in his second season at Alabama. He made one start and appeared in all 14 games for the Crimson Tide in 2009. Upshaw made the most of his first career start against Kentucky, as he tallied four solo tackles, one sack and returned a fumble 45 yards for a key against the Wildcats. In the 2010 BCS National Championship Game Upshaw recovered a Garrett Gilbert fumble on an Eryk Anders quarterback sack with just 3:08 remaining in the game, that sealed the title for the Crimson Tide.
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DeMeco Ryans
DeMeco Ryans ( /dɨˈmiːkoʊ/; born July 28, 1984) is an American football linebacker for the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Houston Texans in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft after playing college football for the University of Alabama. He earned the AP NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year in 2006 and was selected to two Pro Bowls (2007 and 2009) before being traded to the Eagles in the 2012 offseason.
Ryans was born in Bessemer, Alabama. He attended Jess Lanier High School in Bessemer, where he played high school football. In his senior season, he had 135 tackles, 11 sacks, two forced fumbles and two interceptions.
Considered a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, Ryans was listed as the No. 39 inside linebacker prospect in the nation from the class of 2002. He picked Alabama over Mississippi State.
Ryans attended the University of Alabama, where he played outside linebacker for the Alabama Crimson Tide football team. Ryans started out his career by earning a role on special teams and back up linebacker in his first season. By making great improvements every year in his college career, Ryans went on to become the SEC's Defensive Player of the Year for his performance in 2005. Later on, Ryans attributed much of his college success to his defensive coordinator at Alabama, Joe Kines. He was named the 2006 Cotton Bowl Classic defensive MVP in their 13-10 win over Texas Tech. Ryans also received the 2005 Lott Trophy for his combination of athletic excellence and off-the-field achievements.
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Dennis Franchione
Dennis Wayne Franchione (born March 28, 1951), also known as Coach Fran, is an American football coach. He is currently the head football coach at Texas State University, a position he held from 1990 to 1991, when the school was known as Southwest Texas State University, and resumed in 2011. Franchione has also served as the head football coach at Southwestern College in Winfield, Kansas (1981–1982), Pittsburg State University (1985–1989), the University of New Mexico (1992–1997), Texas Christian University (1998–2000), the University of Alabama (2001–2002), and Texas A&M University (2003–2007). In his 25 seasons as a head coach in college football, Franchione has won eight conference championships and one divisional crown.
Franchione was born in Girard, Kansas. He received his bachelor of arts in 1973 from Pittsburg State University in Pittsburg, Kansas. Franchione and his wife, the former Kim Kraus, began dating after he took her on a tour of his alma mater, Pittsburg State, at the request of her father. They married shortly after, in 1977, while living in Peabody, Kansas. The couple have two daughters, Elizabeth Ann and Ashley Renee. Brad Franchione, his son from a previous marriage, was the head football coach at Blinn College prior to his current position with his father at Texas State. Brad and his wife, Rebecca, have three children.
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Dennis Homan
Dennis Frank Homan (born January 9, 1946 in Muscle Shoals, Alabama) is a former professional American football wide receiver in the National Football League (NFL) for five seasons for the Dallas Cowboys (1968–1970) and the Kansas City Chiefs (1971–1972). He later played for the Birmingham Americans (1974) and Birmingham Vulcans (1975) of the World Football League. As a teenager, he played for the Muscle Shoals High School Trojans. In 2005, the Muscle Shoals City School System honored Dennis Homan by naming the field of James F. Moore Stadium, Dennis Homan Field. Homan played on the school's first football team and is the first Muscle Shoals High School player to be drafted into the NFL.
Prior to joining the NFL, Homan spent his college days at the University of Alabama, where he was named All-American, Academic All-American, and twice all-SEC. Homan was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame as part of the Class of 1999.
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Derrick Lassic
Derrick Owens Lassic (born January 26, 1970) is a former American football running back in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys. He played college football for the University of Alabama. He is most remembered for being the starting running back for the Cowboys for the first two games (both losses) of the 1993 season while Emmitt Smith held out for a contract dispute. He was the 1993 Sugar Bowl MVP after University of Alabama beat University of Miami 34-13. He was selected by the Carolina Panthers in the 1995 NFL Expansion Draft.
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Derrick Thomas
Derrick Vincent Thomas (January 1, 1967 – February 8, 2000), nicknamed D.T., was an American football linebacker and defensive end for the Kansas City Chiefs of the National Football League (NFL). He played his entire 11-year career for the Chiefs after being drafted fourth overall in the 1989 NFL Draft. Thomas, part of the class of 2009 entering the Pro Football Hall of Fame, was a premier football player throughout the 1990s and is considered one of the best pass rushers of all-time. In 1990 against the Seattle Seahawks, he set an NFL record with seven sacks in a single game. On February 8, 2000, Thomas died from a massive blood clot that developed in his paralyzed lower extremities and traveled to his lungs. His paralysis was the result of severe injuries sustained in a car accident weeks earlier.
Born in Miami, Florida, Thomas was raised by his mother. His father, Air Force Captain and B-52 pilot Robert James Thomas, died during a mission in the Vietnam War. Thomas started playing football when he was three years old. He played high school football at South Miami Senior High School.
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Dixie Howell
Millard Fleming "Dixie" Howell (November 24, 1912 – March 2, 1971) was an American football and baseball player and coach. He played college football as a back at the University of Alabama from 1932 to 1934 and with the Washington Redskins of the NFL in 1937. Howell served as the head football coach at Arizona State Teachers College at Tempe, now Arizona State University, from 1938 to 1941 and at the University of Idaho from 1947 to 1950, compiling a career coaching record of 36–35–5 in college football. He also coached at the National University of Mexico in 1935. Howell was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1970. He also played professional baseball, with eight minor league seasons following college.
Born in Hartford, Alabama, Howell played college football as an undersized (160 lb (73 kg)) quadruple-threat back at Alabama from 1932 to 1934. As a senior, the Crimson Tide ran the Notre Dame Box offense, and he was a consensus All-American in 1934, as well as one of the nation's top punters. The 1934 Alabama team had two future legends as ends: Don Hutson and Paul "Bear" Bryant. The Crimson Tide posted a 10–0 record, and defeated previously unbeaten Stanford 29-13 in the Rose Bowl on New Year's Day, 1935. Howell threw two touchdown passes to Hutson and ran for two more; he is a member of the all-time Rose Bowl team.
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Don Hutson
Donald Montgomery Hutson (January 31, 1913 – June 26, 1997) was the first star wide receiver in National Football League history. He is considered by many to have been the first modern receiver.
In his senior season at the University of Alabama in 1934, Hutson was a first team All-American for six different organizations and a second team selection by one other. After his career at Alabama, he joined the Green Bay Packers in 1935 and retired in 1945 after 11 seasons.
Hutson is credited with creating many of the modern pass routes used in the NFL today. He was the dominant receiver of his day and is widely considered to be one of the greatest wide receivers in NFL history, holding almost all important receiving records at the time of his retirement. As of the end of the 2009 NFL season, Hutson still holds the following records: Most seasons leading league in pass receptions (8), Most consecutive seasons leading league in pass receptions (5), Most seasons leading league in pass receiving yards gained (7), Most consecutive seasons leading league in pass receiving yards gained (4), Most seasons leading league in pass receiving touchdowns (9), Most consecutive seasons leading league in pass receiving touchdowns (5), Most seasons leading league in scoring (5), and Most consecutive seasons leading league in scoring (5) (Source: NFL Record and fact book).
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Don Whitmire
Donald Boone Whitmire (July 1, 1922 – May 3, 1991) was an American football tackle between 1941–1944 for the University of Alabama. In 1956, Whitmire was elected into the College Football Hall of Fame.
After his playing career, joined the United States Navy where he reached the rank of rear admiral.
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Dont'a Hightower
Dont'a Hightower (born March 12, 1990) is an American football linebacker for the New England Patriots of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Alabama, was recognized as an All-American, and was a member of two BCS National Championship teams. Hightower was selected by the Patriots in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft, and is considered one of the best inside linebackers of his class.
Hightower was born in Lewisburg, Tennessee. Attending Marshall County High School in Lewisburg, he first drew recognition his sophomore year when the team's starting running back quit the team. In the last four games of the season, he rushed for over 1,000 yards and seven touchdowns. After growing to 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) prior to his junior year, Hightower was moved to linebacker and tight end. He collected 98 tackles, two sacks, and seven forced fumbles, while at TE, he caught 18 passes for 253 yards and four touchdowns.
Having grown to 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m) as a senior, Hightower again switched positions, playing defensive end. After recording 168 tackles (14 for loss), five forced fumbles, five interceptions and four fumble recoveries, he was named 3A Mr. Football Lineman of the Year and The Tennessean′s Defensive Most Valuable Player in 2007. He also added 875 yards and 19 touchdowns on offense.
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Doug Nussmeier
Douglas Keith "Doug" Nussmeier (born December 11, 1970) is a college football coach, currently the offensive coordinator at Alabama under head coach Nick Saban.
Nussmeier was born in Portland, Oregon, and is a 1989 graduate of Lakeridge High School in Lake Oswego, a suburb south of Portland.
Nussmeier played college football at Idaho under John L. Smith, and won the 1993 Walter Payton Award, presented annually to the Division I-AA player of the year. That year, he threw a school-record 33 touchdown passes, leading the Vandals to an 11-3 record and the national semi-finals. During his final two seasons at Idaho (1992–93), the offensive coordinator was Scott Linehan, later an NFL offensive coordinator and head coach. Linehan was the Vandals' starting quarterback for three seasons (1984–86) under head coaches Dennis Erickson and Keith Gilbertson. A four-year starter at quarterback, Nussmeier succeeded John Friesz, another Walter Payton Award winner (1989).
As a senior in 1993, he had a QB rating of 172.2 - completing 185-of-304 throws (.609) for 2,960 yards and a school-record 33 touchdowns. Nussmeier still ranks among the NCAA I-AA all-time leaders in passing (No. 9 with 10,824 career yards) and total offense (No. 10 at 309.1 yards per game). He is one of only three quarterbacks in NCAA history to throw for at least 10,000 yards and rush for 1,000 yards (1,230), joining Alcorn State's Steve McNair (1991–94) and Central Florida's Daunte Culpepper (1996–98). Nussmeier set Vandal career records for passing yards, TD passes (91), passing efficiency (175.2), completion percentage (.609, 746-1,225) and total offense (12,054 yards; 308.4 yards per game).
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Dwight Stephenson
Dwight Eugene Stephenson (born November 20, 1957, in Murfreesboro, North Carolina) is a former American football offensive lineman and a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame's class of 1998. He played for the Miami Dolphins from 1980 until 1987, when his left knee sustained an injury in a play involving New York Jets Marty Lyons and Joe Klecko.
Stephenson was an All-American at the University of Alabama, under coach Bear Bryant. Bryant called Stephenson the best player he ever coached, regardless of position. He was drafted by Don Shula and the Dolphins in the second round of the 1980 draft. The 6'2", 255 pound center would eventually become regarded by many as the best center of all time, but was used on special teams only until late in the 1981 season, when Mark Dennard was injured.
With the exceptionally explosive Stephenson as offensive captain, the Dolphins offensive line gave up the least sacks in the National Football League for a record 6 straight seasons, from 1982–1987, which doubled the length of the previous record. After he left, the Dolphins' line would continue to protect the pocket superbly, extending the record to 9 straight seasons.
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E. B. Beaumont
Eugene Beauharnais Beaumont, Jr., (October 2, 1868 – October 20, 1934) was an American football coach. He served as the head football coach at the University of Alabama program during their inaugural football season in 1892. Beaumont was an alumnus of the University of Pennsylvania. During his one-season tenure, the Alabama Crimson Tide beat Birmingham High School, composed of students from various high schools in the city of Birmingham, split two games with the Birmingham Athletic Club, and lost to Auburn University in February 1893. Beaumont was fired at the end of the season and replaced by Eli Abbott. The University of Alabama's yearbook, the Corolla, said of Beaumont: "We were unfortunate in securing a coach. After keeping him for a short time, we found that his knowledge of the game was very limited. We therefore got rid of him."
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Eli Gold
Eli Gold (born December 1953) is an American sportscaster. Gold is best known as the radio voice for the Alabama Crimson Tide football team, along with Tom Roberts, as part of the Crimson Tide Sports Network since 1988. He has also been the host of NASCAR Live on the Motor Racing Network since 1982. He formerly anchored Arena Football League's coverage on TNN and NBC, and anchors National Football League play-by-play coverage on Sports USA Radio Network.
Gold was born in December 1953 in Brooklyn, New York. He began his broadcasting career in 1972 as a weekend sports reporter for the Mutual Broadcasting System.
His first specialty was announcing ice hockey for the Eastern, North American, Southern, American, Central, and the National Hockey Leagues. In the NHL, Gold announced games for the 1979–80 St. Louis Blues over KDNL-TV and was the radio play-by-play announcer for Nashville Predators during the 2006–07 NHL season.
Gold moved to Birmingham, Alabama to broadcast the Birmingham Bulls hockey team of the World Hockey Association. He created Birmingham's first local sports call-in show, Calling All Sports on WERC which became a staple of Birmingham sports radio for 20 years. He eventually rose to the position of Sports Director for what was then that market's ABC affiliate, WBRC where he anchored evening news sports segments and hosted "Sports Talk with Eli", a weekly call-in show. From 2002 to 2004 he hosted a daily sports talk show also called Calling All Sports on WJOX-AM in Birmingham.
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Fred Sington
Frederic William Sington (February 24, 1910 – August 20, 1998) was an American football player. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1955. He would also play professional baseball as an outfielder with the Brooklyn Dodgers and Washington Senators. In 1930, Rudy Vallée wrote a song about Sington, entitled "Football Freddie", that would go on to become a nationwide hit. He is buried in Birmingham's Elmwood Cemetery. While in college he was a member of the Zeta Beta Tau Fraternity, Psi chapter at the University of Alabama.
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Gene Stallings
Eugene Clifton Stallings, Jr. (born March 2, 1935) is a former American football player and coach. He played college football at Texas A&M University (1954–1956), where he was one of the "Junction Boys", and later served as the head coach at his alma mater from 1965 to 1971. Stallings was also the head coach of the St. Louis/Phoenix Cardinals of the NFL (1986–1989) and at the University of Alabama (1990–1996). Stalling's 1992 Alabama team completed a 13–0 season with a win in the Sugar Bowl over Miami and was named the consensus national champion. Stallings is currently a member of the Board of Regents of the Texas A&M University System. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 2010.
Stalling was born in Paris, Texas. He attended Paris High School, where he played end as a sophomore alongside future NFL star, Raymond Berry. During his senior year, Stallings was the captain of the football, baseball, and golf teams. He was recruited to Texas A&M University to play college football by assistant coach Raymond George.
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George Wallace
George Corley Wallace (August 25, 1919 – September 13, 1998) was an American politician and the 45th governor of Alabama, having served four nonconsecutive terms: 1963–1967, 1971–1979 and 1983–1987. After four runs for U.S. president (three as a Democrat and one on the American Independent Party ticket), he earned the title, "the most influential loser" in 20th-century U.S. politics, according to biographers Dan T. Carter and Stephan Lesher.
A 1972 assassination attempt left Wallace paralyzed, and he used a wheelchair for the remainder of his life. He is remembered for his Southern populist andsegregationist attitudes during the desegregation period, convictions that he renounced later in life. Wallace said that he did not wish to meet his Maker with unforgiven sin.
The first of four children, Wallace was born in Clio in Barbour County in southeastern Alabama, to George Corley Wallace, Sr., and the former Mozell Smith. He was the third of four generations to bear the name "George Wallace," but as neither parent liked the designation "Junior", he was called "George C." to distinguish him from his father, George, and his grandfather, a physician. Wallace's father had left college to pursue a life of farming when prices were high during World War I; Mozell had to sell their farmland to pay existing mortgages when George, Sr., died in 1937. Like his parents, Wallace was a Methodist.
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Gino Torretta
Gino Louis Torretta (born August 10, 1970) is a former American college and professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League (NFL) for five seasons. He played college football for the University of Miami, won the Heisman Trophy in 1992, and was a member of the Miami Hurricanes' national championship teams of 1989 and 1991. A seventh-round pick in the 1993 NFL Draft, he was a member of several NFL teams, but never became a regular starter as a pro. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2010.
Torretta was born in Pinole, California. He graduated from Pinole Valley High School, where he was a standout high school football quarterback for the Pinole Spartans.
Torretta accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Miami, where he played for the Miami Hurricanes football team from 1989 to 1992.
As a quarterback for the Hurricanes, Torretta spent his first two seasons mostly on the bench behind then starting quarterback Craig Erickson, with his only significant playing time coming with three starts in 1989 after Erickson injured his throwing hand. During that span, however, the then-unknown Torretta lit up San Diego State for 485 yards, setting a school record for most passing yards in a game that has not since been broken.
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Greg McElroy
Gregory McElroy, Jr. (born May 10, 1988) is an American football quarterback for the New York Jets of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Jets in the seventh round of the 2011 NFL Draft. He played college football at Alabama.
He was the starting quarterback for the Crimson Tide football team. As a junior, he led the Crimson Tide to an undefeated 14–0 season, which included the 2009 SEC Championship and BCS National Championship. During his high school career, he won several awards including being named an EA Sports All-American and winning a Texas 5A state championship for Southlake Carroll.
McElroy was born in Los Angeles, California to Greg (Senior) and Jami McElroy. In 1998, when he was 10 years old, his father was hired by the Dallas Cowboys to oversee sales and marketing for the franchise, and the family moved to Southlake, Texas. As a former football player at the University of Hawaii, Greg Sr. helped coach his son's Pee Wee football team.
McElroy later attended high school at Carroll Senior High School in Southlake, playing under head coach Todd Dodge. During his sophomore and junior seasons, McElroy played behind Chase Daniel, who later was in contention for the Heisman Trophy while playing for the Missouri Tigers.
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Harold D. Drew
Harold D. "Red" Drew (November 9, 1894 – October 1979) was an American football and basketball coach. He served as the head football coach at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut (1921–1923), Birmingham–Southern College (1924–1927), the University of Chattanooga, now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (1929–1930), the University of Mississippi (1946), and the University of Alabama (1947–1954), compiling a career college football record of 96–68–14. Drew also coached basketball at Trinity (1920–1924), Birmingham–Southern (1924–1928), Chattanooga (1928–1931), tallying a career college basketball mark of 77–86.
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Harold Drew
Harold D. "Red" Drew (November 9, 1894 – October 1979) was an American football and basketball coach. He served as the head football coach at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut (1921–1923), Birmingham–Southern College (1924–1927), the University of Chattanooga, now known as the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga (1929–1930), the University of Mississippi (1946), and the University of Alabama (1947–1954), compiling a career college football record of 96–68–14. Drew also coached basketball at Trinity (1920–1924), Birmingham–Southern (1924–1928), Chattanooga (1928–1931), tallying a career college basketball mark of 77–86.
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Harry Gilmer
Harry Vincent Gilmer, Jr. (born April 14, 1926) is a former American football halfback and quarterback in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and Detroit Lions. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1993.
Gilmer was born in Birmingham, Alabama, where he attended and played high school football at Woodlawn High School. Gilmer often utilized the practice of leaping high into the air to pass the ball because as a child he often played pickup games with teammates who were much older and thus taller than he was. Gilmer was then one of the first players to popularize the "jump pass" when he continued using the technique at the collegiate level.
After high school, Gilmer attended and played college football at the University of Alabama, where he was the left halfback from 1944 to 1947. As a freshman, he was 8 for 8 in passing attempts during a loss against Duke University in the Sugar Bowl. Gilmer's best year was his sophomore season, when he led the nation in touchdown passes, 13, and he ran for nine touchdowns. He had 79 rushing attempts with an average gain of 7.0 yards and a passing percentage of .648 on 88 attempts. His total offense, 1,457 yards, was second in the nation. Gilmer also spent time as a punter and kickoff returner and in his junior year, he returned 37 punts and his average, 14.5 yards, led the nation. During that season, Gilmer led Alabama to the 1946 Rose Bowl, where they beat the University of Southern California, 34-14.
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Jarret Johnson
Jarret Webster Johnson (born August 14, 1981) is an American football linebacker for the San Diego Chargers of the National Football League. He was drafted in the fourth round of the 2003 NFL Draft by the Baltimore Ravens. He played college football for the University of Alabama.
Johnson attended the University of Alabama where he played defensive end for the Crimson Tide. He was the only 2-time captain in Alabama Crimson Tide history. As a senior he was a First-team SEC pick and Second-team All-American, he finished second in University of Alabama history with 23 sacks. His 25 tackles for a loss tied Leroy Cook (1972–75) for second place on the school’s career-record list behind Kindal Moorehead’s record of 34 (1998–2002). He was a public relations major.
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Jay Barker
Jay Barker (born July 20, 1972 in Birmingham, Alabama) is a former professional American football quarterback, and a current Birmingham radio personality.
Barker attended Hewitt-Trussville High School in Trussville, Alabama, where his football career began. He graduated in 1990.
Barker played college football at the University of Alabama, under head coach Gene Stallings. In the final game of the 1992 season, Barker led the Crimson Tide to a National Championship by defeating the #1 Miami Hurricanes 34–13 in the 1993 Sugar Bowl. In the 1994 season, Barker won the Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award and finished 5th in the voting for the Heisman Trophy. Barker led the Crimson Tide to a 35-2-1 record as their starting QB (the official NCAA record book reflects a 27–11 mark due to later forfeiture of games during the 1993 season).
Barker was drafted in the 1995 NFL Draft in the fifth round by the Green Bay Packers. During his NFL career, he also played for the New England Patriots and the Carolina Panthers.
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Jeff Stoutland
Jeff Stoutland is the offensive line coach for the University of Alabama. He served as the interim head football coach for the University of Miami in 2010.
Stoutland was a four-year letterman and three-year starter at inside linebacker for head coach Kevin Gilbride at Southern Connecticut State, where he earned Little All-America honors as a senior while acting as team captain. He graduated in 1984 with a bachelor’s degree in physical education.
Stoutland begin his coaching career at his alma mater, Southern Connecticut State, and coached inside linebackers for two seasons. He then served as a graduate assistant for Dick MacPherson for two years at Syracuse. He then returned to Southern Connecticut where he served as offensive coordinator until 1992. Stoutland then coached the offensive line at Cornell and Syracuse, before moving to Michigan State from 2000 until 2006. During his tenure at Michigan State, Stoutland helped develop six All-Big Ten selections, and led the Big Ten in fewest sacks allowed.
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Jeremiah Castille
Jeremiah Castille (born January 15, 1961 in Columbus, Georgia) is an American professional football player. A 5'10", 175-lb. defensive back from the University of Alabama, Castille was selected by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers in the third round of the 1983 NFL Draft. He played in six seasons in the NFL from 1983–1988 for the Buccaneers and Denver Broncos. Castille's best season as a pro was in 1985, when he recorded 7 interceptions. He finished his career with 14 interceptions, which he returned for 207 yards, and 3 fumble recoveries.
Castille played college football for the Alabama Crimson Tide and was on the last team coached by the legendary Bear Bryant. Castille was a pallbearer at Bryant's funeral on January 28, 1983. Castille played for Alabama from 1979–1982, recording a school record 16 interceptions and making the College Football All-America Team in 1982. In the 1982 Liberty Bowl at the end of the season, Castille intercepted three passes in a 21–15 win and was selected as the game's MVP.[1]
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Jerrell Harris
Jerrell Harris (born July 8, 1989) is an American football linebacker for the Atlanta Falcons. He attended the University of Alabama. Harris was an All-American in high school and is considered one of the better outside linebacker prospects of his class.
Harris attended Gadsden City High School in Alabama, where he was a teammate of fellow Crimson Tide players Kendall Kelly and Dre Kirkpatrick. As a senior he registered 145 tackles (97 solo), 16 tackles for loss, three pass break-ups, 20 quarterback pressures, four caused fumbles, three recovered fumbles. Harris also returned one fumble for a touchdown and scored on an interception return. He amassed 130 tackles, three interceptions and two sacks as a junior.
Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Harris was listed as the No. 3 outside linebacker prospect in the country, behind only Nigel Bradham and Arthur Brown. Harris was also considered to be the best run stopper among all linebackers. He chose Alabama over Auburn, Tennessee and Clemson, among others.
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Joe Kines
Joe Kines (born July 13, 1944) is a former American football player and coach in the United States. He spent most of his coaching career as an assistant in college football ranks, twice serving as an interim head coach: in 1992 at the University of Arkansas after the firing of Jack Crowe and in 2006 at the University of Alabama after the dismissal of Mike Shula.
Kines was born on July 13, 1944 in a train car that was en route from Cedartown, Georgia to Piedmont, Alabama. He holds both bachelor's and masters degree's from Jacksonville State University. Kines is married to the former Rubye Bell and they have one daughter, Susan Kines Langston, who was killed in a car crash on June 28, 2010 and two grandsons.
Kines began his coaching career at his alma mater, where he served as assistant coach and defensive coordinator through the 1976 season. In 1977, he received an offer to coach linebackers at Clemson University, where he coached for the next two seasons. In 1979, Kines became linebackers coach at the University of Florida under Charley Pell. There he spent two years as the linebackers coach, and was promoted to defensive coordinator in 1981. In 1985 and 1986, Kines was the defensive coordinator and inside linebackers coach at the University of Alabama before leaving with Ray Perkins to the NFL’s Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He served as the Buc’s linebacker coach from 1987–1990. Kines returned to college coaching in 1991 as the defensive coordinator at the University of Arkansas and was promoted to head coach of the Razorbacks in 1992 when Jack Crowe was fired following a season-opening loss to The Citadel. He guided the Razorbacks to a 45–7 victory over South Carolina in his first game after taking over for Crowe, and closed the season with a 30–6 rout of arch-rival LSU in the first game between the schools since the Cotton Bowl Classic following the 1965 season.
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Joe Namath
Joseph William "Joe" Namath (/ˈneɪmɨθ/; born May 31, 1943), nicknamed "Broadway Joe" or "Joe Willie", is a former American football quarterback. He played college football for the University of Alabama under coach Paul "Bear" Bryant and his assistant, Howard Schnellenberger, from 1962–1964, and professional football in the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL) during the 1960s and 1970s. Namath was an American Football League icon and played for that league's New York Jets for most of his professional career but finished his career with the NFL's Los Angeles Rams. He was elected to the Hall of Fame in 1985.
Namath retired after playing in 143 career games (including play off games) with 68 wins, 71 losses and 4 ties, in his 132 career starts he was 64-64-4, and he was 4-7 coming off the bench in relief. In his career he threw 173 touchdowns, 220 interceptions, and completed 1,886 passes for 27,663 yards. During his thirteen years in the AFL and NFL he played for three division champions (the 1968 and 1969 AFL East Champion Jets and the 1977 NFC West Champion Rams), earned one league championship (1968 AFL Championship), and one Super Bowl victory (Super Bowl III).
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John Parker Wilson
John Parker Wilson (born October 17, 1985) is an American football quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League. college football at the University of Alabama, he went undrafted during the 2009 NFL Draft, before signing with the Falcons as a free agent.
After leading Hoover High School to high school state titles in 2002 and 2003, Wilson accepted a scholarship offer to play for the Alabama Crimson Tide. At the time, he also had scholarship offers from several Southeastern Conference schools, including Alabama's rival, Tennessee. He saw limited playing time during his freshman year, backing up full-time starter Brodie Croyle. His first career touchdown came against South Carolina, a 36-yard pass to wide receiver Keith Brown, in Alabama's 37–14 rout of the Gamecocks. He would finish the season with only 98 yards and two touchdowns.
In 2006, Wilson started all 12 games for the Crimson Tide. He finished the season with a passing efficiency of 128.92, completing 216–of–379 passes for 2,707 yards, 17 touchdowns and ten interceptions. He threw for over 200 yards in the first seven games of the season, setting a new school record, and finished with a school record nine 200-yard games.
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Johnny Cain
John Lewis "Hurri" Cain (November 17, 1908 – August 18, 1977) was an American football player, coach of football, baseball, and tennis, and college athletics administrator in the United States. He played college football at the University of Alabama, where he was a three-time All-American and a member of the 1930 national championship team that won the Rose Bowl. Cain served as the head football coach at Southwestern Louisiana Institute, now the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, from 1937 to 1941 and in 1946, compiling a record of 33–19–5. He was also the head baseball coach at Southwestern Louisiana from 1942 to 1944. In 1947, Cain moved to the University of Mississippi to serve as backfield coach for the football team under Johnny Vaught. He was also the head tennis coach at Ole Miss from 1957 to 1973. Cain was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in in 1973.
Cain was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa at Alabama.
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Johnny Mack Brown
Johnny Mack Brown (September 1, 1904 – November 14, 1974) was an American college football player and film actor originally billed as John Mack Brown at the height of his screen career.
Born and raised in Dothan, Alabama, Brown was a star of the high school football team, earning a football scholarship to the University of Alabama. Playing the halfback position on his university's Crimson Tide football team, he earned the nickname "The Dothan Antelope" and helped his team to become the 1926 NCAA Division I-A national football champions. In that year's Rose Bowl Game, he earned Most Valuable Player honors after scoring two of his team's three touchdowns in an upset win over the heavily favored Washington Huskies. While at The University of Alabama, Brown became an initiated member of the Kappa Sigma Fraternity.
His good looks and powerful physique saw him portrayed on Wheaties cereal boxes and in 1927, brought an offer for motion picture screen tests that resulted in a long and successful career in Hollywood. He played silent film star Mary Pickford's love interest in her first talkie, Coquette (1929), for which Pickford won an Oscar.
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Johnny Musso
Johnny Musso (born March 6, 1950) is an American former football running back who played for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League in 1975–1977. Previously, he had played for the British Columbia Lions of the Canadian Football League in 1972-1974, where he ran for 1029 yards in 1973 and was a West All-Star, and for the Birmingham Vulcans of the WFL in 1975 (rushing for 681 yards.) He was an All-American running back for the University of Alabama in 1971 and inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame in 1989. Musso was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2000.
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Julia Tutwiler
Julia Strudwick Tutwiler (1841–1916) was an advocate for education and prison reform in Alabama. Graduating in the first class of Vassar College, she served as co-principal of the Livingston Female Academy, and then the first (and only) woman president of Livingston Normal College (now the University of West Alabama). She was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1971.
Tutwiler was born in Tuscaloosa, Alabama to Henry and Julia Ashe Tutwiler. She was educated at Vassar College, New York, starting in 1861, the year that it opened. She furthered her education in Germany, France and at Washington and Lee University.
Tutwiler served with her uncle as co-president of Livingston State Normal School. She was the first (and only) president of the college. After decades of expansion, it became the University of West Alabama. With her support, in 1892 ten Livingston-educated students became the first women admitted to the University of Alabama. She was called the "mother of co-education in Alabama".[citation needed]
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Julio Jones
Quintorris Lopez "Julio" Jones (born February 8, 1989) is an American football wide receiver for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League. He was drafted by the Falcons with the sixth overall pick in the 2011 NFL Draft. He played college football for the Alabama Crimson Tide. During his sophomore season with Alabama in 2009, he helped lead the Tide to an undefeated 14-0 season including a victory in the 2010 BCS National Championship Game.
Jones played his high school career at Foley High School in Foley, Alabama. He completed his senior football season in the fall of 2007. Jones participated in the High School Under Armour All-America Game, where he was recorded at 6 ft 4 in and 218 lbs.
During his high school career, Julio Jones' dominating play and rare physical attributes quickly identified him as a special athlete. At the Baton Rouge Nike camp in May 2007, Jones ran a 4.45 40 yard dash, an event-best 38.6-inch vertical jump and was recorded at 6'4", 215 pounds. He once ran a 4.38, 40 yard dash when clocked at Foley High School.
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Kareem Jackson
Kareem Jackson (born April 10, 1988) is a cornerback for the Houston Texans of the National Football League. He played college football at the University of Alabama, and high school football at Westside High School in Macon.
Jackson played for Westside High School and Fork Union Military Academy as a prep and was ranked No. 15 nationally by Rivals.com. He also played in The Max Emfinger Third Annual High School All-American Bowl Classic in Shreveport, La. in which he had five interceptions.
At Fork Union Military Academy, Jackson converted from runningback to cornerback.
As a senior at Westside High School, he mainly played running back and rushed for over 1000 yards. He also added 16 tackles with three interceptions on defense. Jackson enrolled at UA in January 2007 and participated in fall drills.
As a true freshman, Jackson started in 12 of 13 games for the Crimson Tide. He ranked second on the team with three interceptions on the season and was fourth with four pass breakups. Jackson recorded 66 tackles on the season, good for fifth-best on the team. He subsequently received Freshman All-American honors.
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Keith Jackson
Keith Jackson (born October 18, 1928) is an American former sportscaster, known for his long career with ABC Sports (1966–2006), his coverage of college football (1952–2006), his style of folksy, down-to-earth commentary, and his distinctive voice, with its deep cadence, and operatic tone considered "like Edward R. Murrow reporting on World War II, the voice of ultimate authority in college football."
Keith Jackson was born on October 18, 1928 and grew up on a farm outside Carrollton, Georgia, near the Georgia-Alabama state line. The only surviving child in a poor family, he grew up listening to sports on the radio. After enlisting and serving in the U.S. Marine Corps, he attended Washington State University under the G.I. Bill. Jackson began as a political science major, but he became interested in broadcasting. He graduated in 1954 with a degree in Speech Communications.
Though best known for his college football broadcasts, Jackson announced numerous other sports for ABC throughout his career, including Major League Baseball, NBA basketball, boxing, auto racing, PGA Tour golf, the USFL, and the Olympic Games. He briefly worked college basketball with Dick Vitale. Jackson also served as the pregame/halftime/postgame anchor for ABC's coverage of Super Bowl XXII in 1988. During his onair tenure he is credited with nicknaming the Rose Bowl as "The Grandaddy of them All" and Michigan Stadium as "The Big House".
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Ken Stabler
Kenneth "Kenny" "Ken" Michael Stabler (born December 25, 1945 in Foley, Alabama), (a.k.a. "The Snake") is a former American football quarterback in the NFL for the Oakland Raiders (1970–1979), the Houston Oilers (1980–1981), and the New Orleans Saints (1982–1984). He played college football for the University of Alabama.
Stabler became a highly touted football player at Foley High School. He led Foley to a won-loss record of 29–1 over his high school career—the only loss coming against rival Fairhope High School. He was an all-around athlete in high school, averaging 29 points a game in basketball and excelling enough as a left-handed pitcher in baseball to receive minor-league contract offers from the Houston Astros and New York Yankees. During his high school career, he earned his nickname "the Snake" from his coach following a long, winding touchdown run.
Stabler was recruited by legendary head coach Paul "Bear" Bryant at the University of Alabama, joining the team in 1964. Due to NCAA regulations at the time, freshmen were ineligible to play; therefore, Stabler would sit out during the 1964 season. In that season, the Crimson Tide won the National Championship with quarterback Joe Namath.
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Kirby Smart
Kirby Smart (born December 23, 1975) is the defensive coordinator for the University of Alabama.
The son of a coach himself, Smart started his football career playing High School ball with the Bainbridge High School (Georgia) Bearcats. He then moved on to play defensive back for the University of Georgia Bulldogs, where he was a teammate of All-Pro cornerback Champ Bailey. As a senior, he was a first-team All-SEC pick. He finished his career with 13 interceptions, which is currently fourth on the all-time Georgia ranks. He was also a four-time member of the SEC Academic Honor Roll.
Smart began his coaching career with the University of Georgia in 1999, serving one season as an administrative assistant. He then moved to Valdosta State where he spent two seasons as defensive backs coach then being promoted to defensive coordinator in the 2001 season. Between the 2002–2003 football season, Smart was a graduate assistant under Bobby Bowden at Florida State. Smart spent one season in 2004 under LSU head coach Nick Saban. Smart then moved back to the Georgia Bulldogs football program as he served as the team's running backs coach for the 2005 season. His only season in the NFL occurred in 2006 in which he served under Nick Saban again, this time as Miami's safeties coach.
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Knute Rockne
Knute Kenneth Rockne ( /kəˈnuːt/ kə-NOOT; March 4, 1888 – March 31, 1931) was an American football player and coach, both at the University of Notre Dame. He is regarded as one of the greatest coaches in college football history. His biography at the College Football Hall of Fame calls him "without question, American football's most-renowned coach." A Norwegian American, he was educated as a chemist at the University of Notre Dame. He popularized the forward pass and made Notre Dame a major factor in collegiate football.
Knute Rockne was born Knut Larsen Rokne in Voss, Norway to the smith and wagonmaker Lars Knutson Rokne (1858–1912) and his wife Martha Pedersdatter Gjermo (1859–1944). He emigrated with his parents at five years old to Chicago. He grew up in the Logan Square area of Chicago, on the northwest side of the city. Rockne learned to play football in his neighborhood and later played end in a local group called the Logan Square Tigers. He attended North West Division High School in Chicago playing football and also running track.
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Le'Ron McClain
Le'Ron McClain (born December 27, 1984) is an American football fullback for the San Diego Chargers the National Football League. He was drafted by the Baltimore Ravens in the fourth round of the 2007 NFL Draft. He played college football at Alabama.
He played high school football at Tuscaloosa County High School.
McClain played fullback for the University of Alabama during the 2003-2006 college seasons.
McClain was considered as one of the best fullbacks available in the 2007 NFL Draft, and drew comparisons to William Henderson. He was drafted with the 137th pick during the 4th round by the Baltimore Ravens.
McClain signed with the Ravens on July 27, 2007. He scored his first career touchdown on a Kyle Boller pass against the San Diego Chargers on November 25, 2007. He finished his rookie season with eight carries for 18 yards, nine receptions for 55 yards, and 1 touchdown.
On December 20, 2008, McClain ran for 82 yards to score the final touchdown in Texas Stadium against the Dallas Cowboys. Along with teammate Willis McGahee's 77-yard touchdown run on the previous Ravens drive, he and McGahee became the first players ever to run two 70+ touchdown runs on back-to-back drives. The run was also the longest run by an opponent in Texas Stadium. In addition, McClain had 139 rushing yards on the day.
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Lee Roy Jordan
Lee Roy Jordan (born April 27, 1941) is a retired American football linebacker. After attending the University of Alabama, playing under head coach Paul "Bear" Bryant, he spent 14 years in the National Football League playing for the Dallas Cowboys between 1963–1976. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1983.
Between 1960–1962, Jordan was a standout for the Alabama Crimson Tide football team under legendary head coach Paul "Bear" Bryant. He played as both a linebacker and center for the team. In his sophomore season of 1960, he helped the Crimson Tide finish with an 8–2–1 record. In the Bluebonnet Bowl, versus the Texas Longhorns, he was named the game's MVP in a 3–3 tie.
The following year, Jordan was again an important part of the team as Alabama finished with an 11–0 record, a SEC Championship, and a National Championship. The season included six shutouts, which included a 34–0 blowout of rival Auburn. Alabama wrapped up the season with a 10–3 victory over Arkansas in the Sugar Bowl.
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Mal Moore
Mal M. Moore (born December 19, 1939) is the current Director of Athletics for the University of Alabama. On November 23, 1999, he was hired to his current position after spending almost thirty years in other areas with the university. During his time at the university, Moore has been involved with eleven national championship teams.
One of seven children, Moore was born into a farm family in Dozier, Alabama. As a scholarship player from 1958–1962, Moore played as a career backup quarterback for legendary coach Bear Bryant. During his college career at Alabama, Moore earned his bachelor's degree in sociology in 1963 and his master's degree in secondary education in 1964.
Moore began his coaching career as a secondary coach, and then moved to coach quarterbacks in 1970. He remained on Alabama's staff until Bryant retired in 1982. He then joined Gerry Faust's staff at Notre Dame as an assistant coach. Moore returned to the University of Alabama in 1990 as quarterbacks coach under Gene Stallings.
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Marcell Dareus
Marcell Dareus (born November 18, 1989) is an American football defensive tackle for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League. He played college football at the University of Alabama, playing defensive end in the Crimson Tide's 3-4 defense. He led the Southeastern Conference in quarterback sacks in the 2009 season, and was also named Defensive MVP of the 2010 BCS National Championship Game.
Dareus attended Huffman High School in Birmingham, Alabama, where an ASWA All-State honorable mention defensive lineman. He totaled 117 tackles and 20 sacks as a senior, and also returned a fumble for a touchdown. He was teammates with Andre Smith. Dareus was listed on the Atlanta Journal-Constitution's Super Southern 100, as well as the Mobile Press-Register Elite 18.
Considered a three-star recruit by Rivals.com, Dareus was listed as the #28 defensive tackle prospect in the class of 2008. He was also ranked the No. 17 overall player on the Alabama Top 35 list. Dareus chose Alabama over scholarship offers from Auburn, Tennessee, North Carolina, among others.
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Mark Barron
Mark Barron (born October 27, 1989) is an American football safety for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Alabama, was twice recognized as an All-American, and was a member of two BCS National Championship teams. He was drafted by the Buccaneers in the first round of the 2012 NFL Draft with the 7th overall pick.
Barron was born in Mobile, Alabama. He attended St. Paul's Episcopal School in Mobile, where he played for the Episcopal Saints high school football team. He played multiple positions, including running back, wide receiver, and linebacker from 2004 through 2007. As a junior, Barron had 785 yards rushing as a junior on 78 carries and added 368 receiving yards on 23 catches, scoring a total of 12 touchdowns. As a senior, Barron was the MVP of the 2007 Class 5A state championship game after rushing for 1,094 yards on 122 carries with 15 touchdowns in his senior season. He was also named first-team Alabama Sports Writers Association All-State selection in Class 5A as a senior.
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Marquis Maze
Tyran Marquis Maze (born March 2, 1989) is an American football wide receiver for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League. He played for The University of Alabama from 2008 to 2011 and had over 1,000 receiving yards in the 2009 and 2010 seasons. In 2011, he became the lead receiver, punt returner, and kickoff returner for Alabama.
Maze was born in Birmingham, Alabama in 1988 and attended Tarrant High School in nearby Tarrant, Alabama. He played high school football at multiple positions, including tailback, quarterback, wide receiver, defensive back and punt and kickoff returner. During the 2005 and 2006 seasons, Maze had almost 3,000 all-purpose yards and more than 30 touchdowns.
Maze was recruited by many of the country's top football programs, including the University of Alabama, University of Michigan, and University of Tennessee. After initially committing to Michigan, Maze signed a letter of intent with Alabama in February 2007.
After redshirting in 2007, Marquis played in all 14 games in 2008 and for the season had 11 receptions for 137 yards and 2 touchdowns.
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Marty Lyons
Martin Anthony Lyons (born January 15, 1957) is a former American college and professional football player who was a defensive tackle in the National Football League for eleven seasons during the 1970s and 1980s. Lyons played college football for the University of Alabama, and earned All-American honors. Selected in the first round of the 1979 NFL Draft, he played his entire professional career for the NFL's New York Jets. He was a member of the Jets' famed "New York Sack Exchange," the team's dominant front four in 1981 and 1982 that also featured Mark Gastineau, Abdul Salaam and Joe Klecko.
Lyons grew up in Pinellas Park, Florida and attended St. Petersburg Catholic High School.
Lyons attended the University of Alabama, where he played for coach Bear Bryant's Alabama Crimson Tide football team from 1975 to 1978. At Alabama, he had 202 tackles, 6 fumbles forced and 4 recovered. As a senior in 1978, he was recognized as a consensus first-team All-American, and helped lead the Crimson Tide to a National Championship in 1978. He was a key player in the set of fourth quarter plays known as "The Goal Line Stand" in the 1979 Sugar Bowl. It was Lyons that delivered what would become a famous line amongst Alabama fans just before the fourth-down play of the sequence. When asked by Penn State quarterback Chuck Fusina how far the ball was from the goal line, Lyons replied, "'Bout a foot. You better pass." Alabama was 31-5 during his years as a player.
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Mike DuBose
Mike DuBose (born January 5, 1953) is a former University of Alabama football player and the current defensive line coach for the Memphis Tigers. DuBose came to Memphis from Millsaps College, where he was the Majors' head coach from 2006 to 2009. He resurrected the school's struggling football program by winning outright or sharing a conference title in each of his four seasons there. DuBose is most recognizable from his four year stint as the head football coach at his alma mater, the University of Alabama, where he led the Crimson Tide to an SEC championship in 1999.
Prior to coaching, DuBose played for Alabama under legendary coach Paul "Bear" Bryant, where he was a teammate of other noted players such as John and Charley Hannah and Sylvester Croom and was a part of the Crimson Tide's 1973 national championship team.
DuBose was born in Opp, Alabama. He earned four varsity letters as an athlete at Opp High School, before going to the University of Alabama Crimson Tide where he played on the defensive line under head coach Bear Bryant from 1972 to 1974. The highlight of DuBose's career was a performance against the Tennessee Volunteers in which he caused a fumble and had twenty tackles and was named SEC Defensive Lineman of the Week. His career totals included 129 total tackles, eight forced fumbles, and six fumble recoveries.
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Mike Groh
Mike Groh (born December 19, 1971, in Charlottesville, Virginia) is an American college football coach and former player, currently the wide receivers coach at the University of Alabama. He is a former starting quarterback for the University of Virginia Cavaliers.
Groh attended Randolph High School in Randolph, NJ, where he was part of the state championship team in 1990. Of note, his last game as a senior is often called the "Miracle at Montclair" or "The Greatest High School Game Ever Played" in New Jersey, a 22-21 victory in dramatic fashion over Montclair High School. The game was the 49th consecutive win for the program, a state record at the time. Groh was the quarterback and kicker on the team, and kicked the game-winning field goal as the clock expired.
Groh enrolled at the University of Virginia in the fall of 1991 and was redshirted as a true freshman. He served as a backup quarterback during his redshirt freshman season in 1992 and replaced struggling starter Bobby Goodman in a late season game against N.C. State. However, in the 1993 season, Groh lost the quarterback competition to fellow redshirt sophomore Symmion Willis and again served as a backup. In the first game of the 1994 season against Clemson, Groh alternated with Willis when the offense struggled during a 6-3 win. Groh and Willis continued to alternate at quarterback for the next few games until Groh emerged as the starting quarterback. The Cavaliers finished 9-3 for the 1994 season with a win over Texas Christian University in the Independence Bowl. Groh led the Cavaliers to a 9-4 record in the 1995 season highlighted by a 33-28 win over Florida State and a win over Georgia in the Peach Bowl. His father is Al Groh the former head coach of football at Virginia.
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Mike Price
Mike Price (born April 6, 1946) is a college football coach, currently the head coach at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP). He was previously the head coach at Weber State College (1981–1988), Washington State University (1989–2002), and the University of Alabama, the last from which he was fired before coaching a game in 2003. The 2012 season will be Price's ninth at UTEP, and is the final year of his current contract.
Born in Colorado, Price grew up in Everett, Washington, twenty five miles (40 km) north of Seattle. He was the son of Walt Price, the longtime head football coach at Everett Junior College. At Everett High School, Price was a teammate of Dennis Erickson, the son of Pinky Erickson, the head coach at cross-town rival Cascade High. Everett High was coached by Bill Dunn, a next-door neighbor of the Ericksons. Dennis Erickson was a year behind Price, but took his job as starting quarterback mid-way through Price's senior year, and Price was moved to defense as a safety. The team finished 9–1. Price went on to play at Everett Junior College, Washington State, and finally at Puget Sound, where he co-captained the football team and was a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity.
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Mike Shula
Mike Shula (born June 3, 1965) is an American football quarterback coach for the Carolina Panthers, an NFL team. Between 2003 and 2006, he was the head coach of the Alabama Crimson Tide football program.
Mike Shula was born in Baltimore, Maryland on June 3, 1965. He is the son of Don Shula, the NFL's all-time winningest coach. Shula attended high school at Christopher Columbus High School, in Miami, Florida, where he won all-state honors and led his team to the state championship game. He enrolled at the University of Alabama, where he started at quarterback for three seasons and graduated with a degree in labor relations in 1987.
Mike Shula's football career started with the Crimson Tide, where he was the starting quarterback from 1984–86. The team's record during these three seasons was 24–11–1, with wins in the Aloha Bowl and the Sun Bowl, plus key victories over USC, Ohio State and Notre Dame. Despite a lack of overwhelming athletic ability or a particularly strong arm, Shula was known for his gutsy performances in big games. He engineered last minute comebacks against Georgia and rivals Auburn, in the 1985 Iron Bowl. After graduating from Alabama, Shula was selected in the twelfth round, 313th overall pick, of the 1987 NFL Draft by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, but he saw little playing time in 1987, his only season in the NFL.
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Mitch Gaspard
Mitch Gaspard is the head coach of the Alabama Crimson Tide baseball team. The 2010 season was Gaspard's first season as the head coach of the Crimson Tide. He has been on the Alabama coaching staff for ten years, and was given the head coaching position when Jim Wells retired. Gaspard agreed to a 3-year contract on September 1, 2009, starting in 2010.
An all-state shortstop at Jefferson High School in Port Arthur, Texas, Gaspard led his team to the Texas state title as a senior and then became the starting second baseman in 1985 for the first Skip Bertman-coached LSU team to advance to NCAA Regional play. He played his final two collegiate seasons as a starter at second for the University of Houston, where he became an assistant coach in 1988.
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Ozzie Newsome
Ozzie Newsome Jr. (born March 16, 1956 in Muscle Shoals, Alabama) is a former American football tight end for the Cleveland Browns, an inductee into the Pro Football Hall of Fame, and the current General Manager of the Baltimore Ravens.
Before his NFL career, Newsome played for the University of Alabama, where he started for all 4 years of his college career. Newsome made the College Football All-America Team in 1977 and assisted the Crimson Tide to a 42 and 6 overall record during his four seasons. In total, Newsome amassed 102 receptions for 2,070 receiving yards. His 20.3 average yards per catch was a Southeast Conference record. Newsome was named the Player of the Decade for the 1970s [1]. In 1994, Newsome was enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame.
Nicknamed "The Wizard of Oz" at The University of Alabama, Newsome was the 23rd pick in the 1978 NFL Draft for the Cleveland Browns. He was named the Browns' Offensive Player of the Year his rookie year, the first time in 25 years that a rookie had received that honor. Ozzie earned All-Pro honors the following year, 1979, and again in 1984. Newsome went to the Pro Bowl in 1981, 1984 and 1985. In 1986, Newsome won the Ed Block Courage Award for playing with injuries, while in 1990 Newsome won the "Whizzer" White NFL Man of the Year Award for his community service.
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Pat Trammell
Patrick Lee Trammell (July 11, 1940 – December 10, 1968) was an All-American quarterback for the University of Alabama from 1958 until 1961. In his senior year, he led the Crimson Tide to a perfect season of 11-0-0 and Alabama subsequently won the NCAA National Championship for 1961. On December 10, 1968, he died from metastatic testicular cancer at age 28, shortly after earning his M.D. degree.
Pat Trammell was born in Scottsboro, Alabama as the middle son of a prominent local physician, Dr. Edward Lee Trammell. He quickly excelled both in academics and athletics. He was the starting quarterback in Varsity Football at Scottsboro High School where he earned All-County, All-State, All-Southern and All-American honors during his four year prep career. He was also named most valuable basketball player in state of Alabama as a high school senior.[1]
His football career at Alabama began just prior to Paul "Bear" Bryant's announcement that he planned to return to his alma mater to take over as head coach of the ailing football program. Trammell's family recalls a personal visit at the time and an embellished 'pep talk' from Coach Bryant saying that, "if you'll commit to Alabama, then I'll come back to Alabama." Trammell had actually planned to attend Georgia Tech, after being heavily recruited by head coach Bobby Dodd but at this point, made a career altering decision that would change the rest of his life.
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Phillip Fulmer
Phillip Fulmer (born September 1, 1950) is a TV college football analyst and the former head coach of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, who compiled a 152–52 record from 1992–2008 as head coach, but was fired during a 5–7 season in 2008. He is best known for coaching the Volunteers in the first ever BCS National Championship Game in 1998, defeating Florida State University. Fulmer was the Volunteers' 20th head football coach.
At the end of his tenure at Tennessee, Fulmer had the second-highest number of wins of any head coach in Tennessee history, just 21 behind legendary coach Robert Neyland. Fulmer also was only the third coach in Tennessee history to win a claimed national championship. His 1997-1998 teams remain (as of 2011) to be the last teams to win consecutive SEC championships. Despite a decline in the later years of his career, he was considered by many to be an icon of college football, especially one of institutional loyalty.. In recognition of his accomplishments at Tennessee, Phillip Fulmer was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame.
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Pooley Hubert
Allison T. "Pooley" Hubert (April 6, 1901 – February 26, 1978) was an All American American football player who played at the University of Alabama from 1922 to 1925. He later became the head football and basketball coach at Southern Mississippi University and the Virginia Military Institute. He was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 1964.
Pooley dropped out of high school to fight in World War I. He earned a scholarship to play football at Princeton University but arrived too late for the entrance exams. He tried a few other schools before ultimately enrolling at the University of Alabama as a 20-year-old freshman. By the time he was a 24-year-old senior, his teammates had begun calling him "Papa Pooley" because he was so much older than them.
Pooley initially played tackle in college, but was eventually put in the backfield where he excelled at fullback and quarterback . He has been called the "greatest defensive back of all time." The climax of his college career was the final game in which he played a key role helping the Alabama win the 1925 national championship by defeating the Washington, 20–19, in the 1926 Rose Bowl.
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Ramzee Robinson
Ramzee Robinson (born February 20, 1984) is an American football cornerback who is currently plays for the Denver Broncos. He was drafted by the Detroit Lions with the last pick in the 2007 NFL Draft, earning the title of Mr. Irrelevant. He played college football at Alabama.
Robinson has also been a member of the Philadelphia Eagles.
Robinson attended S. R. Butler High School where he played football.
After redshirting in 2002, Robinson played four seasons with the Alabama Crimson Tide, making 50 appearances, including 36 starts. He recorded 143 tackles, including 3.5 tackles for a loss. Robinson broke up 22 pass attempts, forced 2 fumbles, and made 4 interceptions, including one for a touchdown in the 2006 season. He wore jersey number 1 and graduated in 2007 with a degree in business management.
Robinson was drafted by the Detroit Lions with the last pick of the 2007 NFL Draft (255th overall), earning him the title of Mr. Irrelevant. On June 29, 2007, Robinson signed a three-year contract with the Lions. However, on September 1, 2007, he was cut by the Lions and assigned to the practice squad where he wore jersey #38. He was promoted to the active roster due to injuries to other players at his position for the Lions' week 7 game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers where he notched two tackles on special teams. However, the next week the Lions signed another cornerback and Robinson was again demoted to the practice squad. Robinson was again activated to the 53-man roster and given a jersey for the team's week 13 game on December 2.
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Robert Neyland
Robert Reese Neyland (pronounced KNEE-land),MBE (February 17, 1892 – March 28, 1962) was an American football player and coach and officer in the United States Army, reaching the rank of brigadier general. He served three stints as the head football coach as the University of Tennessee (1926–1934, 1936–1940, 1946–1952). He is one of two college football coaches to have won national titles in two non-consecutive tenure at the same school, along with Frank Leahy. Neyland holds the record for most wins in Tennessee Volunteers history with 173 wins in 216 games, six undefeated seasons, nine undefeated regular seasons, seven conference championships, and four national championships. At Tennessee, he reeled off undefeated streaks of 33, 28, 23, 19, and 14 games.
Neyland is often referred to as one of the best, if not the best, defensive football coaches ever. Sports Illustrated named Neyland as the defensive coordinator of its all-century college football team in its "Best of the 20th Century" edition. 112 of his victories came via shutout. In 1938 and 1939, Neyland's Vols set NCAA records when they shut out 17 straight opponents for 71 consecutive shutout quarters. His '39 squad is the last NCAA team in history to hold every regular season opponent scoreless.
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Roman Harper
Roman Harper (born December 11, 1982 in Prattville, Alabama) is an American football safety with the New Orleans Saints of the NFL. He was drafted in the second round of the 2006 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Alabama. After he was drafted, Harper earned the starting strong safety job and held it until week 5 of his rookie season when he suffered a season-ending knee injury. Harper was able to come back strong after his injury-riddled rookie season and has not missed a game since. In 2009, Harper earned his first Pro Bowl berth and helped lead the New Orleans Saints to the Super Bowl XLIV in Miami, FL.
Harper went to high school in Prattville, Alabama where he was a quarterback, safety, and returner for Prattville High School. He led the Lions to a 9-2 record his senior season. One of those losses came from rival Sidney Lanier High School in the regional championship game. Harper was a first Team All State performer and was also selected to the Alabama-Mississippi All Star Game.
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Shaun Alexander
Shaun Edward Alexander (born August 30, 1977) is a former American football running back who played for the Seattle Seahawks and the Washington Redskins. He was drafted by the Seahawks 19th overall in the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Alabama.
Alexander was born and raised in Florence, Kentucky. His father, Curtis Alexander Jr., works for Morton Salt and his mother Carol works in the truancy department of the Boone County School District. He has an older brother Durran, and four older half-sisters and three older half-brothers. His parents divorced when he was 11, and he and Durran were raised by their mother in a two-bedroom apartment in a government housing project.
He attended Florence Elementary School. In 1991, he entered Boone County High School. As a freshman, he played football for the junior varsity team and was voted Class President—as he was every year in high school. As well as football, Alexander excelled in basketball and baseball.
In his sophomore season, he made the varsity team as the second-string running back. By mid-season, he was the team's featured running back as he rushed for 1,095 yards and fourteen touchdowns. During his junior season in 1994, Alexander ran for 2,396 yards and 42 touchdowns as Boone County made it to the state semifinals. In a game versus Campbell County, Alexander rushed for seven touchdowns. He was listed in "Faces in the Crowd" section of Sports Illustrated in January 1994.
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Steve Sloan
Stephen Charles Sloan (born August 19, 1944) is a former American football player, coach, and college athletics administrator. He played college football as a quarterback at the University of Alabama from 1962 to 1965 and then played for two seasons in the National Football League with the Atlanta Falcons (1966–1967). Sloan served as the head football coach at Vanderbilt University (1973–1974), Texas Tech University (1975–1977), the University of Mississippi (1978–1982), and Duke University (1983–1986), compiling a career record of 68–86–3. He also served as the athletic director at the University of Alabama, the University of North Texas, University of Central Florida, and the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga before his retirement in 2006. In 2000, Sloan was inducted into the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame.
Sloan played college football at the University of Alabama under legendary coach Paul "Bear" Bryant between 1962–1965. He arrived in Tuscaloosa in 1962, though was not eligible to play with the varsity team due to NCAA rules at the time. In his sophomore season, Sloan was a backup to quarterback Joe Namath, but played in most games at defensive back or quarterback. The 1963 Crimson Tide went 9–2 with a 12–7 victory over Ole Miss in the Sugar Bowl.
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Sylvester Croom
Sylvester Croom, Jr. (born September 25, 1954) is an American football coach. He is currently the running backs coach for the NFL's Jacksonville Jaguars He was the head coach at Mississippi State University from 2004 to 2008, and the first African American head football coach in the Southeastern Conference. His father, Sylvester Croom, Sr., was himself an All-American football player at Alabama A&M, later the team chaplain at the University of Alabama, and has been recognized by that school as one of the state's 40 pioneers of civil rights. Croom, Jr. was the running backs coach of the St. Louis Rams of the National Football League from 2009 to 2011.
Croom, a native of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, starred at Tuscaloosa High School as a linebacker and tight end. He then played those same positions before settling in at center for Paul "Bear" Bryant at the University of Alabama, where in 1974 he was a senior captain, earned the Jacobs Blocking Trophy, and like his father years earlier earned Kodak All-American honors. During his playing career there, Alabama garnered three SEC championships from 1972 to 1974 and a national title in 1973.
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Toby Gerhart
Toby Gerhart (born March 28, 1987) is an American football running back for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for Stanford University, and was a consensus All-American. He was selected in the second round of the 2010 NFL Draft, the 51st overall pick. In 2009 Gerhart won the Doak Walker Award and was the runner-up for the 2009 Heisman Trophy. He received 1,276 points in the Heisman voting, coming in second to Mark Ingram, Jr., who received 1,304 points; the 28-point margin was the closest vote in Heisman history. Gerhart had a breakout senior season in 2009, leading all running backs in the nation in rushing yards, touchdowns, and points scored, and setting several Pac 10 and school records. He holds the Stanford records for most rushing yards in a season (1,871), most touchdowns in a season (28), and most touchdowns in a career (44).
Gerhart was born in Norco, California. He had a record-breaking career at running back for Norco High School. He set a California state record for rushing yards with 9,662 yards in his career. As of December 2009, Gerhart holds the third highest career total of running yards in national high school football history. He led Norco High School to the CIF Division 5 Southern Section football championship on December 9, 2005. Gerhart was named the Gatorade High School Player of the Year for the state of California and was named California's Mr. Football by Cal-Hi Sports. Gerhart also played baseball and graduated as a valedictorian of his high school class.
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Trent Richardson
Trent Richardson (born July 10, 1991) is an American football running back for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the University of Alabama, was recognized as an All-American, and was a member of two BCS National Championship teams. The Cleveland Browns traded up one spot to select him with the third overall pick of the 2012 NFL Draft. He has been dubbed perhaps the best running back out of the college ranks since Adrian Peterson.
Richardson was born in Pensacola, Florida. He attended Escambia High School in Pensacola, where he finished his senior season with 2,090 yards on 228 carries scoring 25 touchdowns. In a game against Milton High School in September 2008, Richardson rushed for 419 yards on 29 carries and scored six touchdowns, a performance that earned him a selection as the first ESPN RISE National Football Player of the Week.
As a junior, Richardson also reached the 400-yard plateau, as he ran for 407 yards in his opening game against Tate High School. He finished his junior season (8 games) with 1,390 yards and 13 touchdowns, and received FSWA All-State 5A second team honors. He sat out his sophomore year due to an injury.
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Vaughn Mancha
Vaughn Mancha (October 7, 1921 – January 27, 2011) was a professional American football player who played professionally for the Boston Yanks. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame in 1990. He was named to the All-SEC team during his career at the University of Alabama, where he played from 1944 through 1947. Earned all-SEC & All American honors as a four year starter at University of Alabama; played in Rose Bowl and two Sugar Bowls; voted All-Time Sugar Bowl team. Coached football at Livingston State University, Columbia University, and Florida State University and served as FSU Athletic Director.
Other honors include induction into the Florida State Sports Hall of Fame, the Tallahassee Sports Hall of Fame, and was selected to Alabama's All-Century Team. He was married to Sybil Mancha. They have three children and four grandchildren.
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Wallace Wade
William Wallace Wade (June 15, 1892 – October 7, 1986) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball and baseball. He served as the head football coach at the University of Alabama from 1923 to 1930 and at Duke University from 1931 to 1941 and again from 1946 to 1950, compiling a career college football record of 171–49–10. His tenure at Duke was interrupted by military service during World War II. Wade's Alabama Crimson Tide football teams of 1925, 1926 and 1930 have been recognized as national champions. Wade won a total of ten Southern Conference football titles, four with Alabama and six with the Duke Blue Devils. He coached in five Rose Bowls including the 1942 game, which was relocated from Pasadena, California to Durham, North Carolina after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Wade served as the head basketball and baseball coach at Vanderbilt University for two seasons (1921–1923), tallying a mark of 24–16, while he was an assistant football coach there. He was also the head baseball coach at Vanderbilt from 1922 to 1923 and at Alabama from 1924 to 1927, amassing a career college baseball record of 87–45–2. Wade played football at Brown University. After retiring from coaching, Wade served as the commissioner of the Southern Conference from 1951 to 1960. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1955. Duke's football stadium was renamed in his honor as Wallace Wade Stadium in 1967.
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Wallace William Wade
William Wallace Wade (June 15, 1892 – October 7, 1986) was an American football player and coach of football, basketball and baseball. He served as the head football coach at the University of Alabama from 1923 to 1930 and at Duke University from 1931 to 1941 and again from 1946 to 1950, compiling a career college football record of 171–49–10. His tenure at Duke was interrupted by military service during World War II. Wade's Alabama Crimson Tide football teams of 1925, 1926 and 1930 have been recognized as national champions. Wade won a total of ten Southern Conference football titles, four with Alabama and six with the Duke Blue Devils. He coached in five Rose Bowls including the 1942 game, which was relocated from Pasadena, California to Durham, North Carolina after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
Wade served as the head basketball and baseball coach at Vanderbilt University for two seasons (1921–1923), tallying a mark of 24–16, while he was an assistant football coach there. He was also the head baseball coach at Vanderbilt from 1922 to 1923 and at Alabama from 1924 to 1927, amassing a career college baseball record of 87–45–2. Wade played football at Brown University. After retiring from coaching, Wade served as the commissioner of the Southern Conference from 1951 to 1960. He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1955. Duke's football stadium was renamed in his honor as Wallace Wade Stadium in 1967.
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Wendell Hudson
Wendell Hudson (born (1951-04-16)April 16, 1951 in Birmingham, Alabama) is a retired American basketball player and former Associate Athletics Director for Alumni Relations and the current eighth head women's basketball coach of the University of Alabama Crimson Tide.
In 1969, Hudson signed for Alabama coach C.M. Newton and thus became the first African-American scholarship athlete in any sport at the University of Alabama.
A veteran basketball coach with over 26 years of experience with both men and women's teams, including seven seasons in the SEC, Hudson has a proven track record of success, especially in the state of Alabama. Hudson began his coaching at Alabama under C. M. Newton as an assistant coach from 1974 to 1979. On the sideline as an assistant at the Capstone, Hudson helped the Tide compile a 129–41 record that included three-straight SEC titles and a Sweet 16 appearance in 1976. The Tide was ranked in the nation's top-10 for 43 of 54 weeks during its three-year SEC title run.
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William B. Bankhead
William Brockman Bankhead (April 12, 1874 – September 15, 1940) was an American politician from Alabama who served as U.S. Representative and Speaker of the House. He was a Democrat. Bankhead was a prominent supporter of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal of pro-labor union legislation, thus clashing with most other southern Democrats in Congress at the time. Bankhead described himself as proud to be a politician, by which he meant that he did not neglect matters that concerned his district or reelection. He is the father of noted actress Tallulah Bankhead.
Bankhead was born at the Bankhead plantation in Lamar County, Alabama. His father, John H. Bankhead, was a very active politician, who had served in the Alabama legislature, and later served as U.S. Representative and Senator. His mother was Tallulah James Brockman, daughter of South Carolina state Senator Thomas Patterson Brockman and he was raised as a Methodist. Bankhead's brother, John H. Bankhead II, also served in the Senate.
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Winston Groom
Winston F. Groom, Jr. (born March 23, 1944) is an American novelist and non-fiction writer, best known for his book Forrest Gump, which was adapted into a film in 1994.
Winston Groom was born in Washington, D.C., and was raised in Mobile, Alabama where he attended University Military School (now known as UMS-Wright Preparatory School). Groom's earliest ambition was to become a lawyer like his father, but instead, while a literary editor in college, he chose to become a writer. Groom attended the University of Alabama, was a member of Delta Tau Delta Fraternity and the Army ROTC, graduating in 1965. He served in the Army from 1965 to 1969, including a tour of duty in the Vietnam War.
Upon his return from Vietnam, he worked as a reporter for the Washington Star, a Washington D. C. newspaper covering police and courtroom activities. Groom retired as a journalist at age 32, and began writing his first novel Better Times Than These which was published in 1978. Better Times Than These was about a group of patriotic soldiers in the Vietnam War whose lives and patriotism both are shattered. His next novel As Summers Die (1980) received better recognition. His novel Conversations with the Enemy (1982) follows an American Vietnam War soldier who escapes from a POW camp and takes a plane back to the United States only to be arrested fourteen years later for desertion. Conversations with the Enemy was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in 1983.
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Xen C. Scott
Xenophon "Xen" Cole Scott (July 6, 1882 – April 21, 1924) was an American football, basketball, and baseball coach and a sportswriter in the United States. He served as the head football coach at Western Reserve University in 1910, at the Case School of Applied Science from 1911 to 1913—both Western Reserve and Case are now part of Case Western Reserve University, and at the University of Alabama from 1919 to 1922, compiling a career college football record of 49–26–4.
Born in Pasadena, California in 1882, Scott moved to Cleveland, Ohio with his family when he was four. Prior to being hired as head football coach, Scott was a horse-racing writer in Cleveland, Ohio. He also contributed material to the Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide in 1907 and 1908. In 1907 he became an assistant coach at Western Reserve University in Cleveland.
In 1910, Scott was hired to be head coach at the Nebraska State Normal School in Peru, Nebraska, where he also coached baseball and basketball. He compiled a 29–9–3 (.744) record at Alabama. His first Tide team went 8–1 to set a school record for victories in a season; his second team did better, going 10–1 and finishing atop the standings of the Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Scott recruited Joe Sewell to Alabama and then sent him to the Cleveland Indians when Sewell's football days were over; Joe Sewell went to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Scott's Tide scored 110 points against Marion Institution in 1922, an Alabama football record which still stands today. In 1922 Scott's Tide beat Penn, 9–7, a shocking upset at the time and one which heralded the arrival of Alabama as a national football power. However, Scott did not get to enjoy his success; a case of cancer of the mouth and tongue forced his resignation after the 1922 season and he died in 1924.
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Alabama Crimson Tide Football 2012 Hype
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
I do not own the clips, or the music however i did edit and put together everything. ROLL TIDEEEEE ROLLL.
http://wn.com/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_Football_2012_Hype
Crimson Tide BCS Football 2012 Sweet Home Alabama
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Alabama Crimson Tide 2012 BCS Title Game victory over LSU Tigers. Tuscaloosa tornadoes to NCAA championship with a little time to bring some smiles to the children at West Jefferson Hospital in Louisiana before the big game. Old school classic Southern Rock to recognize old school championship play. RIP to all victims of the Tuscaloosa tornadoes and thoughts and prayers to all the children battling illnesses. Congratulations Crimson Tide and regardless of your great accomplishments on the field, years from now know that your greatest contributions were assisting those in your community and taking the time to bring smiles to children in need of a little hope. Louisiana boys appreciate the dedication, overcoming obstacles, and providing a little encouragement to those in need. Thanks to true fans and athletes. This page may play fun with simple animations, but you will not see footage or caricatures of reprehensible behavior such as that in graphic video of Alabama fans assaulting LSU fan. Bear Bryant, West Jefferson Hospital, Trent Richardson, AJ McCarron, Nick Saban, Kirby Smart, LSU, Les Miles, Claiborne, Jones, Background Music "Sweet Home Alabama" credit Lynyrd Skynyrd, 1974, MCA Label which is available on Amazon MP3, iTunes, and Android Market. BCS Game footage clips credit ESPN. Alabama Player photos at West Jefferson Hospital, LA, credit: The Birmingham News.
http://wn.com/Crimson_Tide_BCS_Football_2012_Sweet_Home_Alabama
ALABAMA CRIMSON TIDE FOOTBALL HYPE VIDEO 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:22
- Updated: 13 Nov 2012
Just Watch!! I dont own this song or the footage in the video. ROLL TIDE ROLL!!!
http://wn.com/ALABAMA_CRIMSON_TIDE_FOOTBALL_HYPE_VIDEO_2012
Turn it Up (Roll Tide) - Nucklez (Alabama Crimson Tide Tailgating Party song)
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- Duration: 4:29
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Nucklez debut single music video. "Turn It Up (Roll Tide)" is a University of Alabama Crimson Tide tailgating party song featuring Mick Swagga and the Gambit Family. Produced by Gambit Family, Tony Beckham & Truly Mammoth Pictures, and JEBeatz.
http://wn.com/Turn_it_Up_Roll_Tide_Nucklez_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_Tailgating_Party_song
2011 Alabama Crimson Tide Season Highlights
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:56
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
Highlights from the 2011-2012 BCS National Champions Music Heart of A Champion - Nelly Champions - WWE Tough Enough Theme Song Champions - Ron Artest Cant Be Touch - Roy Jones Jr
http://wn.com/2011_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_Season_Highlights
1985 Alabama Crimson Tide vs. Georgia Bulldogs at Sanford Stadium (Football)
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- Duration: 111:50
- Updated: 22 Oct 2012
Mike Shula leads the Crimson Tide into Sanford Stadium to take on Wayne Johnson and the Georgia Bulldogs. Herschel Walker's jersey was retired at halftime with ceremonies being led by the legendary Dan McGill. Bama won this one in a thriller at the end 20-16 but not before Georgia made an incedible comeback to take the lead with less than a minute left. As a Georgia fan, this one was a huge heartbreaker but a great SEC game, as usual. Enjoy! I do not own the rights to this video and do not profit from it in any way.
http://wn.com/1985_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_vs_Georgia_Bulldogs_at_Sanford_Stadium_Football
Could the Alabama Crimson Tide defense stop an NFL offense?
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- Duration: 2:51
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
The Alabama Crimson Tide defense made a living by punishing opposing offenses en route to a National Championship, but it was their competition against each other that may have propelled them there.
http://wn.com/Could_the_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_defense_stop_an_NFL_offense?
#1 Florida Gators vs #2 Alabama Crimson Tide 2009 SEC Championship
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 146:08
- Updated: 21 Nov 2012
No ownership of this footage is claimed. Fair use intended.
http://wn.com/_1_Florida_Gators_vs_2_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_2009_SEC_Championship
Alabama Crimson Tide @ Kentucky Wildcats - October 3, 2009
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- Duration: 124:27
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Alabama 38 - Kentucky 20 I do not own this footage. Fair use intended.
http://wn.com/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_@_Kentucky_Wildcats_October_3,_2009
New Alabama Crimson Tide Football Song "TIDAL WAVE" by Mike McGuire of Shenandoah
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- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 14 Nov 2012
New Alabama Crimson Tide Football Song "TIDAL WAVE" by Mike McGuire of legendary country group Shenandoah.
http://wn.com/New_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_Football_Song_TIDAL_WAVE_by_Mike_McGuire_of_Shenandoah
College Football - 1964 Sugar Bowl #8 Alabama Crimson Tide vs. #7 Ole Miss Rebels [1/2]
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- Duration: 30:03
- Updated: 10 Nov 2012
A strange match up against 2 conference rivals (Who didn't play that year). Alabama had 2 losses, and was far less dominate than the previous 2 years, was 3rd in the conference with 2 losses to the Gators and Auburn. While Ole Miss was undefeated, but had ties to Memphis State and rival Mississippi State, ruining any title hopes they had.
http://wn.com/College_Football_1964_Sugar_Bowl_8_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_vs_7_Ole_Miss_Rebels_1_2_
1992-11-07 - #3 Alabama Crimson Tide at LSU Tigers (Football)
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- Duration: 127:29
- Updated: 12 Nov 2012
#3 Alabama Crimson Tide (8-0-0) vs. LSU Tigers (1-7-0) Tiger Stadium Baton Rouge, LA November 7, 1992
http://wn.com/1992-11-07_3_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_at_LSU_Tigers_Football
TJ Yeldon Highlights - Alabama Crimson Tide RB
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- Duration: 1:41
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
Subscribe to Full Ride on YouTube: goo.gl Follow Full Ride on Twitter: goo.gl Watch Bleacher Report's College Football Lead Blogger Michael Felder breakdown highlights for Alabama Crimson Tide's running back TJ Yeldon and find out how Nick Saban will use him. Full Ride is Bleacher Report's weekly college football recruiting show that pulls back the curtain to give you the hottest news, analysis, interviews and highlights.
http://wn.com/TJ_Yeldon_Highlights_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_RB
College Football Picks: Alabama Crimson Tide vs Arkansas Razorbacks Preview and Odds Analysis
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- Duration: 4:26
- Updated: 16 Sep 2012
www.sbrforum.com The Alabama Crimson Tide face the Arkansas Razorbacks this week in college football. SBRForum.com's Peter Loshak previews the game and discusses the betting lines with college football betting analyst Jeff Grant from Bleacherreport.com. What do you think? Leave your comments below and SUBSCRIBE to our channel to receive the latest videos. To see our detailed and up-to-date sportsbook ratings and overviews, go to: www.sportsbookreview.com Facebook: bit.ly Twitter: bit.ly Tumblr: bit.ly
http://wn.com/College_Football_Picks_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_vs_Arkansas_Razorbacks_Preview_and_Odds_Analysis
2012 Alabama Crimson Tide Football Introductions at the Cowboys Classic
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- Duration: 1:52
- Updated: 08 Sep 2012
The Alabama Crimson Tide football team takes the Field in Dallas for the 2012 Cowboys Classic.
http://wn.com/2012_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_Football_Introductions_at_the_Cowboys_Classic
The Alabama Crimson Tide still undefeated at 8-0
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:12
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
The Alabama Crimson Tide goes 8-0 on the season after downing the Mississippi State Bulldogs 38-7 at Bryant-Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama on Homecoming night. Alabama now looks to their annual SEC Western Division rivalry showdown with LSU to have a chance to lock up the SEC West title for the season and clinch a birth in the SEC Championship game. NOTICE: I claim no ownership of this footage. No Copyright Infringement Intended. This is available for historical purposes only for Educational use under fair use law. I do not acquire any profit from this footage.
http://wn.com/The_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_still_undefeated_at_8-0
Alabama Crimson Tide Highlights 2011-2012!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:10
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
National Champs Hightlights !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
http://wn.com/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_Highlights_2011-2012!!
Alabama Crimson Tide Double-Digit Road Favorite At LSU Tigers - College Football Betting & Odds
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 31 Oct 2012
Preview Saturday's college football games at www.DonBest.com with updated NCAA football odds and betting analysis, featuring the Alabama Crimson Tide and LSU Tigers in a key SEC matchup.
http://wn.com/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_Double-Digit_Road_Favorite_At_LSU_Tigers_College_Football_Betting_Odds
2012 Alabama Crimson Tide Intro Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Updated: 03 Nov 2012
This is the intro video that played before the Crimson Tide ran onto the field at the 2012 Cowboys Classic in Dallas, Texas.
http://wn.com/2012_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_Intro_Video
NCCA Football 13 - Alabama Crimson Tide vs. LSU Tigers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:17
- Updated: 03 Oct 2012
Here you can see the match Alabama Crimson Tide vs. LSU Tigers in NCAA Football 13
http://wn.com/NCCA_Football_13_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_vs_LSU_Tigers
College Football Picks: Michigan Wolverines vs Alabama Crimson Tide Preview and Odds Analysis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 30 Aug 2012
www.sbrforum.com - The Michigan Wolverines face the Alabama Crimson Tide this week in college football. SBRForum.com's Peter Loshak previews the game and discusses the betting lines with a guest professional college football handicapper. What do you think? Leave your comments below and SUBSCRIBE to our channel to receive the latest videos. To see our detailed and up-to-date sportsbook ratings and overviews, go to: www.sportsbookreview.com Facebook: bit.ly Twitter: bit.ly Tumblr: bit.ly
http://wn.com/College_Football_Picks_Michigan_Wolverines_vs_Alabama_Crimson_Tide_Preview_and_Odds_Analysis
Alabama Crimson Tide Football Fight Song w/words
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:04
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Alabama Fight Song with words. Includes pics of Paul 'BEAR" Bryant and Nick Saban . . .
http://wn.com/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_Football_Fight_Song_w_words
2012 Alabama Football Intro Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:39
- Updated: 22 Nov 2012
Built by BAMA © 2012 Crimson Tide Productions
http://wn.com/2012_Alabama_Football_Intro_Video
photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais
20 Nov 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling President Barack Obama's whirlwind tour of southeast Asia and meetings with dignitaries will have to walk a tightrope between either appearing to endorse military juntas or truly being committed to ongoing pro-democracy movements. Specifically at issue is Burma's Aung San Suu Kyi, a democratic advocate...(size: 5.0Kb)
photo: AP / Melanie Gouby
21 Nov 2012
Hundreds of government soldiers and police in the Democratic Republic of Congo have surrendered to rebels at a stadium in Goma, Al Jazeera's Nazanine Moshiri has reported from the scene. The M23 rebel group, believed to be backed by Rwanda seized the strategic, provincial capital of Goma in eastern Congo on Tuesday, home to more than 1 million...(size: 18.7Kb)
photo: AP / Sebastian D'souza
21 Nov 2012
MUMBAI, India - India executed the lone surviving gunman from the 2008 terror attack on Mumbai early Wednesday, India's home ministry said. Ajmal Kasab, a Pakistani citizen, was one of 10 gunmen who rampaged through the streets of India's financial capital in November 2008, killing 166 people. Kasab was hung at 7:30 a.m. Wednesday at a jail in...(size: 4.5Kb)
photo: AP / Hatem Moussa
19 Nov 2012
Gaza/Jerusalem - Israel bombed dozens of targets in the Gaza Strip on Monday and said that while it was prepared to step up its offensive by sending in troops, it preferred a diplomatic solution that would end Palestinian rocket fire. Mediator Egypt said a deal for a truce to end the fighting could be close. The leader of Hamas said it was up to...(size: 4.1Kb)
photo: AP / Emilio Morenatti
22 Nov 2012
A new battle is underway in Pakistan with its powerful military front-and-centre, but the fight is not against armed insurgents or ideological extremists - this opponent is a muscle-flexing Supreme Court. For the first time in decades, the military's iron grip over the South Asian country has been challenged, and it remains to be seen if it will...(size: 23.7Kb)
Daily Press
22 Nov 2012
Five bowls are credentialed to attend Saturday’s Virginia Tech-Virginia game. That a handful of postseason scouts deem it necessary to observe the 5-6 Hokies on Thanksgiving weekend speaks volumes. Indeed, it’s been a peculiar year not only in the ACC but also nationally, rendering annual bowl projections more perilous than usual. The...(size: 9.7Kb)
The Washington Post
22 Nov 2012
Auburn (3-8, 0-7 Southeastern Conference) at No. 2 Alabama (10-1, 6-1), 3:30 p.m. (CBS) Line: Alabama by 31.5. Loading... Comments Weigh In Corrections? Recommend Personal Post Series Record: Alabama leads 41-34-1...(size: 2.8Kb)
The Washington Post
22 Nov 2012
TUSCALOOSA, Ala. — The Alabama-Auburn rivalry has a storied history, Hatfield-vs.-McCoy level hatred and games and performances that inhabit the state’s psyche for decades. What the Iron Bowl hasn’t been filled with is really big upsets. Loading... Comments Weigh In Corrections? Recommend...(size: 5.7Kb)
The Examiner
22 Nov 2012
Related topics Birmingham crime newshomicide suspect Advertisement The U.S. Marshals Florida Regional Fugitive Task Force (FRFTF) announced Nov. 20, 2012, the arrest of Shannon Brewer, 24 years of age from Florence, Alabama for First Degree Murder and Attempted Murder. Florence is an Alabama town north of Birmingham. Brewer was being sought by...(size: 8.8Kb)
The Guardian
22 Nov 2012
MSNBC
22 Nov 2012
Sporting News
22 Nov 2012
Sal Sunseri was on the staff of a national championship team when he left Alabama to join forces with Derek Dooley at Tennessee as the Vols’ defensive coordinator. Turns out, the move didn’t work out so well. Dooley was fired last week and after one year, Sunseri, unlikely to be retained by the new staff, is hitting the road again in search of a...(size: 2.6Kb)
MSNBC
22 Nov 2012
Birmingham — From The Associated Press TUSCALOOSA, Ala. (AP) - Authorities have recaptured two of...(size: 0.7Kb)
my SA
22 Nov 2012
TUSCALOOSA, Ala. (AP) — The Alabama-Auburn rivalry has a storied history, Hatfield-vs.-McCoy level hatred and games and performances that inhabit the state's psyche for decades. What the Iron Bowl hasn't been filled with is really big upsets. The Tigers visit Bryant-Denny Stadium and the second-ranked Crimson Tide on Saturday as 31.5-point...(size: 4.7Kb)
MSNBC
22 Nov 2012
Birmingham — Meteorologist Jerry Tracey is forecasting more beautiful weather for Thanksgiving Day...(size: 0.7Kb)
Orlando Sentinel
22 Nov 2012
Bowl season is just around the corner and the pressure is on bowl leaders to figure out...(size: 0.6Kb)
Clarion Ledger
22 Nov 2012
NASHVILLE â A popular question asked during SEC games this season has been: Do you have any service? The increasing number of fans unhappy their smartphones and tablets aren't working has become a priority for the mighty Southeastern Conference. The need for more bandwidth at stadiums is a hot-button issue being studied by a fan experience group...(size: 5.5Kb)
Denver Post
22 Nov 2012
Click photo to enlarge Western Carolina running back Michael Vaughn (25) is chased by Alabama defensive lineman Darren Lake (95) during the second half of an NCAA college football game at Bryant-Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Ala., Saturday, Nov. 17, 2012. Alabama won 49-0. «123» ATHENS, Ga.—Christian Robinson is a competitor....(size: 7.6Kb)
| Alabama Crimson Tide football | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 2012 Alabama Crimson Tide football team |
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| First season | 1892 | ||
| Athletic director | Mal Moore | ||
| Head coach | Nick Saban | ||
| 5th year, 55–12 (.821) | |||
| Home stadium | Bryant-Denny Stadium | ||
| Stadium capacity | 101,821[1] | ||
| Stadium surface | Natural grass | ||
| Location | Tuscaloosa, Alabama | ||
| Conference | SEC (1932–present) |
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| Division | SEC Western Division (1992–present) |
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| All-time record | 814–320–43 (.710) | ||
| Postseason bowl record | 34[b]–22–3 | ||
| Claimed national titles | 14[2][3] | ||
| Conference titles | 26 (22 SEC) | ||
| Heisman winners | 1 | ||
| Consensus All-Americans | 47[4] | ||
| Current uniform | |||
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| Colors | Crimson and White
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| Fight song | Yea Alabama | ||
| Mascot | Elephant (Big Al) | ||
| Marching band | Million Dollar Band | ||
| Rivals | Auburn Tigers Tennessee Volunteers |
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| Website | RollTide.com | ||
The Alabama Crimson Tide football team represents the University of Alabama (variously Alabama, UA, or 'Bama) in the sport of American football. The Crimson Tide competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).[5] The Crimson Tide is one of the most storied and decorated programs in NCAA history. Since beginning play in 1892, the program has accepted 14 of the national championships awarded to the team,[2][3][6] including 9 wire-service (AP or Coaches) national titles in the poll-era. From 1958 to 1982, the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Paul "Bear" Bryant, who won six national championships with the program.[3] Despite multiple national and conference championships, it was not until 2009 that an Alabama player received a Heisman Trophy, when running back Mark Ingram became the university's first winner.[7]
As of the completion of the 2011 season, Alabama has 814 official victories[a][b] in NCAA Division I, has won 26 conference championships (4 Southern Conference and 22 SEC championships) and has made an NCAA-record 59 postseason bowl appearances. Other NCAA records include 22 10-game win streaks, and 16 seasons with a 10–0 start. The program has 31 10–win seasons,[8][9] and has 33[b] bowl victories, both NCAA records.[10] The Crimson Tide leads the SEC West Division with seven division titles and seven appearances in the SEC Championship Game. Alabama holds a winning record against every current and former SEC school except for newcomer Missouri. The Associated Press (AP) currently ranks Alabama 5th in all-time final AP Poll appearances, with 48.[11]
Alabama currently plays their home games at Bryant-Denny Stadium, located on the campus in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.[1] With a capacity of 101,821, Bryant-Denny is the 7th largest non-racing stadium in the world and the fifth largest stadium in the United States, behind only Michigan Stadium, Beaver Stadium (Penn State), Neyland Stadium (Tennessee), and Ohio Stadium.[1]
Contents |
History[link]
Head coaching history[link]
Main article: List of Alabama Crimson Tide football head coaches
Alabama has had 28 head coaches since organized football began in 1892. Adopting the nickname of the Crimson Tide after the 1907 season, the team has played more than 1,100 games in their 114 seasons. In that time, 12 coaches have led the Crimson Tide in postseason bowl games: Wallace Wade, Frank Thomas, Harold Drew, Paul "Bear" Bryant, Ray Perkins, Bill Curry, Gene Stallings, Mike DuBose, Dennis Franchione, Mike Shula, Joe Kines, and Nick Saban.[2] Eight of those coaches also won conference championships: Wade, Thomas, Drew, Bryant, Curry, Stallings, DuBose, and Saban.[2] During their tenures, Wade, Thomas, Bryant, Stallings, and Saban all won national championships with the Crimson Tide.[2]
Of the 27 different head coaches who have led the Crimson Tide Wade,[12] Thomas,[13] Bryant,[14] and Stallings have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. The current head coach is Nick Saban, who was hired in January 2007.[15]
Early history (1892–1921)[link]
File:ThinRedLine Alabama.jpg
Alabama in the early 1900s
University of Alabama law student William G. Little learned how to play American football while attending prep school in Andover, Massachusetts and began teaching the sport to fellow Alabama students in early 1892.[16] Later in the year, the school formed an official team of 19 players, with Little as captain and E. B. Beaumont as head coach.[17] Among those also on the team were William B. Bankhead, future U.S. Speaker of the House, and Bibb Graves, future governor of Alabama.[18] The team was referred to as the "Cadets", the "Crimson White", or simply as "the varsity".[17][19]
On November 11, 1892, the team played its first game at a baseball park in Birmingham, Alabama, winning 56–0 against a team composed of players from local Birmingham-area high schools.[17] The team played only one game during the 1897 and 1898 seasons because of a ban restricting student athletes from traveling away from campus.[16] The team resumed play in 1899 after the ban was lifted due to fan and student outcry.[16] Following the 1907 season, the team adopted the "Crimson Tide" nickname.[19] The school did not field a team in 1918 because of World War I, but resumed play once again in 1919.[16]
Alabama's first All-American was Bully Van de Graaff in 1915.
Rise to prominence (1922–1957)[link]
Shortly after the end of the 1922 season in which he led Alabama in the victory over Penn, head coach Xen C. Scott died of cancer, and Brown University alum Wallace Wade was hired as the new head coach. Intent on building a dynasty after Wade led the team to the Rose Bowl win over Washington, the team's first national championship, and "the game that changed the South."[20] Athletics director George Denny took advantage of the team's newfound popularity and began advertising the University of Alabama in metropolitan New York City newspapers. Students, football players and fans alike from the Northeast began enrolling at Alabama at such a rate that by 1930, over one-third of the student body was from out-of-state.[21] Wade led the Crimson Tide to two more national titles before taking the head coaching position at Duke in 1931.[22]
Frank Thomas, a former quarterback for a Notre Dame squad led by Knute Rockne, was hired to replace Wade. Thomas led the team to continued success and two more national championships before health issues forced him to retire after a 14-year tenure as head coach of the program, which did not field a team in 1943 because of World War II. Among the players that Thomas coached were Harry Gilmer, Don Hutson, and Paul "Bear" Bryant.
Harold "Red" Drew followed Thomas as head coach and led the team to a 54–28–7 record over the next eight seasons, though never winning a national championship. Drew's successor, J.B. "Ears" Whitworth, led the Crimson Tide to its worst three-year stretch in school history, posting a 4–24–2 record before being fired following the 1957 season.
Paul "Bear" Bryant era (1958–1982)[link]
Paul William "Bear" Bryant came to the Crimson Tide program in December 1957, after leaving his head coaching position at Texas A&M.[23] On December 8, five days after leaving A&M, Bryant was asked why he left for Alabama. Bryant replied, "Mama called, and when Mama calls, then you just have to come running."[24] Bryant entered an Alabama program which had not had a winning record in four seasons. However, in his first season, Bryant led Alabama to a 5–4–1 record—one more win than Alabama had in the previous three seasons.[25][26] In his fourth season, Bryant led the Crimson Tide to their sixth national championship which included Bryant's first bowl victory with Alabama.[3] Between 1961 to 1966, Alabama went 60–5–1, which included three national championships, four Southeastern Conference Championships, two undefeated seasons, and six bowl berths.[27]
Between 1970–1979, the Crimson Tide was one of the most dominant teams in college football. During the decade the program won eight conference titles and three national championships.[3] The very first game of the decade was notable, as the team was thoroughly defeated by the USC Trojans in Birmingham 42–21. This is the game that is generally credited as the catalyst to end segregation in college football.[28] The following season, John Mitchell, an African-American transfer from Eastern Arizona Junior College, played in the rematch, a game that Alabama won 17–10 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. In that game, Mitchell became the first black player to start for the Tide.
Bryant was not only loved by the people in and around the state of Alabama and the southeast, but by coaches all over the nation. John McKay, the legendary USC coach, had these words to say about Bryant. "He was not just a coach, he was the coach". Another great quote about Bryant goes as follows. "He was simply the best there ever was," Bob Devaney, the former Nebraska Cornhuskers head coach. Bryant's final game as head coach of Alabama came in the 1982 Liberty Bowl.[29][30] Bryant's retirement made the Liberty Bowl one of the most covered games that season as many news stations and newspapers sent reporters to cover the game.[31][32] Alabama earned a 21–15 victory over Illinois.[33]
During his tenure at Alabama, Bryant led Alabama to a 232–46–9 record. His achievements included six national championships,[3] 13 Southeastern Conference titles, 14 bowl appearances, and 11 bowl victories. In his 25 seasons, he led the Crimson Tide to 24 consecutive bowl appearances. At the time of his retirement, Bryant had recorded an NCAA record 323 wins.[34]
Bryant once said if he retired that he would "probably croak in a week" and said, "I imagine I'd go straight to the graveyard."[35][36] Four weeks after coaching his final game, Bear Bryant died of a heart attack on January 26, 1983.[37]
Perkins-Curry era (1983–1989)[link]
Former New York Giants head coach Ray Perkins replaced Bryant, under whom he played in the early 1960s.[38] In his first season head coach, Alabama finished the regular season at 7–4, just as it had done in the previous year. In the Sun Bowl, Alabama upset the #5-ranked SMU Mustangs 28–7.[39] His second season was far less successful, as Alabama endured their first losing season in 28 years with a 5–6 record, failing to qualify for a bowl game.[40] In 1985, the team fared much better than the previous season, finishing with a 9–2–1 record. Following a dramatic victory over Auburn, the Tide went on to defeat Southern Cal 28–3 in the Aloha Bowl.[41] The 1986 season, Alabama went 10–3 as they defeated Notre Dame for the first time in school history, and ended a losing streak versus rival Tennessee. In the season finale in the Sun Bowl, Alabama won 28–6 over the Washington Huskies.[42] Perkins accumulated a 32–15–1 record during his tenure before deciding to leave for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.[43]
Perkins was succeeded by his former Baltimore Colts teammate and Georgia Tech head coach Bill Curry. Curry led the Tide to three winning seasons, including three straight victories over Joe Paterno and Penn State and a 10–0 start to the 1989 season. Curry accumulated a record of 26–10 over three seasons at Alabama. However, tensions within the athletic department and three straight losses against arch-rival Auburn led Curry to resign so that he could go on to become head coach for Kentucky. Curry is currently the head coach of the Georgia State Panthers.[44]
Gene Stallings era (1990–1996)[link]
Alabama once again sought someone with ties to Bryant by hiring Gene Stallings, who had been recently fired as head coach of the Phoenix Cardinals.[45] Stallings had been a member of the Junction Boys, a group of players who trained under Bryant during his tenure at Texas A&M.[46] In his first season, the Tide lost their first three games, but rebounded to finish off the season with a 7–5 record which included a berth in the Fiesta Bowl and a defeat to Louisville in a 34–7 rout.[47] The following season proved to be much more successful as Alabama finished with an 11–1 record. After a 35–0 blowout loss to the Florida Gators, the team finished off the regular season with nine consecutive victories, before defeating Colorado 30–25 in the Blockbuster Bowl.[48]
In just his third season as head coach, Alabama was unbeaten in the regular season, and recorded three shutout victories en route to the inaugural SEC Championship Game. Alabama was able to avoid an upset with a late interception by Antonio Langham, who returned it for a touchdown to secure a 28–21 victory.[49] With the win, Alabama was invited to the 1993 Sugar Bowl to face the unbeaten Miami Hurricanes, who entered with a 29-game winning streak and that year's Heisman Trophy winner, quarterback Gino Torretta. Despite Miami being favored by 8 points, the Crimson Tide's defense proved to be too much as the Tide routed the Hurricanes 34–13[50] and finished a perfect 13–0, allowing them to claim their 12th national championship[51]—the first since the Bryant era.[52]
The Crimson Tide were forced to forfeit eight victories and one tie achieved during the 9–3–1 1993 season in games participated in by senior cornerback Antonio Langham. The NCAA discovered before Alabama's bowl game that year that Langham had violated NCAA rules by signing with an agent after the previous season.[53] Alabama was in contention for another national title in 1994 before losing the SEC Championship Game to Florida, finishing 12–1 after defeating Ohio State in the Citrus Bowl. Though going 8–3 in 1995, Alabama was not allowed to play in a bowl game, due to a probationary stipulation resulting from the Langham incident.[53] Stallings led the team to a 10–3 record and a victory over Michigan in the Outback Bowl during the 1996 season before retiring.[54]
DuBose-Franchione-Shula era (1997–2006)[link]
Following Gene Stallings's retirement in 1996, defensive coordinator Mike DuBose was promoted to the head coaching position.[55][56] In his third season, DuBose won the SEC Championship.[57] With the success, Alabama began their 2000 season as high as No. 3 in some polls. The expectations went unfulfilled as the Tide slumped to a 3–8 record. Following the season, DuBose was replaced by an up-and-coming coach from TCU, Dennis Franchione.[58]
Franchione led Alabama to two winning seasons in 2001 and 2002, with a combined 17–8 record. Late in the 2002 season, rumors began to surface about Franchione expressing desire to leave Alabama for other coaching jobs, including Big 12 schools Kansas and Texas A&M.[59][60] On December 5, 2002, Franchione was formally introduced as the head coach at Texas A&M.[61]
On December 18, 2002, Alabama announced that Washington State head coach Mike Price would be the next coach for the Crimson Tide program.[62][63] However, in May 2003, Price was removed from his position as the head coach, following a scandal.[64][65][66] Less than a week later, Alabama hired Mike Shula, a former Alabama quarterback and then-quarterbacks coach for the Miami Dolphins.[67] Alabama had reportedly been searching mainly for former Alabama players, including considering Sylvester Croom.[68]
With the difficult offseason, the Shula-led Crimson Tide finished 4–9 in 2003. Bama's 2004 team finished the regular season with a 6–6 record and made their first bowl appearance in three seasons.[69] It was also the first season the team began playing all their home games exclusively at Bryant-Denny Stadium. In previous years, the Tide had played many of their biggest home games at Legion Field in Birmingham. During the offseason, Alabama once again was able to gain a "full" recruiting class, following a probation by the NCAA which occurred in 2001 resulting from recruiting violations that occurred during Dubose's tenure. In Shula's third season, Alabama rolled to a 10–2 record, ending with a 13–10 victory in the 2006 Cotton Bowl. However, the following season, Alabama struggled to find consistency. The team ended with a 6–7 overall record, losing every road game of the season. Shula was terminated as head coach of the program,[70][71] having been the only head coach at Alabama to lose four consecutive games to Auburn.[72] However, the Tide was later forced to vacate the ten wins in 2005 and six wins in 2006 due to NCAA violation from athletes reselling books.
Nick Saban era (2007–present)[link]
On January 3, 2007, Nick Saban left the NFL's Miami Dolphins and accepted an offer worth US$32 million guaranteed for eight years to be the next Crimson Tide head coach.[15][73] In his first season, Saban led the Crimson Tide to a 7–6 record. A promising 6–2 start gave way to ending the regular season with four straight losses including an upset loss to Louisiana–Monroe.[74] The team rebounded in its final game, defeating Colorado in the Independence Bowl.
Alabama greatly improved in the following season, becoming the first SEC football team in history to post a 12–0 regular season record (followed by both Florida and Alabama in 2009) and climbing to its first No. 1 ranking in 16 years, before finishing with back-to-back losses in the SEC Championship Game[75] and the Sugar Bowl[76] to finish the year at 12–2.
In 2009, Nick Saban led Alabama to its second consecutive undefeated regular season (12–0), and won the SEC Championship Game with a victory over the No. 1 ranked Florida Gators to improve to 13–0.[77] On January 7, 2010, Alabama beat Texas 37–21 in the 2010 BCS National Championship Game, finishing the season 14–0 and winning Alabama its 13th national championship.[78] Saban joined Pop Warner as the only coach to win National Championships at two different FBS schools.
Before the 2010 season, Alabama was ranked No. 1, but losses to South Carolina, LSU, and Auburn (eventual National Champion) gave Saban's Tide a regular season record of 9–3. Alabama was invited to the Capital One Bowl where they beat Big 10 Co-Champion Michigan State 49–7 to finish with a 10–3 record.
During the 2011 season the Tide was ranked No. 2 in the first 2011 BCS Poll behind division rival LSU. The Tide lost 9–6 in overtime to the LSU Tigers on November 5, 2011 in Tuscaloosa. Alabama finished the regular season ranked No. 2 in the BCS poll, which resulted in Alabama playing No. 1 LSU in the 2012 BCS National Championship Game in New Orleans, Louisiana. It was Alabama's second BCS National Championship Game appearance in three years. Alabama won the game 21–0 behind one of the best defensive performances in bowl history. It was the second fewest total yardage a team had been held to, only behind the 2008 Florida Gators. It was the first time in a BCS bowl game the opponent was held scoreless.
Saban's current official record at Alabama is 50–12 (55–12 on the field, but 5 wins from the 2007 season were vacated).[79]
Championships[link]
Bold indicates national championship. |
National championships[link]
National championships in NCAA FBS college football are debated as the NCAA does not officially award the championship. Despite not naming an official National Champion, the NCAA provides lists of championships awarded by organizations it recognizes.[6][80] According to the official NCAA 2009 Division I Football Records Book, "During the last 138 years, there have been more than 30 selectors of national champions using polls, historical research and mathematical rating systems. Beginning in 1936, the Associated Press began the best-known and most widely circulated poll of sportswriters and broadcasters. Before 1936, national champions were determined by historical research and retroactive ratings and polls. [...] The criteria for being included in this historical list of poll selectors is that the poll be national in scope, either through distribution in newspaper, television, radio and/or computer online."[81]
The University of Alabama 2009 Official Football Media Guide states that Alabama had 12 national championships prior to winning the 2010 BCS National Championship Game.[82] The 2009 and 2011 titles bring the total number of national championships claimed by Alabama to 14. In addition to the championships claimed by the university, the NCAA lists Alabama as receiving a championship for the 1945, 1966, 1975, and 1977 college football seasons,[6][80] however those championships are not claimed by Alabama. Nine of Alabama's national championships were awarded by the wire-services (AP, Coaches' Poll) or by winning the BCS National Championship Game.[6][80]
In the 1980s Alabama, under Sports Information Director Wayne Atcheson, recognized five national championship teams (1925, 1926, 1930, 1934, 1941), and added them to the University's Football Media Guide. According to Atcheson, he made the effort in the context of disputed titles being claimed by other schools, and "to make Alabama football look the best it could look." Though the claims were made in the spirit of competition with other claimants, Atcheson maintains that the titles are the school's rightful claims.[83]
Since World War II, Alabama only claims national championships awarded by the final AP Poll or the final Coaches' Poll. This policy is consistent with other FBS football programs with numerous national title claims, including Notre Dame, USC, and Oklahoma. All national championships claimed by the University of Alabama were published in nationally-syndicated newspapers and magazines, and each of the national championship selectors, listed below, is cited in the Official 2010 NCAA FBS Record Book.[84]
National championship seasons[link]
- 1925 — The 1925 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Wallace Wade, completed the regular season 9–0–0, winning the Southern Conference championship. Alabama was then invited to play Washington in the January 1, 1926 Rose Bowl. Coach Wade's team initially fell behind the undefeated Huskies, but rallied in the second half to defeat Washington 20–19. The outstanding player of the game was Johnny Mack Brown.[85] This game is viewed by many football historians as the single most important event for Southern football, and is hailed "the football game that changed the South." Alabama was the first Southern football team to be invited to play in the Rose Bowl, and proved that the Southern teams could compete with those from the East, the Midwest and the West coast. The victory for Coach Wallace Wade established Alabama as a football powerhouse. The 1925 Alabama football team finished the season with a 10–0–0 record and was selected national champions by the Football Annual, Billingsley, and Helms Athletic Foundation.[86]
- 1926 — The 1926 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Wallace Wade, completed the regular season 9–0–0, winning the Southern Conference championship. Alabama was then invited to play Stanford in the January 1, 1927 Rose Bowl. Coach Wade's team tied the Indians 7–7 to finish the season 9–0–1. The outstanding player of the game was Fred Pickhard.[85] The 1926 Alabama football team was selected national champions by Billingsley and the Helms Athletic Foundation.[86]
- 1930 — The 1930 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Wallace Wade, completed the regular season 9–0–0, winning the Southern Conference championship. Alabama was then invited to play Washington State in the January 1, 1931 Rose Bowl. Coach Wade's team defeated the Cougars 24–0 to finish the season 10–0–0. The outstanding player of the game was John Campbell.[85] The 1930 Alabama football team tied with Notre Dame as national champions in the Davis Poll.[86]
- 1934 — The 1934 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Frank Thomas, completed the regular season 9–0–0, winning the Southeastern Conference championship. Alabama was then invited to play Stanford in the January 1, 1935 Rose Bowl. Coach Thomas' team defeated the Indians 29–13 to finish the season 10–0–0. The outstanding player of the game was Millard "Dixie" Howell.[85] The 1934 Alabama football team was selected national champions by Dunkel, Houlgate, Williamson, and Football Thesaurus.[86] The University of Alabama honored Ben McLeod, Jr., the 95-year–old former backup End of the 1934 team at the September 6, 2008 Alabama–Tulane game.[87]
- 1941 — The 1941 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Frank Thomas, completed the regular season 8–2–0. Alabama's squad finished 3rd in the Southeastern Conference.[88] After losing to Mississippi State and Vanderbilt,[85] Alabama finished the regular season ranked No. 20 in the AP Poll.[89] This is one of the most vigorously disputed titles in the programs history because of their ranking. Alabama was one of 10 teams chosen for post-season competition when they were invited to play Texas A&M in the January 1, 1942 Cotton Bowl Classic. Coach Thomas' team defeated the Aggies 29–21 to finish the season 9–2–0. The outstanding players of the game were Holt Rast, Don Whitmire, and Jimmy Nelson.[85] The squad was selected national champions by the Houlgate Poll and published in the nationally syndicated Football Thesaurus.[86] The 2009 NCAA Record Book cites the Minnesota Golden Gophers, the Texas Longhorns, and the Alabama Crimson Tide as the three teams selected as national champions in 1941.[90] The Tuscaloosa News described the 1941 Alabama Crimson Tide as the University's best team since the 1934 Rose Bowl Championship Team.[91]
- 1961 — The 1961 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Bear Bryant, completed the regular season 10–0–0, winning the Southeastern Conference championship. Led by quarterback Pat Trammell, linebacker Lee Roy Jordan and two–way lineman Billy Neighbors, Alabama outscored their opponents 297–25. Alabama was then invited to play the #9–ranked Arkansas Razorbacks in the January 1, 1962 Sugar Bowl. Coach Bryant's team defeated the Razorbacks 10–3 to finish the season 11–0–0. The outstanding player of the game was Mike Fracchia.[85] The 1961 Alabama football team was selected national champions by the AP Poll and Coaches' Poll.[86]
- 1964 — The 1964 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Bear Bryant, completed the regular season 10–0–0, winning the Southeastern Conference championship. Alabama was led by quarterback Joe Namath. Alabama was then invited to play the Texas Longhorns in the January 1, 1965 Orange Bowl. Coach Bryant's team lost to the Longhorns 21–17 to finish the season 10–1–0. The outstanding player of the game was Joe Namath.[85] The 1964 Alabama football team was selected national champions by the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll prior to bowl games.[86] Because of the controversy with Alabama being selected over undefeated Arkansas, the AP Poll decided to wait until after the bowl games to select their champion for the 1965 season.[citation needed]
- 1965 — The 1965 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Bear Bryant, completed the regular season 8–1–1, winning the Southeastern Conference championship. The Tide lost to Georgia and tied Tennessee during the regular season. Alabama was then invited to play Nebraska in the January 1, 1966 Orange Bowl. Coach Bryant's team defeated the Cornhuskers 39–28 to finish the season 9–1–1. The outstanding player of the game was Steve Sloan.[85] The 1965 Alabama football team was selected national champions by the AP Poll.[86]
- 1973 — The 1973 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Bear Bryant, completed the regular season 11–0–0, winning the Southeastern Conference championship. Alabama was then invited to play Notre Dame in the December 31, 1973 Sugar Bowl. Coach Bryant's team lost to the Fighting Irish 24–23 to finish the season 11–1–0. The 1973 Alabama football team was selected national champions in the final regular season Coaches' Poll, which was finalized prior to the post-season bowl games.[86] Because of the controversy after the bowl loss,[citation needed] the Coaches' Poll began selecting their champion after the bowl games starting in 1974. The post-bowl game AP poll ranked Alabama 4th, and selected Notre Dame as its national champion.[92]
- 1978 — The 1978 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Bear Bryant, completed the regular season 10–1–0, winning the Southeastern Conference championship. The Tide defeated #10–ranked Nebraska 20–3, and defeated #11–ranked Missouri 38–20, and lost to Southern Cal during the regular season. The #2-ranked Alabama Crimson Tide was then invited to play the #1–ranked Penn State in the January 1, 1979 Sugar Bowl. Coach Bryant's team defeated the Nittany Lions 14–7 to finish the season 11–1–0. The outstanding player of the game was linebacker Barry Krauss.[85] The 1978 Alabama football team was selected national champions by the AP Poll.[86]
- 1979 — The 1979 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Bear Bryant, completed the regular season 11–0–0, winning the Southeastern Conference championship. The Tide defeated #18–ranked Tennessee 27–17, and defeated #14–ranked Auburn University 25–18 during the regular season. Alabama was then invited to play #6–ranked Arkansas in the January 1, 1980 Sugar Bowl. Coach Bryant's team defeated the Razorbacks 24–9 to finish the season 12–0–0. The outstanding player of the game was running back Major Ogilvie.[85] The 1979 Alabama football team was selected national champions by the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.[86]
- 1992 — The 1992 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Gene Stallings, completed the regular season 11–0–0. They then defeated #12–ranked Florida in the inaugural SEC Championship Game, defeating the Gators 28–21; the win gave Alabama its 20th SEC title and a record of 12–0–0. Alabama was then invited to play #1–ranked Miami, led by Heisman trophy winner Gino Torretta, in the January 1, 1993 Sugar Bowl. Coach Stallings' team defeated the Hurricanes 34–13 to finish the season 13–0–0. The outstanding player of the game was Derrick Lassic.[85] The 1992 Alabama football team was awarded the national championship by the AP Poll and the Coaches' Poll.[86]
- 2009 — The 2009 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Nick Saban, finished with a 12–0 regular season. In the 12 wins, the Crimson Tide defeated four teams that were ranked at the time, including an opening day victory over No. 7 Virginia Tech in Atlanta. The team headed back to the Georgia Dome in December to face off against #1 Florida in the SEC Championship Game. They defeated the Gators 32–13 in a rematch of the previous year's championship.[77] Alabama then traveled to Pasadena to face #2-ranked Texas in the 2010 BCS National Championship Game at the Rose Bowl. Alabama's Heisman winning running back Mark Ingram rushed for 116 yards and two touchdowns in a 37–21 win.[78] This was Alabama's first victory over Texas (1–7–1). Ingram was named the game's offensive MVP in Alabama's first BCS victory. The 2009 Alabama football team was selected national champions by the AP and Coaches' Polls. The 2009 squad became the first FBS division team to defeat six teams ranked in the AP Top 25 during one season and received a record six first team AP All-America selections.
- 2011 — The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team, coached by Nick Saban, completed the regular season 11–1–0. Their only loss of the season came to the LSU Tigers in overtime by a score of 9–6. They did not play in the SEC championship game because of that loss, but won convincingly in their final 3 regular-season games to receive a No. 2 ranking in the BCS poll. The Tide's last win of the regular season was against the previous year's national champions, the Auburn Tigers. Alabama, led by Heisman trophy finalist Trent Richardson, was then invited to play the #1–ranked LSU Tigers in the 2012 BCS National Championship Game. Coach Saban's team defeated the Tigers 21–0 to finish the season 12–1–0. Jeremy Shelley made a bowl record-tying five field goals in the game. The game's offensive MVP was A.J. McCarron, and the defensive MVP was Courtney Upshaw. With the win, Alabama became the first team in college football to shut out their opponent in a BCS bowl game. The AP also awarded its National Title to Alabama for the 8th time.
Conference championships[link]
Alabama has won a total of 26 conference championships, this includes 4 Southern Conference and 22 SEC Championships. Alabama captured its 4 Southern Conference titles in 1924, 1925, 1926, and 1930. Alabama captured the first SEC title in 1933 and has won a total of 22 SEC Championships (1933, 1934, 1937, 1945, 1953, 1961, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1981, 1989, 1992, 1999, and 2009). The school has won more SEC football titles than any other school, with three coming since the conference split into separate divisions and added a Championship Game. Alabama is the only SEC school to win an SEC Championship in every decade since the conference was founded in 1933.
Individual award winners[link]
First team All-Americans[link]
Main article: List of Alabama Crimson Tide football All-Americans
Every year, several publications release lists of the their ideal "team." The athletes on these lists are referred to as All-Americans. The NCAA recognizes five All-American lists. They are the Associated Press (AP), American Football Coaches Association (AFCA), Football Writers Association of America (FWAA), Sporting News (TSN), and the Walter Camp Football Foundation (WCFF). Alabama has had 103 players honored 120 times as first team All-Americans (47 consensus)[93][94] in its history, including 12 players honored twice and two players (Cornelius Bennett and Woodrow Lowe) who were honored three times.[95]
Following the end of the 2011 regular season, seven Alabama players were honored as first team All-Americans.[96][97][98][99][100]
- Mark Barron (AFCA, AP, FWAA, WCFF, TSN)
- Dont'a Hightower (AFCA, AP, WCFF)
- Barrett Jones (AP, AFCA, FWAA, WCFF, TSN)
- Dre Kirkpatrick (FWAA)
- DeQuan Menzie (AFCA)
- Trent Richardson (AP, AFCA, FWAA, WCFF, TSN)
- Courtney Upshaw (FWAA, TSN)
College Football Hall of Fame inductees[link]
In 1951, the College Football Hall of Fame opened in South Bend, Indiana. Since then, Alabama has had 19 players and 4 former coaches inducted into the Hall of Fame.[101][102] Alabama had two members inducted into the inaugural 1951 class—Don Hutson and Frank Thomas.[103]
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Individual award winners[link]
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Heisman Trophy[link]
On December 12, 2009, Mark Ingram became Alabama's first Heisman Trophy winner.[7] In the closest race ever, he edged out Stanford running back Toby Gerhart by 28 points.[7] The previous best finish for an Alabama player occurred in 1993, when David Palmer finished 3rd in the Heisman voting.[104][105]
Top 5 finishes for Alabama players:
| Year | Name | Position | Finish |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1937 | Joe Kilgrow | RB | 5th |
| 1945 | Harry Gilmer | RB | 5th |
| 1947 | Harry Gilmer | RB | 5th |
| 1961 | Pat Trammell | QB | 5th |
| 1962 | Lee Roy Jordan | LB | 4th |
| 1971 | Johnny Musso | RB | 5th |
| 1972 | Terry Davis | QB | 5th |
| 1993 | David Palmer | WR | 3rd |
| 1994 | Jay Barker | QB | 5th |
| 1999 | Shaun Alexander | RB | 5th |
| 2009 | Mark Ingram | RB | 1st |
| 2011 | Trent Richardson | RB | 3rd |
SEC Legends[link]
Main article: SEC Football Legends
Starting in 1994, the Southeastern Conference has annually honored one former football player from each of the twelve SEC member schools as an "SEC Legend." Through 2010, the following seventeen former Crimson Tide football players have been honored as SEC Legends.
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1994–2002 |
2003–2011 |
Rivalries[link]
Auburn[link]
Main article: Iron Bowl
The main rivalry of the Crimson Tide is against its in-state rival, Auburn University. The rivalry is considered to be one of the best and most hard-fought rivalries in all of sports.[106][107] The outcome of the game generally determines "bragging rights" in the state of Alabama until the following contest. Due to the intensity of the rivalry, many families, marriages, and other groups are split over their respective teams. The game may also have implications as to which team will represent the SEC Western Division in the SEC Championship Game. On February 22, 1893, at Lakeview Park in Birmingham, Auburn were victorious in the first ever Iron Bowl, 32–22. The series was suspended after the 1907 contest, due to violence and financial complications.[108] In 1944, Auburn suggested to reopen the series, though the Board of Trustees at Alabama rejected. However, the series was finally resumed in 1948—Alabama crushing the Tigers 55–0, which is still the largest margin of victory in the series.[109][110] In the following contest, Auburn shocked Alabama with a 14–13 victory, which is credited with helping revive the series.[111] For many years, the contest was held at Legion Field in Birmingham, before the teams began alternating between Bryant-Denny Stadium, in Tuscaloosa, and Jordan–Hare Stadium, in Auburn. Alabama currently leads the series at 41–34–1.[112] In 2009, Alabama defeated Auburn 26–21[113] for its first victory in Jordan–Hare since 2001. In 2010, Alabama lost to Auburn 27–28 at home, as Auburn rallied from a 24–0 second quarter deficit.[114] It was the largest lead blown in Alabama history.[115] Alabama won the recent meeting 42–14.
Tennessee[link]
Main article: Third Saturday in October
Despite the heated in-state rivalry with Auburn, Bear Bryant was more adamant about defeating his rivals to the north, the Tennessee Volunteers.[116] The series is named the Third Saturday in October, the traditional calendar date on which the game was played. Despite the name, the game has only been played on the third Saturday five times between 1995–2007. The first game between the two sides was played in 1901 in Birmingham, ending in a 6–6 tie. From 1902 to 1913, Alabama dominated the series, only losing once, and never allowing a touchdown by the Volunteers. Beginning in 1928, the rivalry was first played on its traditional date and began to be a challenge for the Tide as Robert Neyland began challenging Alabama for their perennial spot on top of the conference standings.[117] In the 1950s, Jim Goostree, the head trainer for Alabama, began another tradition as he began handing out cigars following a victory over the Volunteers.[118]
Between 1971–1981, Alabama held an eleven-game winning streak over the Volunteers and, between 1986–1994, a nine-game unbeaten streak. However, following Alabama's streak, Tennessee responded with a seven-game winning streak from 1995–2001. Alabama has won the last five meetings from 2007–2011. Alabama won the most recent meeting 37–6 in Tuscaloosa, and leads the series 48–38–7.[112]
LSU[link]
Main article: Alabama–LSU rivalry
A rivalry within the SEC Western Division occurs yearly between Alabama and the LSU Tigers. Starting in 1895, the Tigers were victorious 12–6 in the first meeting.[112] The teams did not regularly meet until the mid-1960s, during Alabama's dominance of the SEC. Between 1971–1981, the Crimson Tide won 11 consecutive times. In the 1969 game, LSU defeated Alabama 20–15 in Baton Rouge. Alabama did not lose again in Baton Rouge until 2000.
In 2007, the meeting was more heated following Alabama's hiring of head coach Nick Saban, who previously coached at LSU. With the hiring, many media outlets dubbed the 2007 meeting as the "Saban Bowl".[119][120][121] The Crimson Tide lost the first "Saban Bowl" in 2007, won the 2008 and 2009 meetings only to lose in Baton Rouge in 2010.
In 2011, the teams played as the consensus No. 1 and No. 2 ranked teams in the polls with LSU winning 9–6 in overtime. They played each other again for the BCS National Championship with Alabama winning 21–0 to secure its 14th National Championship. Alabama leads the head-to-head series at 46–25–5.[112]
All-time record vs. current SEC teams[link]
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Bowl games[link]
This is a partial list of the ten most recent bowl games Alabama competed in. For the full Alabama bowl game history, see List of Alabama Crimson Tide bowl games.
http://wn.com/Alabama_Crimson_Tide_football
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Alabama Crimson Tide | |
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| University | University of Alabama |
|---|---|
| Conference(s) | Southeastern Conference Conference USA[A 1] |
| NCAA | Division I / FBS |
| Athletics director | Mal Moore |
| Location | Tuscaloosa, AL |
| Varsity teams | 19 |
| Football stadium | Bryant-Denny Stadium |
| Basketball arena | Coleman Coliseum (men) Foster Auditorium (women) |
| Baseball stadium | Sewell-Thomas Stadium |
| Soccer stadium | Alabama Soccer Stadium |
| Other arenas | Rhoads Stadium Foster Auditorium Hank Crisp Indoor Facility Sam Bailey Track Stadium |
| Mascot | Big Al |
| Nickname | Crimson Tide |
| Fight song | Yea Alabama |
| Colors | Crimson and White
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| Homepage | RollTide.com |
The University of Alabama features 19 varsity sports teams. Both the male and female athletic teams are called the Crimson Tide. They participate in the NCAA's Division I as a member of the Southeastern Conference Western Division. In 2002, Sports Illustrated named Alabama the #26 best collegiate sports program in America.[1] Athletics facilities on the campus include the 101,821-seat Bryant-Denny Stadium, named after legendary football coach Paul "Bear" Bryant and former University President George Denny, and 15,316-seat Coleman Coliseum.
Main rivalries for the program include those with Auburn University and the University of Tennessee. The rivalry with the Auburn Tigers is especially heated, as the two compete annually in nearly all sports. The annual football meeting, nicknamed the Iron Bowl, is considered among the most intense college football rivalries, as well as one of the top rivalries in all sports—behind the New York Yankees–Boston Red Sox baseball rivalry according to Sports Illustrated and ESPN.[2] Other rivalries include those against Mississippi State University (baseball and basketball)- (Alabama-Mississippi State rivalry), Louisiana State University (football)- (Alabama-LSU rivalry), the University of Mississippi- (Alabama–Ole Miss rivalry), and the University of Georgia (women's gymnastics).
Contents |
Football[link]
Main article: Alabama Crimson Tide football
Further information: 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team
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University of Alabama law student William G. Little learned how to play American football while attending school in Andover, Massachusetts and began teaching the sport to fellow Alabama students in early 1892.[3][4] Later in the year, the school formed an official team of 19 players, with Little as captain and E. B. Beaumont as head coach. Early newspaper accounts of Alabama football simply listed the team as the "varsity" or the "Crimson White" after the school colors. Headline writers then made popular the nickname "The Thin Red Line". It was not until 1907 that the name "Crimson Tide" was used to describe Alabama. The name was supposedly first used by Hugh Roberts, former sports editor of the Birmingham Age-Herald. Roberts coined the nickname to describe the 1907 Alabama-Auburn game, played in a sea of mud. Although Auburn was favored to win, Alabama played well in the red mud and held Auburn to a 6-6 tie.
Since then, the program has won 22 SEC championships and accepted 14 national championships. In addition to the 14 championships claimed by the university, Alabama has been recognized by the NCAA as National Champions for the 1945, 1962, 1966, 1967, and 1977 college football seasons.[5] However, those championships are not claimed by Alabama.[6][7] On January 9, 2012, Alabama finished the season ranked #2 and beat #1 LSU 21-0 in the BCS Championship game to take the BCS national title.
The team has also made 58 bowl appearances throughout their history, beginning with the 1926 Rose Bowl to, the most recent, the 2012 BCS National Championship Game. In those bowls, Alabama has a 33–22–3 record. Since 1913, Alabama has 98 first team All-Americans, 29 consensus. In 2009, Alabama also recorded their first Heisman Trophy winner, Mark Ingram, in the closest Heisman Trophy race.[8]
Men's basketball[link]
Main article: Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball
Further information: 2011–12 Alabama Crimson Tide men's basketball team
Alabama's men's basketball program has been overshadowed for most of its history by football. However, in recent years, the men's basketball program has risen in stature nationally, achieving a No. 1 national ranking briefly in 2002. UA has become a regular conference basketball contender much as it was in the '80s under the direction of Coach Wimp Sanderson. Under head coach and former point guard Mark Gottfried, the Tide advanced to postseason play for six consecutive years, culminating with the team's advancement into the Elite Eight of the NCAA Tournament for the first time in school history in 2004, where the team lost to eventual champion Connecticut in the Phoenix Regional Final.
In January 2009, Head Coach Mark Gottfried resigned after eleven years at Alabama. Soon afterwards Anthony Grant was hired as the new Head Coach. Under his watch the Crimson Tide battled through a tough first year, finishing 17-15 and falling short of an NCAA Tournament bid, yet achieving a top 10 ranking in points allowed. Grant's second, and current, season with the Tide was much brighter. Although falling short of an NCAA Tournament bid yet again, they were able to win the SEC Western Division Championship, finishing 12-4 in the SEC with an overall record of 21-11. They entered the NIT Tournament with a #1 seed and made it to the final four, winning three more home games within the NIT Tournament. Also they were able to stay unbeaten at home with a perfect 19-0 season, a school record.
Women's basketball[link]
Main article: Alabama Crimson Tide women's basketball
Alabama's women's basketball team, compete in Foster Auditorium. The team played its first game in 1974 and has been a varsity sport ever since. The team has had eight head coaches, including Rick Moody, who guided the club to the 1994 NCAA Women's Final Four. Wendell Hudson was named head coach on March 15, 2008, replacing Stephany Smith.
The Crimson Tide has appeared in 10 Tournaments for the NCAA Women's Division I Basketball Championship, including an eight-year streak of consecutive appearances in the tournament stretching from 1992 to 1999. In 10 NCAA tournament appearances, Alabama has advanced to the "Sweet Sixteen" six times and the "Elite Eight" and the "Final Four" in 1994. The most successful season was 1996-1997 when the Tide finished in second place in the Southeastern Conference (10-2 record) and had a midseason national ranking of #2 in polls by the AP and USA Today (November 12, 1996), and finished with a 25-7 overall record. The University of Alabama Women's Basketball program shares the national record with Duke University for the most total points for both teams when Alabama defeated Duke 121-120 (in four overtimes) in 1995 in the NCAA Tournament, a game that ESPN has declared as one of the best all-time women's basketball tournament games.[9] Seven former players for the University of Alabama have made rosters of teams of the WNBA. Alabama has had an active player in the WNBA through every year of its existence. The current head coach for the Crimson Tide is Wendell Hudson. The team played its first season of 1974–75 in Foster Auditorium, but moved to what is now Coleman Coliseum the following season. After Foster Auditorium was extensively renovated in a project that began in 2009, the Tide returned to their original home on February 13, 2011.
Baseball[link]
Main article: Alabama Crimson Tide baseball
Further information: 2012 Alabama Crimson Tide baseball team
Alabama also has a winning tradition in baseball. The Crimson Tide is tied with LSU for the most SEC titles with 14 regular season titles. Alabama also leads the conference with 7 SEC Tournament Championships.[10] Tide baseball teams have participated in the NCAA College World Series five times (1950, 1983, 1996, 1997, 1999), finishing second in 1983 and 1997. Home games are played at Sewell-Thomas Stadium. They are currently coached by head coach Mitch Gaspard and assistant coaches Andy Phillips and Dax Norris.
Softball[link]
Main article: Alabama Crimson Tide softball
Further information: 2012 Alabama Crimson Tide softball season
The Alabama softball team was started in 1997. They are currently coached by head coach Patrick Murphy and assistant coaches Alyson Habetz and Stephanie VanBrakle. They have won six Southeastern Conference championships (two regular seasons and four tournaments), made 13 consecutive NCAA tournaments (every year since 1999) and have advanced to the Women's College World Series 7 times, including back-to-back 3rd place finishes in the 2008 and 2009 series. The team's current overall record stands at 707–224 (.759). Alabama has won the SEC Softball Tournament four times (1998, 2003, 2005, 2010).
Golf[link]
Main article: Alabama Crimson Tide golf
Alabama's men's and women's golf teams have become two of the top programs in the nation since head coaches Jay Seawell (men) and Mic Potter (women) took over in the 2002 and 2006 respectively. They have combined to make the NCAA Tournament 13 out of 14 chances since they arrived, and have each lead their teams to a Southeastern Conference Championship. Overall the Crimson Tide golf teams have combined to make the NCAA Tournament 31 times, won the SEC Championship 3 times, and have had over 30 players honored as All-Americans. The men's golf program finished 6th in the nation in 2007 while being consistently ranked in the top three in the 2007–2008 season. The home course for the Tide has been the Ol' Colony Golf Complex since 2005.
The Crimson Tide currently has two of the best teams in the country with the women ranked #1, and men ranked #4, by Golf Week.[11]
Gymnastics[link]
Main article: Alabama Crimson Tide gymnastics
The women's gymnastics squad at The University of Alabama first competed in 1975. The squad did not have a winning season until the arrival of Sarah Patterson in 1979. In the intervening 33 years under Patterson and her husband David, the squad has won 5 national championships, 7 SEC championships, 26 regional titles, and 248 All-American honors. It has placed in the top 5 at the NCAA Championships 25 of the past 29 years and won national championships six times: in 1988, 1991, 1996, 2002, and most recently won back to back titles in 2011 and 2012. Alabama has also won 7 SEC Championships including 1988, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2003, 2009, and 2011. The gymnastics squad also hosts an annual fundraiser for breast cancer, where the crowd is encouraged to "Think Pink" and support the cause by turning out in pink clothing. As of the 2009 fundraiser, the effort had raised in excess of $750,000.[12]
Gymnastics meets have an average attendance of over 13,000 at Coleman Coliseum. Meets against the team's arch-rival, the University of Georgia Gymdogs, often sell out. Alabama holds seven of the eleven NCAA records for the largest gymnastics crowds of all time, including an attendance of 15,162 fans on January 20, 2006. Alabama's gymnastics team competes in Coleman Coliseum.
Women's rowing[link]
Women's rowing is the most recent addition to Alabama's list of varsity athletics. Mal Moore announced the addition of Alabama's 21st varsity sport in October 2005. The women's rowing team became the newest varsity sport at The University of Alabama in Fall 2006. The team was added due to the NCAA's Title IX and allows for 20 full scholarships.[13] Taking only girls who had previously rowed for the Alabama Crew Club (est. 1987) and other walk-ons, Head Coach Larry Davis built the program from the ground up. In the first year of competition (2006–2007), the Tide defeated the University of Cincinnati, Creighton University, and Murray State University and also won medals at the Head of the Chattahoochee and the Head of the South.
The second year (2007–2008) of competition surprised many as the Varsity 8 went on to win silver medals at the prestigious Head of the Charles Regatta in Boston, MA and also the Southern Intercollegiate Rowing Association Championships in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. The Tide again medaled at the Chattanooga Head Race and the Head of the South and recorded several match race victories against Southern Methodist University, Creighton, Murray State, Drake University, and the University of North Carolina. The team also landed three boats in the top 10 of their categories at the Dad Vail Regatta in Philadelphia.[14]
Within two years, the team has had 25 athletes earn SEC Academic Honor Roll honors and 16 earn Collegiate Rowing Coaches Association Scholar-Athlete awards. For the 2007-2008 school year, Women's Rowing won the team service award by posting the most number of community service hours (over 1500) out of all women's sports at Alabama. Nationally, the Alabama women's rowing team has won both silver (in 2007) and bronze (in 2009) medals in the women's championship 8+ category at the Head of the Charles regatta in Boston.
Women's soccer[link]
Women's soccer was a varsity sport from 1986 to 1988, and was revived in 1994. Former Head Coach Don Staley had been with the program since 1994, but stepped down at the end of the 2007 season. He was replaced with former Clemson University head coach Todd Bramble. The team has won the SEC West three times (1995, 97, 98) and participated in the NCAA Women's Soccer Championship in 1999 and 2011. In 2005, senior Libby Probst earned third team All America honors and the SEC Scholar-Athlete of the Year award after breaking almost every major offensive record in her career at "The Capstone". The team currently plays its home games at the Alabama Soccer Stadium.
Volleyball[link]
Main article: Alabama Crimson Tide volleyball
The Alabama women's volleyball is coached by Ed Allen, who was hired on January 10, 2011. The team has competed in the NCAA Women's Volleyball Championship in 2005, 2006, and 2007. The team won the SEC Western Division Championship in 2000 and 2004, and was the SEC Volleyball Tournament Runner-up in 2005. In 2000, the Alabama Volleyball team achieved the nation's best team-GPA among Division I Volleyball teams. Past coaches for Alabama Volleyball have included Stephanie Schleuder, Dorothy Franco-Reed, and Judy Green.
Other varsity sports[link]
Additional varsity sports at the University include tennis, cross country, swimming and diving, and track and field. The University supports both men's and women's programs in all of these sports. The school has had individual success in all of these sports, including Vladislav Polyakov winning national titles in the 200-meter men's breaststroke in 2005 and 2007. The University also has two cheerleading squads (The "Crimson Squad" and "White Squad") and a dance team known as the Crimson Cabaret who compete annually at the UCA/UDA College Nationals. The Cheerleading squad won 2011 College Cheerleading National Championship.
Club sports[link]
The University of Alabama through University Recreation also fields a number of club sports of varying degrees of competitiveness, though most compete only with other teams from the southeastern part of the country. The club sports include men's volleyball, men's rowing (crew), cricket, cycling, disc golf, ice hockey, lacrosse, racquetball, rugby, men's soccer, team handball, table tennis, triathlon, ultimate frisbee, wheelchair basketball, water polo, water skiing, bass fishing, and wrestling.
Ice Hockey[link]
Men's Ice Hockey team known as the Frozen Tide competes intercollegiately in Southeastern Collegiate Hockey Conference (SECHC) of the American Collegiate Hockey Association (ACHA) at the ACHA Division III level.[15] Since 2006, Bama Hockey and the Frozen Tide has hosted sporting events for the Greater-Birmingham area at the Pelham Civic Center.[16][17]
Lacrosse[link]
The men's lacrosse team competes in the SouthEastern Lacrosse Conference of the Men's Collegiate Lacrosse Association at the Division I level. [18] The team plays at the University Recreation Fields and is coached by Randy Nace. The team was founded by Steven Shipowitz. The Crimson Tide made their first ever appearance in the SELC Tournament in 2012, losing to the Florida State Seminoles 22-9.
Athletic Academics[link]
Alabama consistently fields student-athletes who excel in the classroom as well as on the field. The University of Alabama is tied for fifth in the nation for the number of Academic-All Americans since 2000 from all universities. Among BCS conference schools in this category, Alabama trails only Nebraska, Notre Dame, and Penn State.[citation needed]
Notes[link]
- ^ Alabama Crimson Tide teams compete in the Southeastern Conference for all sports excluding rowing, which competes in Conference USA.
References[link]
- ^ "America's Best Sports Colleges". Sports Illustrated. 2002-10-07. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/si_online/news/2002/10/01/11_100/. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ "The 10 greatest rivalries". ESPN. 2005-01-03. http://espn.go.com/endofcentury/s/other/bestrivalries.html. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ "History of Alabama Football". The University of Alabama. http://web.archive.org/web/20081205041602/http://rolltidebama.com/history.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ "Football's Origin at Alabama". The University of Alabama. http://www.rolltide.com/trads/football-origin.html. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ "Past Division I-A Football National Champions". NCAA. http://www.ncaa.org/wps/ncaa?key=/ncaa/NCAA/Sports%20and%20Championship/General%20Information/ia_football_past_champs.html. Retrieved 2009-12-29. [dead link]
- ^ "National Championships". University of Alabama Athletics. http://www.rolltide.com/fls/8000/files/files/14260.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-02.
- ^ "NCAA History". NCAA. http://www.ncaa.com/default.php?id=91434. Retrieved 2008-11-08. [dead link]
- ^ "Awards and the NFL" (PDF). University of Alabama Athletics. http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/alab/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/history-allamericans.pdf. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
- ^ Sports.espn.go.com
- ^ "2006 Media Guide" (PDF). http://www.rolltide.com/fls/8000/files/baseball/2006/mediaguide/1-29.pdf. Retrieved June 21, 2006.
- ^ Golfweek/Sagarin Performance Index
- ^ Walsh, Christopher. "‘Power of Pink’ draws green", The Tuscaloosa News, February 26, 2009. Retrieved on May 17, 2009.
- ^ Rolltide.com
- ^ Rolltide.com
- ^ NCBsports.msnbc.com
- ^ CW.ua.edu
- ^ [1]. Shelbycountyreporter.com
- ^ [2]
Further reading[link]
- Anderson, Lars (May 23, 2011). "Terror, Tragedy And Hope In Tuscaloosa: On April 27 the most devastating tornado in Alabama history cut nearly a mile-wide swath through the university town, killing 41. Crimson Tide athletes, haunted by the storm and its aftermath, work to heal a community that has always cheered them on as they try to put their own lives back together". SI.com. Sports Illustrated. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1186008/index.htm. Retrieved 2011-06-09.
External links[link]
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http://wn.com/Alabama_Crimson_Tide
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Crimson Tide de l'Alabama
http://de.wn.com/Alabama Crimson Tide
http://pl.wn.com/Alabama Crimson Tide
http://es.wn.com/Alabama Crimson Tide
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alabama_Crimson_Tide
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. state of Alabama. For other uses, see Alabama (disambiguation).
| State of Alabama | |||||
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| Nickname(s): Yellowhammer State; Heart of Dixie; Cotton State | |||||
| Motto(s): Audemus jura nostra defendere (Latin) | |||||
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| Official language(s) | English | ||||
| Spoken language(s) | English (96.17%) Spanish (2.12%) |
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| Demonym | Alabamian[1] | ||||
| Capital | Montgomery | ||||
| Largest city | Birmingham 212,237 (2010 census) |
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| Largest metro area | Greater Birmingham Area | ||||
| Area | Ranked 30th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 52,419 sq mi (135,765 km2) |
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| - Width | 190 miles (305 km) | ||||
| - Length | 330 miles (531 km) | ||||
| - % water | 3.20 | ||||
| - Latitude | 30° 11′ N to 35° N | ||||
| - Longitude | 84° 53′ W to 88° 28′ W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 23rd in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 4,802,740 (2011 est)[2] | ||||
| - Density | 94.6/sq mi (36.5/km2) Ranked 27th in the U.S. |
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| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | Mount Cheaha[3][4][5] 2,413 ft (735.5 m) |
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| - Mean | 500 ft (150 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Gulf of Mexico[4] sea level |
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| Before statehood | Alabama Territory | ||||
| Admission to Union | December 14, 1819 (22nd) | ||||
| Governor | Robert J. Bentley (R) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Kay Ivey (R) | ||||
| Legislature | Alabama Legislature | ||||
| - Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| U.S. Senators | Richard Shelby (R) Jeff Sessions (R) |
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| U.S. House delegation | 6 Republicans, 1 Democrat (list) | ||||
| Time zones | |||||
| - most of state | Central: UTC -6/-5 | ||||
| - Phenix City, Alabama area | Eastern: UTC −5/−4 | ||||
| Abbreviations | AL Ala. US-AL | ||||
| Website | alabama.gov | ||||
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| The Flag of Alabama. | |
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| Animate insignia | |
| Amphibian | Red Hills salamander |
| Bird(s) | Yellowhammer, Wild Turkey |
| Butterfly | Eastern Tiger Swallowtail |
| Fish | Largemouth bass, Fighting tarpon |
| Flower(s) | Camellia, Oak-leaf Hydrangea |
| Insect | Monarch Butterfly |
| Mammal(s) | American Black Bear, Racking horse |
| Reptile | Alabama red-bellied turtle |
| Tree | Longleaf Pine |
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| Inanimate insignia | |
| Beverage | Conecuh Ridge Whiskey |
| Colors | Red, White |
| Dance | Square Dance |
| Food | Pecan, Blackberry, Peach |
| Fossil | Basilosaurus |
| Gemstone | Star Blue Quartz |
| Mineral | Hematite |
| Rock | Marble |
| Shell | Johnstone's Junonia |
| Slogan(s) | Share The Wonder, Alabama the beautiful, Where America finds its voice, Sweet Home Alabama |
| Soil | Bama |
| Song(s) | Alabama (song) |
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Alabama (
i/ˌæləˈbæmə/) is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama is the 30th-most extensive and the 23rd-most populous of the 50 United States. Alabama ranks second in the area of its inland waterways.
From the American Civil War until World War II, Alabama, like many Southern states, suffered economic hardship, in part because of continued dependence on agriculture. Despite the growth of major industries and urban centers, white rural interests dominated the state legislature until the 1960s, while urban interests and African Americans were under-represented.[6] Following World War II, Alabama experienced growth as the economy of the state transitioned from agriculture to diversified interests in heavy manufacturing, mineral extraction, education, and technology. In addition, the establishment or expansion of multiple military installations, primarily those of the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force, added to state jobs.
Alabama is unofficially nicknamed the Yellowhammer State, after the state bird. Alabama is also known as the "Heart of Dixie." The state tree is the Longleaf Pine, the state flower is the Camellia. The capital of Alabama is Montgomery. The largest city by population is Birmingham. The largest city by total land area is Huntsville. The oldest city is Mobile, founded by French colonists.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Alabama
Etymology[link]
The Alabama people, a Muskogean-speaking tribe whose members lived just below the confluence of the Coosa and Tallapoosa Rivers on the upper reaches of the Alabama River,[7] served as the etymological source of the names of the river and state. In the Alabama language, the word for an Alabama person is Albaamo (or variously Albaama or Albàamo in different dialects; the plural form "Alabama persons" is Albaamaha).[8] The word Alabama is believed to have originated from the Choctaw language[9] and was later adopted by the Alabama tribe as their name.[10] The spelling of the word varies significantly between sources.[10] The first usage appears in three accounts of the Hernando de Soto expedition of 1540 with Garcilasso de la Vega using Alibamo, while the Knight of Elvas and Rodrigo Ranjel wrote Alibamu and Limamu, respectively.[10] As early as 1702, the tribe was known to the French as Alibamon with French maps identifying the river as Rivière des Alibamons.[7] Other spellings of the appellation have included Alibamu, Alabamo, Albama, Alebamon, Alibama, Alibamou, Alabamu, and Allibamou.[10][11][12][13]
Although the origin of Alabama could be discerned, sources disagree on its meaning. An 1842 article in the Jacksonville Republican originated the idea that the meaning was "Here We Rest."[10] This notion was popularized in the 1850s through the writings of Alexander Beaufort Meek.[10] Experts in the Muskogean languages have been unable to find any evidence to support such a translation.[7][10] Scholars believe the word comes from the Choctaw alba (meaning "plants" or "weeds") and amo (meaning "to cut", "to trim", or "to gather").[9][10][14] The meaning may have been "clearers of the thicket"[9] or "herb gatherers"[14][15] which may refer to clearing of land for cultivation[11] or to collecting medicinal plants.[15]
Indigenous peoples, early history[link]
Indigenous peoples of varying cultures lived in the area for thousands of years before European colonization. Trade with the Northeast via the Ohio River began during the Burial Mound Period (1000 BC–AD 700) and continued until European contact.[16] The agrarian Mississippian culture covered most of the state from AD 1000 to 1600, with one of its major centers being at the Moundville Archaeological Site in Moundville, Alabama.[17][18] Analysis of artifacts recovered from archaeological excavations at Moundville were the basis of scholars' formulating the characteristics of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex (SECC).[19] Contrary to popular belief, the SECC appears to have no direct links to Mesoamerican culture, but developed independently. The Ceremonial Complex represents a major component of the religion of the Mississippian peoples; it is one of the primary means by which their religion is understood.[20]
Among the historical tribes of Native American people living in the area of present-day Alabama at the time of European contact were Iroquoian-speaking Cherokee, and the Muskogean-speaking Alabama (Alibamu), Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Koasati, and Mobile.[21]
European settlement[link]
The French founded the first European settlement in the region at Old Mobile, in 1702.[22] The area was French from 1702 to 1763; part of British West Florida from 1763 to 1780. Thomas Bassett was the first British settler in the state. He settled near what is now Tombigbee River in Washington County.[23] Alabama became part of Spanish West Florida from 1780 to 1810; part of the independent Republic of West Florida for a short time (90 days); annexed by the U.S. and added to the Territory of Orleans (1810); and, finally, added to the Mississippi Territory in 1812. Throughout these later developments, however, the Spanish had kept a nominal (although largely ignored) governmental presence in the region, based out of Mobile. When Andrew Jackson's forces occupied Mobile in 1814 —while preparing for the Battle of New Orleans —he demonstrated the United States' de facto authority over the region, effectively ending Spanish governance (though not its claim), while gaining an unencumbered passage to the gulf.[24]
The area making up today's northern and central Alabama, known as the Yazoo lands, had been claimed by the Province of Georgia after 1767. Following the Revolutionary War, it remained a part of the state of Georgia —although heavily disputed. Conflicting claims to the area were held, first by several Native American tribes (most notably the Chickamauga-Cherokee and Yazoo), by other states (e.g. South Carolina); and by the US federal government; Britain and Spain. In 1802, the region was joined to the Mississippi Territory. Individual statehood was delayed, however, by the territory's lack of a coastline.[citation needed]
Statehood, Civil War, and Reconstruction[link]
Alabama was admitted to the Union in 1819 as the 22nd state. Part of the frontier in the 1820s and 1830s, its constitution provided for universal suffrage for white men. Settlers rapidly arrived to take advantage of the fertile soil. Southeastern planters and traders from the Upper South brought slaves with them as the cotton plantations expanded. The economy of the central "Black Belt" (named for its dark, productive soil) was built around large cotton plantations whose owners' wealth grew largely from slave labor.[25] The area also drew many poor, disfranchised people who became subsistence farmers. The 1860 census records show that enslaved Africans comprised 45% of the state's total population of 964,201. There were only 2,690 free persons of color living in Alabama at the time.
From 1826 to 1846, Tuscaloosa served as the capital of Alabama. On January 30, 1846, the Alabama legislature announced that it had voted to remove the capital city from Tuscaloosa to Montgomery. The first legislative session in the new capital met in December 1847. In time, a Capitol building was erected under the direction of a Philadelphia, Pennsylvania architect. The original structure burnt down in 1849 but was rebuilt in 1851 following the original plans.[26]
On January 11, 1861, Alabama declared its secession from the Union and joined the Confederate States of America. While few battles were fought in the state, Alabama contributed about 120,000 soldiers to the American Civil War. Alabama's slaves were freed by the 13th Amendment in 1865.[27] During Reconstruction, the new state legislators created a public school system for the first time, as well as establishing some welfare institutions to help its people. Alabama was officially restored to the Union in 1868.
After the Civil War, the state was still chiefly agricultural, with an economy tied to cotton. Planters resisted working with free labor during Reconstruction and sought to re-establish controls over freedmen. In the early years the Ku Klux Klan had numerous independent chapters in Alabama that attacked freedmen and other Republicans. After it was suppressed, insurgent whites organized paramilitary groups, such as the Red Shirts and White League, that acted more openly to suppress black voting. Regaining power by the late 1870s, in the last decade of the 19th century, white Democrats passed electoral laws disfranchise most blacks and many poor whites.[28] Having regained power in the state legislature, Democrats passed Jim Crow laws, including racial segregation in public facilities, to restore white supremacy in the society.
In 1875, the state passed the Blaine Amendment, to prohibit public money from being used to finance Catholic schools.[29]
1900–1960[link]
The new 1901 Constitution of Alabama effectively disfranchised African Americans and many poor whites through voting restrictions, including literacy requirements. While the planter class had persuaded poor whites to support these legislative efforts, the new restrictions resulted in disfranchising poor whites as well, due mostly to imposition of a cumulative poll tax.
In 1900, 14 Black Belt counties had more than 79,000 voters on the rolls.[clarification needed] By June 1, 1903, the number of[clarification needed] registered voters had dropped to 1,081. In 1900, Alabama had more than 181,000 African Americans eligible to vote. By 1903, only 2,980 had qualified to register, although at least 74,000 black voters were literate.[30]
By 1941, a total of more whites than blacks had been disfranchised: 600,000 whites to 520,000 blacks.[30] Nearly all African Americans lost the ability to vote.
The disfranchisement was ended by African Americans' leading the Civil Rights Movement and gaining Federal legislation in the mid-1960s to protect their voting and civil rights. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 also protected the suffrage of poor whites.
The rural-dominated Alabama legislature consistently underfunded schools and services for the disfranchised African Americans in the segregated state, but did not relieve them of paying taxes.[25] Continued racial discrimination, agricultural depression, and the failure of the cotton crops due to boll weevil infestation led tens of thousands of African Americans to seek opportunities in northern cities. They left Alabama in the early 20th century as part of the Great Migration to industrial jobs and better futures in northern industrial cities. The population growth rate in Alabama (see "Historical Populations" table below) dropped by nearly half from 1910 to 1920, reflecting the effect of emigration.
At the same time, many rural whites and blacks migrated to the city of Birmingham for work in new industrial jobs. It experienced such rapid growth that it was nicknamed "The Magic City." By the 1920s, Birmingham was the 19th largest city in the U.S. and held more than 30% of the population of the state. Heavy industry and mining were the basis of the economy.[31]
Industrial development related to the demands of World War II brought prosperity.[25] Cotton faded in importance as the state developed a manufacturing and service base. In the 1960s under Governor George Wallace, many whites in the state opposed federal integration efforts in schools and public facilities.
1960–present[link]
Despite massive population changes in the state from 1901 to 1961, the rural-dominated legislature refused to reapportion House and Senate seats based on population. They held on to old representation to maintain political and economic power in agricultural areas. In addition, the state legislature gerrymandered the few Birmingham legislative seats to ensure election by persons living outside Birmingham.
One result was that Jefferson County, containing Birmingham's industrial and economic powerhouse, contributed more than one-third of all tax revenue to the state, but did not receive a proportional amount in services. Urban interests were consistently underrepresented in the legislature. A 1960 study noted that because of rural domination, "A minority of about 25 per cent of the total state population is in majority control of the Alabama legislature."[6]
African Americans were presumed partial to Republicans for historical reasons, but they were disfranchised. White Alabamans felt bitter towards the Republican Party in the aftermath of the Civil War and Reconstruction. These factors created a longstanding tradition that any candidate who wanted to be viable with white voters had to run as a Democrat regardless of political beliefs.
During the Civil Rights Movement, African Americans achieved a protection of voting and other civil rights through the passage of the national Civil Rights Act of 1964,[32] and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. De jure segregation ended in the states as Jim Crow laws were invalidated or repealed.[33]
Under the Voting Rights Act of 1965, cases were filed in Federal courts to force Alabama to redistrict by population both the House and Senate of the state legislature. In 1972, for the first time since 1901, the legislature implemented the Alabama constitution's provision for periodic redistricting based on population. This benefited the urban areas that had developed, as well as all in the population who had been underrepresented for more than 60 years.[6]
After 1972, the state's white voters shifted much of their support to Republican candidates in presidential elections (as also occurred in neighboring southern states). Since 1990 the majority of whites in the state have voted increasingly Republican in state elections. In 2010, Republicans won control of both houses of the legislature for the first time in 136 years.[34]
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Alabama
See also: List of Alabama counties and Geology of Alabama
Alabama is the thirtieth-largest state in the United States with 52,419 square miles (135,760 km2) of total area: 3.2% of the area is water, making Alabama 23rd in the amount of surface water, also giving it the second-largest inland waterway system in the United States.[35] About three-fifths of the land area is a gentle plain with a general descent towards the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico. The North Alabama region is mostly mountainous, with the Tennessee River cutting a large valley creating numerous creeks, streams, rivers, mountains, and lakes.[36]
The states bordering Alabama are Tennessee to the north; Georgia to the east; Florida to the south; and Mississippi to the west. Alabama has coastline at the Gulf of Mexico, in the extreme southern edge of the state.[36] Alabama ranges in elevation from sea level[37] at Mobile Bay to over 1,800 feet (550 m) in the Appalachian Mountains in the northeast. The highest point is Mount Cheaha,[36] at a height of 2,413 ft (735 m).[38] Alabama's land consists of 22 million acres (89,000 km2) of forest or 67% of total land area.[39] Suburban Baldwin County, along the Gulf Coast, is the largest county in the state in both land area and water area.[40]
Areas in Alabama administered by the National Park Service include Horseshoe Bend National Military Park near Alexander City; Little River Canyon National Preserve near Fort Payne; Russell Cave National Monument in Bridgeport; Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site in Tuskegee; and Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site near Tuskegee.[41] Additionally, Alabama has four National Forests: Conecuh, Talladega, Tuskegee, and William B. Bankhead.[42] Alabama also contains the Natchez Trace Parkway, the Selma To Montgomery National Historic Trail, and the Trail Of Tears National Historic Trail. A notable natural wonder in Alabama is "Natural Bridge" rock, the longest natural bridge east of the Rockies, located just south of Haleyville.
A 5-mile (8 km)-wide meteorite impact crater is located in Elmore County, just north of Montgomery. This is the Wetumpka crater, the site of "Alabama's greatest natural disaster." A 1,000-foot (300 m)-wide meteorite hit the area about 80 million years ago.[43] The hills just east of downtown Wetumpka showcase the eroded remains of the impact crater that was blasted into the bedrock, with the area labeled the Wetumpka crater or astrobleme ("star-wound") because of the concentric rings of fractures and zones of shattered rock that can be found beneath the surface.[44] In 2002, Christian Koeberl with the Institute of Geochemistry University of Vienna published evidence and established the site as 157th recognized impact crater on Earth.[45]
Urban areas[link]
Main article: List of Metropolitan areas of Alabama
See also: List of cities in Alabama
| Rank | Metropolitan Area | Population (2010 Census) |
Counties |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Birmingham-Hoover | 1,128,047 | Bibb, Blount, Chilton, Jefferson, St. Clair, Shelby, Walker |
| 2 | Huntsville | 417,593 | Limestone, Madison |
| 3 | Mobile | 412,992 | Mobile |
| 4 | Montgomery | 374,536 | Autauga, Elmore, Lowndes, Montgomery |
| 5 | Tuscaloosa | 219,461 | Greene, Hale, Tuscaloosa |
| 6 | Decatur | 153,829 | Lawrence, Morgan |
| 7 | Florence-Muscle Shoals | 147,137 | Colbert, Lauderdale |
| 8 | Dothan | 145,639 | Geneva, Henry, Houston |
| 9 | Auburn-Opelika | 140,247 | Lee |
| 10 | Anniston-Oxford | 112,249 | Calhoun |
| 11 | Gadsden | 104,430 | Etowah |
| Total | 3,362,483 |
| Rank | City | Population (2010 Census) |
County |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Birmingham | 212,237 | Jefferson |
| 2 | Montgomery | 205,764 | Montgomery |
| 3 | Mobile | 195,111 | Mobile |
| 4 | Huntsville | 180,105 | Madison Limestone |
| 5 | Tuscaloosa | 90,468 | Tuscaloosa |
| 6 | Hoover | 81,619 | Jefferson Shelby |
| 7 | Dothan | 65,496 | Houston |
| 8 | Decatur | 55,683 | Morgan Limestone |
| 9 | Auburn | 53,380 | Lee |
| 10 | Madison | 42,938 | Madison Limestone |
| 11 | Florence | 39,319 | Lauderdale |
| 12 | Gadsden | 36,856 | Etowah |
| 13 | Vestavia Hills | 34,033 | Jefferson |
| 14 | Prattville | 33,960 | Autauga |
| 15 | Phenix City | 32,822 | Russell |
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Alabama
The state is classified as humid subtropical (Cfa) under the Koppen Climate Classification.[46] The average annual temperature is 64 °F (18 °C). Temperatures tend to be warmer in the southern part of the state with its proximity to the Gulf of Mexico, while the northern parts of the state, especially in the Appalachian Mountains in the northeast, tend to be slightly cooler.[47] Generally, Alabama has very hot summers and mild winters with copious precipitation throughout the year. Alabama receives an average of 56 inches (1,400 mm) of rainfall annually and enjoys a lengthy growing season of up to 300 days in the southern part of the state.[47]
Summers in Alabama are among the hottest in the United States, with high temperatures averaging over 90 °F (32 °C) throughout the summer in some parts of the state. Alabama is also prone to tropical storms and even hurricanes. Areas of the state far away from the Gulf are not immune to the effects of the storms, which often dump tremendous amounts of rain as they move inland and weaken.
South Alabama reports many thunderstorms. The Gulf Coast, around Mobile Bay, averages between 70 and 80 days per year with thunder reported. This activity decreases somewhat further north in the state, but even the far north of the state reports thunder on about 60 days per year. Occasionally, thunderstorms are severe with frequent lightning and large hail – the central and northern parts of the state are most vulnerable to this type of storm. Alabama ranks seventh in the number of deaths from lightning and ninth in the number of deaths from lightning strikes per capita.[48]
Alabama, along with Kansas, has the most reported EF5 tornadoes of any state – according to statistics from the National Climatic Data Center for the period January 1, 1950, to October 31, 2006.[49] Several long – tracked F5 tornadoes have contributed to Alabama reporting more tornado fatalities than any other state, even surpassing Texas which has a much larger area within Tornado Alley. The state suffered damage in the Super Outbreak of April 1974, and the April 25–28, 2011 tornado outbreak. The outbreak in April 2011 produced a record amount of tornadoes in the state. The tally reached 62.[50]
The peak season for tornadoes varies from the northern to southern parts of the state. Alabama is one of the few places in the world that has a secondary tornado season in November and December, along with the spring severe weather season. The northern part of the state – along the Tennessee Valley – is one of the areas in the U.S. most vulnerable to violent tornadoes. The area of Alabama and Mississippi most affected by tornadoes is sometimes referred to as Dixie Alley, as distinct from the Tornado Alley of the Southern Plains.
Winters are generally mild in Alabama, as they are throughout most of the southeastern United States, with average January low temperatures around 40 °F (4 °C) in Mobile and around 32 °F (0 °C) in Birmingham. Although snow is a rare event in much of Alabama, areas of the state north of Montgomery may receive a dusting of snow a few times every winter, with an occasional moderately heavy snowfall every few years. Historic snowfall events include New Year's Eve 1963 snowstorm and the 1993 Storm of the Century. The annual average snowfall for the Birmingham area is 2 inches (51 mm) per year. In the southern Gulf coast, snowfall is less frequent, sometimes going several years without any snowfall.
Alabama's highest recorded temperature of 114 °F (46 °C) was recorded on September 5, 1925 in the unincorporated community of Centerville. −27 °F (−33 °C) was the state's record low recorded in 1966 in New Market.[citation needed]
| Monthly normal high and low temperatures for various Alabama cities [°F (°C)] | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | ||
| Huntsville | Average high | 48.9 (9.4) |
54.6 (12.6) |
63.4 (17.4) |
72.3 (22.4) |
79.6 (26.4) |
86.5 (30.3) |
89.4 (31.9) |
89.0 (31.7) |
83.0 (28.3) |
72.9 (22.7) |
61.6 (16.4) |
52.4 (11.3) |
71.1 (21.7) |
|
| Average low | 30.7 (−0.7) |
34.0 (1.1) |
41.2 (5.1) |
48.4 (9.1) |
57.5 (14.2) |
65.4 (18.6) |
69.5 (20.8) |
68.1 (20.1) |
61.7 (16.5) |
49.6 (9.8) |
40.7 (4.8) |
33.8 (1.0) |
50.1 (10.1) |
||
| Birmingham | Average high | 52.8 (11.6) |
58.3 (14.6) |
66.5 (19.2) |
74.1 (23.4) |
81.0 (27.2) |
87.5 (30.8) |
90.6 (32.6) |
90.2 (32.3) |
84.6 (29.2) |
74.9 (23.8) |
64.5 (18.1) |
56.0 (13.3) |
73.4 (23.0) |
|
| Average low | 32.3 (0.2) |
35.4 (1.9) |
42.4 (5.8) |
48.4 (9.1) |
57.6 (14.2) |
65.4 (18.6) |
69.7 (20.9) |
68.9 (20.5) |
63.0 (17.2) |
50.9 (10.5) |
41.8 (5.4) |
35.2 (1.8) |
50.9 (10.5) |
||
| Montgomery | Average high | 57.6 (14.2) |
62.4 (16.9) |
70.5 (21.4) |
77.5 (25.3) |
84.6 (29.2) |
90.6 (32.6) |
92.7 (33.7) |
92.2 (33.4) |
87.7 (30.9) |
78.7 (25.9) |
68.7 (20.4) |
60.3 (15.7) |
77.0 (25.0) |
|
| Average low | 35.5 (1.9) |
38.6 (3.7) |
45.4 (7.4) |
52.1 (11.2) |
60.1 (15.6) |
67.3 (19.6) |
70.9 (21.6) |
70.1 (21.2) |
64.9 (18.3) |
52.2 (11.2) |
43.5 (6.4) |
37.6 (3.1) |
53.2 (11.8) |
||
| Mobile | Average high | 60.7 (15.9) |
64.5 (18.1) |
71.2 (21.8) |
77.4 (25.2) |
84.2 (29.0) |
89.4 (31.9) |
91.2 (32.9) |
90.8 (32.7) |
86.8 (30.4) |
79.2 (26.2) |
70.1 (21.2) |
62.9 (17.2) |
77.4 (25.2) |
|
| Average low | 39.5 (4.2) |
42.4 (5.8) |
49.2 (9.6) |
54.8 (12.7) |
62.8 (17.1) |
69.2 (20.7) |
71.8 (22.1) |
71.7 (22.0) |
67.6 (19.8) |
56.3 (13.5) |
47.8 (8.8) |
41.6 (5.3) |
56.2 (13.4) |
||
| Source: NOAA[51][52][53][54] | |||||||||||||||
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Alabama
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1800 | 1,250 |
|
|
| 1810 | 9,046 | 623.7% | |
| 1820 | 127,901 | 1,313.9% | |
| 1830 | 309,527 | 142.0% | |
| 1840 | 590,756 | 90.9% | |
| 1850 | 771,623 | 30.6% | |
| 1860 | 964,201 | 25.0% | |
| 1870 | 996,992 | 3.4% | |
| 1880 | 1,262,505 | 26.6% | |
| 1890 | 1,513,401 | 19.9% | |
| 1900 | 1,828,697 | 20.8% | |
| 1910 | 2,138,093 | 16.9% | |
| 1920 | 2,348,174 | 9.8% | |
| 1930 | 2,646,248 | 12.7% | |
| 1940 | 2,832,961 | 7.1% | |
| 1950 | 3,061,743 | 8.1% | |
| 1960 | 3,266,740 | 6.7% | |
| 1970 | 3,444,165 | 5.4% | |
| 1980 | 3,893,888 | 13.1% | |
| 1990 | 4,040,587 | 3.8% | |
| 2000 | 4,447,100 | 10.1% | |
| 2010 | 4,779,736 | 7.5% | |
| Sources: 1910–2010[55] | |||
|
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Alabama was 4,802,740 on July 1, 2011, a 0.48% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[2]
The United States Census Bureau, as of July 1, 2008, estimated Alabama's population at 4,661,900,[56] which represents an increase of 214,545, or 4.8%, since the last census in 2000.[57] This includes a natural increase since the last census of 121,054 people (that is 502,457 births minus 381,403 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 104,991 people into the state.[57] Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 31,180 people, and migration within the country produced a net gain of 73,811 people.[57] The state had 108,000 foreign-born (2.4% of the state population), of which an estimated 22.2% were illegal immigrants (24,000).
The center of population of Alabama is located in Chilton County, outside of the town of Jemison.[58]
Race and ancestry[link]
According to the 2010 U.S. Census, Alabama had a population of 4,779,736. In terms of race and ethnicity, the state was 68.5% White (67.0% Non-Hispanic White Alone), 26.2% Black or African American, 0.6% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.1% Asian, 0.1% Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, 2.0% from Some Other Race, and 1.5% from Two or More Races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made up 3.9% of the population.[59]
The largest reported ancestry groups in Alabama are: African American (26.2%), English (23.6%), Irish (7.7%), German (5.7%), and Scots-Irish (2.0%).[60][61][62] Those citing "American" ancestry in Alabama are of overwhelmingly English extraction, however most English Americans identify simply as having American ancestry because their roots have been in North America for so long, in some cases since the 1600s. Demographers estimate that a minimum of 20–23% of people in Alabama are of predominantly English ancestry and state that the figure is probably much higher. In the 1980 census, 41% of the people in Alabama cited that they were of English ancestry, making them the largest ethnic group at the time.[63][64][65][66][67] There are also many more people in Alabama of Scots-Irish origins than are self-reported.[68] Many people in Alabama claim Irish ancestry because of the term Scots-Irish, but most of the time in Alabama this term is used for those with Scottish roots, rather than Irish.[69]
In 1984, under the Davis–Strong Act, Alabama established a state Indian Commission and officially recognized seven American Indian tribes, including the Echota Cherokee Tribe of Alabama, which is a 501 (c)(3) group. It is made up of descendants of the Chickamauga Cherokee and others who managed to evade Indian Removal in the 1830s. Working with Auburn University, the tribe has begun a revival of the Cherokee language.
Religion[link]
Alabama is located in the middle of the Bible Belt, a region of high Christian followers. Alabama has been identified as one of the most religious states in the US, with about 58% of the population attending church regularly.[70] A majority of people in the state identify as Protestant. As of 2000, the three largest denominational groups in Alabama are Evangelical Protestant, Mainline Protestant, and Catholic. The Southern Baptist Convention has the highest number of adherents in Alabama with 1,380,121, followed by the United Methodist Church with 327,734 members, and the Catholic Church with 150,647 adherents.[71]
In a 2007 survey, nearly 70% of respondents could name all four of the Christian Gospels. Of those who indicated a religious preference, 59% said they possessed a "full understanding" of their faith and needed no further learning.[72] In a 2007 poll, 92% of Alabamians reported having at least some confidence in churches in the state.[73][74] In the 2008 American Religious Identification Survey, 80% of Alabama respondents reported their religion as Christian (other than Catholic,) 6% as Catholic, and 11% as having no religion at all.[75]
Health[link]
A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study showed that Alabama was one of the worst in the country for obesity with most counties having over 29% of adults obese, except for ten which exceeded 26%.[76] Residents were least likely of any state in the nation to exercise.[77] Alabama has one of the highest incidences of adult onset diabetes in the country, exceeding 10% of adults.[78][79]
Economy[link]
The state has invested in aerospace, education, health care, banking, and various heavy industries, including automobile manufacturing, mineral extraction, steel production and fabrication.
According to the United States Bureau of Economic Analysis, the 2008 total gross state product was $170 billion, or $29,411 per capita. Alabama's 2008 GDP increased 0.7% from the previous year. The single largest increase came in the area of information.[80] In 2010, per capita income for the state was $22,984.[81]
As of September 2010, the state's unemployment rate is 8.9%.[82]
Largest employers[link]
According to the Birmingham Business Journal, the five employers which employ the most employees in Alabama as of 2011 were:[83]
| Employer | Number of employees |
|---|---|
| Redstone Arsenal | 25,373 |
| University of Alabama at Birmingham (includes UAB Hospital) | 18,750 |
| Maxwell Air Force Base | 12,280 |
| State of Alabama | 9,500 |
| Mobile County Public School System | 8,100 |
Agriculture[link]
Alabama's agricultural outputs include poultry and eggs, cattle, plant nursery items, peanuts, cotton, grains such as corn and sorghum, vegetables, milk, soybeans, and peaches. Although known as "The Cotton State", Alabama ranks between eighth and tenth in national cotton production, according to various reports,[84][85] with Texas, Georgia and Mississippi comprising the top three.
Industry[link]
Alabama's industrial outputs include iron and steel products (including cast-iron and steel pipe); paper, lumber, and wood products; mining (mostly coal); plastic products; cars and trucks; and apparel. Also, Alabama produces aerospace and electronic products, mostly in the Huntsville area, location of NASA's George C. Marshall Space Flight Center and the U.S. Army Materiel Command, headquartered at Redstone Arsenal.
Most of Alabama's economic growth is due to the state's expanding automotive manufacturing industry. Located in the state are Honda Manufacturing of Alabama, Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama, Mercedes-Benz U.S. International, and Toyota Motor Manufacturing Alabama, as well as their various suppliers. Since 1993, the automobile industry has generated more than 67,800 new jobs in the state. Alabama currently ranks 4th in the nation in automobile output.[86]
Steel producers Nucor, SSAB, ThyssenKrupp, and U.S. Steel have facilities in Alabama and employ over 10,000 people. In May 2007, German steelmaker ThyssenKrupp selected Alabama for a $3.7 billion steel production plant, with the promise of 2,700 permanent jobs.[87] When ThyssenKrupp's new facilities reach full production capacity, Alabama is expected to become the third largest steel producing state in the country behind Indiana and Pennsylvania.[88]
The Hunt Refining Company, a subsidiary of Hunt Consolidated, Inc., is based in Tuscaloosa and operates a refinery there. The company also operates terminals in Mobile, Melvin, and Moundville.[89] JVC America, Inc. operates an optical disc replication and packaging plant in Tuscaloosa.[90]
Michelin North America operated a 1,000,000 square feet (9.3 ha) BFGoodrich Tire manufacturing plant in Opelika from 1963 to 2009, when it shut down.[91] GAF Materials Corporation formerly operated a plant in Mobile, but ceased production operations in 2010. The plant had previously been idled in 2007 before resuming in 2008 and may reopen in the future once demand recovers.[92]
Tourism[link]
An estimated 100,000 tourists annually from other countries visit the state, including from Canada, England, Germany and Japan. In 2006, 22.3 million tourists spent $8.3 billion providing an estimated 162,000 jobs in the state.[93][94][95]
Health[link]
UAB Hospital is the only Level I trauma center in Alabama.[96][97] UAB is the largest state government employer in Alabama, with a workforce of about 18,000.[98]
Banking[link]
Alabama has the headquarters of Regions Financial Corporation, BBVA Compass and Superior Bancorp. Birmingham-based Compass Banchshares was acquired by Spanish-based BBVA in September 2007, although the headquarters of BBVA Compass remains in Birmingham. In November 2006, Regions Financial completed its merger with AmSouth Bancorporation, which was also headquartered in Birmingham. SouthTrust Corporation, another large bank headquartered in Birmingham, was acquired by Wachovia in 2004 for $14.3 billion. The city still has major operations for Wachovia and its now post-operating bank Wells Fargo, which includes a regional headquarters, an operations center campus and a $400 million dollar data center. Nearly a dozen smaller banks are also headquartered in the Birmingham, such as Superior Bancorp, ServisFirst and New South Federal Savings Bank. Birmingham also serves as the headquarters for several large investment management companies, including Harbert Management Corporation.
Electronics[link]
Telecommunications provider AT&T, formerly BellSouth, also has a major presence in Alabama with several large offices in Birmingham. The company has over 6,000 employees and more than 1,200 contract employees.
Many commercial technology companies are headquartered in Huntsville, such as the network access company ADTRAN, computer graphics company Intergraph, design and manufacturer of IT infrastructure Avocent, and telecommunications provider Deltacom. Cinram manufactures and distributes 20th Century Fox DVDs and Blu-ray Discs out of their Huntsville plant.
Construction[link]
Rust International has grown to include Brasfield & Gorrie, BE&K, Hoar Construction and B.L. Harbert International, which all routinely are included in the Engineering News-Record lists of top design, international construction, and engineering firms. (Rust International was acquired in 2000 by Washington Group International, which was in turn acquired by San-Francisco based URS Corporation in 2007.)
Transportation[link]
The Port of Mobile, Alabama's only saltwater port, is a busy seaport on the Gulf of Mexico with inland waterway access to the Midwest by way of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway. The Port of Mobile is currently the 9th-largest by tonnage in the United States.[99]
Barge transportation in and out of the Port of Tuscaloosa and other commercial navigation make the Black Warrior River useful in the state of Alabama.
Law and government[link]
State government[link]
Main article: Government of Alabama
The foundational document for Alabama's government is the Alabama Constitution, which was ratified in 1901. At almost 800 amendments and 310,000 words, it is the world's longest constitution and is roughly forty times the length of the U.S. Constitution.[100][101] There is a significant movement to rewrite and modernize Alabama's constitution.[102] This movement is based upon the fact that Alabama's constitution highly centralizes power in Montgomery and leaves practically no power in local hands. Any policy changes proposed around the state must be approved by the entire Alabama legislature and, frequently, by state referendum. One criticism of the current constitution claims that its complexity and length were intentional to codify segregation and racism.
Alabama is divided into three equal branches: The legislative branch is the Alabama Legislature, a bicameral assembly composed of the Alabama House of Representatives, with 105 members, and the Alabama Senate, with 35 members. The Legislature is responsible for writing, debating, passing, or defeating state legislation. The Republican Party currently holds a majority in both houses of the Legislature. The Legislature has the power to override a gubernatorial veto by a simple majority (most state Legislatures require a two-thirds majority to override a veto).
The executive branch is responsible for the execution and oversight of laws. It is headed by the Governor of Alabama. Other members of executive branch include the cabinet, the Attorney General of Alabama, the Alabama Secretary of State, the Alabama Commissioner of Agriculture and Industries, the Alabama State Treasurer, and the State Auditor of Alabama. The current governor of the state is Republican Robert Bentley. The lieutenant governor is Republican Kay Ivey.
The judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and applying the law in state criminal and civil cases. The highest court is the Supreme Court of Alabama. The Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court is Republican Chuck Malone. All sitting justices on the Alabama Supreme Court are members of the Republican Party.
The members of the Legislature take office immediately after the November elections. The statewide officials, such as the Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, and other constitutional offices take office in the following January.[103]
Taxes[link]
Alabama levies a 2, 4, or 5 percent personal income tax, depending upon the amount earned and filing status. Taxpayers are allowed to deduct their federal income tax from their Alabama state tax, and can do so even if taking the standard deduction. Taxpayers who file itemized deductions are also allowed to deduct federal Social Security and Medicare taxes.
The state's general sales tax rate is 4%.[104] The collection rate could be substantially higher, depending upon additional city and county sales taxes. For example, the total sales tax rate in Mobile is 10% and there is an additional restaurant tax of 1%, which means that a diner in Mobile would pay a 11% tax on a meal. Sales and excise taxes in Alabama account for 51% of all state and local revenue, compared with an average of about 36% nationwide. Alabama is also one of the few remaining states that levies a tax on food and medicine. Alabama's income tax on poor working families is among the nation's very highest.[105] Alabama is the only state that levies income tax on a family of four with income as low as $4,600, which is barely one-quarter of the federal poverty line.[105] Alabama's threshold is the lowest among the 41 states and the District of Columbia with income taxes.[105]
The corporate income tax rate is currently 6.5%. The overall federal, state, and local tax burden in Alabama ranks the state as the second least tax-burdened state in the country.[106] Property taxes are the lowest in the United States. The current state constitution requires a voter referendum to raise property taxes.
Since Alabama's tax structure largely depends on consumer spending, it is subject to high variable budget structure. For example, in 2003 Alabama had an annual budget deficit as high as $670 million.
Local and county government[link]
Alabama has 67 counties. Each county has its own elected legislative branch, usually called the County Commission, which usually also has executive authority in the county. Because of the restraints placed in the Alabama Constitution, all but seven counties (Jefferson, Lee, Mobile, Madison, Montgomery, Shelby, and Tuscaloosa) in the state have little to no home rule. Instead, most counties in the state must lobby the Local Legislation Committee of the state legislature to get simple local policies such as waste disposal to land use zoning.
On November 9, 2011 Jefferson County declared bankruptcy.[107][108]
Alabama is an alcoholic beverage control state; the government holds a monopoly on the sale of alcohol. However, counties can declare themselves "dry"; the state does not sell alcohol in those areas.
| Rank | County | Population (2010 Census) |
Seat | Largest city |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jefferson | 658,466 | Birmingham | Birmingham |
| 2 | Mobile | 412,992 | Mobile | Mobile |
| 3 | Madison | 334,811 | Huntsville | Huntsville |
| 4 | Montgomery | 229,363 | Montgomery | Montgomery |
| 5 | Shelby | 195,085 | Columbiana | Hoover (part) Alabaster |
| 6 | Tuscaloosa | 194,656 | Tuscaloosa | Tuscaloosa |
| 7 | Baldwin | 182,265 | Bay Minette | Daphne |
| 8 | Lee | 140,247 | Opelika | Auburn |
| 9 | Morgan | 119,490 | Decatur | Decatur |
| 10 | Calhoun | 118,572 | Anniston | Anniston |
Politics[link]
During Reconstruction following the American Civil War, Alabama was occupied by federal troops of the Third Military District under General John Pope. In 1874, the political coalition known as the Redeemers took control of the state government from the Republicans, in part by suppressing the African American vote.
After 1890, a coalition of whites passed laws to segregate and disenfranchise black residents, a process completed in provisions of the 1901 constitution. Provisions which disfranchised African Americans also disfranchised poor whites, however. By 1941 more whites than blacks had been disfranchised: 600,000 to 520,000, although the impact was greater on the African-American community, as almost all of its citizens were disfranchised.
From 1901 through the 1960s, the state did not redraw election districts as population grew and shifted within the state. The result was a rural minority that dominated state politics until a series of court cases required redistricting in 1972.
Alabama state politics gained nationwide and international attention in the 1950s and 1960s during the American Civil Rights Movement, when majority whites bureaucratically, and at times, violently resisted protests for electoral and social reform. Democrat George Wallace, the state's only four-term governor, was a controversial figure. Only with the passage of the Federal Civil Rights Act of 1964[32] and Voting Rights Act of 1965 did African-Americans regain suffrage and other civil rights.
In 2007, the Alabama Legislature passed, and Republican Governor Bob Riley signed, a resolution expressing "profound regret" over slavery and its lingering impact. In a symbolic ceremony, the bill was signed in the Alabama State Capitol, which housed Congress of the Confederate States of America.[109]
Elections[link]
Main article: Elections in Alabama
State elections[link]
With the disfranchisement of African Americans, the state became part of the "Solid South", a system in which the Democratic Party became essentially the only political party in every Southern state. For nearly 100 years, local and state elections in Alabama were decided in the Democratic Party primary, with generally only token Republican challengers running in the General Election.
Republicans hold all nine seats on the Alabama Supreme Court[110] and all ten seats on the state appellate courts. Until 1994, no Republicans held any of the court seats. This change also began, likely in part, due to the same perception by voters of Democratic party efforts to disenfranchise voters again in 1994. In that general election, the then-incumbent Chief Justice of Alabama, Ernest C. Hornsby, refused to leave office after losing the election by approximately 3,000 votes to Republican Perry O. Hooper, Sr.. Hornsby sued Alabama and defiantly remained in office for nearly a year before finally giving up the seat after losing in court. This ultimately led to a collapse of support for Democrats at the ballot box in the next three or four election cycles. The Democrats lost the last of the nineteen court seats in August 2011 with the resignation of the last Democrat on the bench.
Republicans hold all seven of the statewide elected executive branch offices. Republicans hold six of the eight elected seats on the Alabama State Board of Education. In 2010, Republicans took large majorities of both chambers of the state legislature giving them control of that body for the first time in 136 years. Democrats hold one of the three seats on the Alabama Public Service Commission.[111][112][113]
Only two Republican Lieutenant Governors have been elected since Reconstruction, one is Kay Ivey, the current Lieutenant Governor.
Local elections[link]
Many local offices (County Commissioners, Boards of Education, Tax Assessors, Tax Collectors, etc.) in the state are still held by Democrats. Local elections in most rural counties are generally decided in the Democratic primary and local elections in metropolitan and suburban counties are generally decided in the Republican Primary, although there are exceptions.[114][115]
Alabama's 67 County Sheriffs are elected in partisan races and Democrats still retain the majority of those posts. The current split is 42 Democrats, 24 Republicans, and one Independent (Choctaw).[116][Full citation needed] However, most of the Democratic sheriffs preside over rural and less populated counties and the majority of Republican sheriffs preside over more urban/suburban and heavily populated counties.[117] Two Alabama counties (Montgomery and Calhoun) with a population of over 100,000 have Democratic sheriffs and five Alabama counties with a population of under 75,000 have Republican sheriffs (Autauga, Coffee, Dale, Coosa, and Blount).[118] The state has one female sheriff (Morgan) and nine African-American sheriffs.[119][Full citation needed]
Federal elections[link]
The state's two U.S. senators are Jefferson B. Sessions III and Richard C. Shelby, both Republicans.
In the U.S. House of Representatives, the state is represented by seven members, six of whom are Republicans: (Jo Bonner, Mike D. Rogers, Robert Aderholt, Morris J. Brooks, Martha Roby, and Spencer Bachus) and one Democrat: Terri Sewell).
Further information: United States presidential election in Alabama, 2004
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Alabama
Primary and secondary education[link]
Public primary and secondary education in Alabama is under the overview of the Alabama State Board of Education as well as local oversight by 67 county school boards and 60 city boards of education. Together, 1,541 individual schools provide education for 743,364 elementary and secondary students.[120]
Public school funding is appropriated through the Alabama Legislature through the Education Trust Fund. In FY 2006–2007, Alabama appropriated $3,775,163,578 for primary and secondary education. That represented an increase of $444,736,387 over the previous fiscal year.[120] In 2007, over 82 percent of schools made adequate yearly progress (AYP) toward student proficiency under the National No Child Left Behind law, using measures determined by the State of Alabama. In 2004, 23 percent of schools met AYP.[121]
While Alabama's public education system has improved, it lags behind in achievement compared to other states. According to U.S. Census data, Alabama's high school graduation rate – 75% – is the fourth lowest in the United States (after Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi).[122] The largest educational gains were among people with some college education but without degrees.[123]
Colleges and universities[link]
Main article: List of colleges and universities in Alabama
Alabama's programs of higher education include 14 four-year public universities, two-year community colleges, and 17 private, undergraduate and graduate universities. In the state are two medical schools (University of Alabama School of Medicine and University of South Alabama), two veterinary colleges (Auburn University and Tuskegee University), a dental school (University of Alabama School of Dentistry), an optometry college (University of Alabama at Birmingham), two pharmacy schools (Auburn University and Samford University), and five law schools (University of Alabama School of Law, Birmingham School of Law, Cumberland School of Law, Miles Law School, and the Thomas Goode Jones School of Law). Public, post-secondary education in Alabama is overseen by the Alabama Commission on Higher Education. Colleges and universities in Alabama offer degree programs from two-year associate degrees to 16 doctoral level programs.[124][125]
The largest single campus is the University of Alabama, located in Tuscaloosa, with 31,747 enrolled for fall 2011.[126] Troy University is the largest institution in the state, enrolling 29,689 students (as of 2010) across four Alabama campuses (Troy, Dothan, Montgomery, and Phenix City), as well as sixty learning sites in seventeen other states and eleven other countries. The oldest institutions are the public University of North Alabama in Florence and the Catholic Church-affiliated Spring Hill College in Mobile, both founded in 1830.[127][128]
Accreditation of academic programs is through the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) as well as other subject-focused national and international accreditation agencies such as the Association for Biblical Higher Education (ABHE),[129] the Council on Occupational Education (COE),[130] and the Accrediting Council for Independent Colleges and Schools (ACICS).[131]
According to the 2011 U.S. News and World Report, Alabama had three universities ranked in the top 100 Public Schools in America (University of Alabama at 31, Auburn University at 36, and University of Alabama at Birmingham at 73).[132]
Sports[link]
Professional sports teams[link]
Main article: List of professional sports teams in Alabama
Alabama has several minor league professional teams including four minor league baseball teams.
| Team name | Location | Sport | League | Venue | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama Hammers | Huntsville | Arena football | Southern Indoor Football League | Von Braun Center | |
| Birmingham Barons | Birmingham | Baseball | Southern League | Regions Park | |
| Huntsville Havoc | Huntsville | Ice Hockey | Southern Professional Hockey League | Von Braun Center | |
| Dixie Derby Girls | Huntsville | Roller derby | Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA) | Von Braun Center | |
| Huntsville Stars | Huntsville | Baseball | Southern League | Joe W. Davis Stadium | |
| Mobile BayBears | Mobile | Baseball | Southern League | Hank Aaron Stadium | |
| Montgomery Biscuits | Montgomery | Baseball | Southern League | Montgomery Riverwalk Stadium | |
| Rocket City United | Huntsville | Soccer | National Premier Soccer League | Madison City Schools Stadium | |
| Tennessee Valley Tigers | Huntsville | Football | Independent Women's Football League | Milton Frank Stadium | replaced the Alabama Renegades |
Venues[link]
Alabama has four of the world's largest stadiums by seating capacity: Talladega Superspeedway in Talladega, Bryant-Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Jordan-Hare Stadium in Auburn and Legion Field in Birmingham.
The Talladega Superspeedway motorsports complex hosts a series of NASCAR events. It has a seating capacity of 143,000 and is the thirteenth largest stadium in the world and sixth largest stadium in America. Bryant-Denny Stadium serves as the home of the University of Alabama football team has a seating capacity of 101,821. It is the fifth largest stadium in America and the eighth largest non-racing stadium in the world. Jordan-Hare Stadium is the home field of the Auburn University football team and has a seating capacity of 87,451. It is the twelfth largest college football stadium in America. Legion Field is home for the UAB Blazers football program and the Papajohns.com Bowl. It seats 71,594.[133][134]
Ladd-Peebles Stadium in Mobile serves as the home of the NCAA Senior Bowl, GoDaddy.com Bowl, Alabama-Mississippi All Star Classic and home of the University of South Alabama football team. Ladd-Peebles Stadium opened in 1948 and seats 40,646.[135]
In 2009, Bryant-Denny Stadium and Jordan-Hare Stadium became the homes of the Alabama High School Athletic Association state football championship games, known as the Super Six. Bryant-Denny hosts the Super Six in odd-numbered years, with Jordan-Hare taking the games in even-numbered years. Previously, the Super Six was held at Legion Field in Birmingham.[136]
Transportation[link]
Air transportation[link]
Main article: Aviation in Alabama
Major airports in Alabama include Birmingham-Shuttlesworth International Airport (BHM), Huntsville International Airport (HSV), Dothan Regional Airport (DHN), Mobile Regional Airport (MOB), Montgomery Regional Airport (MGM), Muscle Shoals – Northwest Alabama Regional Airport (MSL), Tuscaloosa Regional Airport (TCL), and Pryor Field Regional Airport (DCU).
Rail[link]
For rail transport, Amtrak schedules the Crescent, a daily passenger train, running from New York to New Orleans with stops at Anniston, Birmingham, and Tuscaloosa.
Roads[link]
File:I-565 at Space and Rocket Center.jpg
Interstate 565 passing by the US Space and Rocket Center in Huntsville.
Alabama has five major interstate roads that cross the state: I-65 runs north–south roughly through the middle of the state; I-59/I-20 travels from the central west border to Birmingham, where I-59 continues to the north-east corner of the state and I-20 continues east towards Atlanta; I-85 originates in Montgomery and runs east-northeast to the Georgia border, providing a main thoroughfare to Atlanta; and I-10 traverses the southernmost portion of the state, running from west to east through Mobile. Another interstate road, I-22, is currently under construction. When completed around 2014 it will connect Birmingham with Memphis, Tennessee. In addition, there are currently five auxiliary interstate routes in the state: I-165 in Mobile, I-359 in Tuscaloosa, I-459 around Birmingham, I-565 in Huntsville, and I-759 in Gadsden. A sixth route, I-685, will be created when I-85 is rerouted along a new southern bypass of Montgomery. A proposed northern bypass of Birmingham will designated as I-422.
Several U.S. Highways also pass through the state, such as US 11, US 29, US 31, US 43, US 45, US 72, US 78, US 80, US 82, US 84, US 90, US 98, US 231, US 278, US 280, US 331, US 411, and US 431.
There are four toll roads in the state: Montgomery Expressway in Montgomery; Tuscaloosa Bypass in Tuscaloosa; Emerald Mountain Expressway in Wetumpka; and Beach Express in Orange Beach.
In March 2011, Alabama ranked among the top five "Worst" states on the American State Litter Scorecard, for overall poor effectiveness and quality of its statewide public space cleanliness—primarily roadway and adjacent litter removals—from state and related efforts.[137]
Ports[link]
Alabama has one seaport, in Mobile on the Gulf of Mexico. The state's other ports are on rivers with access to the Gulf.
Water ports of Alabama, listed from north to south:
| Port name | Location | Connected to |
|---|---|---|
| Port of Florence | Florence/Muscle Shoals, on Pickwick Lake | Tennessee River |
| Port of Decatur | Decatur, on Wheeler Lake | Tennessee River |
| Port of Guntersville | Guntersville, on Lake Guntersville | Tennessee River |
| Port of Birmingham | Birmingham, on Black Warrior River | Tenn-Tom Waterway |
| Port of Tuscaloosa | Tuscaloosa, on Black Warrior River | Tenn-Tom Waterway |
| Port of Montgomery | Montgomery, on Woodruff Lake | Alabama River |
| Port of Mobile | Mobile, on Mobile Bay | Gulf of Mexico |
See also[link]
 |
Book: United States |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Outline of history
- Outline of geography
- List of people from Alabama
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Alabama
References[link]
- ^ The Alabama monument south of Gettysburg
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ "Cheehahaw". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=DG3595. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 21, 2011.
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- ^ [1]
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- ^ Lee, McDowell (2009). "Alabama's Legislative Process". State of Alabama. http://www.legislature.state.al.us/misc/legislativeprocess/legislativeprocess_ml.html.
- ^ Comparison of State and Local Retail Sales Taxes, July 2004 Retrieved on May 25, 2007.
- ^ a b c "Reducing Alabama's Income Tax on Working-Poor Families: Two Options – 4/14/99". Cbpp.org. http://www.cbpp.org/cms/index.cfm?fa=view&id=1812. Retrieved October 24, 2010.
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- ^ http://jeffconline.jccal.org/home/news/photo/1517060216/
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- ^ Rawls, Phillip (June 1, 2007). "Alabama offers an apology for slavery". The Virginian Pilot (Landmark Communications).
- ^ "Sue Bell Cobb considering running for governor - Breaking News from The Birmingham News". Blog.al.com. May 2, 2009. http://blog.al.com/spotnews/2009/05/sue_bell_cobb_considering_runn.html. Retrieved August 7, 2009.
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- ^ Special (November 5, 2008). "Lucy Baxley wins Alabama Public Service Commission presidency, but recount possible". Birmingham News via al.com. http://blog.al.com/spotnews/2008/11/lucy_baxley_wins_alabama_publi.html. Retrieved August 7, 2009.
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- ^ S. Spacek, 2011 American State Litter Scorecard: New Rankings for an Increasingly Environmentally Concerned Populace.
Further reading[link]
- For a detailed bibliography, see the History of Alabama.
- Atkins, Leah Rawls, Wayne Flynt, William Warren Rogers, and David Ward. Alabama: The History of a Deep South State (1994)
- Flynt, Wayne. Alabama in the Twentieth Century (2004)
- Owen Thomas M. History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography 4 vols. 1921.
- Jackson, Harvey H. Inside Alabama: A Personal History of My State (2004)
- Mohl, Raymond A. "Latinization in the Heart of Dixie: Hispanics in Late-twentieth-century Alabama" Alabama Review 2002 55(4): 243–274. ISSN 0002-4341
- Peirce, Neal R. The Deep South States of America: People, Politics, and Power in the Seven Deep South States (1974). Information on politics and economics 1960–72.
- Williams, Benjamin Buford. A Literary History of Alabama: The Nineteenth Century 1979.
- WPA. Guide to Alabama (1939)
External links[link]
| Find more about Alabama on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
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Definitions and translations from Wiktionary |
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Images and media from Commons |
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Learning resources from Wikiversity |
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News stories from Wikinews |
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Quotations from Wikiquote |
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Source texts from Wikisource |
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Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- Alabama.gov – official site
- Alabama State Guide, from the Library of Congress
- Alabama Association of Regional Councils
- Energy Data & Statistics for Alabama- From the U.S. Department of Energy
- TourAlabama.org – Alabama Department of Tourism and Travel
- All About Alabama, at the Alabama Department of Archives and History
- AlabamaMosaic, a digital repository of materials on Alabama's history, culture, places, and people
- Code of Alabama 1975 – at the Alabama Legislature site
- Alabama at the Open Directory Project
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Alabama
- Alabama QuickFacts from the U.S. Census Bureau
- Alabama State Fact Sheet from the U.S. Department of Agriculture
Geographic data related to Alabama at OpenStreetMap
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 Georgia (U.S. state) |
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 Alabama: Outline • Index East |
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| Gulf of Mexico |  Florida |
| Preceded by Illinois |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on December 14, 1819 (22nd) |
Succeeded by Maine |
Coordinates: 33°0′N 86°40′W / 33°N 86.667°W / 33; -86.667
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http://pl.wn.com/Alabama
http://hi.wn.com/अलाबामा
http://it.wn.com/Alabama
http://id.wn.com/Alabama
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
