Charles Gleyre, Three Fellahs (fr. Trois fellahs), 1835

Fellah (Arabic: فلاح‎, fallāḥ‎) (plural Fellaheen or Fellahin, فلاحين, fallāḥ‎īn) is a peasant, farmer or agricultural laborer in the Middle East and North Africa. The word derives from the Arabic word for ploughman or tiller.

The rural people of the Middle East[link]

Fellahin was the term used throughout the Middle East in the Ottoman period and later to refer to villagers and farmers.^[1] Nur Masalha translates it as "peasants".^[2] They were distinguished from the effendi, or, landowning class,^[3] although the fellahin in this region might be tenant farmers, smallholders, or live in a village that owned the land communally.^[4][5] Others applied the term fellahin only to landless workers.^[6] The term fallahin applied to Christian, Druze and Muslim villagers.^[7] The term fallah was applied to people from several regions in the Middle East, including those of Egypt and Cyprus.

Comprising 60% of the Egyptian population,^[8] the fellahin lead humble lives and continue to live in mud-brick houses like their ancient ancestors. Their percentage was much higher in the early 20th century, before the large influx of Egyptian fellahin into urban towns and cities. In 1927, anthropologist Winifred Blackman, author of The Fellahin of Upper Egypt, conducted ethnographic research on the life of Upper Egyptian farmers and concluded that there were observable continuities between the cultural and religious beliefs and practices of the fellahin and those of ancient Egyptians.^[9]

Fellahin in Egypt[link]

"Fille Fellahin." A Victorian-era postcard of a young Fellahin girl of Egypt.

The rural peasants provided the pharaohs with both the manpower to build their majestic monuments and the food to support the workers. Even today, the fallahin wrest two or three crops from their tiny fields in a futile attempt to feed Egypt's ever-expanding population. These farmers live in small villages, often settled by their Pharaonic ancestors, scattered along the Nile.

See also[link]

• Farmer
• Peasant
• Flamenco

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fellah

Mohammed Fellah

Personal information
Full name	Mohammed Fellah
Date of birth	(1989-05-24) 24 May 1989 (age 23)
Place of birth	Oslo, Norway
Height	1.67 m (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
Playing position	Attacking midfielder
Club information
Current club	Vålerenga
Number	17
Youth career
1995–2004	Holmlia
2004–2006	Vålerenga
Senior career*
Years	Team	Apps†	(Gls)†
2006–	Vålerenga	92	(9)
National team‡
2004	Norway U15	4	(0)
2005	Norway U16	6	(1)
2006	Norway U17	4	(1)
2006-2007	Norway U18	12	(1)
2007	Norway U19	5	(2)
2010	Norway U21	3	(3)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only and correct as of 14:59, 12 May 2012. † Appearances (Goals). ‡ National team caps and goals correct as of 15:28, 11 June 2010

Mohammed Fellah (born May 24, 1989 in Oslo) is a Norwegian footballer who currently plays as a midfielder for Vålerenga.

Career[link]

Fellah was born and raised in Holmlia, a multicultural satellite town in southern part of Oslo. He started his football career with local side Holmlia SK and caught admirers already in his youth with his eminent technique. He started out as a striker and reminded many of Raúl due to similarities in height and technique. Being inspired by Zinedine Zidane's success with Real Madrid he eventually, while still at Holmlia SK, decided to start playing in a playmaker role in midfield.

Of Moroccan descent, Fellah has also played for the Norway U-17 national team in qualifiers for the 2006 UEFA European U-17 Championship, scoring the first goal for Norway in their 3-1 win over Liechtenstein.^[1] The Norwegian U-17 coach, Øyvind Nilsen, said in March 2006 that Fellah was the fourth best player of his age group, behind Kim André Madsen, Per Egil Flo and Tommy Høiland.^[2] Fellah scored in his debut for Vålerenga in Tippeligaen on September 10, 2006 in a match against Fredrikstad.

Fellah was badly injured in an U18-match against Turkey in August (2007), where he broke his calf bone. His team played Turkey twice in three days. In the second game, Serdar Aziz broke Fellah's leg.^[3] Fellah required surgery, and lost the rest of the 2007 season. The injury would not heal properly, and the fall of 2008 he had to operate again. Fellah came back fully in the 2009 season where he played in total 23 games in Tippeligaen. He delivered at times very good performances, showing off his eminent shot technique on several occasions, as in the 4-1 victory against Lyn in September, 2009.

Fellah has started all 14 games so far in the 2010 season of Tippeligaen and has been voted man of the match in three of the games by Norwegian newspaper VG. During this period he has also established himself as an important player in the central midfield of the U-21 team of Norway, and has even been tipped by the media to take the step up to the national team.

Career statistics[link]

Honours[link]

Vålerenga

• JET-turneringa 2006

References[link]

External links[link]

• Norways five greatest talents ^{"Norwegian Language Link"}
• Fellah: "I play to entertain" ^{"Norwegian Language Link"}

Player Profiles

• Player profile on imScouting.com ^{"English Language Link"}
• Player profile on transfermarkt.co.uk ^{English Language Link"}
• Player profile on EuroRivals.net ^{"English Language Link"}
• Players profile on vif.no ^{"Norwegian Language Link"}
• Players profile on altomfotball.no ^{"Norwegian Language Link"}

Joey Ramone
Joey Ramone circa 1980
Background information
Birth name	Jeffry Ross Hyman
Also known as	Joey Ramone
Born	(1951-05-19)May 19, 1951 Forest Hills, New York, United States
Died	April 15, 2001(2001-04-15) (aged 49) New York, New York, United States
Genres	Punk rock
Occupations	Musician, songwriter
Instruments	Vocals, drums, percussion, guitar
Years active	1972–2001
Labels	Sire, Radioactive
Associated acts	Ramones, Sibling Rivalry, Sniper (American band)
Website	joeyramone.com

Joey Ramone (May 19, 1951 – April 15, 2001) was an American musician, vocalist and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist of the punk rock band the Ramones. Joey Ramone's image, voice and tenure as front man of the Ramones made him a countercultural icon.^[1]

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Born Jeffry Ross Hyman to parents Noel and Charlotte Hyman, he was raised in the Jewish tradition.^[2] They lived in Forest Hills, Queens, New York,^[3] where Jeffry and his future Ramones bandmates attended Forest Hills High School. Jeffry was happy but something of an outcast^{[citation needed]}. When he was 18 years old he was diagnosed with OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder). He grew up with brother Mickey Leigh and stepbrother John. His mother divorced and remarried three times.

Jeffry was a fan of The Beatles,^[4] The Who, David Bowie and The Stooges among other bands (particularly oldies and the Phil Spector-produced "girl groups"). His idol was Pete Townshend of The Who (with whom he shared a birthday). Jeffry took up drums at 13, and played throughout his teen years. Before he joined the Ramones, he was the singer in a band called Snipers.

Sniper[link]

In 1972 Hyman joined the glam punk band, Sniper. Sniper played at the Mercer Arts Center, Max's Kansas City and the Coventry, alongside the New York Dolls, Suicide, and Queen Elizabeth III. ^[5] Hyman played with Sniper under the name Jeff Starship.^[6] Mickey Leigh: "I was shocked when the band came out. Joey was the lead singer and I couldn't believe how good he was. Because he'd been sitting in my house with my acoustic guitar, writing these songs like 'I Don't Care', fucking up my guitar, and suddenly he's this guy on stage who you can't take your eyes off of."^[5] He continued playing with Sniper until early 1974, when he was replaced by Alan Turner.

Ramones[link]

In 1974, Jeffry Hyman co-founded the punk rock band the Ramones with friends John Cummings and Douglas Colvin, upon which point all three adopted stage names using "Ramone" as their surname: Cummings became Johnny Ramone, Colvin became Dee Dee Ramone, and Hyman became Joey Ramone. The name Ramone stems from a story that Paul McCartney of The Beatles would check into hotels under the pseudonym "Paul Ramon" while touring.

Joey initially served as the group's drummer while Dee Dee Ramone was the original vocalist. Ramones manager Tommy Erdelyi suggested Joey switch to vocals while Tommy took over on drums.^[1]

The Ramones were a major influence on the punk rock movement in the United States, though they achieved only minor commercial success. Their only record with enough U.S. sales to be certified gold was the compilation album Ramones Mania. Recognition of the band's importance built over the years, and they are now regularly represented in many assessments of all-time great rock music, such as the Rolling Stone lists of the 50 Greatest Artists of All Time and 25 Greatest Live Albums of All Time, VH1's 100 Greatest Artists of Hard Rock, and Mojo's 100 Greatest Albums. In 2002, the Ramones were voted the second greatest rock and roll band ever in Spin, trailing only The Beatles.

In 1996, after a tour with the Lollapalooza music festival, the band played their final show and then disbanded. Within eight years of the breakup, the band's three founding members – Joey, Johnny, and Dee Dee – had all died.

Vocal style[link]

Ramone's vocal style was unorthodox in that he had no formal training in an era where vocal proficiency was arguably the norm for most rock bands. His signature cracks, hiccups, snarls, crooning and youthful voice made his one of punk rock's most recognizable voices. Allmusic.com claims that "Joey Ramone's signature bleat was the voice of punk rock in America."^[1] As his vocals matured and deepened through his career, so did the Ramones' songwriting, leaving a notable difference from Joey's initial melodic and callow style—two notable tracks serving as examples are "Somebody Put Something in My Drink" and "Mama's Boy".

Other projects[link]

Joey Ramone was honored with the creation of "Joey Ramone Place" outside the address of CBGB in New York City.

In 1985, Ramone joined Little Steven Van Zandt's music-industry activist group Artists United Against Apartheid which acted against the Sun City resort in South Africa. Ramone and forty-nine other top recording artists, including Bruce Springsteen, U2, Bob Dylan and Run DMC, collaborated on the song "Sun City" in which they pledged they would never perform at the resort.

In 1994, Ramone appeared on the Helen Love album Love and Glitter, Hot Days and Music singing the track "Punk Boy". Helen Love returned the favor, singing on Ramone's song "Mr. Punchy".

In October 1996 Ramone headlined the "Rock The Reservation" ^[7] alternative rock festival in Tuba City, Arizona. 'Joey Ramone & the Resistance' (Daniel Rey on guitar, John Connor on bass guitar and Roger Murdock on drums) debuted Ramone's interpretation of Louis Armstrong's "Wonderful World' live, and as well as Ramone's choice of Ramones classics and some of his favorite bands and songs; The Dave Clark Five's "Any Way You Want It", The Who's "The Kids are Alright and The Stooges' "No Fun."

Ramone co-wrote and recorded the song "Meatball Sandwich" with Youth Gone Mad. For a short time before his death, he took the role of manager and producer for the punk rock group The Independents.^[8]

His last recording as a vocalist was singing backup vocals on the CD One Nation Under by the Dine Navajo rock group Blackfire. He appeared on two tracks, "What Do You See" and "Lying to Myself". The CD, released in 2002, won "Best Pop/Rock Album of the Year" at the 2002 Native American Music Awards.^[9]

Ramone also produced the Ronnie Spector album, She Talks to Rainbows, in 1999. It was critically acclaimed, but did not perform too well with the public and went virtually unnoticed. The title track was previously on the Ramones' last studio album, ¡Adios Amigos!.

Death and influence[link]

Headstone for Joey Ramone with fan tributes

Joey Ramone died of lymphoma at New York-Presbyterian Hospital on April 15, 2001, after a seven-year battle.^[10] He was reportedly listening to the song "In a Little While" by U2 when he died.^[11] This was during U2's Elevation Tour, and from that point on during shows Bono would introduce the song as a tune that was originally about a lovestruck hangover but that Joey turned it into a gospel song.^[12]

His solo album Don't Worry About Me was released posthumously in 2002, and features the single "What a Wonderful World", a cover of the Louis Armstrong standard. MTV News claimed: "With his trademark rose-colored shades, black leather jacket, shoulder-length hair, ripped jeans and alternately snarling and crooning vocals, Joey was the iconic godfather of punk."^[13]

On November 30, 2003, a block of East 2nd Street in New York City was officially renamed Joey Ramone Place.^[14] It is the block where Hyman once lived with bandmate Dee Dee Ramone, and is near the former site of the music club CBGB, where the Ramones got their start. Hyman's birthday is celebrated annually by rock 'n' roll nightclubs, hosted in New York City by his brother and, until 2007, his mother, Charlotte. Joey Ramone was interred at Hillside Cemetery in Lyndhurst, New Jersey.^[15]

In 2001, when Joey Ramone died, the Ramones were named as inductees to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, prior to the actual ceremony held early the following year.

Several songs have been presented as a tribute to Joey Ramone, including "Hello Joe" by Blondie from the album The Curse of Blondie, "Don't Take Me For Granted" by Social Distortion and "Here's To You" by Minus3, "You Can't Kill Joey Ramone" by Sloppy Seconds and Joey, by Raimundos. In addition, surviving Ramones Tommy, CJ and Marky and Daniel Rey came together in 2002 to record Jed Davis's Joey Ramone tribute, "The Bowery Electric".^[16]

In September 2010, the Associated Press reported that "Joey Ramone Place," a sign at the corner of Bowery and East Second Street was New York City's most stolen sign. As of September 27, the sign has been moved to 20 feet above ground level. Drummer Marky Ramone thought Joey would appreciate the fact that his sign would be the most stolen adding "Now you have to be an NBA player to see it."^[17]

After several years in development, Ramone's second posthumous album was released on May 22, 2012. Titled Ya Know?, it was preceded on Record Store Day by a 7" single re-release of Blitzkrieg Bop/Havana Affair ^[18]

Discography[link]

Solo[link]

• Don't Worry About Me (2002)
• Ya Know? (2012)

EPs[link]

• In a Family Way – Sibling Rivalry (1994)
• Ramones: Leathers from New York – The Ramones and Joey Ramone (solo) (1997)
• Christmas Spirit...In My House (2002)

Singles[link]

• "I Got You Babe" - (1982) (Duet with Holly Beth Vincent)
• "What a Wonderful World" (2002)
• "Rock And Roll Is The Answer" / "There's Got To Be More To Life" (2012)

Memorial books[link]

• Jari-Pekka Laitio-Ramone (2002). Heaven Needed A Lead Singer: Fans Remember Joey Ramone. TMI Ramoniac. ISBN 978-951-98965-0-2. 
• Jari-Pekka Laitio-Ramone (2004). Rock In Peace: Dee Dee And Joey Ramone. (self published). ISBN 978-951-98965-1-9. 
• Mickey Leigh (2009). I Slept with Joey Ramone: A Family Memoir. Touchstone. ISBN 978-0-7432-5216-4. 

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Joey Ramone

• The Official Joey Ramone Website
• Monte A. Melnick, Ramones Tour Manager "On The Road With The Ramones"
• Joey's memorial section in Jari-Pekka Laitio-Ramone's site

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