Two women dressed in abayat and niqāb. Abaya is the dress and niqāb is the face covering.

The abaya "cloak" (Arabic: عباية‎ ʿabāyah or عباءة ʿabā'ah, plural عبائات /عبايات ʿabāyāt), sometimes also called an aba, is a simple, loose over-garment, essentially a robe-like dress, worn by some women in parts of the Islamic world including in North Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.^[1] Traditional abayat are black and may be either a large square of fabric draped from the shoulders or head or a long caftan. The abaya covers the whole body except the face, feet, and hands. It can be worn with the niqāb, a face veil covering all but the eyes. Some women choose to wear long black gloves, so their hands are covered as well.

The Indonesian and Malaysian women's traditional dress kebaya gets its name from the abaya.

Rationale[link]

The rationale behind the abaya is dealt with at greater length in the article Niqab.

Often the Quranic quote, "O Prophet, tell your wives and daughters, and the believing women, to cover themselves with a loose garment. They will thus be recognised and no harm will come to them" 33:59 (Translated by Ahmed Ali) is given as the argument for wearing the abaya.

The abaya is most common in countries with large Salafi Muslim populations, as the entire body, including face and hands are considered elements of the awrah: that which should be concealed in public from males unrelated by blood or marriage.

Countries[link]

Outside the few Arab states and Saudi Arabia, in nations with large Muslim populations, such as India, Indonesia and Iranit is uncommon, however many in those countries do wear it.

Middle East[link]

In Saudi Arabia, they require women to cover in public.^[2] In Iran, the cover is often referred to as a chador. In South Asia, it is known as a burqa.

United Kingdom[link]

Abayas are not restricted to the East. In cities with strong Islamic communities such as London, Birmingham and Bradford, the abaya is worn by many Muslim women, increasingly commonly with the niqab (face veil). There are numerous shops and online stores selling abayas in the U.K.^{[citation needed]}

Styles[link]

Abayat are known by various names but serve the same purpose, which is to cover. Contemporary models are usually caftans, cut from light, flowing fabrics like crepe, georgette, and chiffon. Styles differ from region to region: some abayat have embroidery on black fabric while others are brightly coloured and have different forms of artwork across them.

See also[link]

	Islam portal
	Fashion portal
	Middle East portal

• List of types of sartorial hijab
• Islam and clothing
• Alyashmac Abaya & Jalabyia home page

References[link]

External links[link]

• Kaur-Jones, Priya. "Reinventing the Saudi abaya." BBC. 12 May 2011.

Marilou Diaz-Abaya is a multi-awarded film director in the Philippines. She is the founder and current president of the Marilou Diaz-Abaya Film Institute and Arts Center, a film school based in Antipolo City, Philippines. She is the director of José Rizal, a biopicture on the Philippines' national hero.

Early life[link]

Diaz was born in Quezon City in 1955. She studied in private schools (St. Theresa's College being one of them), eventually graduating from Assumption College with a degree in Bachelor of Arts, major in Communication Arts in 1976. She went to Los Angeles for further studies and graduated from Loyola Marymount University with a degree in Master of Arts in Film and Television in 1978. She then went to London and completed the Film Course at London International Film School also in 1978.^[1]

Career[link]

Diaz directed and released her first feature film, Tanikala (Chains) in 1980. Since then, she has been one of the most active and visible directors in Philippine cinema.^[1]

Her early films Brutal, Karnal (Of the Flesh), and Alyas Baby Tsina, sharply condemn the oppressive social system during the administration of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. When the Marcos was deposed in 1986, Diaz left filmmaking.^[1]

Diaz produced television programs for several years. Her work attempts to reflect the social and political problems to attain social reform. She admittedly uses her work as a tool to uphold, promote, and protect the state of democracy in the Philippines.^[1]

In 1995, she again directed films, beginning with the release of Ipaglaban Mo (Redeem Her Honor). She continued directing such films as May Nagmamahal Sa Iyo (Madonna and Child), Sa Pusod Ng Dagat (In the Navel of the Sea), Jose Rizal, and Muro Ami (Reef Hunters). Her body of work is a continuous examination of difficult social problems in the country. Her works often deal with the lives of the Filipino poor, women, and children who struggle to survive under harsh conditions.^[1]

Arguably her most famous work, José Rizal, featured actor and 2007 Philippine senatorial candidate Cesar Montano playing the national hero as an ordinary human being, artist, and struggling doctor.^[1]

A Japanese award-giving body described her body of work to be "harmoniously blending entertainment, social consciousness, and ethnic awareness." The organization continued by saying: "(Her work) has won acclaim both in the Philippines and abroad for its high level of artistic achievement. It is an ideal manifestation of the artistic culture of Asia, and so is most deserving of the Arts and Culture Prize of the Fukuoka Asian Culture Prizes."^[2]

Awards[link]

Diaz is the 2001 Laureate of the Fukuoka Prize for Culture and the Arts in Japan. She has won numerous directing awards from award-giving bodies such as the Metro Manila Film Festival, the Urian Awards, the Film Academy of the Philippines, the Famas Awards, the Star Awards, the Catholic Mass Media Awards, the British Film Institute Award, the International Federation of Film Critics Award (FIPRESCI), and the Network of Pan Asian Cinema Award (NETPAC).^[1]

Organizations[link]

Diaz remains an active film and television producer and director. She is also a director of the Film Development Council of the Philippines, the current president of the Marilou Diaz-Abaya Film Institute and Arts Center and Dive Solana Inc., a film instructor at the Ateneo de Manila University, a trustee of the Jesuit Communications Foundation and the AMANU Media Apostolate, and an active member of the Silsilah Dialogue Movement for Peace, the Artists for Peace, the Mothers for Peace, and the World Association of Psycho-Socio Rehabilitation.^[1]

Filmography[link]

Diaz has directed at least twenty-one (21) full length feature films which include internationally exhibited films with English titles and subtitles. The partial list includes the following:^[3]

• 1980: Tanikala (Chains), written by Pablo Gomez, produced by Cine Filipinas Productions, starring Susan Roces, Bobby Vasquez, Eddie Garcia and Rita Gomez.
• 1980: Brutal (Brutal), written by Ricky Lee, produced by Bancom Audiovision, starring Amy Austria, Jay Ilagan, Johnny Delgado, Charo Santos; multi-awards from the 1980 Metro Manila Film Festival, Film Academy of the Philippines, FAMAS; exhibited at the PIA Film Festival, Tokyo.
• 1982 : Moral (Moral), written by Ricky Lee, produced by Seven Star Productions, starring Lorna Tolentino, Gina Alajar, Sandy Andolong, Ana Marin, Laurice Guillen; rated A by the Film Ratings Board; 1984 British Film Institute Outstanding Film of the Year.
• 1983 : Karnal (Of the Flesh), rated A by the Film Ratings Board, written by Ricky Lee, produced by Cine Suerte productions; starring Charito Solis, Vic Silayan, Phillip Salvador, Joel Torre, Cecile Castillo; Multi-awards from 1984 Metro Manila Film Festival, FAMAS, Film Academy of the Philippines, Catholic Mass Media; Gawad Urian Pelikula ng Dekada 80; exhibited in Sceaux, Paris Women’s Film Festival (1985); in retrospective in Munich and Düsseldorf (1999).
• 1984: Baby Tsina, written by Ricky Lee, produced by Viva Films; starring Vilma Santos, Phillip Salvador, Caridad Sanchez; exhibited in ASEAN Festival, Tokyo (1988).
• 1986: "Sensual (Of the Senses)"; starring Barbara Benitez, Lito Gruet, and Ms. Charito Solis; opened on February 22, the first day of 1986 EDSA People Power Revolution
• 1992: Kung Ako'y Iiwan Mo, written by Amado Lacuesta, produced by Regal Films’ starring Lorna Tolentino, Gabby Concepcion.
• 1994 : Ikalabing-Isang Utos [Mahalin Mo, Asawa Mo] [11th Commandment: Love Your Spouse/Husband], produced by Regal Films; starring Aiko Melendez, Gabby Concepcion, Edu Manzano, Maricel Laxa.
• 1995 : Ipaglaban Mo, The Movie, written by Ricky Lee, produced by Star Cinema; starring Nida Blanca, Ronaldo Valdez, Elizabeth Oropesa, Chin Chin Gutierrez, Sharmaine Arnaiz, Joel Torre, Ricky Davao; exhibited at the Fukuoka International Film Festival (1995), Tokyo (1995), New Delhi (1996).
• 1997 : Milagros (Milagros), written by Rolando Tinio, produced by Crown Seven, starring Elizabeth Oropesa, Sharmaine Arnaiz, Dante Rivero, Joel Torre, Raymond Bagatsing, Noni Buencamino; exhibited at the Film Festivals of Fukuoka, Tokyo, Pusan, Munich, Düsseldorf; Gawad Urian Pelikula ng Dekada 90.
• 1997 : Sa Pusod Ng Dagat (In the Navel of the Sea), written by Jun Lana, produced by GMA Films; starring Jomari Yllana, Elizabeth Oropesa, Chin Chin Gutierrez, Rolando Tinio, Jhong Hilario; exhibited at the film festivals in Berlin, Munich, Düsseldorf, Singapore, Brussels, Fukuoka, Tokyo, Pusan, Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Hawaii, and others; NETPAC Award; FIPRESCI award.
• 1998 : José Rizal, written by Ricky Lee, Jun Lana, produced by GMA Films; starring Cesar Montano, Jaime Fabregas, Gina Alajar, Jhong Hilario, Gloria Diaz, Pen Medina; multi-awarded by the Metro Manila Film Festival (1998), Gawad Urian, Star Awards, FAMAS; commercially released at the Iwanami Hall, Tokyo (2000); exhibited at the film festivals of Berlin, Munich, Düsseldorf, Madrid, Paris, Singapore, Fukuoka, Tokyo, Pusan, Monteal, Vancouver, Guggenheim Museum of New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, San Diego, Hawaii, and others.
• 1999: Muro Ami (Reef Hunters), written by Ricky Lee, Jun Lana, produced by GMA Films; starring Cesar Montano, Amy Austria, Pen Medina, Jhong Hilario; multi-awarded by the Metro Manila Film Festival (1999), FAMAS, Star Awards; exhibited in the film festivals in Fukuoka, Tokyo, Los Angeles, Hawaii, and others.
• 2001: Bagong Buwan (New Moon), written by Marilou Diaz-Abaya, Ricky Lee, Jun Lana, produced by Bahaghari Productions and Star Cinema; starring Cesar Montano, Amy Austria, Caridad Sanchez, Jhong Hilario, Noni Buencamino, Ronnie Lazaro, Jericho Rosales; rated A by the Film Ratings Board; multi-awarded by the Metro Manila Film Festival (2001); exhibited at the film festivals of Asia Society of New York, Fukuoka, Tokyo, Pusan, Hawaii, and others.
• 2003 : Noon at Ngayon (Then and Now), written by Ricky Lee, produced by Star Cinema; starring Dina Bonnevie, Laurice Guillen, Jericho Rosales, Cherrie Pie Picache, Eula Valdez, Jean Garcia; rate A by the Cinema Evaluation Board; exhibited at the film festivals of Hawaii, Fukuoka, Tokyo, San Francisco, and others.
• 2011 : "Ikaw Ang Pag-Ibig", written and directed by Marilou Diaz-Abaya; starring: Ina Feleo, Jomari Yllana, Marvin Agustin, Shamaine Centenera-Buencamino, Nonie Buencamino, Yogo Singh, Eddie Garcia, Jaime Fabregas, among many others.

Unfinished films:

• 1986 : "Four Days In February" (about the 4-day People Power Revolution, in EDSA); shelved due to political reasons.
• 1990 : "Victory Boy" (about the presence of US Bases in the Philippines; particularly the US Naval Base, in Subic, Olongapo City); supposed to star then Senator Joseph Ejercito Estrada and Philippine superstar Nora Aunor; shelved due to political reasons; discontinued when the US Military Bases were removed in 1991.

Videography[link]

Diaz has also directed television shows such as the following:^[3]

• Public Forum (1986-1995), a public affairs talk show hosted by Randy David.
• Sic O'Clock News (1987-1992), a news satire program.
• Various documentaries including Silsilah Dialogue Movement for God's Peace.
• Men of Light, a weekly talk show on the scriptures based in San Fernando, Pampanga, hosted by Fr. Pablo David, Fr. Raul de los Santos, and Fr. Deo Galang.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Marilou Diaz-Abaya Film Institute and Arts Center
• GMA Films
• Star Cinema
• The Marilou Diaz-Abaya Film Institute Experience

v t e Cinema of the Philippines Films (A - Z) Films by year: 1919–1939 • 1940s • 1950s • 1960s • 1970s • 1980s • 1990s • 2000s • 2010s • List of Philippine submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film • List of highest-grossing films in the Philippines Actors (A - Z) List of Filipino actors • List of Filipina actresses   Film director Directors Richard Abelardo • Khryss Adalia • Tikoy Aguiluz • Mac Alejandre • Adolfo Alix, Jr. • Juan Paolo Aquino • Jun Aristorenas • Luis Eduardo Aute • Lamberto V. Avellana • Florida M. Bautista • Ishmael Bernal •Joyce E. Bernal • Lino Brocka • Carlo J. Caparas • Nemesio E. Caravana • Chiquito (actor) • José Clímaco • Agapito Conchu • Conrado Conde • Manuel Conde • Fely Crisóstomo • Mike De Leon • Maryo J. de los Reyes • Lav Diaz • Marilou Diaz-Abaya • Pepe Diokno • Melania Dolorico • Dolphy • Ramon A. Estella • Jeyow Evangelista • Real Florido • John Gale • Peque Gallaga • Eddie Garcia • Laurice Guillen • Roy C. Iglesias • Louie Ignacio • Joel Lamangan • Lito Lapid • Yam Laranas • Cholo Laurel • Topel Lee • Gerardo de León • Joey Marquez • Mark Meily • Brillante Mendoza • Rosa Mia • Willie Milan • Cathy Garcia Molina • Cesar Montano • Edgar Mortiz • José Nepomuceno • Mario O'Hara • Teddy Page • Gilbert Perez • Fernando Poe, Jr. • Gil Portes • Rory Quintos • Eric Quizon • Efren Reyes, Sr. • José Javier Reyes • Mark A. Reyes • Eddie Romero • Chito S. Roño • Roxlee • Cirio H. Santiago • Manuel Silos • Auraeus Solito • Bobby A. Suarez • Kidlat Tahimik • Al Tantay • Mike Tuviera • Lou Veloso • José de Villa • Brian Yuzna   Film festival Metro Manila Film Festival Festival by Years • Best Picture • Best Actor • Best Actress • Best Supporting Actor • Best Supporting Actress • Best Director Other Festivals Cinemalaya Philippine Independent Film Festival • Cinemanila International Film Festival • Pelicula (Film Festival) • Pride International Film Festival   Award giving bodies Philippine Film Awards • Grand Slam FAMAS Best Picture • Best Director • Lou Salvador Sr. Memorial Award • Huwarang Bituin ng FAMAS Award • Centennial Award • Natatanging Alagad ng Sining Award Gawad Genio Awards 1st Gawad Genio Awards • 2nd Gawad Genio Awards • 3rd Gawad Genio Awards • 4th Gawad Genio Awards Film Academy of the Philippines No list available Gawad Urian Awards Best Pictures   Other film crews Producers Tikoy Aguiluz • Jun Aristorenas • Narcisa de Leon • Espiridion Laxa • Lily Monteverde • Gil Portes • Eric Quizon • Eddie Romero • Lou Salvador • Charo Santos-Concio • Armida Siguion-Reyna Cinematographers Tikoy Aguiluz • Jeyow Evangelista Editors Jose Nepomuceno • Gervacio Santos Screenwriters Aloy Adlawan • Tikoy Aguiluz • Mac Alejandre • Adolfo Alix, Jr. • Lino Brocka • Celso Al. Carunungan • Dode Cruz • Mike De Leon • Wenn V. Deramas • Suzette Doctolero • Jose F. Lacaba • Jun Lana • Cholo Laurel • Topel Lee • Marlon Miguel • Willie Milan • Denoy Navarro-Punio • R.J. Nuevas • Mario O'Hara • Don Michael Perez • Gil Portes • Eric Quizon • Mark A. Reyes • Eddie Romero • Auraeus Solito • Gina Marissa Tagasa-Gil • Mike Tuviera Composers Ryan Cayabyab • Joy Nilo • Gerard Salonga • Gary Valenciano   Film school Film schools Asia Pacific Film Institute • De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde • International Academy of Film and Television • University of the Philippines Diliman   Production company and Film studio Production Companies and film studios APT Entertainment • Bigfoot Entertainment • Cinema Artists • GMA Films • LVN Pictures (defunct) • Regal Entertainment • Sampaguita Pictures • Seiko Films • Star Cinema • Studio 5 • VIVA Films

Me, Myself & Irene is a 2000 American comedy film directed by the Farrelly brothers, and starring Jim Carrey and Renée Zellweger. Chris Cooper, Robert Forster, Richard Jenkins, Daniel Greene, Anthony Anderson, Jerod Mixon, and Mongo Brownlee co-star. The film is about a Rhode Island state trooper named Charlie who, after years of continuously suppressing his rage and feelings, suffers a psychotic breakdown which results in a second personality, Hank.

Plot[link]

Charlie Baileygates (Jim Carrey) is an 18-year veteran Rhode Island State Police trooper who has been taken advantage of by people throughout most of his life. Immediately after his marriage, his wife, Layla (Traylor Howard), cheats on him with a dwarf African-American limousine driver, named Shonté (Tony Cox), who, like Layla, is a member of the high IQ group Mensa. Although Charlie's friends try informing him of his wife's infidelity, he still denies the possibility. One year later, Layla abandons Charlie and runs off with Shonté; leaving Charlie to raise three biracial sons who are the products of Layla's adulterous affair with the limo driver. Charlie never sees his wife again. Charlie raises his illegitimate triplet sons using very vulgar language and spoiling them with sweets and unbalanced diets. Charlie's three sons become obese and foul-mouthed young adults, but they are also highly intelligent (like their real father) and they treat Charlie much better than anyone else. His wife's affair and abandonment leaves Charlie so emotionally damaged that he lets himself be abused and taken advantage of by others. Despite his friendliness and his being a police officer, the townspeople reject Charlie's authority with open scorn.

After many years of continuous abuse by the people around him, his anger builds up and Charlie develops a rude and violent split personality named Hank, caused by "advanced delusionary schizophrenia with involuntary narcissistic rage". As Hank, he goes around retaliating against anyone who has accosted him — and even harms those who really haven't. A psychiatrist prescribes a medicine to keep Hank suppressed.

Believing that Charlie needs a vacation, his commanding officer (Robert Forster), orders him to escort a woman named Irene Waters (Renée Zellweger) from Rhode Island to Massena, New York, because she reportedly committed a hit-and-run. Irene insists the hit-and-run accusation was created by Dickie, Irene's mob-connected ex-boyfriend, and corrupt police officers in his employ. When some hit men arrive with a contract on Irene's life, Charlie agrees to help her escape, while a United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) agent is killed by the hit men. Charlie leaves his medicine behind, causing his alter ego, Hank, to surface any time he wants.

The FBI suspects that Charlie is responsible for assassinating the EPA agent. The FBI joins Charlie's commander in pursuing Charlie and Irene. Charlie's sons pretend to work with the police to find their father, but throw the police off his trail and even steal a police helicopter to get to Charlie before the police do.

Along the way, Irene and Charlie grow close. However, Hank's random appearances both disgust and frighten Irene. Hank's aggression and resourcefulness aid in their survival, but Irene finds herself attracted to Charlie. Hank tells Irene the truth about Charlie's life, and how years of humiliation have destroyed Charlie's confidence as a man and a police officer. Hank has plastic surgery performed on Charlie's face, and uses hours of careful cunning to trick Irene into sleeping with him by posing as the good-natured Charlie. They meet a mild-mannered but mysterious young man named Whitey (who has pale skin and white-blonde hair). They continue their journey as a trio, until Whitey calmly tells Charlie the (fictional) story of how he brutally murdered his entire family. Charlie and Irene, frightened by this, sneak away in the night.

Meanwhile, Dickie orders corrupt agents to kill both Charlie and Irene. After they fail, Dickie decides to settle the matter himself. During the confrontation with Dickie, Charlie finally manages to eliminate the alternate personality and regain the courage to rescue Irene. Eventually, he manages to stop Dickie, but only after Dickie shoots off one of Charlie's thumbs. Charlie is also aided in the fight by Whitey, who reappears to throw a lawn dart into Dickie's back. With Hank gone, and Dickie's crew dead or behind bars, Irene is finally free to return to her old life. However, just after she drives away from Charlie's house, the Rhode Island State Police fakes an arrest on her and gives Charlie a chance to propose to her.

Cast[link]

• Jim Carrey as Charlie Baileygates/Hank Evans
• Renée Zellweger as Irene P. Waters
• Chris Cooper as Lt. Gerke
• Robert Forster as Colonel Partington
• Richard Jenkins as Agent Boshane
• Zen Gesner as Agent Peterson
• Michael Bowman as Casper/Whitey/Milky
• Daniel Greene as Dickie Thurman
• Anthony Anderson as Jamal Baileygates
• Mongo Brownlee as Lee Harvey Baileygates
• Jerod Mixon as Shonté Jr. Baileygates
• Tony Cox as Shonté Jackson
• Steve Tyler as Delivery Room Doctor
• Traylor Howard as Layla Baileygates
• Richard Tyson as Gun shop owner
• Cam Neely as Trooper Sea Bass
• Ezra Buzzington as Disabled guy
• Lin Shaye (deleted scenes) as Mrs. Caleron
• Lina Teal as Bikini girl
• Richard Pryor and Chris Rock (archive footage, uncredited) as Stand-up comedians on TV
• Anna Kournikova and Cam Neely appear in cameo roles

[edit] Music

The film's original score was written by Pete Yorn, while the movie's soundtrack contains several covers of Steely Dan songs performed by other bands. Examples are Smash Mouth's cover of "Do It Again", Ben Folds Five's cover of "Barrytown", and Marvelous 3's cover of "Reelin' in the Years". Other songs include "Breakout" by Foo Fighters, "Totalimmortal", originally by AFI but covered by The Offspring, "The World Ain't Slowin' Down" by Ellis Paul, and "Strange Condition" by Pete Yorn.

1. "Breakout" - Foo Fighters
2. "Do It Again"+ - Smash Mouth
3. "Deep Inside of You" - Third Eye Blind
4. "Totalimmortal" - The Offspring
5. "The World Ain't Slowin' Down" - Ellis Paul
6. "Any Major Dude Will Tell You"+ - Wilco
7. "Only A Fool Would Say That"+ - Ivy
8. "Can't Find The Time To Tell You" - Hootie & The Blowfish
9. "Bodhisattva"+ - Brian Setzer Orchestra
10. "Bad Sneakers"+ - The Push Stars
11. "Reelin' In The Years"+ - Marvelous 3
12. "Strange Condition" - Pete Yorn
13. "Barrytown"+ - Ben Folds Five
14. "Razor Boy"+ - Billy Goodrum
15. "Where He Can Hide" - Tom Wolfe

+Steely Dan cover

"Motherfucker" by The Dwarves, "Fire Like This" by Hardknox, "Don't Say You Don't Remember" by Beverly Bremers, "The Perpetrator" by Hipster Daddy-O and the Handgrenades, and "Hem of Your Garment" by Cake were included in the movie but not on the soundtrack. Pete Yorn's, Just Another can also be heard it the background, during the scene where they discuss Hank's Idea. Other songs, that appeared in the film are not included on the soundtrack album.

Reception[link]

Box office[link]

The film had the biggest opening on the weekend of June 23, 2000 making US$24.2 million in its opening weekend. The film earned $90,570,999 in the United States, and a further $58,700,000 internationally for a worldwide total of $149,270,999.

[edit] Critical response

The film received generally mixed reviews. Review website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a score of 48%, based on 96 reviews, and an average rating of 5.3/10, with the consensus that "The Farrellys manage to produce some laughs with Irene, but the jokes have become tired." ^[1]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Me, Myself & Irene

• Me, Myself & Irene at the Internet Movie Database
• Me, Myself & Irene at AllRovi
• Me, Myself & Irene at Box Office Mojo
• Me, Myself & Irene at Rotten Tomatoes