42°

42nd parallel north

The 42nd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 42 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean.

At this latitude the sun is visible for 15 hours, 15 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 7 minutes during the winter solstice.^[1]

Around the world[link]

Starting at the Prime Meridian and heading eastwards, the parallel 42° north passes through:

Co-ordinates	Country, territory or sea	Notes
42°0′N 0°0′E / 42°N 0°E / 42; 0 (Prime Meridian)	Spain	Passing just north of Girona
42°0′N 3°11′E / 42°N 3.183°E / 42; 3.183 (Mediterranean Sea)	Mediterranean Sea
42°0′N 8°39′E / 42°N 8.65°E / 42; 8.65 (France)	France	Island of Corsica
42°0′N 9°27′E / 42°N 9.45°E / 42; 9.45 (Mediterranean Sea)	Mediterranean Sea	Tyrrhenian Sea
42°0′N 11°58′E / 42°N 11.967°E / 42; 11.967 (Italy)	Italy
42°0′N 15°0′E / 42°N 15°E / 42; 15 (Adriatic Sea)	Adriatic Sea
42°0′N 19°9′E / 42°N 19.15°E / 42; 19.15 (Montenegro)	Montenegro
42°0′N 19°23′E / 42°N 19.383°E / 42; 19.383 (Albania)	Albania
42°0′N 20°37′E / 42°N 20.617°E / 42; 20.617 (Kosovo)	Kosovo	Partially recognised as an independent state - claimed by  Serbia
42°0′N 20°46′E / 42°N 20.767°E / 42; 20.767 (Macedonia)	Macedonia	Passing through Skopje
42°0′N 22°52′E / 42°N 22.867°E / 42; 22.867 (Bulgaria)	Bulgaria
42°0′N 26°56′E / 42°N 26.933°E / 42; 26.933 (Turkey)	Turkey
42°0′N 27°25′E / 42°N 27.417°E / 42; 27.417 (Bulgaria)	Bulgaria
42°0′N 27°51′E / 42°N 27.85°E / 42; 27.85 (Turkey)	Turkey	For about 3km
42°0′N 27°53′E / 42°N 27.883°E / 42; 27.883 (Bulgaria)	Bulgaria
42°0′N 28°2′E / 42°N 28.033°E / 42; 28.033 (Black Sea)	Black Sea
42°0′N 33°17′E / 42°N 33.283°E / 42; 33.283 (Turkey)	Turkey
42°0′N 33°34′E / 42°N 33.567°E / 42; 33.567 (Black Sea)	Black Sea
42°0′N 34°52′E / 42°N 34.867°E / 42; 34.867 (Turkey)	Turkey
42°0′N 35°7′E / 42°N 35.117°E / 42; 35.117 (Black Sea)	Black Sea
42°0′N 41°45′E / 42°N 41.75°E / 42; 41.75 (Georgia)	Georgia
42°0′N 46°5′E / 42°N 46.083°E / 42; 46.083 (Russia)	Russia	Dagestan - For about 2km
42°0′N 46°7′E / 42°N 46.117°E / 42; 46.117 (Georgia)	Georgia	For about 3km
42°0′N 46°9′E / 42°N 46.15°E / 42; 46.15 (Russia)	Russia	Dagestan
42°0′N 48°20′E / 42°N 48.333°E / 42; 48.333 (Caspian Sea)	Caspian Sea
42°0′N 52°27′E / 42°N 52.45°E / 42; 52.45 (Kazakhstan)	Kazakhstan
42°0′N 52°48′E / 42°N 52.8°E / 42; 52.8 (Turkmenistan)	Turkmenistan
42°0′N 54°51′E / 42°N 54.85°E / 42; 54.85 (Kazakhstan)	Kazakhstan
42°0′N 56°0′E / 42°N 56°E / 42; 56 (Uzbekistan)	Uzbekistan
42°0′N 57°10′E / 42°N 57.167°E / 42; 57.167 (Turkmenistan)	Turkmenistan
42°0′N 60°0′E / 42°N 60°E / 42; 60 (Uzbekistan)	Uzbekistan
42°0′N 66°0′E / 42°N 66°E / 42; 66 (Kazakhstan)	Kazakhstan
42°0′N 70°20′E / 42°N 70.333°E / 42; 70.333 (Uzbekistan)	Uzbekistan
42°0′N 70°50′E / 42°N 70.833°E / 42; 70.833 (Kyrgyzstan)	Kyrgyzstan
42°0′N 79°50′E / 42°N 79.833°E / 42; 79.833 (China)	People's Republic of China	Xinjiang Gansu Inner Mongolia
42°0′N 103°3′E / 42°N 103.05°E / 42; 103.05 (Mongolia)	Mongolia
42°0′N 105°56′E / 42°N 105.933°E / 42; 105.933 (China)	People's Republic of China	Inner Mongolia Hebei Inner Mongolia Hebei Inner Mongolia Hebei Inner Mongolia Liaoning Inner Mongolia Liaoning Jilin
42°0′N 128°3′E / 42°N 128.05°E / 42; 128.05 (North Korea)	North Korea	Passing through Baekdu Mountain
42°0′N 128°29′E / 42°N 128.483°E / 42; 128.483 (China)	People's Republic of China	Jilin (for about 8 km)
42°0′N 128°34′E / 42°N 128.567°E / 42; 128.567 (North Korea)	North Korea
42°0′N 130°2′E / 42°N 130.033°E / 42; 130.033 (Sea of Japan)	Sea of Japan	Passing just south of Okushiri Island,  Japan
42°0′N 140°7′E / 42°N 140.117°E / 42; 140.117 (Japan)	Japan	Island of Hokkaidō
42°0′N 140°53′E / 42°N 140.883°E / 42; 140.883 (Pacific Ocean)	Pacific Ocean
42°0′N 143°9′E / 42°N 143.15°E / 42; 143.15 (Japan)	Japan	Island of Hokkaidō
42°0′N 143°15′E / 42°N 143.25°E / 42; 143.25 (Pacific Ocean)	Pacific Ocean
42°0′N 124°13′W / 42°N 124.217°W / 42; -124.217 (United States)	United States	Oregon / California border Oregon / Nevada border Idaho / Nevada border Idaho / Utah border Wyoming Nebraska Iowa Illinois - passing through Chicago
42°0′N 87°39′W / 42°N 87.65°W / 42; -87.65 (Lake Michigan)	Lake Michigan
42°0′N 86°33′W / 42°N 86.55°W / 42; -86.55 (United States)	United States	Michigan
42°0′N 83°11′W / 42°N 83.183°W / 42; -83.183 (Lake Erie)	Lake Erie
42°0′N 82°58′W / 42°N 82.967°W / 42; -82.967 (Canada)	Canada	Ontario
42°0′N 82°29′W / 42°N 82.483°W / 42; -82.483 (Lake Erie)	Lake Erie
42°0′N 80°26′W / 42°N 80.433°W / 42; -80.433 (United States)	United States	Pennsylvania (Erie County) New York / Pennsylvania border New York Connecticut - running just south of the border with Massachusetts Rhode Island - running just south of the border with Massachusetts Massachusetts
42°0′N 70°42′W / 42°N 70.7°W / 42; -70.7 (Cape Cod Bay)	Cape Cod Bay
42°0′N 70°5′W / 42°N 70.083°W / 42; -70.083 (United States)	United States	Massachusetts (Cape Cod)
42°0′N 70°2′W / 42°N 70.033°W / 42; -70.033 (Atlantic Ocean)	Atlantic Ocean
42°0′N 8°53′W / 42°N 8.883°W / 42; -8.883 (Spain)	Spain
42°0′N 8°39′W / 42°N 8.65°W / 42; -8.65 (Portugal)	Portugal
42°0′N 8°7′W / 42°N 8.117°W / 42; -8.117 (Spain)	Spain

United States[link]

The parallel 42° north forms most of the New York-Pennsylvania border, although due to imperfect surveying in 1785–1786, this boundary wanders around on both sides of the true parallel. The area around the parallel in this region is known as the Twin Tiers.

The 42nd parallel became agreed upon as the northward limit of the Spanish Empire by the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819 with the United States, which established the parallel as the border between the Viceroyality of New Spain of the Kingdom of Spain and the western territory of the United States of America from the meridian of the headwaters of the Arkansas River west to the Pacific Ocean.^[2] The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848 then ceded much of what was then northern Mexico to the United States; as a result, the northernmost U.S. states which were created from Mexican territory (California, Nevada, and Utah) have the parallel 42° north as their northern border, and the adjoining U.S. states of Oregon and Idaho have the parallel as their southern border.

The parallel passes through the states of Wyoming, Nebraska, Iowa, Illinois, Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island and Massachusetts, and passes through (or near - within one-half degree of latitude) the following cities in the United States:

• Crescent City, California
• Yreka, California
• Hartford, Connecticut
• Chicago, Illinois
• Des Moines, Iowa
• Boston, Massachusetts
• Springfield, Massachusetts
• Worcester, Massachusetts
• Detroit, Michigan
• Kalamazoo, Michigan
• Albany, New York
• Binghamton, New York
• Cleveland, Ohio
• Toledo, Ohio
• Medford, Oregon
• Erie, Pennsylvania
• Providence, Rhode Island

Canada[link]

The parallel 42° north passes through the southern end of Lake Michigan and Lake Erie. Part of the water boundary between Canada and the United States passes south of the 42nd parallel, and the southern tip of the Canadian province of Ontario just barely goes south of it - this is located at Point Pelee and Pelee Island.

See also[link]

• 41st parallel north
• 43rd parallel north
• The Twin Tiers region of New York and Pennsylvania
• The "Jefferson" region of Oregon and California

References[link]

v t e Circles of latitude / Meridians Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Arctic Circle Antarctic Circle Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Arctic Circle Antarctic Circle Equator Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Capricorn Arctic Circle Antarctic Circle W 0° E 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° 30° 60° 90° 120° 150° 180° 5° 15° 25° 35° 45° 55° 65° 75° 85° 95° 105° 115° 125° 135° 145° 155° 165° 175° 5° 15° 25° 35° 45° 55° 65° 75° 85° 95° 105° 115° 125° 135° 145° 155° 165° 175° 10° 20° 40° 50° 70° 80° 100° 110° 130° 140° 160° 170° 10° 20° 40° 50° 70° 80° 100° 110° 130° 140° 160° 170° 0° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60° 70° 80° 90° 5° N 15° 25° 35° 45° 55° 65° 75° 85° 5° S 15° 25° 35° 45° 55° 65° 75° 85° 45x90 45x90 45x90 45x90

42nd parallel may refer to:

• 42nd parallel north, a circle of latitude in the Northern Hemisphere
• 42nd parallel south, a circle of latitude in the Southern Hemisphere
• A novel "The 42nd Parallel" by John Dos Passos - see U.S.A. trilogy

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Howard Hoagland "Hoagy" Carmichael (November 22, 1899 – December 27, 1981) was an American composer, pianist, singer, actor, and bandleader. He is best known for composing the music for "Stardust", "Georgia On My Mind", "The Nearness of You", and "Heart and Soul", four of the most-recorded American songs of all time.^[2]

Alec Wilder, in his study of the American popular song, concluded that Hoagy Carmichael was the "most talented, inventive, sophisticated and jazz-oriented" of the hundreds of writers composing pop songs in the first half of the 20th century.^[3]

Early life[link]

Born in Bloomington, Indiana, Carmichael was the only son of Howard Clyde Carmichael, of Scottish ancestry,^{[citation needed]} and Lida Mary (Robison). He was named Hoagland after a circus troupe "The Hoaglands" who stayed at the Carmichael house during his mother's pregnancy.^[4] Howard was a horse-drawn taxi driver and electrician, and Lida a versatile pianist who played accompaniment at silent movies and for parties. The family moved frequently, as Howard sought better employment for his growing family. At six, Carmichael started to sing and play the piano, absorbing easily his mother's keyboard skills. By high school, the piano was the focus of his after-school life, and for inspiration he would listen to ragtime pianists Hank Wells and Hube Hanna. At eighteen, the small, wiry, pale Carmichael was living in Indianapolis, trying to help his family’s income working in manual jobs in construction, a bicycle chain factory, and a slaughterhouse. The bleak time was partly spelled by four-handed piano duets with his mother and by his strong friendship with Reg DuValle, black bandleader and pianist known as "the elder statesman of Indiana jazz" and "the Rhythm King", who taught him piano jazz improvization.^[5] The death of his three-year-old sister in 1918 affected him deeply, and he wrote "My sister Joanne—the victim of poverty. We couldn’t afford a good doctor or good attention, and that’s when I vowed I would never be broke again in my lifetime." She may have died from influenza, which had swept the world that year.^[6] Carmichael earned his first money ($5.00) as a musician playing at a fraternity dance that year and began his musical career.^[7]

Carmichael attended Indiana University and the Indiana University School of Law, where he received his Bachelor's degree in 1925 and a law degree in 1926. He was a member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity and played the piano all around the state with his "Collegians" to support his studies. He met, befriended, and played with Bix Beiderbecke, the great cornetist (and sometime pianist) and fellow Mid-westerner. Under Beiderbecke’s spell, Carmichael started to play the cornet as well, but found that he didn't have the lips for it, and only played it for a short while. He was also influenced by Beiderbecke's impressionistic and classical musical ideas. On a visit to Chicago, Carmichael was introduced by Beiderbecke to Louis Armstrong, who was then playing with King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band, and with whom he would collaborate later.

He began to compose songs, "Washboard Blues" and "Boneyard Shuffle" for Curtis Hitch, and also "Riverboat Shuffle", recorded by Beiderbecke, which became a staple of jazz and Carmichael’s first recorded song. After graduating in 1926, he moved to Miami to join a local law firm but, failing the bar exam, returned to Indiana in 1927. He joined an Indiana law firm and passed the state bar, but devoted most of his energies to music, arranging band dates, and "writing tunes".^[8] He had discovered his method of songwriting, which he described later: "You don't write melodies, you find them…If you find the beginning of a good song, and if your fingers do not stray, the melody should come out of hiding in a short time."^[9]

Early career[link]

"Stardust" recalled in the trailer for To Have and Have Not

Later in 1927, Carmichael’s career started off well. Carmichael finished and recorded one of his most famous songs, "Star Dust" (later renamed "Stardust", with Mitchell Parish's lyrics added in 1929), at the Gennett Records studio in Richmond, Indiana, with Carmichael doing the piano solo. The song, an idiosyncratic melody in medium tempo, actually a song about a song, later became an American standard, recorded by hundreds of artists. Shortly thereafter, Carmichael got more recognition when Paul Whiteman recorded "Washboard Blues", with Carmichael playing and singing, and the Dorsey brothers and Bix Beiderbecke in the orchestra. Despite his growing fame, at this stage Carmichael was still held back by his inability to sight-read and notate music properly, though innovative for the time. With coaching, he became more proficient at arranging his own music.

His first major song with his own lyrics was "Rockin' Chair", recorded by Armstrong and Mildred Bailey, and eventually with his own hand-picked studio band (featuring Bix, Bubber Miley, Benny Goodman, Tommy Dorsey, Bud Freeman, Eddie Lang, Joe Venuti, and Gene Krupa) on May 15, 1930. In the future, however, most of his successful songs would have lyrics provided by collaborators. After Carmichael realized he missed making music and was not cut out to be a lawyer, he left his law practice forever and started working with musicals in Hollywood. He stayed with Paul Whiteman’s orchestra for a while but no work came of it and he moved to New York City in the summer of 1929.

1930s[link]

In New York, Carmichael met Duke Ellington's agent and publisher Irving Mills and hired him to set up recording dates. In October 1929 the stock market crashed and Carmichael's hard-earned savings declined substantially. Fortunately, Louis Armstrong then recorded "Rockin' Chair" at Okeh studios, giving a badly needed boost to Carmichael. Carmichael had begun to work at an investment house and was considering a switch in career when he composed "Georgia on My Mind" (lyrics by Stuart Gorrell), perhaps most famous in the Ray Charles rendition recorded many years later.^[10]

Carmichael composed and recorded "Up a Lazy River" in 1930 (lyrics by Sidney Arodin) and the first recorded version of "Stardust" with lyrics (by Mitchell Parish) was recorded by Bing Crosby in 1931. He joined ASCAP in 1931 and began working for Ralph Peer’s Southern Music Company in 1932 as a songwriter, the first music firm to occupy the new Brill Building, famous as a New York songwriting mecca. It was a low paying but steady job at a time when the Depression was having a harsh effect on live jazz performance and many musicians were out of work. Bix Beiderbecke’s early death also darkened Carmichael’s mood. Of that time, he wrote later: "I was tiring of jazz and I could see that other musicians were tiring as well. The boys were losing their enthusiasm for the hot stuff…No more hot licks, no more thrills."^[11]

The elegy for hot jazz was premature, but Swing was just around the corner and jazz would soon turn in another direction, with new bandleaders like the Dorseys and Benny Goodman, and new singers like Frank Sinatra leading the way. Carmichael’s output soon would be heading in that direction. In 1933 Carmichael began his collaboration with newly arrived lyricist Johnny Mercer on "Thanksgiving", "Moon Country", and "Lazybones", which was a smash hit selling over 350,000 copies in three months.^[12] Carmichael's financial condition improved dramatically as royalties started to pour in. Now he was hobnobbing with George Gershwin, Fred Astaire, Duke Ellington, and other music giants in the New York scene. His success improved his social life considerably and now he could afford a comfortable apartment and dapper clothes.

Carmichael started to emerge as a solo singer-performer, first at parties, then professionally. He described his unique, laconic voice as being "the way a shaggy dog looks…I have Wabash fog and sycamore twigs in my throat".^[13] Some fans were dismayed as he steadily veered away from hot jazz, but recordings by Louis Armstrong continued to "jazz up" Carmichael’s popular songs. In 1935 he left Ralph Peer’s Southern Music Company and started composing songs for a division of Warner Brothers, establishing his connection with Hollywood. His song "Moonburn", his first movie song, appeared in the film version of Anything Goes.

In 1935 Carmichael married preacher’s daughter Ruth Menardi. He moved to California and accepted a contract with Paramount for $1,000 a week, joining other famous songwriters working for the Hollywood studios, including Harry Warren (Warners), E. Y. Harburg (MGM), Ralph Rainger and Leo Robin at Paramount.^[14] Soon, the Carmichaels were accepted members of the Hollywood community, attending parties and hanging out in palatial homes. In 1937 Carmichael appeared in the movie Topper, serenading Cary Grant and Constance Bennett with his song "Old Man Moon".

In 1937 he wrote the song "Chimes of Indiana" which was presented to Indiana University as a gift by the class of 1935. It was made the school's official co-alma mater in 1978. (Carmichael also holds the distinction of being awarded an honorary doctorate in music by the university in 1972.)^[15]

With Paramount lyricist Frank Loesser, he wrote "Two Sleepy People" in 1938. Around the same time Carmichael composed "Heart and Soul", "Small Fry", and "I Get Along Without You Very Well (Except Sometimes)" (premiered by Dick Powell in a radio broadcast). However, countering these successes, Carmichael's and Mercer's Broadway score for Walk With Music was unsuccessful. In 1939, Hoagy Bix, the Carmichaels' first child, was born.

1940s[link]

Hoagy Carmichael at piano; Lauren Bacall singing

The growing Carmichael family was thriving in Los Angeles in the former mansion of chewing-gum heir William P. Wrigley, Jr., when World War II broke out. Hoagy Carmichael maintained a strong personal and professional relationship with Johnny Mercer. That continuing collaboration led to "Skylark" in 1942, recorded almost immediately by Glenn Miller, Dinah Shore, and Helen Forrest (with Harry James). In 1943, Carmichael returned to the movies and played "Cricket" in the screen adaptation of Ernest Hemingway's To Have and Have Not, opposite Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, where he sang "Hong Kong Blues" and "The Rhumba Jumps", and played piano as Bacall sang "How Little We Know".^[16] He also contributed to the 1941 Max Fleischer animated film, Mister Bug Goes to Town (later reissued as Hoppity Goes To Town).

Carmichael appeared as an actor in a total of 14 motion pictures, always performing at least one of his songs, including Young Man with a Horn (based on friend Bix Beiderbecke's life) with Bacall and Kirk Douglas, and multi-Academy Award winner The Best Years of Our Lives with Myrna Loy and Fredric March), in which he teaches a disabled veteran with metal prostheses to play "Chop Sticks". He described his screen persona as the "hound-dog-faced old musical philosopher noodling on the honky-tonk piano, saying to a tart with a heart of gold: "He'll be back, honey. He's all man"."^[17]

When composing, Carmichael was incessant. According to his son Randy, he worked over a song for days or even weeks until it was perfect. His perfectionism extended to his clothes, grooming, and eating as well. Once the work was done, however, Carmichael would cut loose—relax, play golf, drink, and indulge in the Hollywood high life.^[18]

Carmichael was a Republican supporter and anti-FDR, voting for Wendell Wilkie for president in 1940, and was often aghast at the left-leaning political views of his friends in Hollywood. His contribution to the war effort was similar to other patriotic efforts by Irving Berlin ("This Is the Army, Mr. Jones"), Johnny Mercer ("G.I. Jive"), and Frank Loesser ("Praise the Lord and Pass the Ammunition"). Carmichael's war time songs (most with lyrics by Paul Francis Webster) included "My Christmas Song for You", "Don't Forget to Say 'No' Baby", "Billy-a-Dick", "The Army of Hippocrates", "Cranky Old Yank", "Eager Beaver", "No More Toujours l'Amour", "Morning Glory", and the never completed "Hitler Blues".^[19] He regularly performed on USO shows.

Carmichael's 1943 song "I'm a Cranky Old Yank in a Clanky Old Tank on the Streets of Yokohama with my Honolulu Mama Doin' Those Beat-o, Beat-o Flat-On-My-Seat-o, Hirohito Blues" is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the song with the longest title. However Carmichael admitted it was a joke; the title was intended to end with the word 'Yank'.^{[citation needed]}

Between 1944 and 1948, Carmichael was the host of three musical variety radio programs. In 1944–45, the 30-minute Tonight at Hoagy's aired on Mutual Sunday nights at 8:30 pm (Pacific time), sponsored by Safeway supermarkets. Produced by Walter Snow, the show featured Carmichael as host and vocalist. The musicians included Pee Wee Hunt and Joe Venuti. Fans were rather blunt about his singing, with comments like "you can't sing for sour owl" and "your singing is so delightfully awful that it is really funny".^[20] NBC carried the 30-minute Something New at 6 pm (Pacific time) on Mondays in 1945–46. All of the musicians in this show's band, called the "Teenagers", were between the ages of 16 and 19. Carol Stewart and Gale Robbins were the vocalists and comedy was supplied by Pinky Lee and the team of Bob Sweeney and Hal March, later of quiz show fame. The Hoagy Carmichael Show was broadcast by CBS from October 26, 1946 until June 26, 1948. Luden's Cough Drops sponsored the 15-minute program until June 1947.

In 1948 Carmichael composed a piece called Brown County in Autumn, a nine-minute tone poem which was not well-received by critics.

1950s[link]

"In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening", with lyrics by Johnny Mercer, won Carmichael his first Academy Award for Best Original Song, and Mercer his second of four. In 1952, he played his composition "My Resistance Is Low" in the movie The Las Vegas Story. The song did not catch fire in the U.S. but was a major hit in England, where it charted a second time in 1963 after being covered by Liverpool beat band Buddy Britten and the Regents,^[21] also appearing in instrumental form on The Shadows' debut LP.

Carmichael sharing the Saturday Night Revue duties with George Gobel.

In the early 1950s, television took off and variety shows were particularly popular. Carmichael hosted Saturday Night Review in June 1953, a summer replacement series for Your Show of Shows,^[22] but found the pressure too intense and did not return the following summer. About 1955, Carmichael reprised the Dooley Wilson role in a short-lived television adaptation of Casablanca on Warner Brothers Presents, playing Sam the piano player.

Among his numerous television roles, Carmichael guest starred with Keenan Wynn, Anthony George, and Olive Carey in the 1956 episode "Death in the Snow" of the NBC anthology series, The Joseph Cotten Show. He was thereafter a regular on NBC's Laramie western series (1959–1963) with John Smith and Robert Fuller, co-starred in The Helen Morgan Story on CBS's Playhouse 90 (1957) and provided the voice for a stone-age parody of himself, "Stoney Carmichael", in an episode of ABC's The Flintstones, which aired in September 1961. On June 15, 1961, he appeared in one of the final episodes of NBC's The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford.

Carmichael composed seven songs for Gentlemen Prefer Blondes but only two made the final cut: "Ain't There Anyone Here for Love" and "When Love Goes Wrong (Nothing Goes Right)", with Jane Russell singing the former.

As rock and roll emerged in the mid-1950s, the youth audience was drifting away from standards like Carmichael's, and the music industry found less commercial appeal in his new songs, while jazz aficionados turned their attention to bebop. Carmichael's marriage also dissolved during this time. As his song writing career started to ebb, Carmichael still received the blessings of his substantial recordings. He also wrote some songs for children.

Later years[link]

In 1960, Ray Charles' version of "Georgia on My Mind" was a hit, receiving Grammys for Best Male Vocal and Best Popular Single. Carmichael's rediscovery, however, did little for his new material, which was all but ignored by the recording industry, including songs such as "The Ballad of Sam Older", "A Perfect Paris Night", "Behold, How Beautiful", "Bamboo Curtains", and "Close Beside You". For his September 15, 1961 animated guest appearance in "The Hit Songwriters" episode of The Flintstones, Hoagy wrote and performed a song created especially for the show, "Yabba-Dabba-Dabba-Dabba-Doo". Jerry Lee Lewis recorded "Hong Kong Blues" during his final Sun sessions in 1963, but it was never released.^[23] In 1964, while The Beatles were exploding on the scene, Carmichael lamented, "I'll betcha I have twenty-five songs lying in my trunk" and no one was calling to say "have you got a real good song for such-and such an artist".^[24] Nonetheless, royalties of his standards were still bringing in over $300,000 a year.^[25] George Harrison recorded two of Carmichael's songs ("Baltimore Oriole" and "Hong Kong Blues") for his 1981 LP Somewhere In England.

His attempt to compose movie scores failed when his score for Hatari! was replaced by that of Henry Mancini, although his song "Just for Tonight" (a re-working of "A Perfect Paris Night") is used in the film. With the Johnny Appleseed Suite, Carmichael once again tried his hand at a longer musical composition, but the episodic treatment lacked the compositional unity and momentum of works such as George Gershwin's Rhapsody in Blue. By 1967, Carmichael was spending time back in New York but was still unsuccessful with his new songs.

Carmichael was inducted into the USA's Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1971 along with Duke Ellington.^[26] The 1970s went by with little musical success and fewer people recognizing him in public. With the help and encouragement of his son Hoagy Bix, Carmichael participated in the PBS television show Hoagy Carmichael's Music Shop, which featured jazz-rock versions of his hits. He appeared on Fred Rogers PBS show Old Friends, New Friends. With time on his hands, he resumed painting.

In 1977 he married Dorothy Wanda McKay. On his 80th birthday, Carmichael said "I’m a bit disappointed in myself. I know I could have accomplished a hell of a lot more... I could write anything any time I wanted to. But I let other things get in the way... I’ve been floating around in the breeze."^[27] Shortly before his death, Carmichael appeared on a UK-recorded tribute album, In Hoagland (1981), together with Annie Ross and Georgie Fame.

Carmichael died of heart failure in Rancho Mirage, California, on December 27, 1981. He is buried in Rose Hill Cemetery in Bloomington.^[28]

Legacy[link]

• In 1986 the Carmichael family donated his archives, piano, and memorabilia to Indiana University, which established a Hoagy Carmichael Collection in its Archives of Traditional Music and the Hoagy Carmichael Room to permanently display selections from the collection.
• In 2007 Carmichael was inducted into the Gennett Records Walk of Fame in Richmond, Indiana. A bronze and ceramic plaque is placed near the location of the studio where he first recorded "Stardust."
• On July 5, 2008, a mural with his portrait was dedicated to him on the south wall of the Readmore building in Richmond, Indiana. His son Randy, 67, played a few songs in the Leland Residence after the ceremony.
• The Hoagy Carmichael Landmark Sculpture by artist Michael McAuley was dedicated at Indiana University on Sept. 18, 2008. The photo blog Hoagyland! captures the small, daily tributes left by fans at the statue.

Filmography[link]

Songs (selection)[link]

Biographies[link]

Carmichael wrote two autobiographies: The Stardust Road (1946) and Sometimes I Wonder (1965). These were combined into a single volume for a paperback published by Da Capo Press in 1999. Dick Sudhalter wrote the first full biography of Carmichael, Stardust Melody: The Life and Music of Hoagy Carmichael.^[31]

In popular culture[link]

This "In popular culture" section may contain minor or trivial references. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances, and remove trivial references. (April 2012)

• Author Ian Fleming wrote in his novels Casino Royale and Moonraker that British secret agent James Bond resembled Carmichael, but with a scar down one cheek. In the book Casino Royale, James Bond compares himself unfavorably with Carmichael. Carmichael and Fleming himself also looked similar.
• Former Beatles singer and songwriter John Lennon announced that Hoagy Carmichael was his favourite songwriter.^{[citation needed]} George Harrison was also an avid fan, having covered "Baltimore Oriole" and "Hong Kong Blues" in 1981.^[32] In addition, Harrison spoke of enjoying listening to "Barnacle Bill the Sailor." ^[33]

See also[link]

• Martha Carmichael Clayton

References[link]

Bibliography[link]

Carmichael, Hoagy and Longstreet, Stephen. The Stardust Road & Sometimes I Wonder: The Autobiogaphy of Hoagy Carmichael. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Da Capo Press, 1999, ISBN 0-306-80899-4

External links[link]

	Book: Hoagy Carmichael
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hoagy Carmichael

• Official website
• Hoagy Carmichael at the Internet Movie Database
• Hoagy Carmichael at the TCM Movie Database
• Hoagy Carmichael at the Internet Broadway Database
• Hoagy Carmichael on RedHotJazz.com
• The Hoagy Carmichael Collection
• The Hoagy Carmichael Room, Archives of Traditional Music, Indiana University