Graham John Turner (born 5 October 1947) is an English former footballer who became a manager. He is manager of League Two club Shrewsbury Town. His son Mark was also a professional footballer.

After a 19 year career as a central defender in the lower divisions, he became manager of Shrewsbury Town. After winning the Third Division, he oversaw five seasons in the Second Division before being appointed manager of Aston Villa. With little success in two years he was sacked and went to Wolves whom he took from the Fourth Division to the Second Division, winning the Football League Trophy along the way.

He left in 1994 and had a year out of football before his arrival at Hereford United. A run to the Division Three play-offs was a false dawn, and a year later the Bulls were relegated to the Conference. Having initially resigned, Turner ended up buying the majority shareholding and becoming chairman in 1998. Five financially-troubled seasons followed in non-league football, before he led the Bulls to three consecutive runners-up spots and promotion in 2006.

After a mid-table finish in the 2006–07 season, Turner delivered another promotion the following season with a third place finish in League Two; notably making full use of the loan system. Turner was voted League Two Manager of the Year by the League Managers Association,^[1] but was unable to lead the Bulls to survival in League One. He subsequently stepped down as manager of Hereford on 24 April 2009, after 13 years 8 months and 730 matches in charge, and resumed the role after the sacking of his successor 11 months later.^[2]

Career history[link]

Playing career[link]

Turner was born in Ellesmere Port and was an England youth international. He started his playing career at Wrexham before moving to rivals Chester City in January 1968 in part-exchange for Ian Moir. Five years and 218 Football League appearances later he moved to his third and final club Shrewsbury Town for £30,000. Having played as a midfielder for his first two clubs, he switched to centre back.^[3] He went on to make over 350 league appearances for the Salopians. During the 1970s he played against Hereford United several times, the club he was later to buy.

Early managerial career[link]

He became player-manager for the Shrews in the 1978–79 season, the same year the club sealed the Third Division championship. Shrewsbury ultimately spent ten seasons in the Second Division and Turner twice led them to the quarter-finals of the FA Cup. He ended his playing career in 1983, and left Shrewsbury after six seasons to take charge of Aston Villa in the summer of 1984.

Unfortunately his time at Villa Park was less successful and he was sacked on 17 September 1986, just over two years after his appointment, as Villa were heading for relegation from the First Division.

He was then appointed manager of Wolverhampton Wanderers, a club then in the Fourth Division and massively in financial trouble (barely out of debt), on 7 October 1986. In his first season Wolves reached the play-offs but failed to secure promotion. However the following two seasons brought successive landslide promotions with the help of goal-machine Steve Bull and striking partner Andy Mutch. Mid-table finishes in the Second Division, and subsequently (following the formation of the Premier League) Division One, followed before he left in March 1994. There had been speculation about his future as manager more than two years earlier after a dismal start to the 1991-92 season, but a turnaround in form preserved his job for a while.^[4]

He also led Wolves to Football League Trophy glory at Wembley in 1987–88.

Career at Hereford United[link]

He was appointed manager of Hereford United for the start of the 1995–96 season, then in Division Three. His first season was a success, reaching the FA Cup Third Round and the play-offs, losing over two legs to Darlington.^[5] But the club was in financial trouble before his arrival and he was unable to retain several key players for the following season. On 3 May 1997, Hereford were relegated to the Conference in a traumatic 1–1 draw with Brighton.^[5] Having seen his resignation rejected he oversaw a sixth place finish in the Conference and, when chairman Peter Hill resigned, he purchased the majority shareholding in the club in partnership with Joan Fennessy — thus saving it from going under.^[5]

With the bank balance firmly in the red he had to endure several fruitless seasons in the Conference and had to sell key players to keep the club in business. The financial situation was becoming desperate early in the 2001–02 season. After a humiliating defeat to Hayes, and with the proverbial wolves at the door, Turner handed first team duties over to player-coach Phil Robinson while he concentrated on securing the club's financial future. When Hereford finished 17th at the end of the season, it appeared enough was enough and Turner handed in his resignation to the board. But after several discussions he again decided to continue to remain at the club, despite the deadline to repay the debt looming large.

2002–03 proved the turning point with Turner taking the opportunity to build an entirely new squad, retaining only six players from the previous season. The team, built entirely of free transfers, evolved into arguably the best footballing side in the Conference, finishing second in a record-breaking 2003–04 season. But Hereford faltered in the play-off semi final against Aldershot Town, with crucial decisions going against them.^[6] Another runners-up spot and play-off failure came the following season but the 2005–06 season proved third time lucky when Hereford defeated Halifax Town in the 2006 Conference Playoff Final, to secure promotion to the Football League. After the match, Turner said his overwhelming feeling was "relief" after many hard seasons in the Conference. Hereford survived their first season back in the Football League in 16th position. The 2007–08 saw Turner make full use of the loan system, without paying any transfer fees. The Bulls placed consistently in the top 5 all season and achieved promotion to the league's third tier for the first time in 30 years.

Having finally gained the promotion he had come close to in 1995–96, Turner again used the loan system in League One, purchasing only one player for an undisclosed fee. However this strategy was not nearly as successful in 2008–09 as the Bulls struggled in League One and were relegated on 18 April 2009. Turner subsequently announced he was stepping down as manager, having apologised for the season's performance. On 24 April 2009, as chairman, he appointed John Trewick as his successor.

Turner remained chairman, director of football and majority shareholder of Hereford United until the end of the 2009–2010 season. His time in charge saw him stabilise the club's finances, turning a profit for the last six seasons,.^[7] In his near 14 season spell at Hereford he purchased just three players: Neil Grayson (£20,000 in 1997), Ben Smith (£20,000 in 2007) and Matt Done (undisclosed in 2008) although Toumani Diagouraga arrived on a permanent transfer as part of the sale of Lionel Ainsworth to Watford. On 8 March 2010 Hereford United announced that they had sacked John Trewick with Turner taking the reins on a temporary basis.

On 16 April 2010 Turner stated that he and co-chairperson Joan Fennessy would sell their shares in the club, stating that the club needs fresh impetus in order to take it forward. His subsequent decision to return to Shrewsbury Town seems to have influenced his decision.

Return to Shrewsbury Town[link]

On 11 June 2010, Turner was announced as the new Shrewsbury Town manager, returning 26 years after he originally left. Turner agreed a three-year-deal as manager, and will have the option of an extra year as director of football.^[8] His first season back at Shrewsbury Town was during the 2010–2011 season saw them finish just below automatic promotion in fourth place, this ment that Town had to play a two legged play off semi final against Torquay United in which they lost 2-0 on aggregate. The following season saw an even greater inprovement guiding Shrewsbury Town to a runners-up spot and automatic promotion to League One. The club set a record number of points and for the second time in Turner's career he lead Shrewsury Town unbeaten at home throughout a whole season 33 years after the first achievement.

Other Notable Awards[link]

In October 2010 Graham received an award from the City of Hereford giving him Freedom of the City.

Statistics[link]

Manager[link]

Correct as of 5 May 2012^[9]
Hereford United statistics inclusive of Football League, Conference, FA Cup, Football League Cup, Football League Trophy, FA Trophy, Conference Cup and Play-off matches

Team	Nat	From	To	Record
				G	W	D	L	Win %
Shrewsbury Town		1 November 1978	1 July 1984	243	86	73	84	35.39
Aston Villa		16 July 1984	14 September 1986	105	33	29	43	31.43
Wolverhampton Wanderers		7 October 1986	16 March 1994	383	164	102	117	42.82
Hereford United		1 August 1995	24 April 2009	730	293	189	248	40.14
Shrewsbury Town		11 June 2010		106	54	25	27	50.94
Total				1516	629	418	519	41.42

Honours[link]

• Third Division (now Football League One): Winners (Shrewsbury Town 1978–79, Wolverhampton Wanderers 1988–89)
• Fourth Division (now Football League Two): Winners Wolverhampton Wanderers (1987–88), Hereford United Third Place (2007–08), Shrewsbury Town Runners-Up (2011-2012), Shrewsbury Town fourth place & Play-off semi finalist(2010–11).
• Conference National: Runners-Up & Play-Off Winners (2005–06), Runners-Up & Play-off semi finalsts (2003–04, 2004–05)
• Welsh Cup: Winners (1978–79, 1983–84)
• Football League Trophy (Sherpa Van Trophy): Winners (1987–88)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Graham Turner management career stats at Soccerbase

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2007)

The Crisis

First Issue of The Crisis: A Record of the Darker Races, November 1910. New York: NAACP, 1910
Editor	W.E.B. Du Bois
Staff writers	Oswald Garrison Villard, J. Max Barber, Charles Edward Russell, Kelly Miller, W.S. Braithwaite, M. D. Maclean
Monthly[1]
Publisher	NAACP
First issue	November 1910 (1910-November)
Company	The Crisis Publishing Company
Country	United States
Based in	New York, NY
Language	English
Website	www.thecrisismagazine.com
ISSN	1559-1573

The Crisis is the official magazine of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), and was founded in 1910 by W. E. B. Du Bois (editor), Oswald Garrison Villard, J. Max Barber, Charles Edward Russell, Kelly Miller, W.S. Braithwaite, M. D. Maclean.^[2]

The original title of the journal was The Crisis: A Record of The Darker Races. From 1997 to 2003, it appeared as The New Crisis: The Magazine of Opportunities and Ideas, but the title has since reverted to The Crisis. The title derives from the poem "The Present Crisis" by James Russell Lowell.^[1] Published monthly, by 1920 its circulation had reached 100,000 copies. Du Bois proclaimed his intentions in his first editorial:

The object of this publication is to set forth those facts and arguments which show the danger of race prejudice, particularly as manifested today toward colored people. It takes its name from the fact that the editors believe that this is a critical time in the history of the advancement of men. …Finally, its editorial page will stand for the rights of men, irrespective of color or race, for the highest ideals of American democracy, and for reasonable but earnest and persistent attempts to gain these rights and realize these ideals.^[3]

Predominantly a current-affairs journal, The Crisis also included poems, reviews, and essays on culture and history. Du Bois' initial position as editor was in line with the NAACP's liberal programme of social reform and racial equality, but by the 1930s Du Bois was advocating a form of black separatism. This led to disputes between Du Bois and the NAACP resulting in his resignation as editor in 1934. He was replaced by Roy Wilkins.

Although The Crisis was officially an organ of the NAACP, Du Bois had a large degree of control over the periodicals expressed opinion. Du Bois wrote in Dusk of Dawn that he intended for The Crisis to represent his personal opinions:

I determine to make the opinion of the Crisis a personal opinion; because, as I argued, no organization can express definite and clear cut opinions… the Crisis would state openly the opinion of its editor, so long, of course, as that opinion was in general agreement with that of the organization.

Du Bois contends that the periodical suffered during the Great Depression as the "circulation dropped steadily until by 1933 it was scarcely more than ten thousand paid subscriptions." Du Bois left the magazine for both financial and ideological reasons.

Throughout the Du Bois years The Crisis published the work of many young African American writers associated with the Harlem Renaissance. Its greatest era as a literary journal was between 1919 and 1926, when Jessie Redmon Fauset was literary editor. Fauset encouraged such writers as Arna Bontemps, Langston Hughes, Countee Cullen and Jean Toomer.

Following the departure of Fauset and Du Bois, the influence of The Crisis declined. The magazine was unable to sustain the high literary standards it had achieved under Fauset, but it continued to have a powerful political voice.

References[link]

A 1911 copy of The Crisis depicting "Ra-Maat-Neb, one of the black kings of the Upper Nile", a copy of the relief of Nebmaatre I on Meroe pyramid 17.

Du Bois, WEB (1940), Dusk of Dawn, Library of America, ISBN [[Special:BookSources/97809400450332|97809400450332]] .

Partington, Paul, The Moon Illustrated Weekly: Black America's First Weekly Magazine, ISBN 978-0-9602538-2-1 .

External links[link]

• The Crisis, http://www.thecrisismagazine.com/ .
• History, NAACP, http://www.naacp.org/about/history/ .
• The Crisis, Footnote, January 1918, http://www.footnote.com/browsemore/179488128_Boom%20and%20Bust:%201920-1935/ .
• The Crisis, Books, Google, http://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks%3A1&tbo=1&q=The+Crisis+Magazine&btnG=Search+Books#q=The+Crisis+Magazine&hl=en&tbo=1&tbs=bks:1,bkt:m&source=lnt&sa=X&ei=TrrMTILMLJG4sQPMn9CPDg&ved=0CBMQpwU&fp=fd2e97bdff999388 .
• The Crisis, 1, 10–23, The Modernist Journals Project, Nov. 1910 – Apr. 1911, May 1915 – Apr. 1922, http://www.modjourn.org/render.php?view=mjp_object&id=crisiscollection .