Sameera Moussa (Arabic: سميرة موسى‎) (March 3, 1917-August 5, 1952) was an Egyptian nuclear scientist who held a doctorate in atomic radiation and worked to make the medical use of nuclear technology affordable to all. She organized the Atomic Energy for Peace Conference and sponsored a call for setting an international conference under the banner "Atom for Peace".

Sameera Moussa was born in Egypt in Gharbia Governorate in 1917. Her mother went through a fierce battle against cancer. After her mother's death, her father moved with his daughter Sameera to Cairo and invested his money in a small hotel in the El-Hussein region. At the insistence of her father, Sameera attended Kaser El-Shok Primary School, one of the oldest schools in Cairo. After she completed her primary education, she joined the Banat El-Ashraf School, which was built and managed by Nabawya Moussa, the famous political activist.

Despite the fact that Sameera got high grades in her Secondary education, she insisted on joining the Faculty of Sciences at Cairo University. In 1939, Sameera Moussa obtained a B.Sc. in radiology with First Class Honours after researching the effects of X-ray radiation on various materials. Dr. Moustafa Mousharafa, the first dean of the faculty, believed in his student enough to help her become a remarkable lecturer at the faculty. Afterwards, she became the first Assistant Professor at the same faculty and the first woman to hold a university post, being the first to obtain a Ph.D. degree in atomic radiation.