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- Peter Kropotkin
- Peter McLaren
- Philip Agee
- Pierre Trudeau
- Pol Pot
- Pope John Paul II
- Rafael Trujillo
- Raúl Castro
- Rembrandt
- René Barrientos
- Richard Gott
- Richard Nixon
- Robert Frost
- Robert McNamara
- Robert Owen
- Robin Hahnel
- Ronald Reagan
- Rosa Luxemburg
- Rubén Darío
- Rudyard Kipling
- Ruhollah Khomeini
- Régis Debray
- Rómulo Betancourt
- Saddam Hussein
- Salah Jadid
- Salgueiro Maia
- Salvador Allende
- Saul Landau
- Shigeru Yoshida
- Siad Barre
- Sigmund Freud
- Silvio Rodríguez
- Simeon Cuba Sarabia
- Simone de Beauvoir
- Spanish Argentine
- Spanish Civil War
- Stokely Carmichael
- Subhas Chandra Bose
- Suharto
- Sukarno
- Susan Sontag
- Syngman Rhee
- Sōsuke Uno
- Tad Szulc
- Takeo Fukuda
- Takeo Miki
- Tamara Bunke
- Tarzan
- Template Che Guevara
- Thomas Hodgskin
- Thomas Skidmore
- Todor Zhivkov
- Tommy Douglas
- Toshiki Kaifu
- U Nu
- Urho Kekkonen
- Vasco Gonçalves
- Vladimir Lenin
- Vyacheslav Molotov
- Walt Whitman
- Walt Whitman Rostow
- Walter Hallstein
- Walter Ulbricht
- Wikipedia Persondata
- William Faulkner
- William Morris
- Willy Brandt
- Winston Churchill
- Wojciech Jaruzelski
- Władysław Gomułka
- Yasuhiro Nakasone
- Yuri Andropov
- Zhao Ziyang
- Zhou Enlai
- Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
- Álvaro Cunhal
- Álvaro Vargas Llosa
Mata, Che Che Filmography
- Unstoppable: Conversation with Melvin Van Peebles, Gordon Parks, and Ossie Davis (2005)
- Images of Indians: How Hollywood Stereotyped the Native American (2003)
- Art of Darkness: A Night Gallery Retrospective (2002)
- Starz Movie News (1999)
Che-Che Filmography
Martinez, Che Che Filmography
- Lyrics: play full screen play karaoke
- The Lady's Got Potential - Antonio Banderas
- Oh What a Circus - Antonio Banderas
- High Flying, Adored - Antonio Banderas
- On This Night of a Thousand Stars - Andrew Lloyd Webber
(Che:)
In June of forty-three there was a military coup
Behind it was a gang called the G.O.U.
Who did not feel the need to be elected
They had themselves a party at the point of a gun
They were slightly to the right of Atilla the Hun
A bomb or two and very few objected
Yeah, just one shell and governments fall like flies, kapow, die
They stumble and fall, bye bye
Backs to the wall, aim high
We're having a ball
The tank and bullet rule as democracy dies
The lady's got potential, she was setting her sights
On making it in movies with her name in lights
The greatest social climber since Cinderella
OK, she couldn't act but she had the right friends
And we all know a career depends
On knowing the right fella to be stellar
Yeah, just one shell and governments lose their nerve, kapow, die
They stumble and fall, bye bye
Backs to the wall, aim high
We're having a ball
That's how we get the government we deserve
Now the man behind the President calling the shots
Involved so discreetly in a lot of their plots
Was Colonel Juan Peron, would be dictator
He began in the army out in Italy so
Saw Mussolini's rise from the very front row
I reckon he'd do likewise sooner or later
Yeah, just one blast and the tear gas falls like rain, kapow, die
They haven't a chance, bye bye
The terrorists advance
But one guy doesn't dirty his hands
Peron was biding time out in the slow lane
Yeah, suddenly an earthquake hit the town of San Juan, kapow, die
They stumble and fall, bye bye
Keep away from the wall
But one guy was having a ball
The tragedy, a golden chance for Peron
He organized a concert with incredible flair
In aid of all the victims, such a grand affair
Politicians, actors, stars of every flavor
It was January twenty-second, 1944
A night to remember, yeah, that's for sure
For that's the night that Peron first met Eva
(Che:)
Oh what a circus, oh what a show
Argentina has gone to town
Over the death of an actress called Eva Peron
We've all gone crazy
Mourning all day and mourning all night
Falling over ourselves to get all of the misery right
Oh what an exit, that's how to go
When they're ringing your curtain down
Demand to be buried like Eva Peron
It's quite a sunset
And good for the country in a roundabout way
We've made the front page of all the world's papers today
But who is this Santa Evita?
Why all this howling, hysterical sorrow?
What kind of goddess has lived among us?
How will we ever get by without her?
She had her moments, she had some style
The best show in town was the crowd
Outside the Casa Rosada crying, "Eva Peron"
But that's all gone now
As soon as the smoke from the funeral clears
We're all gonna see and how, she did nothing for years
(Crowd:)
Salve regina mater misericordiae
Vita dulcedo et spes nostra
Salve salve regina
Ad te clamamus exules filii Eva
Ad te suspiramus gementes et flentes
O clemens o pia
Hail, oh queen, mother of mercy
Our life, sweetness, and hope
Hail, hail, oh queen
To you we cry, exiled sons of Eve
To you we sigh, mourning and weeping
Oh clement, oh loving one
(Che:)
You let down your people Evita
You were supposed to have been immortal
That's all they wanted, not much to ask for
But in the end you could not deliver
Sing you fools, but you got it wrong
Enjoy your prayers because you haven't got long
Your queen is dead, your king is through
And she's not coming back to you
Show business kept us all alive
Since seventeen October 1945
But the star has gone, the glamour's worn thin
That's a pretty bad state for a state to be in
Instead of government we had a stage
Instead of ideas, a prima donna's rage
Instead of help we were given a crowd
She didn't say much, but she said it loud
Sing you fools, but you got it wrong
Enjoy your prayers because you haven't got long
Your queen is dead, your king is through
She's not coming back to you
(Crowd:)
Salve regina mater misericordiae
Vita dulcedo et spes nostra
Salve salve regina Peron
Ad te clamamus exules filii Eva
Ad te suspiramus gementes et flentes
O clemens o pia
(Eva:)
Don't cry for me Argentina
For I am ordinary, unimportant
And undeserving of such attention
Unless we all are, I think we all are
So share my glory, so share my coffin
So share my glory, so share my coffin
(Che:)
(Che:)
High flying, adored
So young, the instant queen
A rich beautiful thing, of all the talents
A cross between a fantasy of the bedroom and a saint
You were just a backstreet girl
Hustling and fighting, scratching and biting
High flying, adored
Did you believe in your wildest moments
All this would be yours
That you'd become the lady of them all?
Were there stars in your eyes
When you crawled in at night
From the bars, from the sidewalks
From the gutter theatrical
Don't look down, it's a long, long way to fall
High flying, adored
What happens now, where do you go from here?
For someone on top of the world
The view is not exactly clear
A shame you did it all at twenty-six
There are no mysteries now
Nothing can thrill you, noone fulfill you
High flying, adored
I hope you come to terms with boredom
So famous so easily, so soon
It's not the wisest thing to be
You won't care if they love you
It's been done before
You'll despair if they hate you
You'll be drained of all energy
All the young who've made it would agree
(Eva:)
High flying, adored
That's good to hear but unimportant
My story's quite usual
Local girl makes good, weds famous man
I was stuck in the right place at the perfect time
Filled a gap, I was lucky
But one thing I'll say for me
(Che:)
Now Eva Peron had every disadvantage
You need if you're gonna succeed
No money, no cash
No father, no bright lights
There was nowhere she'd been
At the age of fifteen
As this tango singer found out
Agustin Magaldi
Who has the distinction of being the first
Man to be of use to Eva Duarte
(Magaldi:)
On this night of a thousand stars
Let me take you to heaven's door
Where the music of love's guitars
Plays for evermore
In the glow of those twinkling lights
We shall love through eternity
On this night in a million nights
Fly away with me
I never dreamed that a kiss could be as sweet as this
But now I know that it can
I used to wander alone without a love of my own
I was a desperate man
But all my grief disappeared and all the sorrow I'd feared
Wasn't there anymore
On that magical day when you first came my way
Mi amor
On this night
On this night
On this night of a thousand stars
Let me take you to heaven's door
Where the music of love's guitars
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Che+ Part One Che Guevara+ Mot Cuoc Doi Cach Mang Chien tranh, Tam ly 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 128:37
- Updated: 19 Feb 2012
http://wn.com/Che+_Part_One_Che_Guevara+_Mot_Cuoc_Doi_Cach_Mang_Chien_tranh,_Tam_ly_2008
Che - 2008 HD Trailer - Benicio Del Toro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Updated: 19 Apr 2013
Trailer of the much anticipated movie, Che, directed by Steven Soderbergh, starring Benicio Del Toro Release date: 24 January 2009 © 2008 IFC Films. All Righ...
http://wn.com/Che_2008_HD_Trailer_Benicio_Del_Toro
Trailer of the much anticipated movie, Che, directed by Steven Soderbergh, starring Benicio Del Toro Release date: 24 January 2009 © 2008 IFC Films. All Righ...
- published: 18 Dec 2008
- views: 83568
- author: artofwar420
CHE Trailer (2008) - The Criterion Collection
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:51
- Updated: 13 Jan 2010
Daring in its refusal to make the socialist leader into an easy martyr or hero, Che paints a vivid, naturalistic portrait of the man himself (Benicio del Toro), from his overthrow of the Batista dictatorship to his 1964 United Nations trip to the end of his short life. Learn more: http://www.criterion.com/films/20987
http://wn.com/CHE_Trailer_2008_The_Criterion_Collection
Daring in its refusal to make the socialist leader into an easy martyr or hero, Che paints a vivid, naturalistic portrait of the man himself (Benicio del Toro), from his overthrow of the Batista dictatorship to his 1964 United Nations trip to the end of his short life. Learn more: http://www.criterion.com/films/20987
- published: 13 Jan 2010
- views: 13940
CHE 2008 Part II "Ο Αντάρτης" (GR Subtitles)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 67:19
- Updated: 05 Apr 2013
The second part of the 2008 Film "CHE", directed by Steven Soderbergh, starring: Benicio Del Toro, Rodrigo Santoro, Demián Bichir, Franka Potente. [With Gree...
http://wn.com/CHE_2008_Part_II_Ο_Αντάρτης_GR_Subtitles
The second part of the 2008 Film "CHE", directed by Steven Soderbergh, starring: Benicio Del Toro, Rodrigo Santoro, Demián Bichir, Franka Potente. [With Gree...
- published: 05 Apr 2013
- views: 229
- author: TVGuevaristas
COLOMBINA CHE 2008 Parte4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:02
- Updated: 01 Apr 2009
COLOMBINA CHE 2008 Parte4
http://wn.com/COLOMBINA_CHE_2008_Parte4
COLOMBINA CHE 2008 Parte4
- published: 01 Apr 2009
- views: 1025
colombina che 2008 probador
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Updated: 03 Mar 2009
colombina che 2008 probador
http://wn.com/colombina_che_2008_probador
colombina che 2008 probador
- published: 03 Mar 2009
- views: 2825
Che (2008) Movie Trailer - Steven
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Updated: 12 Jan 2013
http://moviesdownload.apasaje.net Che (2008) Movie Trailer - Steven Che (film) Che is a 2008 film about Marxist revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara directed ...
http://wn.com/Che_2008_Movie_Trailer_Steven
http://moviesdownload.apasaje.net Che (2008) Movie Trailer - Steven Che (film) Che is a 2008 film about Marxist revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara directed ...
- published: 31 Dec 2008
- views: 12946
- author: hasanz006
LAO CHE - Przystanek Woodstock 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 23 Aug 2008
Fragment koncertu zespołu LAO CHE - Przystanek Woodstock 2008. Więcej o festiwalu: http://www.wosp.org.pl.
http://wn.com/LAO_CHE_Przystanek_Woodstock_2008
Fragment koncertu zespołu LAO CHE - Przystanek Woodstock 2008. Więcej o festiwalu: http://www.wosp.org.pl.
- published: 23 Aug 2008
- views: 24709
Che (2008) Movie Review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:32
- Updated: 15 Apr 2013
This was a request for IcECoLdDuDe420. Hope that it's ok. Che is a two-part 2008 biopic about Argentine Marxist revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara, directed...
http://wn.com/Che_2008_Movie_Review
This was a request for IcECoLdDuDe420. Hope that it's ok. Che is a two-part 2008 biopic about Argentine Marxist revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara, directed...
- published: 13 Apr 2013
- views: 263
- author: ramboraph4life
"El Probador" Colombina Che 2008 - El Espejo Oriental
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:24
- Updated: 09 Mar 2008
"El Probador" Colombina Che 2008 - El Espejo Oriental
http://wn.com/El_Probador_Colombina_Che_2008_El_Espejo_Oriental
"El Probador" Colombina Che 2008 - El Espejo Oriental
- published: 09 Mar 2008
- views: 8669
Vasco Rossi Il Mondo Che Vorrei Concerto Bologna Live 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 144:09
- Updated: 26 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/Vasco_Rossi_Il_Mondo_Che_Vorrei_Concerto_Bologna_Live_2008
Quella Che Non Sei - Stadio Olimpico - 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:34
- Updated: 12 Apr 2012
http://wn.com/Quella_Che_Non_Sei_Stadio_Olimpico_2008
- published: 12 Apr 2012
- views: 26153
Vasco Rossi - Il mondo che vorrei (Il mondo che vorrei live 2008)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:55
- Updated: 12 Aug 2010
http://wn.com/Vasco_Rossi_Il_mondo_che_vorrei_Il_mondo_che_vorrei_live_2008
- published: 12 Aug 2010
- views: 421143
![Che.Part.One [2008]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130428044302im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/row6qtFU5vg/default.jpg "Che.Part.One [2008]")
Che.Part.One [2008]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 134:04
- Updated: 20 Nov 2012
http://wn.com/ChePartOne_2008_
- published: 20 Nov 2012
- views: 207
Colombina Che 2008 - Murga
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:36
- Updated: 01 Mar 2008
Liguilla
Tercera etapa
http://wn.com/Colombina_Che_2008_Murga
Liguilla
Tercera etapa
- published: 01 Mar 2008
- views: 4903
COLOMBINA CHE 2008 Parte3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:02
- Updated: 01 Apr 2009
COLOMBINA CHE 2008 Parte3
http://wn.com/COLOMBINA_CHE_2008_Parte3
COLOMBINA CHE 2008 Parte3
- published: 01 Apr 2009
- views: 659
Vasco Rossi - Medley 2008 - Il Mondo Che Vorrei Live 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:37
- Updated: 24 Apr 2013
Medley 2008: Ormai È Tardi- Non Mi Va -- Ci Credi- Susanna - Sensazioni Forti - Deviazioni - Asilo Republic - Colpa D'Alfredo Siamo su facebook: http://www.f...
http://wn.com/Vasco_Rossi_Medley_2008_Il_Mondo_Che_Vorrei_Live_2008
Medley 2008: Ormai È Tardi- Non Mi Va -- Ci Credi- Susanna - Sensazioni Forti - Deviazioni - Asilo Republic - Colpa D'Alfredo Siamo su facebook: http://www.f...
- published: 30 Sep 2012
- views: 7008
- author: IlSocialRocker Vasco
Interludio - Vasco Rossi - Il Mondo che Vorrei - Live Bologna 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:28
- Updated: 19 Oct 2010
Interludio - Vasco Rossi - Il Mondo che Vorrei - Live Bologna 2008
http://wn.com/Interludio_Vasco_Rossi_Il_Mondo_che_Vorrei_Live_Bologna_2008
Interludio - Vasco Rossi - Il Mondo che Vorrei - Live Bologna 2008
- published: 19 Oct 2010
- views: 47154
Gianni Morandi - Che sarà - Miss Italia 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Updated: 14 Sep 2008
13 settembre 2008 Partecipazione di Gianni Morandi a Miss Italia 2008
http://wn.com/Gianni_Morandi_Che_sarà_Miss_Italia_2008
13 settembre 2008 Partecipazione di Gianni Morandi a Miss Italia 2008
- published: 14 Sep 2008
- views: 250074
Vieni qui - Vasco Rossi - Il Mondo che Vorrei - Live Bologna 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Updated: 05 Jun 2010
Vieni qui - Vasco Rossi - Il Mondo che Vorrei - Live Bologna 2008
http://wn.com/Vieni_qui_Vasco_Rossi_Il_Mondo_che_Vorrei_Live_Bologna_2008
Vieni qui - Vasco Rossi - Il Mondo che Vorrei - Live Bologna 2008
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 44878
Franco Battiato ospite a Che tempo che fa - 2008 - Fleurs2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:47
- Updated: 19 Apr 2013
Franco Battiato ospite a Che tempo che fa - 2008 - Fleurs2 duetto con Carmen Consoli https://www.facebook.com/FrancoBattiatoArchive.
http://wn.com/Franco_Battiato_ospite_a_Che_tempo_che_fa_2008_Fleurs2
Franco Battiato ospite a Che tempo che fa - 2008 - Fleurs2 duetto con Carmen Consoli https://www.facebook.com/FrancoBattiatoArchive.
- published: 16 Apr 2013
- views: 185
- author: Templique Salomonis
ZOO 105 NOI CHE 2008
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:26
- Updated: 11 Mar 2009
http://wn.com/ZOO_105_NOI_CHE_2008
- published: 11 Mar 2009
- views: 132
Lao Che Hydropiekłowstąpienie WOODSTOCK 2008!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:14
- Updated: 27 Jan 2012
http://wn.com/Lao_Che_Hydropiekłowstąpienie_WOODSTOCK_2008!
- published: 27 Jan 2012
- views: 4715
Send this Playlist by SMS
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P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
http://wn.com/P!nk_Just_Give_Me_A_Reason_ft_Nate_Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 80879669
- author: PinkVEVO
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
http://wn.com/MACKLEMORE_RYAN_LEWIS_THRIFT_SHOP_FEAT_WANZ_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 267662900
- author: Ryan Lewis
James Arthur sings Shontelle's Impossible - The Final - The X Factor UK 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Watch judges' comments at http://itv.com/XFactor (UK ONLY) Watch James Arthur sing Impossible by Shontelle Sweeeeet! As potential Winner's Singles go, this o...
http://wn.com/James_Arthur_sings_Shontelle's_Impossible_The_Final_The_X_Factor_UK_2012
Watch judges' comments at http://itv.com/XFactor (UK ONLY) Watch James Arthur sing Impossible by Shontelle Sweeeeet! As potential Winner's Singles go, this o...
- published: 09 Dec 2012
- views: 18301107
- author: TheXFactorUK
P!nk - Try (Official Lyric Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:10
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
The Truth About Love available on iTunes NOW http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk performing Try. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entert...
http://wn.com/P!nk_Try_Official_Lyric_Video
The Truth About Love available on iTunes NOW http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk performing Try. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entert...
- published: 11 Sep 2012
- views: 10122524
- author: PinkVEVO
Draw My Life - Ryan Higa
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:35
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
So i was pretty hesitant to make this video... but after all of your request, here is my Draw My Life video! Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs: http://...
http://wn.com/Draw_My_Life_Ryan_Higa
So i was pretty hesitant to make this video... but after all of your request, here is my Draw My Life video! Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs: http://...
- published: 11 Apr 2013
- views: 7395661
- author: nigahiga
Eminem - Not Afraid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
http://wn.com/Eminem_Not_Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 404714447
- author: EminemVEVO
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
http://wn.com/P!nk_Try_The_Truth_About_Love_Live_From_Los_Angeles
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 4116781
- author: PinkVEVO
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Stay_ft_Mikky_Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 109592857
- author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Diamonds
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 266101016
- author: RihannaVEVO
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
http://wn.com/Draw_My_Life_Jenna_Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
- published: 28 Mar 2013
- views: 5206318
- author: JennaMarbles
Most Annoying People On The Internet
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Don't be these people. Mapoti See Bloopers and Behind-The-Scenes Here!: http://youtu.be/dfpo7uXwJnM Huge thank you and shout out to Dtrix: http://www.youtube...
http://wn.com/Most_Annoying_People_On_The_Internet
Don't be these people. Mapoti See Bloopers and Behind-The-Scenes Here!: http://youtu.be/dfpo7uXwJnM Huge thank you and shout out to Dtrix: http://www.youtube...
- published: 28 Feb 2013
- views: 5868318
- author: nigahiga
Fast & Furious 6 Official Trailer #1 (2013) - Vin Diesel Movie HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:22
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Subscribe to TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/sxaw6h Subscribe to COMING SOON: http://bit.ly/H2vZUn Like us on FACEBOOK:http://goo.gl/dHs73. Subscribe to INDIE TRAILE...
http://wn.com/Fast_Furious_6_Official_Trailer_1_2013_Vin_Diesel_Movie_HD
Subscribe to TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/sxaw6h Subscribe to COMING SOON: http://bit.ly/H2vZUn Like us on FACEBOOK:http://goo.gl/dHs73. Subscribe to INDIE TRAILE...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 10141708
- author: movieclipsTRAILERS
The Next Viral Youtube Trend!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:09
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Its a simple math equation really... Click to see Bloopers and The making of this video here!: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nccOGxj27J8 Follow me on TWITTE...
http://wn.com/The_Next_Viral_Youtube_Trend!
Its a simple math equation really... Click to see Bloopers and The making of this video here!: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nccOGxj27J8 Follow me on TWITTE...
- published: 02 Apr 2013
- views: 6281329
- author: nigahiga
One Direction - Kiss You (Official)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Music video by One Direction performing Kiss You. (C) 2013 Simco Limited under exclusive licence to Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited #VEVOCertified on Mar...
http://wn.com/One_Direction_Kiss_You_Official
Music video by One Direction performing Kiss You. (C) 2013 Simco Limited under exclusive licence to Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited #VEVOCertified on Mar...
- published: 07 Jan 2013
- views: 120329446
- author: OneDirectionVEVO
How Girls Fall Asleep
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
http://wn.com/How_Girls_Fall_Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 11518095
- author: JennaMarbles
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:27
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Max does have his own channel, http://www.youtube.com/maxnosleeves, although it's mostly me because I'm electric Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog c...
http://wn.com/My_Boyfriend_Does_My_Makeup_Tag
Max does have his own channel, http://www.youtube.com/maxnosleeves, although it's mostly me because I'm electric Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog c...
- published: 02 Aug 2012
- views: 12641064
- author: JennaMarbles
The Kendama Toy!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Check out the Bloopers and Behind the scenes for this vid: http://youtu.be/27OCIp6LwhE Why play with an xbox, wii, or internet when you could be KENDAMAing! ...
http://wn.com/The_Kendama_Toy!
Check out the Bloopers and Behind the scenes for this vid: http://youtu.be/27OCIp6LwhE Why play with an xbox, wii, or internet when you could be KENDAMAing! ...
- published: 08 Feb 2013
- views: 2785552
- author: nigahiga
Perfect Two - Now Available on ITunes!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Written by Auburn, Jonathan Keyes, J.R Rotem. Guitars by Jonathan Keyes Produced by J.R Rotem New Perfect Two Lyric Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRv...
http://wn.com/Perfect_Two_Now_Available_on_ITunes!
Written by Auburn, Jonathan Keyes, J.R Rotem. Guitars by Jonathan Keyes Produced by J.R Rotem New Perfect Two Lyric Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRv...
- published: 26 Dec 2009
- views: 62031490
- author: MixedLyricsPrincesax
Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From...
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
http://wn.com/Blow_Me_One_Last_Kiss_The_Truth_About_Love_Live_From
Music video by P!nk performing Blow Me (One Last Kiss) (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Enterta...
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 1603464
- author: PinkVEVO
HOW TO BE BEAUTIFUL!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:18
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Pewds does everything! Click Here To Subscribe! ▻ http://bit.ly/JoinBroArmy Click for more Pewds does everything episodes: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yM...
http://wn.com/HOW_TO_BE_BEAUTIFUL!
Pewds does everything! Click Here To Subscribe! ▻ http://bit.ly/JoinBroArmy Click for more Pewds does everything episodes: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yM...
- published: 07 Apr 2013
- views: 3712333
- author: PewDiePie
SHOOTING WHILE PEPPER SPRAYED
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
FPS Russia Shirts - http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 Follow me: http://twitter.com/#!/thefpshow Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia.
http://wn.com/SHOOTING_WHILE_PEPPER_SPRAYED
FPS Russia Shirts - http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 Follow me: http://twitter.com/#!/thefpshow Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia.
- published: 03 Apr 2011
- views: 11038696
- author: FPSRussia
AA-12 Fully Automatic Shotgun!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:57
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
CLICK TO TWEET: http://clicktotweet.com/KCm27 Shirts Here: http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 http://www.facebook.com/FPSRUSSIA Follow me: http://twitt...
http://wn.com/AA-12_Fully_Automatic_Shotgun!!!
CLICK TO TWEET: http://clicktotweet.com/KCm27 Shirts Here: http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 http://www.facebook.com/FPSRUSSIA Follow me: http://twitt...
- published: 25 Apr 2011
- views: 33077285
- author: FPSRussia
The 40mm Machine Gun!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
FPSRussia Shirts http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 My Twitter: http://twitter.com/TheFPShow My Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia Business Em...
http://wn.com/The_40mm_Machine_Gun!!!
FPSRussia Shirts http://fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com/-C94489 My Twitter: http://twitter.com/TheFPShow My Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/FPSRussia Business Em...
- published: 23 May 2011
- views: 12543997
- author: FPSRussia
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P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
http://wn.com/P!nk_Just_Give_Me_A_Reason_ft_Nate_Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 80879669
- author: PinkVEVO
Rihanna - Take A Bow
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66288884. (C) 2008 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Take_A_Bow
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66288884. (C) 2008 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 30 Nov 2009
- views: 91829643
- author: RihannaVEVO
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
http://wn.com/MACKLEMORE_RYAN_LEWIS_THRIFT_SHOP_FEAT_WANZ_OFFICIAL_VIDEO
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 267662900
- author: Ryan Lewis
One Direction - One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing something funny for money...and they want you to join them! Get involved...
http://wn.com/One_Direction_One_Way_Or_Another_Teenage_Kicks
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing something funny for money...and they want you to join them! Get involved...
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 87336094
- author: OneDirectionVEVO
Beyoncé - Love On Top
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:17
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
http://wn.com/Beyoncé_Love_On_Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 16 Oct 2011
- views: 87592443
- author: beyonceVEVO
Rihanna - Unfaithful
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:56
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on Feb. 15, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http://youtu...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Unfaithful
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on Feb. 15, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http://youtu...
- published: 23 Nov 2009
- views: 147412810
- author: RihannaVEVO
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
http://wn.com/P!nk_Try_The_Truth_About_Love_Live_From_Los_Angeles
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 4116781
- author: PinkVEVO
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Stay_ft_Mikky_Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 109592857
- author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Diamonds
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
http://wn.com/Rihanna_Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 266101016
- author: RihannaVEVO
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
http://wn.com/Barack_Obama_vs_Mitt_Romney_Epic_Rap_Battles_Of_History_Season_2
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 64470641
- author: ERB
Drive Thru Invisible Driver Prank
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Learn Magic at http://www.penguinmagic.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/themagicofrahat Twitter: http://twitter.com/magicofrahat Facebook Group: http://ww...
http://wn.com/Drive_Thru_Invisible_Driver_Prank
Learn Magic at http://www.penguinmagic.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/themagicofrahat Twitter: http://twitter.com/magicofrahat Facebook Group: http://ww...
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 33828158
- author: MagicofRahat
'Gangnam Style' Mom and Son!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Their web video was all over YouTube and they're here to perform their Gangnam Style duet! This mom-and-son dance team are too cute to miss. Watch their orig...
http://wn.com/'Gangnam_Style'_Mom_and_Son!
Their web video was all over YouTube and they're here to perform their Gangnam Style duet! This mom-and-son dance team are too cute to miss. Watch their orig...
- published: 19 Sep 2012
- views: 25434640
- author: TheEllenShow
Most Annoying People On The Internet
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Don't be these people. Mapoti See Bloopers and Behind-The-Scenes Here!: http://youtu.be/dfpo7uXwJnM Huge thank you and shout out to Dtrix: http://www.youtube...
http://wn.com/Most_Annoying_People_On_The_Internet
Don't be these people. Mapoti See Bloopers and Behind-The-Scenes Here!: http://youtu.be/dfpo7uXwJnM Huge thank you and shout out to Dtrix: http://www.youtube...
- published: 28 Feb 2013
- views: 5868318
- author: nigahiga
What A Girl's Hair Means
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Hey friendship you know what I was thinking about? What if there were no such thing as "taco night" what if there was just taco forever? Like all we ever ate...
http://wn.com/What_A_Girl's_Hair_Means
Hey friendship you know what I was thinking about? What if there were no such thing as "taco night" what if there was just taco forever? Like all we ever ate...
- published: 24 Jan 2013
- views: 7321144
- author: JennaMarbles
Rihanna - California King Bed
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Music video by Rihanna performing California King Bed. (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
http://wn.com/Rihanna_California_King_Bed
Music video by Rihanna performing California King Bed. (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 07 May 2011
- views: 146484641
- author: RihannaVEVO
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
http://wn.com/Draw_My_Life_Jenna_Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
- published: 28 Mar 2013
- views: 5206318
- author: JennaMarbles
Hair Tutorial Gone Wrong
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:02
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
Her hair styling may not have worked out, but her YouTube video of it is a big hit! Tori told Ellen the story behind her viral video sensation.
http://wn.com/Hair_Tutorial_Gone_Wrong
Her hair styling may not have worked out, but her YouTube video of it is a big hit! Tori told Ellen the story behind her viral video sensation.
- published: 26 Feb 2013
- views: 6785348
- author: TheEllenShow
Expectations vs Reality: Romance
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Updated: 15 Feb 2013
What people expect romance to be vs what it really is...
Follow Catherine!
https://twitter.com/CDekoekkoek
Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs:
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Follow me on twitter for more useless stuff about me
http://www.twitter.com/therealryanhiga
Like my facebook page if you're into that sorta stuff
http://www.facebook.com/higatv
Oh and here is my site... theres not much on it.. but here:
http://www.higatv.com
http://wn.com/Expectations_vs_Reality_Romance
What people expect romance to be vs what it really is...
Follow Catherine!
https://twitter.com/CDekoekkoek
Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs:
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Follow me on twitter for more useless stuff about me
http://www.twitter.com/therealryanhiga
Like my facebook page if you're into that sorta stuff
http://www.facebook.com/higatv
Oh and here is my site... theres not much on it.. but here:
http://www.higatv.com
- published: 15 Feb 2013
- views: 4247891
Ryan Gosling's Big Gift
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:02
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
The sexy Ryan Gosling stopped by with a gift for Ellen and the audience -- footie pajamas! While the entire audience put them on, Ellen grilled Ryan to find ...
http://wn.com/Ryan_Gosling's_Big_Gift
The sexy Ryan Gosling stopped by with a gift for Ellen and the audience -- footie pajamas! While the entire audience put them on, Ellen grilled Ryan to find ...
- published: 07 Jan 2011
- views: 1972463
- author: TheEllenShow
Ellen Announces 'Finding Dory'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:58
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
They're finally making a sequel to "Finding Nemo"! Ellen revealed the big news on her show.
http://wn.com/Ellen_Announces_'Finding_Dory'
They're finally making a sequel to "Finding Nemo"! Ellen revealed the big news on her show.
- published: 02 Apr 2013
- views: 8860188
- author: TheEllenShow
Coldplay - Paradise
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:21
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
http://wn.com/Coldplay_Paradise
Click here to buy Mylo Xyloto http://links.emi.com/coldplayMX This video was directed by Mat Whitecross in 2011 and was filmed in South Africa and London Mus...
- published: 19 Oct 2011
- views: 203149466
- author: ColdplayVEVO
Hitler vs Vader 2. Epic Rap Battles of History Season 2.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Download this song: http://bit.ly/VaderHitler2 Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh: http://clicktotweet.com/qaMyU vader hitler shirts: http://bit.ly/KduR3Q Hi. My ...
http://wn.com/Hitler_vs_Vader_2_Epic_Rap_Battles_of_History_Season_2
Download this song: http://bit.ly/VaderHitler2 Click to tweet this vid-ee-oh: http://clicktotweet.com/qaMyU vader hitler shirts: http://bit.ly/KduR3Q Hi. My ...
- published: 08 Dec 2011
- views: 50228912
- author: ERB
How Girls Fall Asleep
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Updated: 28 Apr 2013
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
http://wn.com/How_Girls_Fall_Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 11518095
- author: JennaMarbles
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Che Guevara interview Ireland 1964
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Updated: 26 Apr 2013
"the first thing to note is that in my son's veins flowed the blood of Irish rebels"-----Ernesto Guevara Lynch The Second thing to note on my behalf is that ...
http://wn.com/Che_Guevara_interview_Ireland_1964
"the first thing to note is that in my son's veins flowed the blood of Irish rebels"-----Ernesto Guevara Lynch The Second thing to note on my behalf is that ...
- published: 04 May 2009
- views: 446948
- author: maddogmcglinchey
Che Guevara in New York, USA 1964 - interview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 28:36
- Updated: 24 Apr 2013
Che Guevara in USA, New York December 16, 1964 Interview with several journalists (narrated by Chris Couch) in the Cuban Mission HQ in New York (East 67th St...
http://wn.com/Che_Guevara_in_New_York,_USA_1964_interview
Che Guevara in USA, New York December 16, 1964 Interview with several journalists (narrated by Chris Couch) in the Cuban Mission HQ in New York (East 67th St...
- published: 31 Jan 2012
- views: 66129
- author: solidaritet2010
Part 1 of 2: Michael Moore's "Sicko" - Interview with Che Guevara's Daughter
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:33
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
This clip was too powerful not to share. All copyrights belong to Michael Moore and associates. This clip was taken from the "Special Features" section of Mi...
http://wn.com/Part_1_of_2_Michael_Moore's_Sicko_Interview_with_Che_Guevara's_Daughter
This clip was too powerful not to share. All copyrights belong to Michael Moore and associates. This clip was taken from the "Special Features" section of Mi...
- published: 20 May 2010
- views: 39711
- author: madisonave64
L'interview de Che Guevara (1964)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:44
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
RTS / En avril 1964, l'équipe de l'émission Point, conduite par le journaliste Jean Dumur, rencontre Ernesto "Che" Guevara à l'Hôtel Intercontinental, à Genè...
http://wn.com/L'interview_de_Che_Guevara_1964
RTS / En avril 1964, l'équipe de l'émission Point, conduite par le journaliste Jean Dumur, rencontre Ernesto "Che" Guevara à l'Hôtel Intercontinental, à Genè...
- published: 12 Oct 2007
- views: 452457
- author: TSR
1964 - Che Guevara's first American interview (w/ Lisa Howard)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 23:54
- Updated: 06 Mar 2013
Che Guevara interviewed on ABC's Issues and Answers, (23:53), English translation, narrated by Lisa Howard, March 24, 1964. The discussion mainly spins aroun...
http://wn.com/1964_Che_Guevara's_first_American_interview_w_Lisa_Howard
Che Guevara interviewed on ABC's Issues and Answers, (23:53), English translation, narrated by Lisa Howard, March 24, 1964. The discussion mainly spins aroun...
- published: 24 Aug 2012
- views: 1068
- author: Arslan Akhtar
Che Guevara's Daughter Dr. Aleida Guevara - Michael Moore
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:48
- Updated: 14 Apr 2013
Michael Moore's "Sicko" - Interview with Che Guevara's Daughter All copyrights belong to Michael Moore and associates. This clip was taken from the "Special ...
http://wn.com/Che_Guevara's_Daughter_Dr_Aleida_Guevara_Michael_Moore
Michael Moore's "Sicko" - Interview with Che Guevara's Daughter All copyrights belong to Michael Moore and associates. This clip was taken from the "Special ...
- published: 11 Sep 2011
- views: 2862
- author: solidaritet2010
The True Story of Che Guevara - The Documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 90:38
- Updated: 26 Apr 2013
Argentinian doctor; joined Castro in Mexico in 1954; a leader of the 1956-59 Cuban Revolution. Che served as president of Cuba's national bank and as Cuba's ...
http://wn.com/The_True_Story_of_Che_Guevara_The_Documentary
Argentinian doctor; joined Castro in Mexico in 1954; a leader of the 1956-59 Cuban Revolution. Che served as president of Cuba's national bank and as Cuba's ...
- published: 30 May 2012
- views: 507462
- author: E3lamelMokawama
Che Guevara interview - Punta del Este - August 1961
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:26
- Updated: 23 Apr 2013
http://www.cuba-style.com - A Virtual Museum explores the land, the people, the culture, arts and leaders of the History of Cuba. - http://www.cuba-style.c...
http://wn.com/Che_Guevara_interview_Punta_del_Este_August_1961
http://www.cuba-style.com - A Virtual Museum explores the land, the people, the culture, arts and leaders of the History of Cuba. - http://www.cuba-style.c...
- published: 01 Nov 2010
- views: 4729
- author: Cuba style
Statement by Mr. Che Guevara (Cuba) before the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 1964
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:21
- Updated: 25 Apr 2013
United Nations, 11 December 1964 - Statement in Spanish by Mr. Che Guevara (Cuba) before the United Nations General Assembly (19th session, 1299th meeting).
http://wn.com/Statement_by_Mr_Che_Guevara_Cuba_before_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly_on_11_December_1964
United Nations, 11 December 1964 - Statement in Spanish by Mr. Che Guevara (Cuba) before the United Nations General Assembly (19th session, 1299th meeting).
- published: 23 Jan 2009
- views: 198034
- author: unitednations
Nathalie Cardone - Che Guevara
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Updated: 26 Apr 2013
Riprendiamoci. Continuo a credere in cio' che credo. Avevo 15 anni, ero stupido, e definirlo "Dio" non aveva senso, ed era sopratutto sbagliato. Pero' rimarr...
http://wn.com/Nathalie_Cardone_Che_Guevara
Riprendiamoci. Continuo a credere in cio' che credo. Avevo 15 anni, ero stupido, e definirlo "Dio" non aveva senso, ed era sopratutto sbagliato. Pero' rimarr...
- published: 26 Jun 2006
- views: 4391369
- author: AbbyFuAn
Che Guevara Interview on ABC's 'Issues & Answers", March 1964 [Audio]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:28
- Updated: 26 Dec 2012
Audio of the interview that Ernesto Che Guevara, then Cuba's Minister of Industry, gave to ABC correspondent Lisa Howard in 1964. The interview took place in Havana.
Η Συνέντευξη του Τσε Γκεβάρα, υπουργού βιομηχανίας της επαναστατικής κυβέρνησης της Κούβας, στην ανταποκρίτρια του ABC Λίζα Χάουαρντ, το Μάρτη του 1964. Η συνέντευξη δώθηκε στην Αβάνα και ήταν η πρώτη του Τσε στην αμερικανική τηλεόραση.
*** Διαβάστε όλη την συνέντευξη στα ελληνικά εδώ: http://guevaristas.net/2012/12/26/sinenteuxi-guevara-abc-1964/ ***
Che Guevara intervistë për televizionin ABC / تشي غيفارا مقابلة على التلفزيون الأمريكي / 切·格瓦拉在美國電視採訪 / Che Guevara interview à la télévision américaine / Che Guevara pakikipanayam sa amerikano telebisyon / अमेरिकी टेलीविजन पर चे ग्वेरा साक्षात्कार / アメリカのテレビでチェ·ゲバラのインタビュー / Че Гевара интервью на американском телевидении / Che Guevara entrevista en ABC 'Preguntas y Respuestas'.
- Ελληνικό Αρχείο Τσε Γκεβάρα © Guevaristas, http://www.guevaristas.net.
- Facebook page: http://tinyurl.com/cshtlar.
http://wn.com/Che_Guevara_Interview_on_ABC's_'Issues_Answers,_March_1964_Audio_
Audio of the interview that Ernesto Che Guevara, then Cuba's Minister of Industry, gave to ABC correspondent Lisa Howard in 1964. The interview took place in Havana.
Η Συνέντευξη του Τσε Γκεβάρα, υπουργού βιομηχανίας της επαναστατικής κυβέρνησης της Κούβας, στην ανταποκρίτρια του ABC Λίζα Χάουαρντ, το Μάρτη του 1964. Η συνέντευξη δώθηκε στην Αβάνα και ήταν η πρώτη του Τσε στην αμερικανική τηλεόραση.
*** Διαβάστε όλη την συνέντευξη στα ελληνικά εδώ: http://guevaristas.net/2012/12/26/sinenteuxi-guevara-abc-1964/ ***
Che Guevara intervistë për televizionin ABC / تشي غيفارا مقابلة على التلفزيون الأمريكي / 切·格瓦拉在美國電視採訪 / Che Guevara interview à la télévision américaine / Che Guevara pakikipanayam sa amerikano telebisyon / अमेरिकी टेलीविजन पर चे ग्वेरा साक्षात्कार / アメリカのテレビでチェ·ゲバラのインタビュー / Че Гевара интервью на американском телевидении / Che Guevara entrevista en ABC 'Preguntas y Respuestas'.
- Ελληνικό Αρχείο Τσε Γκεβάρα © Guevaristas, http://www.guevaristas.net.
- Facebook page: http://tinyurl.com/cshtlar.
- published: 26 Dec 2012
- views: 352
BBC interview with Aleida Guevara
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Updated: 14 Sep 2012
In September 2012, Dr Aleida Guevara - daughter of Argentine revolutionary Ernesto 'Che' Guevara - visited the UK as a special guest of the Cuba Solidarity Campaign. She attended the TUC Conference in Brighton as part of her 'Remembering Che' tour and conducted this interview with BBC South East.
Further information about the Cuba Solidarity Campaign: www.cuba-solidarity.org.uk
http://wn.com/BBC_interview_with_Aleida_Guevara
In September 2012, Dr Aleida Guevara - daughter of Argentine revolutionary Ernesto 'Che' Guevara - visited the UK as a special guest of the Cuba Solidarity Campaign. She attended the TUC Conference in Brighton as part of her 'Remembering Che' tour and conducted this interview with BBC South East.
Further information about the Cuba Solidarity Campaign: www.cuba-solidarity.org.uk
- published: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 986
Interview with Aleida Guevara, daughter of Ernesto 'Che' Guevara
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:37
- Updated: 01 Mar 2013
"Che dreamed of a united Latin America standing strong against the US"
Russia Today interview with Aleida Guevara, daughter of iconic revolutionary hero Ernesto 'Che' Guevara
http://cuba-solidarity.org.uk/
http://wn.com/Interview_with_Aleida_Guevara,_daughter_of_Ernesto_'Che'_Guevara
"Che dreamed of a united Latin America standing strong against the US"
Russia Today interview with Aleida Guevara, daughter of iconic revolutionary hero Ernesto 'Che' Guevara
http://cuba-solidarity.org.uk/
- published: 01 Mar 2013
- views: 242
Che Guevara (Documental completo)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 146:30
- Updated: 27 Apr 2013
la historia del che guevara documental completo este video tiene contenido de The Orchard Music y Koch Entertainment del cual no tengo fines de lucro y tampo...
http://wn.com/Che_Guevara_Documental_completo
la historia del che guevara documental completo este video tiene contenido de The Orchard Music y Koch Entertainment del cual no tengo fines de lucro y tampo...
- published: 16 May 2011
- views: 413910
- author: vladimir87tu
Part 2 of 2 Michael Moore's "Sicko" - Interview with Che Guevara's Daughter
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Updated: 26 Apr 2013
This clip was too powerful not to share. All copyrights belong to Michael Moore and associates. This clip was taken from the "Special Features" section of Mi...
http://wn.com/Part_2_of_2_Michael_Moore's_Sicko_Interview_with_Che_Guevara's_Daughter
This clip was too powerful not to share. All copyrights belong to Michael Moore and associates. This clip was taken from the "Special Features" section of Mi...
- published: 20 May 2010
- views: 15491
- author: madisonave64
BBC Infamous Assassinations: Che Guevara (Documentary)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:03
- Updated: 25 Apr 2013
Infamous Assassinations is a 2007 British documentary television series about high-profile murders and attempted murders of public figures. It is currently b...
http://wn.com/BBC_Infamous_Assassinations_Che_Guevara_Documentary
Infamous Assassinations is a 2007 British documentary television series about high-profile murders and attempted murders of public figures. It is currently b...
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 13022
- author: AssassinationsBBC
French interview of Che, with subtitles, part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Updated: 08 Jan 2009
April 1964
http://wn.com/French_interview_of_Che,_with_subtitles,_part_1
April 1964
- published: 08 Jan 2009
- views: 62148
"Philly Occupiers": Former Soviet Citizen Argues with the Che Guevara Supporter (Part 1)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:53
- Updated: 26 Apr 2013
Philadelphia. June 30, 2012.
http://wn.com/Philly_Occupiers_Former_Soviet_Citizen_Argues_with_the_Che_Guevara_Supporter_Part_1
Documentaire Che.Guevara Mort Et Legende D Un Revolutionnaire
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:26
- Updated: 06 Feb 2013
Abonnez Vous à ma chaine, liker pour avoir plus de reportages (documentaire) !
http://wn.com/Documentaire_CheGuevara_Mort_Et_Legende_D_Un_Revolutionnaire
Abonnez Vous à ma chaine, liker pour avoir plus de reportages (documentaire) !
- published: 06 Feb 2013
- views: 7367
Che Guevara, charla de Jorge Altamira (parte 1 de 3)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:12
- Updated: 30 Mar 2013
Charla abierta realizada por el Partido Obrero (Argentina), 1998. Parte 2 de 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F93NZeV0yoI&feature;=youtu.be Parte 3 de 3 http:...
http://wn.com/Che_Guevara,_charla_de_Jorge_Altamira_parte_1_de_3
Charla abierta realizada por el Partido Obrero (Argentina), 1998. Parte 2 de 3 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F93NZeV0yoI&feature;=youtu.be Parte 3 de 3 http:...
- published: 16 Jan 2013
- views: 2123
- author: Indignados tresarroyos
The History of Ernesto Che Guevara - A Short Story
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Updated: 26 Apr 2013
Friend me on Facebook! http://on.fb.me/gCSs8F Sources: Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life by Jon Lee Anderson, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che_guevara, Huffi...
http://wn.com/The_History_of_Ernesto_Che_Guevara_A_Short_Story
Friend me on Facebook! http://on.fb.me/gCSs8F Sources: Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life by Jon Lee Anderson, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Che_guevara, Huffi...
- published: 14 Jun 2011
- views: 237163
- author: jeremiahjw
Che Guevara Bio-Pic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:56
- Updated: 29 Apr 2010
A comprehensive pictorial history of the life of revolutionary Ernesto 'Che' Guevara.
http://wn.com/Che_Guevara_Bio-Pic
A comprehensive pictorial history of the life of revolutionary Ernesto 'Che' Guevara.
- published: 29 Apr 2010
- views: 10745
Enigma - Ernesto Che Guevara: un mito e tanti misteri.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:48
- Updated: 24 Apr 2011
http://wn.com/Enigma_Ernesto_Che_Guevara_un_mito_e_tanti_misteri
- published: 24 Apr 2011
- views: 11881
4:03
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/ta...
published: 05 Feb 2013
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 80879669
- author: PinkVEVO
3:53
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id55...
published: 29 Aug 2012
author: Ryan Lewis
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 267662900
- author: Ryan Lewis
4:00
James Arthur sings Shontelle's Impossible - The Final - The X Factor UK 2012
Watch judges' comments at http://itv.com/XFactor (UK ONLY) Watch James Arthur sing Impossi...
published: 09 Dec 2012
author: TheXFactorUK
James Arthur sings Shontelle's Impossible - The Final - The X Factor UK 2012
Watch judges' comments at http://itv.com/XFactor (UK ONLY) Watch James Arthur sing Impossible by Shontelle Sweeeeet! As potential Winner's Singles go, this o...
- published: 09 Dec 2012
- views: 18301107
- author: TheXFactorUK
4:10
P!nk - Try (Official Lyric Video)
The Truth About Love available on iTunes NOW http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk pe...
published: 11 Sep 2012
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Try (Official Lyric Video)
The Truth About Love available on iTunes NOW http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk performing Try. (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entert...
- published: 11 Sep 2012
- views: 10122524
- author: PinkVEVO
7:35
Draw My Life - Ryan Higa
So i was pretty hesitant to make this video... but after all of your request, here is my D...
published: 11 Apr 2013
author: nigahiga
Draw My Life - Ryan Higa
So i was pretty hesitant to make this video... but after all of your request, here is my Draw My Life video! Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs: http://...
- published: 11 Apr 2013
- views: 7395661
- author: nigahiga
4:19
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on ...
published: 05 Jun 2010
author: EminemVEVO
Eminem - Not Afraid
Music video by Eminem performing Not Afraid. (C) 2010 Aftermath Records #VEVOCertified on September 11, 2010.http://www.vevo.com/certified http://www.youtube...
- published: 05 Jun 2010
- views: 404714447
- author: EminemVEVO
4:31
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 201...
published: 18 Sep 2012
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 4116781
- author: PinkVEVO
4:08
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by R...
published: 12 Feb 2013
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 109592857
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:43
Rihanna - Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/Un...
published: 09 Nov 2012
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 266101016
- author: RihannaVEVO
8:29
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WAN...
published: 28 Mar 2013
author: JennaMarbles
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
- published: 28 Mar 2013
- views: 5206318
- author: JennaMarbles
4:50
Most Annoying People On The Internet
Don't be these people. Mapoti See Bloopers and Behind-The-Scenes Here!: http://youtu.be/df...
published: 28 Feb 2013
author: nigahiga
Most Annoying People On The Internet
Don't be these people. Mapoti See Bloopers and Behind-The-Scenes Here!: http://youtu.be/dfpo7uXwJnM Huge thank you and shout out to Dtrix: http://www.youtube...
- published: 28 Feb 2013
- views: 5868318
- author: nigahiga
3:22
Fast & Furious 6 Official Trailer #1 (2013) - Vin Diesel Movie HD
Subscribe to TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/sxaw6h Subscribe to COMING SOON: http://bit.ly/H2vZUn...
published: 05 Feb 2013
author: movieclipsTRAILERS
Fast & Furious 6 Official Trailer #1 (2013) - Vin Diesel Movie HD
Subscribe to TRAILERS: http://bit.ly/sxaw6h Subscribe to COMING SOON: http://bit.ly/H2vZUn Like us on FACEBOOK:http://goo.gl/dHs73. Subscribe to INDIE TRAILE...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 10141708
- author: movieclipsTRAILERS
5:09
The Next Viral Youtube Trend!
Its a simple math equation really... Click to see Bloopers and The making of this video he...
published: 02 Apr 2013
author: nigahiga
The Next Viral Youtube Trend!
Its a simple math equation really... Click to see Bloopers and The making of this video here!: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nccOGxj27J8 Follow me on TWITTE...
- published: 02 Apr 2013
- views: 6281329
- author: nigahiga
3:11
One Direction - Kiss You (Official)
Music video by One Direction performing Kiss You. (C) 2013 Simco Limited under exclusive l...
published: 07 Jan 2013
author: OneDirectionVEVO
One Direction - Kiss You (Official)
Music video by One Direction performing Kiss You. (C) 2013 Simco Limited under exclusive licence to Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited #VEVOCertified on Mar...
- published: 07 Jan 2013
- views: 120329446
- author: OneDirectionVEVO
Vimeo results:
0:53
Hair Conditioner
Director: Jonathan Gurvit
Production Company: El.Ei Studios
Ejecutive Producers: Sebasti...
published: 01 May 2010
author: Jonathan Gurvit
Hair Conditioner
Director: Jonathan Gurvit
Production Company: El.Ei Studios
Ejecutive Producers: Sebastián Lopez / Rodrigo Carvajal
DOP: Alejandro Giulani
Editor: Sabrina Mottino
Music: Andres Cortes
ECD: Gastón Bigio
Head of Art: Jonathan Gurvit
Creatives: Ignacio Ferioli / Joaquin Cubria
Producer: Marcelo Ramos / Valeria Pinto
Postproduction: Bleed VFX
VFX Supervisor: Paolo Cavalieri.
Lead Compositor: Sergio Pickelny.
Post-Production Producer: Valeria Andino.
Executive Producer: Ezequiel Naya
3D Artists: Alejandro Ruiz, Pedro Casavecchia.
Compositing: Ariel Picone, Pablo Biondi.
Colour: Che Revolution Post
15:01
CATERPILLAR
Finding your way can mean losing your mind in the process…
An isolated elderly woman, in ...
published: 15 Dec 2012
author: David Field
CATERPILLAR
Finding your way can mean losing your mind in the process…
An isolated elderly woman, in desperate need of stimulation, conjures an infestation of silk-spinning caterpillars, thus leading her to a mind-bending epiphany.
‘Caterpillar’ is a cerebral drama, filmed in the historical Wynkoop House, famous for housing George Washington. The crew consists of highly esteemed artists working across a wide spectrum of disciplines. This includes special effects artist, Ben Bornstein (300, The Fighter), visual effects artist Greg Silverman (Black Swan), and editor, Corey Bayes (Haywire, Contagion, The Informant, Che). From storyline through production, Caterpillar is an ode to the creative process. This film is a must-see for anyone who has ever submitted to their imagination and felt transformed by an idea.
INTERVIEWS:
With Director, David Field
http://www.thewhirlingblog.com/2012/01/30/interview-13012-artistfilmmaker-david-field/
With Cinematographer, Eric Giovon
http://www.davidfieldproductions.com/interview-with-eric-giovon-cinematographer-for-the-film-caterpillar/
With SFX artist, Ben Bornstein
http://www.davidfieldproductions.com/interview-with-ben-bornstein-special-fx-artist-for-the-film-caterpillar/
visit here for behind the scenes pics, videos and more:
http://www.caterpillarfilm.com
To view the rest of David Field's works:
http://www.davidfieldproductions.com
6:32
The Derelicts a short film by eGarage
www.eGarage.com for more videos
Directed/filmed by Nic Jimenez and Paul Nguyen
Produced b...
published: 22 Jan 2012
author: eGarage
The Derelicts a short film by eGarage
www.eGarage.com for more videos
Directed/filmed by Nic Jimenez and Paul Nguyen
Produced by eGarage
Camera 3/Stills : Ernesto Che
Stills/Grip: Jorge Payan
Edited: Paul Nguyen
Cars: Derelicts by www.icon4x4.com
outro song: everything in its right place (remix)
2:21
L'homme 100 têtes by JUL & MAT All rights reserved
Directed by Jul & Mat - All rights reserved
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du conce...
published: 30 Oct 2008
author: JUL & MAT
L'homme 100 têtes by JUL & MAT All rights reserved
Directed by Jul & Mat - All rights reserved
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du concept : http://www.juletmat.fr
Music: http://www.believedigital.fr/p/3661585033189/1179/fr
Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/julandmat.directors
Twitter : https://twitter.com/juletmat
web : http://www.juletmat.fr
*****
100 and one faces. 101 faces
Playing off the theme of a recent video contest, « Transformation : Live and React », JUL & MAT (France) explored the human face, the most exposed and personal part of the human body. Their dynamic portrayal of 1000 and one faces is a mosaic of portraits and emotions that plays off of the power of faces seen close up. Julien Fargo composed the melody that encapsulates the film.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
All rights reserved L'homme 100 têtes
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du concept : http://www.juletmat.fr
L'uomo dalle 100 teste.
Per un concorso video per il quale il tema era "Trasformazione:Vivere-Reagire". JUL & MAT si sono interessati al viso, parte più personale e più esposta del nostro corpo. Questo quadro in movimento delle "1000 e una faccia" ci offre un mosaico di ritratti ed emozioni che giocano sulla potenza dei visi in primo piano.
In più, Julien Fargo è il compositore di questa melodia in cui si racchiude l'essenza di questo film.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
All rights reserved L'homme 100 têtes
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du concept : http://www.juletmat.fr
El hombre 100 de cabezas.
Para un concurso cuyo tema era "Transformación: vivir-reaccionar", JUL & MAT (France) se interesaron por el rostro, el más personal y más expuesto de las partes de nuestro cuerpo. Esta pintura agitada de los " 1000 y uno rostros" nos ofrece un mosaico de retratos y de emociones que se aprovecha del poder de los rostros en primer plano. Por último, Julien Fargo es el quien compuso esta melodía, verdadero joyero para esta película.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
All rights reserved L'homme 100 têtes
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du concept : http://www.juletmat.fr
L'homme 100 têtes.
Pour un concours vidéo dont le thème était "Transformation:Vivre-Réagir", JUL & MAT se sont intéressés au visage, la plus personnelle et la plus exposée des parties de notre corps. Ce tableau mouvementé des « 1000 et une faces » nous offre une mosaïque de portraits et d'émotions qui joue sur la puissance des visages en gros plan. Enfin, c'est Julien Fargo qui a composé cette mélodie, véritable écrin pour ce film. Future pub Apple ou Benetton ?
Youtube results:
2:11
How Girls Fall Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet th...
published: 22 Nov 2012
author: JennaMarbles
How Girls Fall Asleep
Woaaaah angel faced internet friends let me just tell you something, I got new internet the other day and my video uploaded faster than fucking butt lightnin...
- published: 22 Nov 2012
- views: 11518095
- author: JennaMarbles
9:27
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
Max does have his own channel, http://www.youtube.com/maxnosleeves, although it's mostly m...
published: 02 Aug 2012
author: JennaMarbles
My Boyfriend Does My Makeup Tag
Max does have his own channel, http://www.youtube.com/maxnosleeves, although it's mostly me because I'm electric Please subscribe to my channel and my vlog c...
- published: 02 Aug 2012
- views: 12641064
- author: JennaMarbles
2:34
The Kendama Toy!
Check out the Bloopers and Behind the scenes for this vid: http://youtu.be/27OCIp6LwhE Why...
published: 08 Feb 2013
author: nigahiga
The Kendama Toy!
Check out the Bloopers and Behind the scenes for this vid: http://youtu.be/27OCIp6LwhE Why play with an xbox, wii, or internet when you could be KENDAMAing! ...
- published: 08 Feb 2013
- views: 2785552
- author: nigahiga
3:55
Perfect Two - Now Available on ITunes!
Written by Auburn, Jonathan Keyes, J.R Rotem. Guitars by Jonathan Keyes Produced by J.R Ro...
published: 26 Dec 2009
author: MixedLyricsPrincesax
Perfect Two - Now Available on ITunes!
Written by Auburn, Jonathan Keyes, J.R Rotem. Guitars by Jonathan Keyes Produced by J.R Rotem New Perfect Two Lyric Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HRv...
- published: 26 Dec 2009
- views: 62031490
- author: MixedLyricsPrincesax
4:03
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/ta...
published: 05 Feb 2013
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Just Give Me A Reason ft. Nate Ruess
From the Grammy Nominated album The Truth About Love available now - http://smarturl.it/tal Music video by P!nk featuring Nate Ruess performing Just Give Me ...
- published: 05 Feb 2013
- views: 80879669
- author: PinkVEVO
3:50
Rihanna - Take A Bow
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66288884. (C) ...
published: 30 Nov 2009
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Take A Bow
Music video by Rihanna performing Take A Bow. YouTube view counts pre-VEVO: 66288884. (C) 2008 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 30 Nov 2009
- views: 91829643
- author: RihannaVEVO
3:53
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id55...
published: 29 Aug 2012
author: Ryan Lewis
MACKLEMORE & RYAN LEWIS - THRIFT SHOP FEAT. WANZ (OFFICIAL VIDEO)
Thrift Shop on iTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/thrift-shop-feat.-wanz-single/id556955707 The Heist physical deluxe edition: http://www.macklemoremer...
- published: 29 Aug 2012
- views: 267662900
- author: Ryan Lewis
3:23
One Direction - One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks)
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing somet...
published: 20 Feb 2013
author: OneDirectionVEVO
One Direction - One Way Or Another (Teenage Kicks)
As well as releasing the Red Nose Day single, One Direction are fundraising by doing something funny for money...and they want you to join them! Get involved...
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 87336094
- author: OneDirectionVEVO
3:17
Beyoncé - Love On Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment....
published: 16 Oct 2011
author: beyonceVEVO
Beyoncé - Love On Top
Music video by Beyoncé performing Love On Top. (C) 2011 Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 16 Oct 2011
- views: 87592443
- author: beyonceVEVO
4:56
Rihanna - Unfaithful
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEV...
published: 23 Nov 2009
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Unfaithful
Music video by Rihanna performing Unfaithful. (C) 2006 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on Feb. 15, 2012. http://vevo.com/certified http://youtu...
- published: 23 Nov 2009
- views: 147412810
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:31
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 201...
published: 18 Sep 2012
author: PinkVEVO
P!nk - Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles)
Music video by P!nk performing Try (The Truth About Love - Live From Los Angeles). (C) 2012 RCA Records, a division of Sony Music Entertainment.
- published: 18 Sep 2012
- views: 4116781
- author: PinkVEVO
4:08
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by R...
published: 12 Feb 2013
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Stay ft. Mikky Ekko
Download "Stay" from Unapologetic now: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Stay ft. Mikky Ekko. © 2013 The Island Def Jam Mu...
- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 109592857
- author: RihannaVEVO
4:43
Rihanna - Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/Un...
published: 09 Nov 2012
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - Diamonds
Pre-order new album Unapologetic, out worldwide Monday, November 19: http://smarturl.it/UnapologeticDlx Music video by Rihanna performing Diamonds. ©: The Is...
- published: 09 Nov 2012
- views: 266101016
- author: RihannaVEVO
3:30
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7g...
published: 15 Oct 2012
author: ERB
Barack Obama vs Mitt Romney. Epic Rap Battles Of History Season 2.
Tweet this Vid-ee-oh! http://clicktotweet.com/bbcf0 Download this Song - http://bit.ly/T7gB3V Tshirts for this battle: http://bit.ly/TkqQC1 http://Instagram....
- published: 15 Oct 2012
- views: 64470641
- author: ERB
3:42
Drive Thru Invisible Driver Prank
Learn Magic at http://www.penguinmagic.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/themagicofrahat...
published: 08 Jan 2013
author: MagicofRahat
Drive Thru Invisible Driver Prank
Learn Magic at http://www.penguinmagic.com Instagram: http://instagram.com/themagicofrahat Twitter: http://twitter.com/magicofrahat Facebook Group: http://ww...
- published: 08 Jan 2013
- views: 33828158
- author: MagicofRahat
3:20
'Gangnam Style' Mom and Son!
Their web video was all over YouTube and they're here to perform their Gangnam Style duet!...
published: 19 Sep 2012
author: TheEllenShow
'Gangnam Style' Mom and Son!
Their web video was all over YouTube and they're here to perform their Gangnam Style duet! This mom-and-son dance team are too cute to miss. Watch their orig...
- published: 19 Sep 2012
- views: 25434640
- author: TheEllenShow
4:50
Most Annoying People On The Internet
Don't be these people. Mapoti See Bloopers and Behind-The-Scenes Here!: http://youtu.be/df...
published: 28 Feb 2013
author: nigahiga
Most Annoying People On The Internet
Don't be these people. Mapoti See Bloopers and Behind-The-Scenes Here!: http://youtu.be/dfpo7uXwJnM Huge thank you and shout out to Dtrix: http://www.youtube...
- published: 28 Feb 2013
- views: 5868318
- author: nigahiga
3:12
What A Girl's Hair Means
Hey friendship you know what I was thinking about? What if there were no such thing as "ta...
published: 24 Jan 2013
author: JennaMarbles
What A Girl's Hair Means
Hey friendship you know what I was thinking about? What if there were no such thing as "taco night" what if there was just taco forever? Like all we ever ate...
- published: 24 Jan 2013
- views: 7321144
- author: JennaMarbles
Vimeo results:
0:53
Hair Conditioner
Director: Jonathan Gurvit
Production Company: El.Ei Studios
Ejecutive Producers: Sebasti...
published: 01 May 2010
author: Jonathan Gurvit
Hair Conditioner
Director: Jonathan Gurvit
Production Company: El.Ei Studios
Ejecutive Producers: Sebastián Lopez / Rodrigo Carvajal
DOP: Alejandro Giulani
Editor: Sabrina Mottino
Music: Andres Cortes
ECD: Gastón Bigio
Head of Art: Jonathan Gurvit
Creatives: Ignacio Ferioli / Joaquin Cubria
Producer: Marcelo Ramos / Valeria Pinto
Postproduction: Bleed VFX
VFX Supervisor: Paolo Cavalieri.
Lead Compositor: Sergio Pickelny.
Post-Production Producer: Valeria Andino.
Executive Producer: Ezequiel Naya
3D Artists: Alejandro Ruiz, Pedro Casavecchia.
Compositing: Ariel Picone, Pablo Biondi.
Colour: Che Revolution Post
15:01
CATERPILLAR
Finding your way can mean losing your mind in the process…
An isolated elderly woman, in ...
published: 15 Dec 2012
author: David Field
CATERPILLAR
Finding your way can mean losing your mind in the process…
An isolated elderly woman, in desperate need of stimulation, conjures an infestation of silk-spinning caterpillars, thus leading her to a mind-bending epiphany.
‘Caterpillar’ is a cerebral drama, filmed in the historical Wynkoop House, famous for housing George Washington. The crew consists of highly esteemed artists working across a wide spectrum of disciplines. This includes special effects artist, Ben Bornstein (300, The Fighter), visual effects artist Greg Silverman (Black Swan), and editor, Corey Bayes (Haywire, Contagion, The Informant, Che). From storyline through production, Caterpillar is an ode to the creative process. This film is a must-see for anyone who has ever submitted to their imagination and felt transformed by an idea.
INTERVIEWS:
With Director, David Field
http://www.thewhirlingblog.com/2012/01/30/interview-13012-artistfilmmaker-david-field/
With Cinematographer, Eric Giovon
http://www.davidfieldproductions.com/interview-with-eric-giovon-cinematographer-for-the-film-caterpillar/
With SFX artist, Ben Bornstein
http://www.davidfieldproductions.com/interview-with-ben-bornstein-special-fx-artist-for-the-film-caterpillar/
visit here for behind the scenes pics, videos and more:
http://www.caterpillarfilm.com
To view the rest of David Field's works:
http://www.davidfieldproductions.com
6:32
The Derelicts a short film by eGarage
www.eGarage.com for more videos
Directed/filmed by Nic Jimenez and Paul Nguyen
Produced b...
published: 22 Jan 2012
author: eGarage
The Derelicts a short film by eGarage
www.eGarage.com for more videos
Directed/filmed by Nic Jimenez and Paul Nguyen
Produced by eGarage
Camera 3/Stills : Ernesto Che
Stills/Grip: Jorge Payan
Edited: Paul Nguyen
Cars: Derelicts by www.icon4x4.com
outro song: everything in its right place (remix)
2:21
L'homme 100 têtes by JUL & MAT All rights reserved
Directed by Jul & Mat - All rights reserved
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du conce...
published: 30 Oct 2008
author: JUL & MAT
L'homme 100 têtes by JUL & MAT All rights reserved
Directed by Jul & Mat - All rights reserved
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du concept : http://www.juletmat.fr
Music: http://www.believedigital.fr/p/3661585033189/1179/fr
Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/julandmat.directors
Twitter : https://twitter.com/juletmat
web : http://www.juletmat.fr
*****
100 and one faces. 101 faces
Playing off the theme of a recent video contest, « Transformation : Live and React », JUL & MAT (France) explored the human face, the most exposed and personal part of the human body. Their dynamic portrayal of 1000 and one faces is a mosaic of portraits and emotions that plays off of the power of faces seen close up. Julien Fargo composed the melody that encapsulates the film.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
All rights reserved L'homme 100 têtes
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du concept : http://www.juletmat.fr
L'uomo dalle 100 teste.
Per un concorso video per il quale il tema era "Trasformazione:Vivere-Reagire". JUL & MAT si sono interessati al viso, parte più personale e più esposta del nostro corpo. Questo quadro in movimento delle "1000 e una faccia" ci offre un mosaico di ritratti ed emozioni che giocano sulla potenza dei visi in primo piano.
In più, Julien Fargo è il compositore di questa melodia in cui si racchiude l'essenza di questo film.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
All rights reserved L'homme 100 têtes
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du concept : http://www.juletmat.fr
El hombre 100 de cabezas.
Para un concurso cuyo tema era "Transformación: vivir-reaccionar", JUL & MAT (France) se interesaron por el rostro, el más personal y más expuesto de las partes de nuestro cuerpo. Esta pintura agitada de los " 1000 y uno rostros" nos ofrece un mosaico de retratos y de emociones que se aprovecha del poder de los rostros en primer plano. Por último, Julien Fargo es el quien compuso esta melodía, verdadero joyero para esta película.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
All rights reserved L'homme 100 têtes
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du concept : http://www.juletmat.fr
L'homme 100 têtes.
Pour un concours vidéo dont le thème était "Transformation:Vivre-Réagir", JUL & MAT se sont intéressés au visage, la plus personnelle et la plus exposée des parties de notre corps. Ce tableau mouvementé des « 1000 et une faces » nous offre une mosaïque de portraits et d'émotions qui joue sur la puissance des visages en gros plan. Enfin, c'est Julien Fargo qui a composé cette mélodie, véritable écrin pour ce film. Future pub Apple ou Benetton ?
Youtube results:
4:44
Rihanna - California King Bed
Music video by Rihanna performing California King Bed. (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music G...
published: 07 May 2011
author: RihannaVEVO
Rihanna - California King Bed
Music video by Rihanna performing California King Bed. (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group.
- published: 07 May 2011
- views: 146484641
- author: RihannaVEVO
8:29
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WAN...
published: 28 Mar 2013
author: JennaMarbles
Draw My Life- Jenna Marbles
This video accidentally turned out kind of sad, ME SO SOWWY IT NOT POSED TO BE SAD WHO WANTS HUGS AND COOKIES? Also, FYI for anyone attempting this, it takes...
- published: 28 Mar 2013
- views: 5206318
- author: JennaMarbles
5:02
Hair Tutorial Gone Wrong
Her hair styling may not have worked out, but her YouTube video of it is a big hit! Tori t...
published: 26 Feb 2013
author: TheEllenShow
Hair Tutorial Gone Wrong
Her hair styling may not have worked out, but her YouTube video of it is a big hit! Tori told Ellen the story behind her viral video sensation.
- published: 26 Feb 2013
- views: 6785348
- author: TheEllenShow
4:58
Expectations vs Reality: Romance
What people expect romance to be vs what it really is...
Follow Catherine!
https://twitte...
published: 15 Feb 2013
Expectations vs Reality: Romance
What people expect romance to be vs what it really is...
Follow Catherine!
https://twitter.com/CDekoekkoek
Check out my 2nd Channel for more vlogs:
http://www.youtube.com/higatv
Follow me on twitter for more useless stuff about me
http://www.twitter.com/therealryanhiga
Like my facebook page if you're into that sorta stuff
http://www.facebook.com/higatv
Oh and here is my site... theres not much on it.. but here:
http://www.higatv.com
- published: 15 Feb 2013
- views: 4247891
2:53
Che Guevara interview Ireland 1964
"the first thing to note is that in my son's veins flowed the blood of Irish rebels"-----E...
published: 04 May 2009
author: maddogmcglinchey
Che Guevara interview Ireland 1964
"the first thing to note is that in my son's veins flowed the blood of Irish rebels"-----Ernesto Guevara Lynch The Second thing to note on my behalf is that ...
- published: 04 May 2009
- views: 446948
- author: maddogmcglinchey
28:36
Che Guevara in New York, USA 1964 - interview
Che Guevara in USA, New York December 16, 1964 Interview with several journalists (narrate...
published: 31 Jan 2012
author: solidaritet2010
Che Guevara in New York, USA 1964 - interview
Che Guevara in USA, New York December 16, 1964 Interview with several journalists (narrated by Chris Couch) in the Cuban Mission HQ in New York (East 67th St...
- published: 31 Jan 2012
- views: 66129
- author: solidaritet2010
9:33
Part 1 of 2: Michael Moore's "Sicko" - Interview with Che Guevara's Daughter
This clip was too powerful not to share. All copyrights belong to Michael Moore and associ...
published: 20 May 2010
author: madisonave64
Part 1 of 2: Michael Moore's "Sicko" - Interview with Che Guevara's Daughter
This clip was too powerful not to share. All copyrights belong to Michael Moore and associates. This clip was taken from the "Special Features" section of Mi...
- published: 20 May 2010
- views: 39711
- author: madisonave64
9:44
L'interview de Che Guevara (1964)
RTS / En avril 1964, l'équipe de l'émission Point, conduite par le journaliste Jean Dumur,...
published: 12 Oct 2007
author: TSR
L'interview de Che Guevara (1964)
RTS / En avril 1964, l'équipe de l'émission Point, conduite par le journaliste Jean Dumur, rencontre Ernesto "Che" Guevara à l'Hôtel Intercontinental, à Genè...
- published: 12 Oct 2007
- views: 452457
- author: TSR
23:54
1964 - Che Guevara's first American interview (w/ Lisa Howard)
Che Guevara interviewed on ABC's Issues and Answers, (23:53), English translation, narrate...
published: 24 Aug 2012
author: Arslan Akhtar
1964 - Che Guevara's first American interview (w/ Lisa Howard)
Che Guevara interviewed on ABC's Issues and Answers, (23:53), English translation, narrated by Lisa Howard, March 24, 1964. The discussion mainly spins aroun...
- published: 24 Aug 2012
- views: 1068
- author: Arslan Akhtar
11:48
Che Guevara's Daughter Dr. Aleida Guevara - Michael Moore
Michael Moore's "Sicko" - Interview with Che Guevara's Daughter All copyrights belong to M...
published: 11 Sep 2011
author: solidaritet2010
Che Guevara's Daughter Dr. Aleida Guevara - Michael Moore
Michael Moore's "Sicko" - Interview with Che Guevara's Daughter All copyrights belong to Michael Moore and associates. This clip was taken from the "Special ...
- published: 11 Sep 2011
- views: 2862
- author: solidaritet2010
90:38
The True Story of Che Guevara - The Documentary
Argentinian doctor; joined Castro in Mexico in 1954; a leader of the 1956-59 Cuban Revolut...
published: 30 May 2012
author: E3lamelMokawama
The True Story of Che Guevara - The Documentary
Argentinian doctor; joined Castro in Mexico in 1954; a leader of the 1956-59 Cuban Revolution. Che served as president of Cuba's national bank and as Cuba's ...
- published: 30 May 2012
- views: 507462
- author: E3lamelMokawama
4:26
Che Guevara interview - Punta del Este - August 1961
http://www.cuba-style.com - A Virtual Museum explores the land, the people, the culture, a...
published: 01 Nov 2010
author: Cuba style
Che Guevara interview - Punta del Este - August 1961
http://www.cuba-style.com - A Virtual Museum explores the land, the people, the culture, arts and leaders of the History of Cuba. - http://www.cuba-style.c...
- published: 01 Nov 2010
- views: 4729
- author: Cuba style
6:21
Statement by Mr. Che Guevara (Cuba) before the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 1964
United Nations, 11 December 1964 - Statement in Spanish by Mr. Che Guevara (Cuba) before t...
published: 23 Jan 2009
author: unitednations
Statement by Mr. Che Guevara (Cuba) before the United Nations General Assembly on 11 December 1964
United Nations, 11 December 1964 - Statement in Spanish by Mr. Che Guevara (Cuba) before the United Nations General Assembly (19th session, 1299th meeting).
- published: 23 Jan 2009
- views: 198034
- author: unitednations
5:00
Nathalie Cardone - Che Guevara
Riprendiamoci. Continuo a credere in cio' che credo. Avevo 15 anni, ero stupido, e definir...
published: 26 Jun 2006
author: AbbyFuAn
Nathalie Cardone - Che Guevara
Riprendiamoci. Continuo a credere in cio' che credo. Avevo 15 anni, ero stupido, e definirlo "Dio" non aveva senso, ed era sopratutto sbagliato. Pero' rimarr...
- published: 26 Jun 2006
- views: 4391369
- author: AbbyFuAn
22:28
Che Guevara Interview on ABC's 'Issues & Answers", March 1964 [Audio]
Audio of the interview that Ernesto Che Guevara, then Cuba's Minister of Industry, gave to...
published: 26 Dec 2012
Che Guevara Interview on ABC's 'Issues & Answers", March 1964 [Audio]
Audio of the interview that Ernesto Che Guevara, then Cuba's Minister of Industry, gave to ABC correspondent Lisa Howard in 1964. The interview took place in Havana.
Η Συνέντευξη του Τσε Γκεβάρα, υπουργού βιομηχανίας της επαναστατικής κυβέρνησης της Κούβας, στην ανταποκρίτρια του ABC Λίζα Χάουαρντ, το Μάρτη του 1964. Η συνέντευξη δώθηκε στην Αβάνα και ήταν η πρώτη του Τσε στην αμερικανική τηλεόραση.
*** Διαβάστε όλη την συνέντευξη στα ελληνικά εδώ: http://guevaristas.net/2012/12/26/sinenteuxi-guevara-abc-1964/ ***
Che Guevara intervistë për televizionin ABC / تشي غيفارا مقابلة على التلفزيون الأمريكي / 切·格瓦拉在美國電視採訪 / Che Guevara interview à la télévision américaine / Che Guevara pakikipanayam sa amerikano telebisyon / अमेरिकी टेलीविजन पर चे ग्वेरा साक्षात्कार / アメリカのテレビでチェ·ゲバラのインタビュー / Че Гевара интервью на американском телевидении / Che Guevara entrevista en ABC 'Preguntas y Respuestas'.
- Ελληνικό Αρχείο Τσε Γκεβάρα © Guevaristas, http://www.guevaristas.net.
- Facebook page: http://tinyurl.com/cshtlar.
- published: 26 Dec 2012
- views: 352
2:36
BBC interview with Aleida Guevara
In September 2012, Dr Aleida Guevara - daughter of Argentine revolutionary Ernesto 'Che' G...
published: 14 Sep 2012
BBC interview with Aleida Guevara
In September 2012, Dr Aleida Guevara - daughter of Argentine revolutionary Ernesto 'Che' Guevara - visited the UK as a special guest of the Cuba Solidarity Campaign. She attended the TUC Conference in Brighton as part of her 'Remembering Che' tour and conducted this interview with BBC South East.
Further information about the Cuba Solidarity Campaign: www.cuba-solidarity.org.uk
- published: 14 Sep 2012
- views: 986
11:37
Interview with Aleida Guevara, daughter of Ernesto 'Che' Guevara
"Che dreamed of a united Latin America standing strong against the US"
Russia Today inter...
published: 01 Mar 2013
Interview with Aleida Guevara, daughter of Ernesto 'Che' Guevara
"Che dreamed of a united Latin America standing strong against the US"
Russia Today interview with Aleida Guevara, daughter of iconic revolutionary hero Ernesto 'Che' Guevara
http://cuba-solidarity.org.uk/
- published: 01 Mar 2013
- views: 242
146:30
Che Guevara (Documental completo)
la historia del che guevara documental completo este video tiene contenido de The Orchard ...
published: 16 May 2011
author: vladimir87tu
Che Guevara (Documental completo)
la historia del che guevara documental completo este video tiene contenido de The Orchard Music y Koch Entertainment del cual no tengo fines de lucro y tampo...
- published: 16 May 2011
- views: 413910
- author: vladimir87tu
Vimeo results:
0:53
Hair Conditioner
Director: Jonathan Gurvit
Production Company: El.Ei Studios
Ejecutive Producers: Sebasti...
published: 01 May 2010
author: Jonathan Gurvit
Hair Conditioner
Director: Jonathan Gurvit
Production Company: El.Ei Studios
Ejecutive Producers: Sebastián Lopez / Rodrigo Carvajal
DOP: Alejandro Giulani
Editor: Sabrina Mottino
Music: Andres Cortes
ECD: Gastón Bigio
Head of Art: Jonathan Gurvit
Creatives: Ignacio Ferioli / Joaquin Cubria
Producer: Marcelo Ramos / Valeria Pinto
Postproduction: Bleed VFX
VFX Supervisor: Paolo Cavalieri.
Lead Compositor: Sergio Pickelny.
Post-Production Producer: Valeria Andino.
Executive Producer: Ezequiel Naya
3D Artists: Alejandro Ruiz, Pedro Casavecchia.
Compositing: Ariel Picone, Pablo Biondi.
Colour: Che Revolution Post
15:01
CATERPILLAR
Finding your way can mean losing your mind in the process…
An isolated elderly woman, in ...
published: 15 Dec 2012
author: David Field
CATERPILLAR
Finding your way can mean losing your mind in the process…
An isolated elderly woman, in desperate need of stimulation, conjures an infestation of silk-spinning caterpillars, thus leading her to a mind-bending epiphany.
‘Caterpillar’ is a cerebral drama, filmed in the historical Wynkoop House, famous for housing George Washington. The crew consists of highly esteemed artists working across a wide spectrum of disciplines. This includes special effects artist, Ben Bornstein (300, The Fighter), visual effects artist Greg Silverman (Black Swan), and editor, Corey Bayes (Haywire, Contagion, The Informant, Che). From storyline through production, Caterpillar is an ode to the creative process. This film is a must-see for anyone who has ever submitted to their imagination and felt transformed by an idea.
INTERVIEWS:
With Director, David Field
http://www.thewhirlingblog.com/2012/01/30/interview-13012-artistfilmmaker-david-field/
With Cinematographer, Eric Giovon
http://www.davidfieldproductions.com/interview-with-eric-giovon-cinematographer-for-the-film-caterpillar/
With SFX artist, Ben Bornstein
http://www.davidfieldproductions.com/interview-with-ben-bornstein-special-fx-artist-for-the-film-caterpillar/
visit here for behind the scenes pics, videos and more:
http://www.caterpillarfilm.com
To view the rest of David Field's works:
http://www.davidfieldproductions.com
6:32
The Derelicts a short film by eGarage
www.eGarage.com for more videos
Directed/filmed by Nic Jimenez and Paul Nguyen
Produced b...
published: 22 Jan 2012
author: eGarage
The Derelicts a short film by eGarage
www.eGarage.com for more videos
Directed/filmed by Nic Jimenez and Paul Nguyen
Produced by eGarage
Camera 3/Stills : Ernesto Che
Stills/Grip: Jorge Payan
Edited: Paul Nguyen
Cars: Derelicts by www.icon4x4.com
outro song: everything in its right place (remix)
2:21
L'homme 100 têtes by JUL & MAT All rights reserved
Directed by Jul & Mat - All rights reserved
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du conce...
published: 30 Oct 2008
author: JUL & MAT
L'homme 100 têtes by JUL & MAT All rights reserved
Directed by Jul & Mat - All rights reserved
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du concept : http://www.juletmat.fr
Music: http://www.believedigital.fr/p/3661585033189/1179/fr
Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/julandmat.directors
Twitter : https://twitter.com/juletmat
web : http://www.juletmat.fr
*****
100 and one faces. 101 faces
Playing off the theme of a recent video contest, « Transformation : Live and React », JUL & MAT (France) explored the human face, the most exposed and personal part of the human body. Their dynamic portrayal of 1000 and one faces is a mosaic of portraits and emotions that plays off of the power of faces seen close up. Julien Fargo composed the melody that encapsulates the film.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
All rights reserved L'homme 100 têtes
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du concept : http://www.juletmat.fr
L'uomo dalle 100 teste.
Per un concorso video per il quale il tema era "Trasformazione:Vivere-Reagire". JUL & MAT si sono interessati al viso, parte più personale e più esposta del nostro corpo. Questo quadro in movimento delle "1000 e una faccia" ci offre un mosaico di ritratti ed emozioni che giocano sulla potenza dei visi in primo piano.
In più, Julien Fargo è il compositore di questa melodia in cui si racchiude l'essenza di questo film.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
All rights reserved L'homme 100 têtes
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du concept : http://www.juletmat.fr
El hombre 100 de cabezas.
Para un concurso cuyo tema era "Transformación: vivir-reaccionar", JUL & MAT (France) se interesaron por el rostro, el más personal y más expuesto de las partes de nuestro cuerpo. Esta pintura agitada de los " 1000 y uno rostros" nos ofrece un mosaico de retratos y de emociones que se aprovecha del poder de los rostros en primer plano. Por último, Julien Fargo es el quien compuso esta melodía, verdadero joyero para esta película.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
All rights reserved L'homme 100 têtes
Demandes de diffusion, ou utilisation du concept : http://www.juletmat.fr
L'homme 100 têtes.
Pour un concours vidéo dont le thème était "Transformation:Vivre-Réagir", JUL & MAT se sont intéressés au visage, la plus personnelle et la plus exposée des parties de notre corps. Ce tableau mouvementé des « 1000 et une faces » nous offre une mosaïque de portraits et d'émotions qui joue sur la puissance des visages en gros plan. Enfin, c'est Julien Fargo qui a composé cette mélodie, véritable écrin pour ce film. Future pub Apple ou Benetton ?
Youtube results:
2:19
Part 2 of 2 Michael Moore's "Sicko" - Interview with Che Guevara's Daughter
This clip was too powerful not to share. All copyrights belong to Michael Moore and associ...
published: 20 May 2010
author: madisonave64
Part 2 of 2 Michael Moore's "Sicko" - Interview with Che Guevara's Daughter
This clip was too powerful not to share. All copyrights belong to Michael Moore and associates. This clip was taken from the "Special Features" section of Mi...
- published: 20 May 2010
- views: 15491
- author: madisonave64
26:03
BBC Infamous Assassinations: Che Guevara (Documentary)
Infamous Assassinations is a 2007 British documentary television series about high-profile...
published: 20 Feb 2013
author: AssassinationsBBC
BBC Infamous Assassinations: Che Guevara (Documentary)
Infamous Assassinations is a 2007 British documentary television series about high-profile murders and attempted murders of public figures. It is currently b...
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 13022
- author: AssassinationsBBC
8:53
"Philly Occupiers": Former Soviet Citizen Argues with the Che Guevara Supporter (Part 1)
Philadelphia. June 30, 2012....
published: 01 Jul 2012
author: Vladimir Jaffe
"Philly Occupiers": Former Soviet Citizen Argues with the Che Guevara Supporter (Part 1)
Philadelphia. June 30, 2012.
- published: 01 Jul 2012
- views: 7856
- author: Vladimir Jaffe
photo: Flickr
26 Apr 2013
Note to Justin Timberlake. If you're planning on bringing sexy back, don't bring it through Saudi Arabia. The middle eastern country made headlines earlier this month after supposedly deporting three men for being too handsome ... (Photo via Flickr). Conclusive proof? Hardly. Al Gala has yet to return inquiries from The Huffington Post, but plenty of other outlets have had fun with the rumors ... Also on HuffPost. ... Like ... ....(size: 2.1Kb)
photo: AP / David Guttenfelder
26 Apr 2013
North Korea has rejected South Korea's offer to open formal talks on restarting operations at the Kaesong joint industrial zone, Yonhap news agency has said. Yonhap news agency confirmed the rejection on Friday, citing the North Korea's National Defence Commission ... North Korea blocked access to the Kaesong site and pulled out its 53,000 workers as military tensions soared in the region this month. ... ... 390 Source. ... News ... Viewed ... ....(size: 7.3Kb)
The Star
28 Apr 2013
The Star
28 Apr 2013
The Times of India
28 Apr 2013
HYDERABAD. Police have taken two brothers into custody for their suspected role in the brutal murder of history-sheeter Ghore Mohammed at Che Number Junction in Amberpet on Friday night ... On Friday around 11.15pm, Ghore Mohammed was stabbed to death while he was passing by Che Number Bus Stop in Amberpet ... ....(size: 1.6Kb)
noodls
28 Apr 2013
(Source. Beijing Municipal Government) ... Set up in 1986 by private entrepreneur Che Jianxin, the Shanghai-based Red Star Macalline group has been among China's top 10 furnishing chains for years, while its commercial property development unit was ranked the second-largest in the industry last year ... distributed by ... (noodl. 18406142) ....(size: 1.7Kb)
The Star
27 Apr 2013
Deccan Chronicle
27 Apr 2013
Bengaluru. The family members of those arrested in connection with the bomb blast in Bengaluru on April 17 have finally been granted permission by the court to meet their kin in police custody. They also held a press conference on Friday alleging that their relatives have been wrongfully detained ... On April 17, he was in the Delhi-Chennai Duranto Express on his way back to the city ... He had called Basheer to pick him at Chennai....(size: 2.5Kb)
Journal Online
27 Apr 2013
FORMAL charges of organized vote-buying were filed at the Cavite fiscal’s office against the group of Lakas gubernatorial candidate Jonvic Remulla and 13 other local bets ... Florendo, 24; Cristina A. Cabrera, 25; and Teresita A. Moreno, 54, stated that on April 4, 2013 an acquaintance by the name of Che Florendo sought them out and invited them to a voters’ education meeting at the University of Perpetual Help in the town of GMA ... ....(size: 3.0Kb)
noodls
27 Apr 2013
(Source. Government of Colombia). Bogotá, DC, April 24, 2013.- The Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Tourism, through the Productive Transformation Program (PTP), launched the business plan for the wellness tourism sector, an area in which Colombia stands to become a regional leader. The strategy plans to create 10,000 jobs and revenue of USD 450.6 million by 2032 ... Meanwhile, the Manager of the PTP, Juan Carlos Garavito, said ... CHE / LSC....(size: 3.6Kb)
noodls
27 Apr 2013
(Source. Government of Colombia). Bucaramanga, April 24, 2013.- The Prosperity Agreement #104 began today in Bucaramanga, with three thematic work groups that will develop the event's theme. "Strengthening MSMEs and Entrepreneurship.". The conclusions of the meeting will be delivered to President Juan Manuel Santos, tomorrow ... In addition to these groups, a fourth table will be open for citizen participation ... CHE / LSC ... PHOTO....(size: 3.6Kb)
The Guardian
27 Apr 2013
At times there is something childlike about the formerly convicted murderer, who I've been writing to for nearly four years. Amanda Knox during her trial in Perugia, Italy, in January 2011. Photograph. Reuters. I first wrote to Amanda Knox after interviewing her mother, Edda Mellas, in September 2009 ... She finished the letter with a quote Io lo so che non sono sola anche quando suona sola – I know I am not alone even when I am alone ... ....(size: 4.6Kb)
noodls
27 Apr 2013
(Source. Government of Colombia). Bucaramanga, April 25, 2013.- Today, in Bucaramanga, the Minister of Trade, Industry, and Tourism, Sergio Diaz-Granados, during his speech at the Prosperity Agreement #104, called on the businesses of Santander to make use of the benefits under the Plan to Promote Productivity and Employment (PIPE, for its acronym in Spanish). MINISTER DIAZ-GRANADOS' MESSAGE AT AGREEMENT FOR PROSPERITY. ... PHOTO ... CHE/LSC....(size: 4.4Kb)
Digital Spy
27 Apr 2013
Adult TV star Shanti Dynamite has signed up for her first Bollywood film. After working as a glamour model on shows including Babestation, Masti Chat and Hotel Voyeur, Dynamite makes her movie debut in Chalo Doctor Doctor Khelein. "I don't know how it all happened so fast," she said ... I am going to acting, dancing, Hindi classes to prepare myself." ... More ... 'Kai Po Che!' review'Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola' review'Midnight's Children' review ... ....(size: 7.2Kb)
Digital Spy
27 Apr 2013
A 'shredded' version of Shah Rukh Khan's Jab Tak Hai Jaan track 'Challa' has gone viral. The song becomes the first Bollywood track to be shredded after the internet craze took off with videos from artists including The Beach Boys, Psy, Michael Bolton and Nirvana. © @iamsrk ... "Yeah this is gonna be a weekly thing," revealed Makan ... More ... Previous ... 'Kai Po Che!' review'Matru Ki Bijlee Ka Mandola' review'Midnight's Children' review ... 01 ... 02....(size: 8.2Kb)
- Che redirects here. For other uses, see Che (disambiguation)
| Che Guevara | |
|---|---|
| 250px "Guerrillero Heroico" Che Guevara at the La Coubre memorial service. Taken by Alberto Korda on March 5, 1960. |
|
| Born | Ernesto Guevara (1928-06-14)June 14, 1928 [1] Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina |
| Died | October 9, 1967(1967-10-09) (aged 39) (execution) La Higuera, Vallegrande, Bolivia |
| Resting place | Che Guevara Mausoleum Santa Clara, Cuba |
| Organization | 26th of July Movement, United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution,[2] National Liberation Army (Bolivia) |
| Religion | None (Marxist humanist)[3][4][5] |
| Spouse | Hilda Gadea (1955–1959) Aleida March (1959-1967, his death) |
| Children | Hilda (1956–1995), Aleida (b. 1960), Camilo (b. 1962), Celia (b. 1963), Ernesto (b. 1965) |
| Parents | Ernesto Guevara Lynch[6] Celia de la Serna[6] |
| Signature |  |
Ernesto "Che" Guevara (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtʃe ɣeˈβaɾa];[7] June 14,[1] 1928 – October 9, 1967), commonly known as el Che or simply Che, was an Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, intellectual, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist. A major figure of the Cuban Revolution, his stylized visage has become a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia within popular culture.[8]
As a young medical student, Guevara traveled throughout Latin America and was radically transformed by the endemic poverty and alienation he witnessed.[9] His experiences and observations during these trips led him to conclude that the region's ingrained economic inequalities were an intrinsic result of capitalism, monopolism, neocolonialism, and imperialism, with the only remedy being world revolution.[10] This belief prompted his involvement in Guatemala's social reforms under President Jacobo Arbenz, whose eventual CIA-assisted overthrow solidified Guevara's political ideology. Later, while living in Mexico City, he met Raúl and Fidel Castro, joined their 26th of July Movement, and sailed to Cuba aboard the yacht, Granma, with the intention of overthrowing U.S.-backed Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista.[11] Guevara soon rose to prominence among the insurgents, was promoted to second-in-command, and played a pivotal role in the victorious two-year guerrilla campaign that deposed the Batista regime.[12]
Following the Cuban Revolution, Guevara performed a number of key roles in the new government. These included reviewing the appeals and firing squads for those convicted as war criminals during the revolutionary tribunals,[13] instituting agrarian land reform as minister of industries, helping spearhead a successful nationwide literacy campaign, serving as both national bank president and instructional director for Cuba’s armed forces, and traversing the globe as a diplomat on behalf of Cuban socialism. Such positions also allowed him to play a central role in training the militia forces who repelled the Bay of Pigs Invasion[14] and bringing the Soviet nuclear-armed ballistic missiles to Cuba which precipitated the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis.[15] Additionally, he was a prolific writer and diarist, composing a seminal manual on guerrilla warfare, along with a best-selling memoir about his youthful motorcycle journey across South America. Guevara left Cuba in 1965 to foment revolution abroad, first unsuccessfully in Congo-Kinshasa and later in Bolivia, where he was captured by CIA-assisted Bolivian forces and executed.[16]
Guevara remains both a revered and reviled historical figure, polarized in the collective imagination in a multitude of biographies, memoirs, essays, documentaries, songs, and films. As a result of his perceived martyrdom, poetic invocations for class struggle, and desire to create the consciousness of a "new man" driven by moral rather than material incentives; he has evolved into a quintessential icon of various leftist-inspired movements. Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century,[17] while an Alberto Korda photograph of him entitled Guerrillero Heroico (shown), was cited by the Maryland Institute College of Art as "the most famous photograph in the world".[18]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Ernesto Guevara was born to Celia de la Serna y Llosa and Ernesto Guevara Lynch on June 14, 1928[1] in Rosario, Argentina, the eldest of five children in an Argentine family of Spanish, Basque and Irish descent.[19] In lieu of his parents' surnames, his legal name (Ernesto Guevara) will sometimes appear with de la Serna, or Lynch accompanying it. In reference to Che's "restless" nature, his father declared "the first thing to note is that in my son's veins flowed the blood of the Irish rebels."[20] Very early on in life Ernestito (as he was then called) developed an "affinity for the poor".[21] Growing up in a family with leftist leanings, Guevara was introduced to a wide spectrum of political perspectives even as a boy.[22] His father, a staunch supporter of Republicans from the Spanish Civil War, often hosted many veterans from the conflict in the Guevara home.[23]
Though suffering crippling bouts of acute asthma that were to afflict him throughout his life, he excelled as an athlete, enjoying swimming, football, golf, and shooting; while also becoming an "untiring" cyclist.[24][25] He was an avid rugby union player,[26] and played at fly-half for Club Universitario de Buenos Aires.[27] His rugby playing earned him the nickname "Fuser"—a contraction of El Furibundo (raging) and his mother's surname, de la Serna—for his aggressive style of play.[28]
Intellectual and literary interests[link]
Guevara learned chess from his father and began participating in local tournaments by age 12. During adolescence and throughout his life he was passionate about poetry, especially that of Pablo Neruda, John Keats, Antonio Machado, Federico García Lorca, Gabriela Mistral, César Vallejo, and Walt Whitman.[29] He could also recite Rudyard Kipling's "If—" and José Hernández's "Martín Fierro" from memory.[29] The Guevara home contained more than 3,000 books, which allowed Guevara to be an enthusiastic and eclectic reader, with interests including Karl Marx, William Faulkner, André Gide, Emilio Salgari and Jules Verne.[30] Additionally, he enjoyed the works of Jawaharlal Nehru, Franz Kafka, Albert Camus, Vladimir Lenin, and Jean-Paul Sartre; as well as Anatole France, Friedrich Engels, H. G. Wells, and Robert Frost.[31]
As he grew older, he developed an interest in the Latin American writers Horacio Quiroga, Ciro Alegría, Jorge Icaza, Rubén Darío, and Miguel Asturias.[31] Many of these authors' ideas he cataloged in his own handwritten notebooks of concepts, definitions, and philosophies of influential intellectuals. These included composing analytical sketches of Buddha and Aristotle, along with examining Bertrand Russell on love and patriotism, Jack London on society, and Nietzsche on the idea of death. Sigmund Freud's ideas fascinated him as he quoted him on a variety of topics from dreams and libido to narcissism and the oedipus complex.[31] His favorite subjects in school included philosophy, mathematics, engineering, political science, sociology, history and archaeology.[32][33]
Years later, a February 13, 1958, declassified CIA 'biographical and personality report' would make note of Guevara’s wide range of academic interests and intellect, describing him as "quite well read" while adding that "Che is fairly intellectual for a Latino."[34]
Motorcycle journey[link]
Main articles: The Motorcycle Diaries (book) and The Motorcycle Diaries (film)
In 1948, Guevara entered the University of Buenos Aires to study medicine. His "hunger to explore the world"[35] led him to intersperse his collegiate pursuits with two long introspective journeys that would fundamentally change the way he viewed himself and the contemporary economic conditions in Latin America. The first expedition in 1950 was a 4,500 kilometer (2,800 mi) solo trip through the rural provinces of northern Argentina on a bicycle on which he installed a small motor.[36] This was followed in 1951 by a nine month 8,000 kilometer (5,000 mi) continental motorcycle trek through most of South America. For the latter, he took a year off from studies to embark with his friend Alberto Granado, with the final goal of spending a few weeks volunteering at the San Pablo Leper colony in Peru, on the banks of the Amazon River.
In Chile, Guevara found himself enraged by the working conditions of the miners in Anaconda's Chuquicamata copper mine; and moved by his overnight encounter in the Atacama Desert with a persecuted communist couple who did not even own a blanket, describing them as "the shivering flesh-and-blood victims of capitalist exploitation".[38] Additionally, on the way to Machu Picchu high in the Andes, he was struck by the crushing poverty of the remote rural areas, where peasant farmers worked small plots of land owned by wealthy landlords.[39] Later on his journey, Guevara was especially impressed by the camaraderie among those living in a Leper Colony, stating "The highest forms of human solidarity and loyalty arise among such lonely and desperate people."[39] Guevara used notes taken during this trip to write an account entitled The Motorcycle Diaries, which later became a New York Times best-seller,[40] and was adapted into a 2004 award-winning film of the same name.
In total, the journey took Guevara through Argentina, Chile, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Panama, and to Miami, before returning home to Buenos Aires. By trip's end, he came to view Latin America not as collection of separate nations, but as a single entity requiring a continent-wide liberation strategy. His conception of a borderless, united Hispanic America sharing a common 'Latino' heritage was a theme that prominently recurred during his later revolutionary activities. Upon returning to Argentina, he completed his studies and received his medical degree in June 1953, making him officially "Dr. Ernesto Guevara".[41][42]
"A motorcycle journey the length of South America awakened him to the injustice of U.S. domination in the hemisphere, and to the suffering colonialism brought to its original inhabitants."
— George Galloway, British politician [43]
Guevara later remarked that through his travels of Latin America, he came in "close contact with poverty, hunger and disease" along with the "inability to treat a child because of lack of money" and "stupefaction provoked by the continual hunger and punishment" that leads a father to "accept the loss of a son as an unimportant accident". It was these experiences which Guevara cites as convincing him that in order to "help these people", he needed to leave the realm of medicine, and consider the political arena of armed struggle.[9]
Guatemala, Árbenz and United Fruit[link]
Main article: 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état
On July 7, 1953, Guevara set out again, this time to Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Honduras and El Salvador. On December 10, 1953, before leaving for Guatemala, Guevara sent an update to his Aunt Beatriz from San José, Costa Rica. In the letter Guevara speaks of traversing through the "dominions" of the United Fruit Company, which convinced him "how terrible" the "Capitalist octopuses" were.[44] This affirmed indignation carried the "head hunting tone" that he adopted in order to frighten his more Conservative relatives, and ends with Guevara swearing on an image of the then recently deceased Joseph Stalin, not to rest until these "octopuses have been vanquished".[45] Later that month, Guevara arrived in Guatemala where President Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán headed a democratically elected government that, through land reform and other initiatives, was attempting to end the latifundia system. To accomplish this, President Árbenz had enacted a major land reform program, where all uncultivated portions of large land holdings were to be expropriated and redistributed to landless peasants. The biggest land owner, and one most affected by the reforms, was the United Fruit Company, from which the Árbenz government had already taken more than 225,000 acres (910 km2) of uncultivated land.[46] Pleased with the road the nation was heading down, Guevara decided to settle down in Guatemala so as to "perfect himself and accomplish whatever may be necessary in order to become a true revolutionary."[47]
In Guatemala City, Guevara sought out Hilda Gadea Acosta, a Peruvian economist who was well-connected politically as a member of the left-leaning Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (APRA, American Popular Revolutionary Alliance). She introduced Guevara to a number of high-level officials in the Arbenz government. Guevara then established contact with a group of Cuban exiles linked to Fidel Castro through the July 26, 1953 attack on the Moncada Barracks in Santiago de Cuba. During this period he acquired his famous nickname, due to his frequent use of the Argentine diminutive interjection che, a vocative casual speech filler used to call attention or ascertain comprehension, similarly to both "bro" or the Canadian phrase "eh".[48]
Guevara's attempts to obtain a medical internship were unsuccessful and his economic situation was often precarious. On May 15, 1954, a shipment of Škoda infantry and light artillery weapons was sent from Communist Czechoslovakia for the Arbenz Government and arrived in Puerto Barrios.[49] As a result, the U.S. CIA sponsored an army which invaded the country and installed the right-wing dictatorship of Carlos Castillo Armas.[47] Guevara was eager to fight on behalf of Arbenz and joined an armed militia organized by the Communist Youth for that purpose, but frustrated with the group's inaction, he soon returned to medical duties. Following the coup, he again volunteered to fight, but soon after, Arbenz took refuge in the Mexican Embassy and told his foreign supporters to leave the country. Guevara’s repeated calls to resist were noted by supporters of the coup, and he was marked for murder.[50] After Hilda Gadea was arrested, Guevara sought protection inside the Argentine consulate, where he remained until he received a safe-conduct pass some weeks later and made his way to Mexico.[51] He married Gadea in Mexico in September 1955.[52]
The overthrow of the Arbenz regime cemented Guevara's view of the United States as an imperialist power that would oppose and attempt to destroy any government that sought to redress the socioeconomic inequality endemic to Latin America and other developing countries. In speaking about the coup Guevara stated:
"The last Latin American revolutionary democracy – that of Jacobo Arbenz – failed as a result of the cold premeditated aggression carried out by the U.S.A. Its visible head was the Secretary of State John Foster Dulles, a man who, through a rare coincidence, was also a stockholder and attorney for the United Fruit Company."[50]
Guevara's conviction that Marxism achieved through armed struggle and defended by an armed populace was the only way to rectify such conditions was thus strengthened.[53] Gadea wrote later, "It was Guatemala which finally convinced him of the necessity for armed struggle and for taking the initiative against imperialism. By the time he left, he was sure of this."[54]
Mexico City and preparation[link]
Guevara arrived in Mexico City in early September 1954, and worked in the allergy section of the General Hospital. In addition he gave lectures on medicine at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and worked as a news photographer for Latina News Agency.[55] His first wife Hilda notes in her memoir My Life with Che, that for a while, Guevara considered going to work as a doctor in Africa and that he continued to be deeply troubled by the poverty around him.[56] In one instance, Hilda describes Guevara's obsession with an elderly washerwoman whom he was treating, remarking that he saw her as "representative of the most forgotten and exploited class". Hilda later found a poem that Che had dedicated to the old woman, containing "a promise to fight for a better world, for a better life for all the poor and exploited."[56]
During this time he renewed his friendship with Ñico López and the other Cuban exiles whom he had met in Guatemala. In June 1955, López introduced him to Raúl Castro who subsequently introduced him to his older brother, Fidel Castro, the revolutionary leader who had formed the 26th of July Movement and was now plotting to overthrow the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. During a long conversation with Fidel on the night of their first meeting, Guevara concluded that the Cuban's cause was the one for which he had been searching and before daybreak he had signed up as a member of the July 26 Movement.[57] Despite their "contrasting personalities", from this point on Che and Fidel began to foster what dual biographer Simon Reid-Henry deems a "revolutionary friendship that would change the world", as a result of their coinciding commitment to anti-imperialism.[58]
By this point in Guevara’s life, he deemed that U.S.-controlled conglomerates installed and supported repressive regimes around the world. In this vein, he considered Batista a "U.S. puppet whose strings needed cutting".[59] Although he planned to be the group's combat medic, Guevara participated in the military training with the members of the Movement. The key portion of training involved learning hit and run tactics of guerrilla warfare. Guevara and the others underwent arduous 15-hour marches over mountains, across rivers, and through the dense undergrowth, learning and perfecting the procedures of ambush and quick retreat. From the start Guevara was Alberto Bayo's "prize student" among those in training, scoring the highest on all of the tests given.[60] At the end of the course, he was called "the best guerrilla of them all" by their instructor, General Bayo.[61]
Cuban Revolution[link]
Invasion, warfare and Santa Clara[link]
The first step in Castro's revolutionary plan was an assault on Cuba from Mexico via the Granma, an old, leaky cabin cruiser. They set out for Cuba on November 25, 1956. Attacked by Batista's military soon after landing, many of the 82 men were either killed in the attack or executed upon capture; only 22 found each other afterwards.[62] Guevara wrote that it was during this bloody confrontation that he laid down his medical supplies and picked up a box of ammunition dropped by a fleeing comrade, finalizing his symbolic transition from physician to combatant.
Only a small band of revolutionaries survived to re-group as a bedraggled fighting force deep in the Sierra Maestra mountains, where they received support from the urban guerrilla network of Frank País, the 26th of July Movement, and local campesinos. With the group withdrawn to the Sierra, the world wondered whether Castro was alive or dead until early 1957 when the interview by Herbert Matthews appeared in The New York Times. The article presented a lasting, almost mythical image for Castro and the guerrillas. Guevara was not present for the interview, but in the coming months he began to realize the importance of the media in their struggle. Meanwhile, as supplies and morale diminished, and with an allergy to mosquito bites which resulted in agonizing walnut-sized cysts on his body,[63] Guevara considered these "the most painful days of the war".[64]
During Guevara’s time living hidden among the poor subsistence farmers of the Sierra Maestra mountains, he discovered that there were no schools, no electricity, minimal access to healthcare, and more than 40 percent of the adults were illiterate.[65] As the war continued, Guevara became an integral part of the rebel army and "convinced Castro with competence, diplomacy and patience".[12] Guevara set up factories to make grenades, built ovens to bake bread, taught new recruits about tactics, and organized schools to teach illiterate campesinos to read and write.[12] Moreover, Guevara established health clinics, workshops to teach military tactics, and a newspaper to disseminate information.[66] The man who three years later would be dubbed by Time Magazine: "Castro's brain", at this point was promoted by Fidel Castro to Comandante (commander) of a second army column.[12]
As second in command, Guevara was a harsh disciplinarian who sometimes shot defectors. Deserters were punished as traitors, and Guevara was known to send squads to track those seeking to go AWOL.[67] As a result, Guevara became feared for his brutality and ruthlessness.[68] During the guerrilla campaign, Guevara was also responsible for the sometimes summary execution of a number of men accused of being informers, deserters or spies.[69] In his diaries, Guevara described the first such execution of Eutimio Guerra, a peasant army guide who admitted treason when it was discovered he accepted the promise of ten thousand pesos for repeatedly giving away the rebel's position for attack by the Cuban air force.[70] Such information also allowed Batista's army to burn the homes of rebel-friendly peasants.[70] Upon Guerra's request that they "end his life quickly",[70] Che stepped forward and shot him in the head, writing "The situation was uncomfortable for the people and for Eutimio so I ended the problem giving him a shot with a .32 pistol in the right side of the brain, with exit orifice in the right temporal [lobe]."[71] His scientific notations and matter-of-fact description, suggested to one biographer a "remarkable detachment to violence" by that point in the war.[71] Later, Guevara published a literary account of the incident entitled "Death of a Traitor", where he transfigured Eutimio's betrayal and pre-execution request that the revolution "take care of his children", into a "revolutionary parable about redemption through sacrifice".[71]
Although he maintained a demanding and harsh disposition, Guevara also viewed his role of commander as one of a teacher, entertaining his men during breaks between engagements with readings from the likes of Robert Louis Stevenson, Cervantes, and Spanish lyric poets.[72] Together with this role, and inspired by José Martí's principle of "literacy without borders", Guevara further ensured that his rebel fighters made daily time to teach the uneducated campesinos with whom they lived and fought to read and write, in what Guevara termed the "battle against ignorance".[65]
His commanding officer Fidel Castro has described Guevara as intelligent, daring, and an exemplary leader who "had great moral authority over his troops".[73] Castro further remarked that Guevara took too many risks, even having a "tendency toward foolhardiness".[74] Guevara's teenage lieutenant, Joel Iglesias, recounts such actions in his diary, noting that Guevara's behavior in combat even brought admiration from the enemy. On one occasion Iglesias recounts the time he had been wounded in battle, stating "Che ran out to me, defying the bullets, threw me over his shoulder, and got me out of there. The guards didn't dare fire at him ... later they told me he made a great impression on them when they saw him run out with his pistol stuck in his belt, ignoring the danger, they didn't dare shoot."[75]
Guevara was instrumental in creating the clandestine radio station Radio Rebelde (Rebel Radio) in February 1958, which broadcast news to the Cuban people with statements by the 26th of July movement, and provided radiotelephone communication between the growing number of rebel columns across the island. Guevara had apparently been inspired to create the station by observing the effectiveness of CIA supplied radio in Guatemala in ousting the government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán.[76]
In late July 1958, Guevara played a critical role in the Battle of Las Mercedes by using his column to halt a force of 1,500 men called up by Batista's General Cantillo in a plan to encircle and destroy Castro's forces. Years later, Major Larry Bockman of the United States Marine Corps would analyze and describe Che's tactical appreciation of this battle as "brilliant".[77] During this time Guevara also became an "expert" at leading hit-and-run tactics against Batista’s army, and then fading back into the countryside before the army could counterattack.[78]
As the war extended, Guevara led a new column of fighters dispatched westward for the final push towards Havana. Travelling by foot, Guevara embarked on a difficult 7 week march only travelling at night to avoid ambush, and often not eating for several days.[79] In the closing days of December 1958, Guevara’s task was to cut the island in half by taking Las Villas province. In a matter of days he executed a series of "brilliant tactical victories" that gave him control of all but the province’s capital city of Santa Clara.[79] Guevara then directed his "suicide squad" in the attack on Santa Clara, that became the final decisive military victory of the revolution.[80][81] In the six weeks leading up to the Battle of Santa Clara there were times when his men were completely surrounded, outgunned, and overrun. Che's eventual victory despite being outnumbered 10:1, remains in the view of some observers a "remarkable tour de force in modern warfare".[82]
Radio Rebelde broadcast the first reports that Guevara's column had taken Santa Clara on New Year's Eve 1958. This contradicted reports by the heavily controlled national news media, which had at one stage reported Guevara's death during the fighting. At 3 am on January 1, 1959, upon learning that his generals were negotiating a separate peace with Guevara, Fulgencio Batista boarded a plane in Havana and fled for the Dominican Republic, along with an amassed "fortune of more than $300,000,000 through graft and payoffs".[83] The following day on January 2, Guevara entered Havana to take final control of the capital.[84] Fidel Castro took 6 more days to arrive, as he stopped to rally support in several large cities on his way to rolling victoriously into Havana on January 8, 1959. In mid-January 1959, Guevara went to live at a summer villa in Tarara to recover from a violent asthma attack.[85] While there he started the Tarara Group, a group that debated and formed the new plans for Cuba's social, political, and economic development.[86] In addition, Che began to write his book Guerrilla Warfare while resting at Tarara.[86]
In February, the revolutionary government proclaimed Guevara "a Cuban citizen by birth" in recognition of his role in the triumph.[87] When Hilda Gadea arrived in Cuba in late January, Guevara told her that he was involved with another woman, and the two agreed on a divorce,[88] which was finalized on May 22.[89] On June 2, 1959, he married Aleida March, a Cuban-born member of the 26th of July movement with whom he had been living since late 1958. Guevara returned to the seaside village of Tarara in June for his honeymoon with Aleida.[90] Guevara had children from both his marriages, and one illegitimate child, as follows: With Hilda Gadea (married August 18, 1955; divorced May 22, 1959), Hilda Beatriz Guevara Gadea, born February 15, 1956 in Mexico City; died August 21, 1995 in Havana, Cuba; with Aleida March (married June 2, 1959), Aleida Guevara March, born November 24, 1960 in Havana, Cuba, Camilo Guevara March, born May 20, 1962 in Havana, Cuba, Celia Guevara March, born June 14, 1963 in Havana, Cuba, and Ernesto Guevara March, born February 24, 1965 in Havana, Cuba; and with Lilia Rosa López (extramarital), Omar Pérez, born March 19, 1964 in Havana, Cuba.[91]
La Cabaña, land reform, and literacy[link]
The first major political crisis arose over what to do with the captured Batista officials who had been responsible for the worst of the repression.[92] During the rebellion against Batista's dictatorship, the general command of the rebel army, led by Fidel Castro, introduced into the liberated territories the 19th century penal law commonly known as the Ley de la Sierra (Law of the Sierra).[93] This law included the death penalty for extremely serious crimes, whether perpetrated by the Batista regime or by supporters of the revolution. In 1959, the revolutionary government extended its application to the whole of the republic and to those it considered war criminals, captured and tried after the revolution. According to the Cuban Ministry of Justice, this latter extension was supported by the majority of the population, and followed the same procedure as those in the Nuremberg Trials held by the Allies after World War II.[94]
To implement a portion of this plan, Castro named Guevara commander of the La Cabaña Fortress prison, for a five-month tenure (January 2 through June 12, 1959).[95] Guevara was charged with purging the Batista army and consolidating victory by exacting "revolutionary justice" against those considered to be traitors, chivatos (informants) or war criminals.[96] Serving in the post as commander of La Cabaña, Guevara reviewed the appeals of those convicted during the revolutionary tribunal process.[13] On some occasions the penalty delivered by the tribunal was death by firing squad.[97] Raúl Gómez Treto, senior legal advisor to the Cuban Ministry of Justice, has argued that the death penalty was justified in order to prevent citizens themselves from taking justice into their own hands, as happened twenty years earlier in the anti-Machado rebellion.[98] Biographers note that in January 1959, the Cuban public was in a "lynching mood",[99] and point to a survey at the time showing 93% public approval for the tribunal process.[13] Moreover, a January 22, 1959, Universal Newsreel broadcast in the U.S. and narrated by Ed Herlihy, featured Fidel Castro asking an estimated one million Cubans whether they approved of the executions, and was met with a roaring "¡Si!" (yes).[100] With 20,000 Cubans estimated to have been killed at the hands of Batista's collaborators,[101] and many of the war criminals sentenced to death accused of torture and physical atrocities,[13] the newly empowered government carried out executions, punctuated by cries from the crowds of "¡paredón!" (to the wall),[92] which biographer Jorge Castañeda describes as "without respect for due process".[102]
"I have yet to find a single credible source pointing to a case where Che executed 'an innocent'. Those persons executed by Guevara or on his orders were condemned for the usual crimes punishable by death at times of war or in its aftermath: desertion, treason or crimes such as rape, torture or murder. I should add that my research spanned five years, and included anti-Castro Cubans among the Cuban-American exile community in Miami and elsewhere."
Although there are varying accounts, it is estimated that several hundred people were executed nationwide during this time, with Guevara's jurisdictional death total at La Cabaña ranging from 55 to 105 (see reference).[104] Conflicting views exist of Guevara's attitude towards the executions at La Cabaña. Some exiled opposition biographers report that he relished the rituals of the firing squad, and organized them with gusto, while others relate that Guevara pardoned as many prisoners as he could.[102] What is acknowledged by all sides is that Guevara had become a "hardened" man, who had no qualms about the death penalty or summary and collective trials. If the only way to "defend the revolution was to execute its enemies, he would not be swayed by humanitarian or political arguments."[102] This is further confirmed by a February 5, 1959, letter to Luis Paredes López in Buenos Aires where Guevara states unequivocally "The executions by firing squads are not only a necessity for the people of Cuba, but also an imposition of the people."[105]
Along with ensuring "revolutionary justice", the other key early platform of Guevara's was establishing agrarian land reform. Almost immediately after the success of the revolution on January 27, 1959, Guevara made one of his most significant speeches where he talked about "the social ideas of the rebel army". During this speech, he declared that the main concern of the new Cuban government was "the social justice that land redistribution brings about".[106] A few months later on May 17, 1959, the Agrarian Reform Law crafted by Guevara went into effect, limiting the size of all farms to 1,000 acres (4.0 km2). Any holdings over these limits were expropriated by the government and either redistributed to peasants in 67-acre (270,000 m2) parcels or held as state run communes.[107] The law also stipulated that sugar plantations could not be owned by foreigners.[108]
On June 12, 1959, Castro sent Guevara out on a three-month tour of 14 mostly Bandung Pact countries (Morocco, Sudan, Egypt, Syria, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, Thailand, Indonesia, Japan, Yugoslavia, Greece) and the cities of Singapore and Hong Kong.[109] Sending Guevara away from Havana allowed Castro to appear to be distancing himself from Guevara and his Marxist sympathies, which troubled both the United States and some of Castro's July 26 Movement members.[110] Guevara spent 12 days in Japan (July 15–27), participating in negotiations aimed at expanding Cuba's trade relations with that nation. During the visit, he refused to visit and lay a wreath at Japan's Tomb of the Unknown Soldier commemorating soldiers lost during World War II, remarking that the Japanese "imperialists" had "killed millions of Asians".[111] In its place, Guevara stated that he would instead visit Hiroshima, where the American military had detonated an atom-bomb 14 years earlier.[111] Despite his denunciation of Imperial Japan, Guevara also considered President Truman a "macabre clown" for the bombings,[112] and after visiting Hiroshima and its Peace Memorial Museum, he sent back a postcard to Cuba stating "In order to fight better for peace, one must look at Hiroshima."[113]
Upon Guevara's return to Cuba in September 1959, it was evident that Castro now had more political power. The government had begun land seizures included in the agrarian reform law, but was hedging on compensation offers to landowners, instead offering low interest "bonds", a step which put the U.S. on alert. At this point the affected wealthy cattlemen of Camagüey mounted a campaign against the land redistributions, and enlisted the newly disaffected rebel leader Huber Matos, who along with the anti-Communist wing of the 26th of July Movement, joined them in denouncing the "Communist encroachment".[114] During this time Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo was offering assistance to the "Anti-Communist Legion of the Caribbean" which was training in the Dominican Republic. This multi-national force, composed mostly of Spaniards and Cubans, but also of Croatians, Germans, Greeks, and right-wing mercenaries, was plotting to topple Castro's new regime.[114]
Such threats were heightened when, on March 4, 1960, two massive explosions ripped through the French freighter La Coubre, which was carrying Belgian munitions from the port of Antwerp, and was docked in Havana Harbor. The blasts killed at least 76 people and injured several hundred, with Guevara personally providing first aid to some of the victims. Cuban leader Fidel Castro immediately accused the CIA of "an act of terrorism" and held a state funeral the following day for the victims of the blast.[115] It was at the memorial service that Alberto Korda took the famous photograph of Guevara, now known as Guerrillero Heroico.[116]
These perceived threats prompted Castro to further eliminate "counter-revolutionaries", and to utilize Guevara to drastically increase the speed of land reform. To implement this plan, a new government agency, the National Institute of Agrarian Reform (INRA), was established to administer the new Agrarian Reform law. INRA quickly became the most important governing body in the nation, with Guevara serving as its head in his capacity as minister of industries.[108] Under Guevara's command, INRA established its own 100,000 person militia, used first to help the government seize control of the expropriated land and supervise its distribution, and later to set up cooperative farms. The land confiscated included 480,000 acres (1,900 km2) owned by U.S. corporations.[108] Months later, as retaliation, U.S President Dwight D. Eisenhower sharply reduced U.S. imports of Cuban sugar (Cuba’s main cash crop), thus leading Guevara on July 10, 1960, to address over 100,000 workers in front of the Presidential Palace at a rally called to denounce U.S. "economic aggression".[117]
Along with land reform, one of the primary areas that Guevara stressed needed national improvement was in the area of literacy. Before 1959 the official literacy rate for Cuba was between 60–76%, with educational access in rural areas and a lack of instructors the main determining factors.[118] As a result, the Cuban government at Guevara's behest dubbed 1961 the "year of education", and mobilized over 100,000 volunteers into "literacy brigades", who were then sent out into the countryside to construct schools, train new educators, and teach the predominately illiterate guajiros (peasants) to read and write.[65][118] Unlike many of Guevara's later economic initiatives, this campaign was "a remarkable success".[118] By the completion of the Cuban Literacy Campaign, 707,212 adults had been taught to read and write, raising the national literacy rate to 96%.[118]
"Guevara was like a father to me ... he educated me. He taught me to think. He taught me the most beautiful thing which is to be human."
— Urbano (aka Leonardo Tamayo),
fought with Guevara in Cuba and Bolivia [119]
fought with Guevara in Cuba and Bolivia [119]
Accompanying literacy, Guevara was also concerned with establishing universal access to higher education. To accomplish this, the new regime introduced affirmative action to the universities.[120] While announcing this new commitment, Guevara told the gathered faculty and students at the University of Las Villas that the days when education was "a privilege of the white middle class" had ended. "The University" he said, "must paint itself black, mulatto, worker, and peasant." If it did not, he warned, the people would break down its doors "and paint the University the colors they like."[120]
The "New Man", Bay of Pigs and missile crisis[link]
Main articles: Bay of Pigs Invasion and Cuban Missile Crisis
"Man truly achieves his full human condition when he produces without being compelled by the physical necessity of selling himself as a commodity."— Che Guevara, Man and Socialism in Cuba [121]
At this stage, Guevara acquired the additional position of Finance Minister, as well as President of the National Bank. These appointments, combined with his existing position as Minister of Industries, placed Guevara at the zenith of his power, as the "virtual czar" of the Cuban economy.[117] As a consequence of his position at the head of the central bank, it was now Guevara's duty to sign the Cuban currency, which per custom would bear his signature. Instead of using his full name, he signed the bills solely "Che".[122] It was through this symbolic act, which horrified many in the Cuban financial sector, that Guevara signaled his distaste for money and the class distinctions it brought about.[122] Guevara's long time friend Ricardo Rojo later remarked that "the day he signed Che on the bills, (he) literally knocked the props from under the widespread belief that money was sacred."[123]
Guevara's first desired economic goal, which coincided with his aversion for wealth condensation and economic inequality, was to see a nation-wide elimination of material incentives in favor of moral ones. He viewed capitalism as a "contest among wolves" where "one can only win at the cost of others" and thus desired to see the creation of a "new man and woman".[125] Guevara continually stressed that a socialist economy in itself is not "worth the effort, sacrifice, and risks of war and destruction" if it ends up encouraging "greed and individual ambition at the expense of collective spirit".[126] A primary goal of Guevara's thus became to reform "individual consciousness" and values to produce better workers and citizens.[126] In his view, Cuba's "new man" would be able to overcome the "egotism" and "selfishness" that he loathed and discerned was uniquely characteristic of individuals in capitalist societies.[126] In describing this new method of "development", Guevara stated:
"There is a great difference between free-enterprise development and revolutionary development. In one of them, wealth is concentrated in the hands of a fortunate few, the friends of the government, the best wheeler-dealers. In the other, wealth is the people’s patrimony."[127]
A further integral part of fostering a sense of "unity between the individual and the mass", Guevara believed, was volunteer work and will. To display this, Guevara "led by example", working "endlessly at his ministry job, in construction, and even cutting sugar cane" on his day off.[128] He was known for working 36 hours at a stretch, calling meetings after midnight, and eating on the run.[126] Such behavior was emblematic of Guevara's new program of moral incentives, where each worker was now required to meet a quota and produce a certain quantity of goods. As a replacement for the pay increases abolished by Guevara, workers who exceeded their quota now only received a certificate of commendation, while workers who failed to meet their quotas were given a pay cut.[126] Guevara unapologetically defended his personal philosophy towards motivation and work, stating:
"This is not a matter of how many pounds of meat one might be able to eat, or how many times a year someone can go to the beach, or how many ornaments from abroad one might be able to buy with his current salary. What really matters is that the individual feels more complete, with much more internal richness and much more responsibility."[129]
In the face of a loss of commercial connections with Western states, Guevara tried to replace them with closer commercial relationships with Eastern Bloc states, visiting a number of Marxist states and signing trade agreements with them. At the end of 1960 he visited Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, North Korea, Hungary and East Germany and signed, for instance, a trade agreement in East Berlin on December 17, 1960.[130] Such agreements helped Cuba's economy to a certain degree but also had the disadvantage of a growing economic dependency on the Eastern Bloc. It was also in East Germany where Guevara met Tamara Bunke (later known as "Tania"), who was assigned as his interpreter, and who would years later join him and be killed with him in Bolivia.
Whatever the merits or demerits of Guevara’s economic principles, his programs were unsuccessful.[131] Guevara's program of "moral incentives" for workers caused a rapid drop in productivity and a rapid rise in absenteeism.[132] In reference to the collective failings of Guevara's vision, reporter I.F. Stone who interviewed Guevara twice during this time, remarked that he was "Galahad not Robespierre", while opining that "in a sense he was, like some early saint, taking refuge in the desert. Only there could the purity of the faith be safeguarded from the unregenerate revisionism of human nature."[133]
On April 17, 1961, 1,400 U.S.-trained Cuban exiles invaded Cuba during the Bay of Pigs Invasion. Guevara did not play a key role in the fighting, as one day before the invasion a warship carrying Marines faked an invasion off the West Coast of Pinar del Río and drew forces commanded by Guevara to that region. However, historians give him a share of credit for the victory as he was director of instruction for Cuba’s armed forces at the time.[14] Author Tad Szulc in his explanation of the Cuban victory, assigns Guevara partial credit, stating: "The revolutionaries won because Che Guevara, as the head of the Instruction Department of the Revolutionary Armed Forces in charge of the militia training program, had done so well in preparing 200,000 men and women for war."[14] It was also during this deployment that he suffered a bullet grazing to the cheek when his pistol fell out of its holster and accidentally discharged.[134]
According to Dick goodwin "[Che] went on to say that he wanted to thank us [the United States] very much for the invasion –that it had been a great political victory for them– enabled them to consolidate — and transformed them from an aggrieved little country to an equal."[135]
In August 1961, during an economic conference of the Organization of American States in Punta del Este, Uruguay, Che Guevara sent a note of "gratitude" to U.S. President John F. Kennedy through Richard N. Goodwin, a young secretary of the White House. It read "Thanks for Playa Girón (Bay of Pigs). Before the invasion, the revolution was shaky. Now it's stronger than ever."[136] In response to U.S. Treasury Secretary Douglas Dillon presenting the Alliance for Progress for ratification by the meeting, Guevara antagonistically attacked the United States claim of being a "democracy", stating that such a system was not compatible with "financial oligarchy, discrimination against blacks, and outrages by the Ku Klux Klan".[137] Guevara continued, speaking out against the "persecution" that in his view "drove scientists like Oppenheimer from their posts, deprived the world for years of the marvelous voice of Paul Robeson, and sent the Rosenbergs to their deaths against the protests of a shocked world."[137] Guevara ended his remarks by insinuating that the United States was not interested in real reforms, sardonically quipping that "U.S. experts never talk about agrarian reform; they prefer a safe subject, like a better water supply. In short they seem to prepare the revolution of the toilets."[31]
Guevara, who was practically the architect of the Soviet-Cuban relationship,[138] then played a key role in bringing to Cuba the Soviet nuclear-armed ballistic missiles that precipitated the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962 and brought the world to the brink of nuclear war.[139] A few weeks after the crisis, during an interview with the British communist newspaper the Daily Worker, Guevara was still fuming over the perceived Soviet betrayal and told correspondent Sam Russell that, if the missiles had been under Cuban control, they would have fired them off.[140] While expounding on the incident later, Guevara reiterated that the cause of socialist liberation against global "imperialist aggression" would ultimately have been worth the possibility of "millions of atomic war victims".[141] The missile crisis further convinced Guevara that the world's two superpowers (the United States and the Soviet Union) used Cuba as a pawn in their own global strategies. Afterward he denounced the Soviets almost as frequently as he denounced the Americans.[142]
International diplomacy[link]
By December 1964, Che Guevara had emerged as a "revolutionary statesman of world stature" and thus traveled to New York City as head of the Cuban delegation to speak at the United Nations.[123] During his impassioned address, he criticized the United Nations' inability to confront the "brutal policy of apartheid" in South Africa, asking "Can the United Nations do nothing to stop this?"[143] Guevara then denounced the United States policy towards their black population, stating:
"Those who kill their own children and discriminate daily against them because of the color of their skin; those who let the murderers of blacks remain free, protecting them, and furthermore punishing the black population because they demand their legitimate rights as free men—how can those who do this consider themselves guardians of freedom?"[143]
An indignant Guevara ended his speech by reciting the Second Declaration of Havana, decreeing Latin America a "family of 200 million brothers who suffer the same miseries".[143] This "epic", Guevara declared, would be written by the "hungry Indian masses, peasants without land, exploited workers, and progressive masses". To Guevara the conflict was a struggle of masses and ideas, which would be carried forth by those "mistreated and scorned by imperialism" who were previously considered "a weak and submissive flock". With this "flock", Guevara now asserted, "Yankee monopoly capitalism" now terrifyingly saw their "gravediggers".[143] It would be during this "hour of vindication", Guevara pronounced, that the "anonymous mass" would begin to write its own history "with its own blood" and reclaim those "rights that were laughed at by one and all for 500 years". Guevara ended his remarks to the General Assembly by hypothesizing that this "wave of anger” would "sweep the lands of Latin America" and that the labor masses who "turn the wheel of history" were now, for the first time, "awakening from the long, brutalizing sleep to which they had been subjected".[143]
Guevara later learned that there were two failed attempts on his life by Cuban exiles during his stop at the U.N. complex.[144] The first from Molly Gonzales who tried to break through barricades upon his arrival with a seven-inch hunting knife, and later during his address by Guillermo Novo with a timer-initiated bazooka that was fired off target from a boat in the East River at the United Nations Headquarters.[144] Afterwards Guevara commented on both incidents, stating that "it is better to be killed by a woman with a knife than by a man with a gun", while adding with a languid wave of his cigar that the explosion had "given the whole thing more flavor".[144]
While in New York Guevara also appeared on the CBS Sunday news program Face the Nation and met with a range of people, from U.S. Senator Eugene McCarthy[145] to associates of Malcolm X. The latter expressed his admiration, declaring Guevara "one of the most revolutionary men in this country right now" while reading a statement from him to a crowd at the Audubon Ballroom.[146]
On December 17 Guevara left for Paris, France, and from there embarked on a three-month world tour that included vists to the People's Republic of China, North Korea, the United Arab Republic, Egypt, Algeria, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Dahomey, Congo-Brazzaville and Tanzania, with stops in Ireland and Prague. While in Ireland Guevara embraced his own Irish heritage, celebrating Saint Patrick's Day in Limerick City.[147] He wrote to his father on this visit, humorously stating "I am in this green Ireland of your ancestors. When they found out, the television [station] came to ask me about the Lynch genealogy, but in case they were horse thieves or something like that, I didn't say much."[148]
During this voyage he wrote a letter to Carlos Quijano, editor of a Uruguayan weekly, which was later retitled Socialism and Man in Cuba.[125] Outlined in the treatise was Guevara's summons for the creation of a new consciousness, a new status of work, and a new role of the individual. He also laid out the reasoning behind his anti-capitalist sentiments, stating:
"The laws of capitalism, blind and invisible to the majority, act upon the individual without his thinking about it. He sees only the vastness of a seemingly infinite horizon before him. That is how it is painted by capitalist propagandists, who purport to draw a lesson from the example of Rockefeller—whether or not it is true—about the possibilities of success. The amount of poverty and suffering required for the emergence of a Rockefeller, and the amount of depravity that the accumulation of a fortune of such magnitude entails, are left out of the picture, and it is not always possible to make the people in general see this."[125]
Guevara ended the essay by declaring that "the true revolutionary is guided by a great feeling of love" and beckoning on all revolutionaries to "strive every day so that this love of living humanity will be transformed into acts that serve as examples", thus becoming "a moving force".[125] The genesis for Guevara's assertions relied on the fact that he believed the example of the Cuban Revolution was "something spiritual that would transcend all borders".[31]
Algiers, the Soviets and China[link]
In Algiers, Algeria on February 24, 1965, Guevara made what turned out to be his last public appearance on the international stage when he delivered a speech at an economic seminar on Afro-Asian solidarity.[149] He specified the moral duty of the socialist countries, accusing them of tacit complicity with the exploiting Western countries. He proceeded to outline a number of measures which he said the communist-bloc countries must implement in order to accomplish the defeat of imperialism.[150] Having criticized the Soviet Union (the primary financial backer of Cuba) in such a public manner, he returned to Cuba on March 14 to a solemn reception by Fidel and Raúl Castro, Osvaldo Dorticós and Carlos Rafael Rodríguez at the Havana airport.
As revealed in his last public speech in Algiers, Guevara had come to view the Northern Hemisphere, led by the U.S. in the West and the Soviet Union in the East, as the exploiter of the Southern Hemisphere. He strongly supported Communist North Vietnam in the Vietnam War, and urged the peoples of other developing countries to take up arms and create "many Vietnams".[151]
Moreover, the coincidence of Guevara's views with those expounded by the Chinese Communist leadership under Mao Zedong was increasingly problematic for Cuba as the nation's economy became more and more dependent on the Soviet Union. Since the early days of the Cuban revolution, Guevara had been considered by many an advocate of Maoist strategy in Latin America and the originator of a plan for the rapid industrialization of Cuba that was frequently compared to China's "Great Leap Forward". Castro became weary of Guevara's opposition to Soviet conditions and recommendations: measures that Castro saw as necessary, but which Guevara described as corrupt and "pre-monopolist".[152]
"Marx characterized the psychological or philosophical manifestation of capitalist social relations as alienation and antagonism; the result of the commodification of labor and the operation of the law of value. For Guevara, the challenge was to replace the individuals' alienation from the productive process, and the antagonism generated by class relations, with integration and solidarity, developing a collective attitude to production and the concept of work as a social duty."
— Helen Yaffe, author of Che Guevara: The Economics of Revolution [153]
In Guevara's private writings from this time (since released), he displays his growing criticism of the Soviet political economy, believing that the Soviets had "forgotten Marx".[153] This led Guevara to denounce a range of Soviet practices including what he saw as their attempt to "air-brush the inherent violence of class struggle integral to the transition from capitalism to socialism", their "dangerous" policy of peaceful co-existence with the United States, their failure to push for a "change in consciousness" towards the idea of work, and their attempt to "liberalize" the socialist economy.[153] It was Guevara's desire to see the complete elimination of money, interest, commodity production, the market economy, and "mercantile relationships": all conditions that the Soviets argued would only disappear when world communism was achieved.[153] Disagreeing with this incrementalist approach, Guevara criticized the Soviet Manual of Political Economy, correctly predicting that since the Soviets were not willing to abolish the law of value (as Guevara desired), they would eventually return to capitalism.[153]
Two weeks after his Algiers speech, Guevara dropped out of public life and then vanished altogether. His whereabouts were a great mystery in Cuba, as he was generally regarded as second in power to Castro himself. His disappearance was variously attributed to the failure of the industrialization scheme he had advocated while minister of industry, to pressure exerted on Castro by Soviet officials disapproving of Guevara's pro-Chinese Communist stance on the Sino-Soviet split, and to serious differences between Guevara and the pragmatic Castro regarding Cuba's economic development and ideological line. Pressed by international speculation regarding Guevara's fate, Castro stated on June 16, 1965 that the people would be informed when Guevara himself wished to let them know. Still, rumors spread both inside and outside Cuba. On October 3, 1965, Castro publicly revealed an undated letter purportedly written to him by Guevara some months earlier; in it, Guevara reaffirmed his enduring solidarity with the Cuban Revolution but declared his intention to leave Cuba to fight for the revolutionary cause abroad. Additionally, he resigned from all his positions in the government and party, and renounced his honorary Cuban citizenship.[154]
Congo[link]
In early 1965 Guevara went to Africa to offer his knowledge and experience as a guerrilla to the ongoing conflict in the Congo. According to Algerian President Ahmed Ben Bella, Guevara thought that Africa was imperialism's weak link and therefore had enormous revolutionary potential.[155] Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser, who had fraternal relations with Che dating back to his 1959 visit, saw Guevara's plans to fight in the Congo as "unwise" and warned that he would become a "Tarzan" figure, doomed to failure.[156] Despite the warning, Guevara traveled to the Congo using the alias Ramón Benítez.[157] Guevara led the Cuban operation in support of the Marxist Simba movement, which had emerged from the ongoing Congo crisis. Guevara, his second-in-command Victor Dreke, and 12 other Cuban expeditionaries arrived in the Congo on April 24, 1965 and a contingent of approximately 100 Afro-Cubans joined them soon afterward.[158][159] They collaborated for a time with guerrilla leader Laurent-Désiré Kabila, who had previously helped supporters of the overthrown Patrice Lumumba lead an unsuccessful revolt months earlier. As an admirer of the late Lumumba, Guevara declared that his "murder should be a lesson for all of us".[160] Guevara, with limited knowledge of Swahili and the local languages, was assigned a teenage interpreter, Freddy Ilanga. Over the course of seven months Ilanga grew to "admire the hard-working Guevara", who "showed the same respect to black people as he did to whites".[161] However, Guevara soon became disillusioned with the discipline of Kabila's troops and later dismissed him, stating "nothing leads me to believe he is the man of the hour".[162]
As an additional obstacle, white South African mercenaries, led by Mike Hoare in concert with Cuban exiles and the CIA, worked with the Congo National Army to thwart Guevara in the mountains near the village of Fizi on Lake Tanganyika. They were able to monitor his communications and so pre-empted his attacks and interdicted his supply lines. Despite the fact that Guevara sought to conceal his presence in the Congo, the U.S. government was aware of his location and activities. The National Security Agency was intercepting all of his incoming and outgoing transmissions via equipment aboard the USNS Private Jose F. Valdez (T-AG-169), a floating listening post that continuously cruised the Indian Ocean off Dar es Salaam for that purpose.[163]
Guevara's aim was to export the revolution by instructing local anti-Mobutu Simba fighters in Marxist ideology and foco theory strategies of guerrilla warfare. In his Congo Diary, he cites the incompetence, intransigence and infighting of the local Congolese forces as key reasons for the revolt's failure.[164] Later that year on November 20, 1965, in ill health with dysentery, suffering from acute asthma and disheartened after seven months of frustration and inactivity, Guevara left the Congo with the Cuban survivors, six members of his 12-man column having died. At one point Guevara considered sending the wounded back to Cuba and fighting in Congo alone until his death, as a revolutionary example. After being urged by his comrades and pressed by two emissaries sent by Castro, at the last moment he reluctantly agreed to leave Africa. In speaking about his experience in the Congo months later, Guevara concluded that he left rather than fight to the death because: "The human element failed. There is no will to fight. The leaders are corrupt. In a word... there was nothing to do."[165] Guevara also declared that "we can't liberate by ourselves a country that does not want to fight."[166] A few weeks later, when writing the preface to the diary he kept during the Congo venture, he began: "This is the history of a failure."[167]
Guevara was reluctant to return to Cuba, because Castro had made public Guevara's "farewell letter"—a letter intended to only be revealed in the case of his death—wherein he severed all ties in order to devote himself to revolution throughout the world.[168] As a result, Guevara spent the next six months living clandestinely in Dar es Salaam and Prague.[169] During this time he compiled his memoirs of the Congo experience and wrote drafts of two more books, one on philosophy and the other on economics. He then visited several Western European countries to test his new false identity papers, created by Cuban Intelligence for his later travels to South America. As Guevara prepared for Bolivia, he secretly traveled back to Cuba to visit Castro, as well as to see his wife and to write a last letter to his five children to be read upon his death, which ended with him instructing them:
"Above all, always be capable of feeling deeply any injustice committed against anyone, anywhere in the world. This is the most beautiful quality in a revolutionary."[170]
Bolivia[link]
Main article: Ñancahuazú Guerrilla
In late 1966, Guevara's location was still not public knowledge, although representatives of Mozambique's independence movement, the FRELIMO, reported that they met with Guevara in late 1966 in Dar es Salaam regarding his offer to aid in their revolutionary project, an offer which they ultimately rejected.[171] In a speech at the 1967 International Workers' Day rally in Havana, the acting minister of the armed forces, Major Juan Almeida, announced that Guevara was "serving the revolution somewhere in Latin America".
Before he departed for Bolivia, Guevara altered his appearance by shaving off his beard and part of the top of his head as well as dyeing the rest of his hair grey so he would be unrecognizable as Che Guevara.[172] On November 3, 1966, Guevara secretly arrived in La Paz on a flight from Montevideo under the false name Adolfo Mena González, posing as a middle-aged Uruguayan businessman working for the Organization of American States.[173]
Guevara's first base camp was located in the montane dry forest in the remote Ñancahuazú region. Training at the camp in the Ñancahuazú valley proved to be hazardous, and little was accomplished in way of building a guerrilla army. The Argentine-born East German operative Haydée Tamara Bunke Bider, better known by her nom de guerre "Tania", had been installed as Che's primary agent in La Paz.[174][175]
Guevara's guerrilla force, numbering about 50[176] and operating as the ELN (Ejército de Liberación Nacional de Bolivia; "National Liberation Army of Bolivia"), was well equipped and scored a number of early successes against Bolivian army regulars in the difficult terrain of the mountainous Camiri region. As a result of Guevara’s units' winning several skirmishes against Bolivian troops in the spring and summer of 1967, the Bolivian government began to overestimate the true size of the guerrilla force.[177] But in September the Army managed to eliminate two guerrilla groups in a violent battle, reportedly killing one of the leaders.
Researchers hypothesize that Guevara's plan for fomenting revolution in Bolivia failed for an array of reasons:
- He had expected to deal only with the Bolivian military, who were poorly trained and equipped, and was unaware that the U.S. government had sent a team of the CIA's Special Activities Division commandos and other operatives into Bolivia to aid the anti-insurrection effort. The Bolivian Army would also be trained, advised, and supplied by U.S. Army Special Forces including a recently organized elite battalion of Rangers trained in jungle warfare that set up camp in La Esperanza, a small settlement close to the location of Guevara's guerrillas.[178]
- Guevara had expected assistance and cooperation from the local dissidents that he did not receive, nor did he receive support from Bolivia's Communist Party under the leadership of Mario Monje, which was oriented toward Moscow rather than Havana. In Guevara's own diary captured after his death, he wrote about the Communist Party of Bolivia, which he characterized as "distrustful, disloyal and stupid".[179]
- He had expected to remain in radio contact with Havana. The two shortwave transmitters provided to him by Cuba were faulty; thus the guerrillas were unable to communicate and be resupplied, leaving them isolated and stranded.
In addition, Guevara's known preference for confrontation rather than compromise, which had previously surfaced during his guerrilla warfare campaign in Cuba, contributed to his inability to develop successful working relationships with local leaders in Bolivia, just as it had in the Congo.[180] This tendency had existed in Cuba, but had been kept in check by the timely interventions and guidance of Fidel Castro.[181]
The end result was that Guevara was unable to attract inhabitants of the local area to join his militia during the eleven months he attempted recruitment. Near the end of the venture Guevara wrote in his diary that "the peasants do not give us any help, and they are turning into informers."[182]
Capture and execution[link]
"There was no person more feared by the company (CIA) than Che Guevara because he had the capacity and charisma necessary to direct the struggle against the political repression of the traditional hierarchies in power in the countries of Latin America."
— Philip Agee, CIA agent, later defected to Cuba [183]
Félix Rodríguez, a Cuban exile turned CIA Special Activities Division operative, advised Bolivian troops during the hunt for Guevara in Bolivia.[184] In addition the 2007 documentary My Enemy's Enemy, directed by Kevin Macdonald, alleges that Nazi war criminal Klaus Barbie, aka "The Butcher of Lyon", advised and possibly helped the CIA orchestrate Guevara's eventual capture.[185]
On October 7, 1967, an informant apprised the Bolivian Special Forces of the location of Guevara's guerrilla encampment in the Yuro ravine.[186] On October 8, they encircled the area with 1,800 soldiers, and Guevara was wounded and taken prisoner while leading a detachment with Simeón Cuba Sarabia. Che biographer Jon Lee Anderson reports Bolivian Sergeant Bernardino Huanca's account: that a twice-wounded Guevara, his gun rendered useless, shouted, "Do not shoot! I am Che Guevara and worth more to you alive than dead."[187]
Guevara was tied up and taken to a dilapidated mud schoolhouse in the nearby village of La Higuera on the night of October 8. For the next half day, Guevara refused to be interrogated by Bolivian officers and would only speak quietly to Bolivian soldiers. One of those Bolivian soldiers, helicopter pilot Jaime Nino de Guzman, describes Che as looking "dreadful". According to Guzman, Guevara was shot through the right calf, his hair was matted with dirt, his clothes were shredded, and his feet were covered in rough leather sheaths. Despite his haggard appearance, he recounts that "Che held his head high, looked everyone straight in the eyes and asked only for something to smoke." De Guzman states that he "took pity" and gave him a small bag of tobacco for his pipe, and that Guevara then smiled and thanked him.[188] Later on the night of October 8, Guevara, despite having his hands tied, kicked Bolivian Officer Espinosa into the wall after the officer entered the schoolhouse and tried to snatch Guevara's pipe from his mouth as a souvenir while he was still smoking it.[189] In another instance of defiance, Guevara spat in the face of Bolivian Rear Admiral Ugarteche shortly before his execution.[189]
The following morning on October 9, Guevara asked to see the maestra (school teacher) of the village, 22-year-old Julia Cortez. Cortez would later state that she found Guevara to be an "agreeable looking man with a soft and ironic glance" and that during their conversation she found herself "unable to look him in the eye" because his "gaze was unbearable, piercing, and so tranquil".[189] During their short conversation, Guevara pointed out to Cortez the poor condition of the schoolhouse, stating that it was "anti-pedagogical" to expect campesino students to be educated there, while "government officials drive Mercedes cars", and declaring "that's what we are fighting against."[189]
Later that morning on October 9, Bolivian President René Barrientos ordered that Guevara be killed. The order was relayed by Félix Rodríguez despite the U.S. government’s desire that Guevara be taken to Panama for further interrogation.[190] The executioner was Mario Terán, a half-drunken sergeant in the Bolivian army who had requested to shoot Che on the basis of the fact that three of his friends from B Company, all named "Mario", had been killed in an earlier firefight with Guevara's band of guerrillas.[13] To make the bullet wounds appear consistent with the story the government planned to release to the public, Félix Rodríguez ordered Terán to aim carefully to make it appear that Guevara had been killed in action during a clash with the Bolivian army.[191] Gary Prado, the Bolivian captain in command of the army company that captured Guevara, said that the reasons Barrientos ordered the immediate execution of Guevara is so there would be no possibility that Guevara would escape from prison, and also so there would be no drama in regard to a trial.[192]
A few minutes before Guevara was executed, he was asked by a Bolivian soldier if he was thinking about his own immortality. "No," he replied, "I'm thinking about the immortality of the revolution."[193] When Sergeant Terán entered the hut, Che Guevara then told his executioner, "I know you've come to kill me. Shoot, coward! You are only going to kill a man!"[194] Terán hesitated, then opened fire with his semiautomatic rifle, hitting Guevara in the arms and legs. Guevara writhed on the ground, apparently biting one of his wrists to avoid crying out. Terán then fired several times again, wounding him fatally in the chest at 1:10 pm according to Rodríguez.[194] In all, Guevara was shot nine times. This included five times in the legs, once in the right shoulder and arm, once in the chest, and finally in the throat.[189]
Months earlier, during his last public declaration to the Tricontinental Conference,[151] Guevara wrote his own epitaph, stating "Wherever death may surprise us, let it be welcome, provided that this our battle cry may have reached some receptive ear and another hand may be extended to wield our weapons."[195]
Post-execution, remains and memorial[link]
File:FreddyAlbertoChe.jpg
The day after his execution on October 10, 1967, Guevara's corpse was displayed to the world press in the laundry house of the Vallegrande hospital. (photo by Freddy Alborta)
Face Side angle Shoes
Face Side angle ShoesMain article: Che Guevara Mausoleum
After his execution, Guevara's body was lashed to the landing skids of a helicopter and flown to nearby Vallegrande, where photographs were taken of him lying on a concrete slab in the laundry room of the Nuestra Señora de Malta.[196] Several witnesses were called to confirm that it was Guevara, key amongst them British journalist Richard Gott, the only witness to have met Guevara when he was alive.
Put on public show as hundreds of local residents filed past the body, Guevara's corpse was considered by many to represent a "Christ-like" visage, with some even surreptitiously clipping locks of his hair as divine relics.[197] Such comparisons were further extended when English art critic John Berger, two weeks later upon seeing the post-mortem photographs, observed that they resembled two famous paintings: Rembrandt's The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp and Andrea Mantegna's Lamentation over the Dead Christ.[198] There were also four correspondents present when Guevara's body arrived in Vallegrande, including Bjorn Kumm of the Swedish Aftonbladet, who described the scene in an November 11, 1967 exclusive for The New Republic.[199]
A declassified memorandum dated October 11, 1967 to United States President Lyndon B. Johnson from his National Security Advisor Walt Whitman Rostow, called the decision to kill Guevara "stupid" but "understandable from a Bolivian standpoint".[200] After the execution Rodríguez took several of Guevara's personal items—including a Rolex GMT Master wristwatch[201] that he continued to wear many years later—often showing them to reporters during the ensuing years.Today some of these belongings, including his flashlight, are on display at the CIA.[202] After a military doctor amputated his hands, Bolivian army officers transferred Guevara's body to an undisclosed location and refused to reveal whether his remains had been buried or cremated. The hands were preserved in formaldehyde to be sent to Buenos Aires for fingerprint identification. (His fingerprints were on file with the Argentine police.) They were later sent to Cuba.
On October 15 Fidel Castro publicly acknowledged that Guevara was dead and proclaimed three days of public mourning throughout Cuba.[203] On October 18 Castro addressed a crowd of one million mourners in Havana's Plaza de la Revolución and spoke about Guevara's character as a revolutionary.[204] Fidel Castro closed his impassioned eulogy thusly:
"If we wish to express what we want the men of future generations to be, we must say: Let them be like Che! If we wish to say how we want our children to be educated, we must say without hesitation: We want them to be educated in Che’s spirit! If we want the model of a man, who does not belong to our times but to the future, I say from the depths of my heart that such a model, without a single stain on his conduct, without a single stain on his action, is Che!"[205]
French intellectual Régis Debray, who was captured in April 1967 while with Guevara in Bolivia, gave an interview from prison in August 1968, in which he enlarged on the circumstances of Guevara's capture. Debray, who had lived with Guevara's band of guerrillas for a short time, said that in his view they were "victims of the forest" and thus "eaten by the jungle".[206] Debray described a destitute situation where Guevara's men suffered malnutrition, lack of water, absence of shoes, and only possessed six blankets for 22 men. Debray recounts that Guevara and the others had been suffering an "illness" which caused their hands and feet to swell into "mounds of flesh" to the point where you could not discern the fingers on their hands.[206] Debray described Guevara as "optimistic about the future of Latin America" despite the futile situation, and remarked that Guevara was "resigned to die in the knowledge that his death would be a sort of renaissance", noting that Guevara perceived death "as a promise of rebirth" and "ritual of renewal".[206]
In late 1995 retired Bolivian General Mario Vargas revealed to Jon Lee Anderson, author of Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life, that Guevara's body was located near a Vallegrande airstrip. The result was a multi-national search for the remains, which would last more than a year. In July 1997 a team of Cuban geologists and Argentine forensic anthropologists discovered the remnants of seven bodies in two mass graves, including one man with amputated hands (like Guevara). Bolivian government officials with the Ministry of Interior later identified the body as Guevara when the excavated teeth "perfectly matched" a plaster mold of Che's teeth made in Cuba prior to his Congolese expedition. The "clincher" then arrived when Argentine forensic anthropologist Alejandro Inchaurregui inspected the inside hidden pocket of a blue jacket dug up next to the handless cadaver and found a small bag of pipe tobacco. Nino de Guzman, the Bolivian helicopter pilot who had given Che a small bag of tobacco, later remarked that he "had serious doubts" at first and "thought the Cubans would just find any old bones and call it Che"; but "after hearing about the tobacco pouch, I have no doubts."[188] On October 17, 1997, Guevara's remains, with those of six of his fellow combatants, were laid to rest with military honors in a specially built mausoleum in the Cuban city of Santa Clara, where he had commanded over the decisive military victory of the Cuban Revolution.[207]
Removed when Guevara was captured were his 30,000-word, hand-written diary, a collection of his personal poetry, and a short story he had authored about a young Communist guerrilla who learns to overcome his fears.[208] His diary documented events of the guerrilla campaign in Bolivia[209], with the first entry on November 7, 1966, shortly after his arrival at the farm in Ñancahuazú, and the last dated October 7, 1967, the day before his capture. The diary tells how the guerrillas were forced to begin operations prematurely because of discovery by the Bolivian Army, explains Guevara's decision to divide the column into two units that were subsequently unable to re-establish contact, and describes their overall unsuccessful venture. It also records the rift between Guevara and the Communist Party of Bolivia that resulted in Guevara having significantly fewer soldiers than originally expected, and shows that Guevara had a great deal of difficulty recruiting from the local populace, partly because of the fact that the guerrilla group had learned Quechua, unaware that the local language was actually a Tupí–Guaraní language.[210] As the campaign drew to an unexpected close, Guevara became increasingly ill. He suffered from ever-worsening bouts of asthma, and most of his last offensives were carried out in an attempt to obtain medicine.[211]
The Bolivian Diary was quickly and crudely translated by Ramparts magazine and circulated around the world.[212] There are at least four additional diaries in existence—those of Israel Reyes Zayas (Alias "Braulio"), Harry Villegas Tamayo ("Pombo"), Eliseo Reyes Rodriguez ("Rolando")[174] and Dariel Alarcón Ramírez ("Benigno")[213]—each of which reveals additional aspects of the events. In July 2008 the Bolivian government of Evo Morales unveiled Guevara's formerly sealed diaries composed in two frayed notebooks, along with a logbook and several black-and-white photographs. At this event Bolivia's vice-minister of culture, Pablo Groux, expressed that there were plans to publish photographs of every handwritten page later in the year.[214] Meanwhile, in August 2009 anthropologists working for Bolivia's Justice Ministry discovered and unearthed five of Guevara's fellow guerrillas near the Bolivian town of Teoponte.[215]
Legacy[link]
Main articles: Legacy of Che Guevara and Che Guevara in popular culture
"The discovery of Che’s remains metonymically activated a series of interlinked associations – rebel, martyr, rogue figure from a picaresque adventure, savior, renegade, extremist – in which there was no fixed divide among them. The current court of opinion places Che on a continuum that teeters between viewing him as a misguided rebel, a coruscatingly brilliant guerrilla philosopher, a poet-warrior jousting at windmills, a brazen warrior who threw down the gauntlet to the bourgeoisie, the object of fervent paeans to his sainthood, or a mass murderer clothed in the guise of an avenging angel whose every action is imbricated in violence – the archetypal Fanatical Terrorist."
— Dr. Peter McLaren, author of Che Guevara, Paulo Freire, and the Pedagogy of Revolution [216]
Over forty years after his execution, Che's life and legacy still remain a contentious issue. The contradictions of his ethos at various points in his life have created a complex character of unending duality.
An array of notable individuals have lauded Guevara as a hero;[217] for example, Nelson Mandela referred to him as "an inspiration for every human being who loves freedom"[183], while Jean-Paul Sartre described him as "not only an intellectual but also the most complete human being of our age".[218] Others who have expressed their admiration include authors Graham Greene, who remarked that Che "represented the idea of gallantry, chivalry, and adventure",[219] and Susan Sontag, who expounded that "[Che's] goal was nothing less than the cause of humanity itself."[220] In the black community, philosopher Frantz Fanon professed Guevara to be "the world symbol of the possibilities of one man",[221] while Black Panther Party head Stokely Carmichael eulogized that "Che Guevara is not dead, his ideas are with us."[222] Praise has been reflected throughout the political spectrum, with the libertarian theorist Murray Rothbard extolling Guevara as a "heroic figure", lamenting after his death that "more than any man of our epoch or even of our century, [Che] was the living embodiment of the principle of revolution",[223] while journalist Christopher Hitchens commented that "[Che's] death meant a lot to me and countless like me at the time, he was a role model, albeit an impossible one for us bourgeois romantics insofar as he went and did what revolutionaries were meant to do—fought and died for his beliefs."[224] Guevara remains a beloved national hero to many in Cuba, where his image adorns the $3 Cuban peso and school children begin each morning by pledging "We will be like Che."[225] In his homeland of Argentina, where high schools bear his name,[226] numerous Che museums dot the country, which in 2008 unveiled a 12-foot (3.7 m) bronze statue of him in the city of his birth, Rosario.[227] Additionally, Guevara has been sanctified by some Bolivian campesinos[228] as "Saint Ernesto", to whom they pray for assistance.[229]
Conversely, Jacobo Machover, an exiled opposition author, dismisses the hero-worshipping and portrays him as a ruthless executioner.[230] Detractors have theorized that Che-inspired revolutions in much of Latin America had the practical result of reinforcing brutal militarism and internecine conflict for many years.[231] In an assessment of Guevara, British historian Hugh Thomas opines that Che was a "brave, sincere and determined man who was also obstinate, narrow, and dogmatic."[232] At the end of his life, according to Thomas, "he seems to have become convinced of the virtues of violence for its own sake", while "his influence over Castro for good or evil" grew after his death, as Fidel took up many of his views. In Thomas' assessment, "As in the case of Martí, or Lawrence of Arabia, failure has brightened, not dimmed the legend."[232] Alvaro Vargas Llosa of The Independent Institute has hypothesized that Guevara’s contemporary followers "delude themselves by clinging to a myth", while describing Guevara as "Marxist Puritan" who employed his rigid power to suppress dissent, while also operating as a "cold-blooded killing machine".[231] Llosa has also accused Guevara's "fanatical disposition" as being the linchpin of the "Sovietization" of the Cuban revolution, speculating that he possessed a "total subordination of reality to blind ideological orthodoxy".[231] Guevara remains a hated figure amongst many in the Cuban exile and Cuban-American community of the United States, who view him with animosity as "the butcher of La Cabaña".[233]
Despite his polarized status, a high-contrast monochrome graphic of his face, created in 1968 by Irish artist Jim Fitzpatrick, has become one of the world's most universally merchandized and objectified images,[234][235] found on an endless array of items, including T-shirts, hats, posters, tattoos, and bikinis,[236] ironically contributing to the consumer culture Guevara despised. Yet, he still remains a transcendent figure both in specifically political contexts[237] and as a wide-ranging popular icon of youthful rebellion.[238]
Timeline[link]
<timeline> ImageSize = width:600 height:700 PlotArea = left:40 right:10 top:10 bottom:10 DateFormat = yyyy TimeAxis = orientation:vertical order:reverse format:yyyy Period = from:1925 till:1970 AlignBars = early ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:10 start:1930 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5 start:1925
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- there is no automatic collision detection,
- so shift texts up or down manually to avoid overlap
Define $dx = 20 # shift text to right side of bar
PlotData =
bar:event width:20 color:blue shift:($dx,-4) from:start till:end color:blue mark:(line,white) at:1928 text:"1928 Ernesto Guevara de la Serna born in Rosario, Argentina" at:1930 text:"1930 Suffers first asthma attack" at:1933 text:"1933 Guevara family moves to Alta Gracia" at:1934 text:"1934 Home schooling begins" at:1937 text:"1937 Enrolls in primary school" at:1942 text:"1942 Begins high school at Colegio Nacional Dean Funes" at:1943 text:"1943 Guevara family moves to Córdoba" at:1946 text:"1946 Graduates from Colegio Nacional Dean Funes" at:1947 text:"1947 Guevara family moves to Buenos Aires; Ernesto begins medical school" at:1950 text:"1950 Travels on motorbike through northern Argentina" at:1951 text:"1951 Works for six months as male nurse aboard petrol tankers" at:1952 text:"1952 Travels through Latin America with Alberto Granado; volunteers at leprosarium in Peru"
at:1953 text:"1953 Graduates from medical school; visits Bolivia and other countries; arrives in Guatemala" at:1954 text:"1954 Árbenz government overthrown; Ernesto arrives in Mexico"
at:1955 text:"1955 Meets Fidel Castro, joins 26th of July Revolutionary Movement"
at:1956 text:"1956 Arrives in Cuba aboard the Granma" at:1957 text:"1957 Guerrilla fighter in the Sierra Maestra; promoted to Comandante" at:1958 text:"1958 Captures City of Santa Clara; Batista flees Cuba" at:1959 text:"1959 Appointed commander of La Cabaña fortress; named President of the National Bank of Cuba" at:1961 text:"1961 Appointed Minister of Industries" at:1964 text:"1964 Decides to leave Cuba; speaks at the UN; travels in Africa" at:1965 text:"1965 Gives his Farewell Letter to Fidel Castro; travels to the Congo to begin guerrilla operations" at:1966 text:"1966 Lives clandestinely in Dar Es Salaam, then Prague; returns briefly to Cuba; arrives in Bolivia" at:1967 text:"1967 Leads guerrilla operations; captured at Quebrada del Yuro and summarily executed in La Higuera"
TextData =
tabs:(25-left) pos:(100,710) fontsize:12 text:"Timeline"
</timeline>
Archival media[link]
Video footage[link]
- Guevara addressing the United Nations General Assembly on December 11, 1964, (6:21), public domain footage uploaded by the U.N., Video Clip
- Guevara interviewed in 1964 on a visit to Dublin, Ireland, (2:53), English translation, from RTÉ Libraries and Archives, Video Clip
- Guevara reciting a poem, (0:58), English subtitles, from El Che: Investigating a Legend – Kultur Video 2001, Video Clip
- Guevara showing support for Fidel Castro, (0:22), English subtitles, from El Che: Investigating a Legend – Kultur Video 2001, Video Clip
- Guevara speaking about labor, (0:28), English subtitles, from El Che: Investigating a Legend – Kultur Video 2001, Video Clip
- Guevara speaking about the Bay of Pigs, (0:17), English subtitles, from El Che: Investigating a Legend – Kultur Video 2001, Video Clip
- Guevara speaking against imperialism, (1:20), English subtitles, from El Che: Investigating a Legend – Kultur Video 2001, Video Clip
Audio recording[link]
- Guevara interviewed on ABC's Issues and Answers, (23:53), English translation, narrated by Lisa Howard, March 24, 1964, Audio clip
List of works[link]
Main article: Bibliography of Che Guevara
Originally written in Spanish by Ernesto "Che" Guevara, later translated into English
- A New Society: Reflections for Today's World, Ocean Press, 1996, ISBN 1-875284-06-0
- Back on the Road: A Journey Through Latin America, Grove Press, 2002, ISBN 0-8021-3942-6
- Che Guevara, Cuba, and the Road to Socialism, Pathfinder Press, 1991, ISBN 0-87348-643-9
- Che Guevara on Global Justice, Ocean Press (AU), 2002, ISBN 1-876175-45-1
- Che Guevara: Radical Writings on Guerrilla Warfare, Politics and Revolution, Filiquarian Publishing, 2006, ISBN 1-59986-999-3
- Che Guevara Reader: Writings on Politics & Revolution, Ocean Press, 2003, ISBN 1-876175-69-9
- Che Guevara Speaks: Selected Speeches and Writings, Pathfinder Press (NY), 1980, ISBN 0-87348-602-1
- Che Guevara Talks to Young People, Pathfinder, 2000, ISBN 0-87348-911-X
- Che: The Diaries of Ernesto Che Guevara, Ocean Press (AU), 2008, ISBN 1-920888-93-4
- Colonialism is Doomed, Ministry of External Relations: Republic of Cuba, 1964, ASIN B0010AAN1K
- Critical Notes on Political Economy: A Revolutionary Humanist Approach to Marxist Economics, Ocean Press, 2008, ISBN 1-876175-55-9
- Episodes of the Cuban Revolutionary War, 1956–58, Pathfinder Press (NY), 1996, ISBN 0-87348-824-5
- Guerrilla Warfare: Authorized Edition, Ocean Press, 2006, ISBN 1-920888-28-4
- Latin America: Awakening of a Continent, Ocean Press, 2005, ISBN 1-876175-73-7
- Marx & Engels: An Introduction, Ocean Press, 2007, ISBN 1-920888-92-6
- Our America And Theirs: Kennedy And The Alliance For Progress, Ocean Press, 2006, ISBN 1-876175-81-8
- Reminiscences of the Cuban Revolutionary War: Authorized Edition, Ocean Press, 2005, ISBN 1-920888-33-0
- Self Portrait Che Guevara, Ocean Press (AU), 2004, ISBN 1-876175-82-6
- Socialism and Man in Cuba, Pathfinder Press (NY), 1989, ISBN 0-87348-577-7
- The African Dream: The Diaries of the Revolutionary War in the Congo, Grove Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8021-3834-9
- The Argentine, Ocean Press (AU), 2008, ISBN 1-920888-93-4
- The Bolivian Diary of Ernesto Che Guevara, Pathfinder Press, 1994, ISBN 0-87348-766-4
- The Great Debate on Political Economy, Ocean Press, 2006, ISBN 1-876175-54-0
- The Motorcycle Diaries: A Journey Around South America, London: Verso, 1996, ISBN 1-85702-399-4
- The Secret Papers of a Revolutionary: The Diary of Che Guevara, American Reprint Co, 1975, ASIN B0007GW08W
- To Speak the Truth: Why Washington's "Cold War" Against Cuba Doesn't End, Pathfinder, 1993, ISBN 0-87348-633-1
See also[link]
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References[link]
- ^ a b c The date of birth recorded on his birth certificate was June 14, 1928, although one tertiary source, (Julia Constenla, quoted by Jon Lee Anderson), asserts that he was actually born on May 14 of that year. Constenla alleges that she was told by an unidentified astrologer that his mother, Celia de la Serna, was already pregnant when she and Ernesto Guevara Lynch were married and that the date on the birth certificate of their son was forged to make it appear that he was born a month later than the actual date to avoid scandal. (Anderson 1997, pp. 3, 769.)
- ^ Partido Unido de la Revolución Socialista de Cuba, aka PURSC.
- ^ The Spark That Does Not Die by Michael Löwy, International Viewpoint, July 1997
- ^ McLaren 2000, p. 78.
- ^ Embodiment and Agency, by Sue Campbell & Letitia Meynell, Penn State Press, 2009, ISBN 0-271-03522-6, p. 243
- ^ a b Unknown, Autor. "Guevara, Che". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. http://members.eb.com/bol/topic?eu=39170&sctn=1. Retrieved 30 September 2001.
- ^ The various sound clips on this site of international Spanish speakers: Forvo.com pronounce the G in the name "Guevara" as [ɡ] or [ɣ] depending on how carefully they enunciate. When the names are spoken together, it is [ɣ]; when enunciated separately, [ɡ].
- ^ Casey 2009, p. 128.
- ^ a b On Revolutionary Medicine Speech by Che Guevara to the Cuban Militia on August 19, 1960.
- ^ At the Afro-Asian Conference in Algeria A speech by Che Guevara to the Second Economic Seminar of Afro-Asian Solidarity in Algiers, Algeria on February 24, 1965.
- ^ Beaubien, NPR Audio Report, 2009, 00:09–00:13.
- ^ a b c d "Castro's Brain" 1960.
- ^ a b c d e Taibo 1999, p. 267.
- ^ a b c Kellner 1989, pp. 69–70.
- ^ Anderson 1997, pp. 526–530.
- ^ Ryan 1998, p. 4.
- ^ Dorfman 1999.
- ^ Maryland Institute of Art, referenced at BBC News May 26, 2001.
- ^ Che's last name "Guevara" derives from the Castilianized form of the Basque "Gebara", a habitational name from the province of Álava. Through his grandmother, Ana Lynch, he was a descendant of Patrick Lynch, an emigrant from Galway, Ireland in the 1740s.
- ^ Lavretsky 1976.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 23.
- ^ Argentina: Che's Red Mother Time Magazine, July 14, 1961.
- ^ Anderson 1997, pp. 22–23.
- ^ Sandison 1996, p. 8.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 24.
- ^ Argentine Rugby Inspired by Che Guevara by Brendan Gallagher, The Daily Telegraph, October 5, 2007
- ^ Cain, Nick & Growden, Greg "Chapter 21: Ten Peculiar Facts about Rugby" in Rugby Union for Dummies (2nd Edition), John Wiley and Sons, ISBN 978-0-470-03537-5, p. 293.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 28.
- ^ a b Hart 2004, p. 98.
- ^ Haney 2005, p. 164.
- ^ a b c d e (Anderson 1997, pp. 37–38).
- ^ Sandison 1996, p. 10.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 26.
- ^ Ratner 1997, p. 25.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 64.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 59-64.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 89.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 75-76.
- ^ a b Kellner 1989, p. 27.
- ^ NYT bestseller list: #38 Paperback Nonfiction on 2005-02-20, #9 Nonfiction on 2004-10-07 and on more occasions.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 98.
- ^ A copy of Guevara's University transcripts showing conferral of his medical diploma can be found on p. 75 of Becoming Che: Guevara's Second and Final Trip through Latin America, by Carlos 'Calica' Ferrer (Translated from the Spanish by Sarah L. Smith), Marea Editorial, 2006, ISBN 987-1307-07-1. Ferrer was a longtime childhood friend of Che, and when Guevara passed the last of his 12 exams in 1953, he gave him a copy to prove to Ferrer, who had been telling Guevara that he would never finish, that he had finally completed his studies.
- ^ A Very Modern Icon by George Galloway, New Statesman, June 12, 2006
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 126.
- ^ Taibo 1999, p. 31.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 31.
- ^ a b Guevara Lynch 2000, p. 26.
- ^ Ignacio 2007, p. 172.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 144.
- ^ a b Kellner 1989, p. 32.
- ^ Taibo 1999, p. 39.
- ^ Snow, Anita. "'My Life With Che' by Hilda Gadea". Associated Press at WJXX-TV. August 16, 2008. Retrieved on February 23, 2009.
- ^ Che Guevara 1960–67 by Frank E. Smitha.
- ^ Sinclair, Andrew (1970). Che Guevara. The Viking Press. p. 12.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 33.
- ^ a b Rebel Wife, A Review of My Life With Che: The Making of a Revolutionary by Hilda Gadea by Tom Gjelten, The Washington Post, October 12, 2008.
- ^ Taibo 1999, p. 55.
- ^ Fidel and Che: A Revolutionary Friendship by Simon Reid-Henry audio slideshow by The Guardian, January 9, 2009
- ^ Sandison 1996, p. 28.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 37.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 194.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 213.
- ^ Sandison 1996, p. 32.
- ^ DePalma 2006, pp. 110–111.
- ^ a b c Latin lessons: What can we Learn from the World’s most Ambitious Literacy Campaign? by The Independent, November 7, 2010
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 45.
- ^ Anderson 1997, pp. 269–270.
- ^ Castañeda 1998, pp. 105, 119.
- ^ Anderson 1997, pp. 237–238, 269–270, 277–278.
- ^ a b c Luther 2001, pp. 97–99.
- ^ a b c Anderson 1997, 237.
- ^ Sandison 1996, p. 35.
- ^ Ignacio 2007, p. 177.
- ^ Ignacio 2007, p. 193.
- ^ Poster Boy of The Revolution by Saul Landau, The Washington Post, October 19, 1997, p. X01.
- ^ Moore, Don. "Revolution! Clandestine Radio and the Rise of Fidel Castro". Patepluma Radio. http://www.pateplumaradio.com/central/cuba/rebel1.html.
- ^ Bockman 1984.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 40.
- ^ a b Kellner 1989, p. 47.
- ^ Castro 1972, pp. 439–442.
- ^ Dorschner 1980, pp. 41–47, 81–87.
- ^ Sandison 1996, p. 39.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 48.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 13.
- ^ Castañeda, pp. 145–146.
- ^ a b Castañeda, p. 146.
- ^ Anderson 1997, 397.
- ^ Anderson 1997, pp. 400–401.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 424.
- ^ Castañeda, p. 159.
- ^ (Castañeda 1998, pp. 264–265).
- ^ a b Skidmore 2008, pp. 273.
- ^ Gómez Treto 1991, p. 115. "The Penal Law of the War of Independence (July 28, 1896) was reinforced by Rule 1 of the Penal Regulations of the Rebel Army, approved in the Sierra Maestra February 21, 1958, and published in the army's official bulletin (Ley penal de Cuba en armas, 1959)" (Gómez Treto 1991, p. 123).
- ^ Gómez Treto 1991, pp. 115–116.
- ^ Anderson 1997, pp. 372, 425.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 376.
- ^ Niess 2007, p. 60.
- ^ Gómez Treto 1991, p. 116.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 388.
- ^ Rally For Castro: One Million Roar "Si" To Cuba Executions – Video Clip by Universal-International News, narrated by Ed Herlihy, from January 22, 1959
- ^ Niess 2007, p. 61.
- ^ a b c Castañeda 1998, pp. 143–144.
- ^ The Legacy of Che Guevara – a PBS online forum with author Jon Lee Anderson, November 20, 1997
- ^ Different sources cite differing numbers of executions attributable to Guevara, with some of the discrepancy resulting from the question of which deaths to attribute directly to Guevara and which to the regime as a whole. Anderson (1997) gives the number specifically at La Cabaña prison as 55 (p. 387.), while also stating that "several hundred people were officially tried and executed across Cuba" as a whole (p. 387). (Castañeda 1998) notes that historians differ on the total number killed, with different studies placing it as anywhere from 200 to 700 nationwide (p. 143), although he notes that "after a certain date most of the executions occurred outside of Che's jurisdiction" (p. 143). These numbers are supported by the opposition-based Free Society Project / Cuba Archive, which gives the figure as 144 executions ordered by Guevara across Cuba in three years (1957–1959) and 105 "victims" specifically at La Cabaña, which according to them were all "carried out without due process of law". Of further note, much of the discrepancy in the estimates between 55 versus 105 executed at La Cabaña revolves around whether to include instances where Guevara had denied an appeal and signed off on a death warrant, but where the sentence was carried out while he traveled overseas from June 4 to September 8, or after he relinquished his command of the fortress on June 12, 1959.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 375.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 54.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 57.
- ^ a b c Kellner 1989, p. 58.
- ^ Taibo 1999, p. 282-285.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 423.
- ^ a b Anderson 1997, p. 431.
- ^ Taibo 1999, p. 300.
- ^ Che Guevara's Daughter Visits Bomb Memorial in Hiroshima by The Japan Times, May 16, 2008
- ^ a b Anderson 1997, p. 435.
- ^ Casey 2009, p. 25.
- ^ Casey 2009, pp. 25–50.
- ^ a b Kellner 1989, p. 55.
- ^ a b c d Kellner 1989, p. 61.
- ^ Latin America's New Look at Che by Daniel Schweimler, BBC News, October 9, 2007.
- ^ a b Anderson 1997, pp. 449
- ^ Man and Socialism in Cuba by Che Guevara
- ^ a b Crompton 2009, p. 71.
- ^ a b Kellner 1989, p. 60.
- ^ Dumur 1964 a 1964 video interview of Che Guevara speaking French (with English subtitles).
- ^ a b c d "Socialism and Man in Cuba" A letter to Carlos Quijano, editor of Marcha, a weekly published in Montevideo, Uruguay; published as "From Algiers, for Marcha: The Cuban Revolution Today" by Che Guevara on March 12, 1965.
- ^ a b c d e Kellner 1989, p. 62.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 59.
- ^ PBS: Che Guevara, Popular but Ineffective.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 75.
- ^ Latin America Report. Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS). 1984–03–23. p. 24. http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA351284. Retrieved 2010-10-30.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 63.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 74.
- ^ The Spirit of Che Guevara by I.F. Stone, New Statesman, October 20, 1967.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 507.
- ^ Jones, Nate. "Document Friday: Che Guevara Thanks the United States for the Bay of Pigs Invasion". NSA Archive. http://nsarchive.wordpress.com/2012/02/03/document-friday-che-guevara-thanks-the-united-states-for-the-bay-of-pigs-invasion/. Retrieved May 4, 2012.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 509.
- ^ a b "Economics Cannot be Separated from Politics" speech by Che Guevara to the ministerial meeting of the Inter-American Economic and Social Council (CIES), in Punta del Este, Uruguay on August 8, 1961.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 492.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 530.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 545.
- ^ Guevara 1997, pp 304
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 73.
- ^ a b c d e "Colonialism is Doomed" speech to the 19th General Assembly of the United Nations in New York City by Cuban representative Che Guevara on December 11, 1964.
- ^ a b c Bazooka Fired at U.N. as Cuban Speaks by Homer Bigart, The New York Times, December 12, 1964 – p. 1.
- ^ Hart 2004, p. 271.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 618.
- ^ "Che Guevara: Father Of Revolution, Son Of Galway". Fantompowa.net. http://www.fantompowa.net/Flame/che_guevara_irish_roots.htm. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ Gerry Adams Featured in New Che Guevara Documentary by Kenneth Haynes, Irish Central, September 8, 2009
- ^ Guevara 1969, p. 350.
- ^ Guevara 1969, pp. 352–59.
- ^ a b Message to the Tricontinental A letter sent by Che Guevara from his jungle camp in Bolivia, to the Tricontinental Solidarity Organisation in Havana, Cuba, in the Spring of 1967.
- ^ Che Guevara's Final Verdict on the Soviet Economy by John Riddell, Centre for Research on Globalization, June 13, 2008.
- ^ a b c d e Ernesto 'Che' Guevara: A Rebel Against Soviet Political Economy by Helen Yaffe (author of Che Guevara: The Economics of Revolution), 2006
- ^ Guevara 1965.
- ^ Ben Bella 1997.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 624.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 629.
- ^ Gálvez 1999, p. 62.
- ^ Gott 2004 p. 219.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 86.
- ^ DR Congo's Rebel-Turned-Brain Surgeon by Mark Doyle, BBC World Affairs', December 13, 2005.
- ^ BBC News January 17, 2001.
- ^ "The intercept operators knew that Dar-es-Salaam was serving as a communications center for the fighters, receiving messages from Castro in Cuba and relaying them on to the guerrillas deep in the bush (Bamford 2002, p. 181).
- ^ Ireland's Own 2000.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 87.
- ^ From Cuba to Congo, Dream to Disaster for Che Guevara by The Guardian, August 12, 2000
- ^ Guevara 2000, p. 1.
- ^ Castañeda 1998, p. 316.
- ^ Che Guevara’s Central Bohemian Hideaway article and audio by Ian Willoughby, Český rozhlas, June 27, 2010
- ^ Guevara 2009, p. 167.
- ^ Mittleman 1981, p. 38.
- ^ Jacobson, Sid and Ernie Colón. Che: A Graphic Biography. Hill and Wang, 2009. 96–97.
- ^ Jacobson, Sid and Ernie Colón. Che: A Graphic Biography. Hill and Wang, 2009. 98.
- ^ a b Selvage 1985.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 693.
- ^ Members of Che Guevara's Guerrilla Movement in Bolivia by the Latin American Studies Organization
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 97.
- ^ U.S. Army 1967 and Ryan 1998, pp. 82–102, inter alia. "U.S. military personnel in Bolivia never exceeded 53 advisers, including a sixteen-man Mobile Training Team (MTT) from the 8th Special Forces Group based at Fort Gulick, Panama Canal Zone" (Selvage 1985).
- ^ "Bidding for Che", Time Magazine, Dec. 15, 1967.
- ^ Guevara 1972.
- ^ Castañeda 1998, pp. 107–112; 131–132.
- ^ Wright 2000, p. 86.
- ^ a b Guevara 2009, p. II.
- ^ Shadow Warrior: The CIA Hero of 100 Unknown Battles, Felix Rodriguez and John Weisman, Simon & Schuster, October 1989.
- ^ Barbie "Boasted of Hunting Down Che" by David Smith, The Observer, December 23, 2007.
- ^ Green Beret Behind the Capture of Che Guevara by Richard Gott, The Age, September 8, 2010
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 733.
- ^ a b "The Man Who Buried Che" by Juan O. Tamayo, Miami Herald, September 19, 1997.
- ^ a b c d e Ray, Michèle (March 1968). "In Cold Blood: The Execution of Che by the CIA". Ramparts Magazine: 33.
- ^ Grant 2007
- ^ Grant 2007. René Barrientos has never revealed his motives for ordering the summary execution of Guevara rather than putting him on trial or expelling him from the country or turning him over to the U.S. authorities.
- ^ Almudevar, Lola. "Bolivia marks capture, execution of 'Che' Guevara 40 years ago." San Francisco Chronicle. Tuesday October 9, 2007. Retrieved on November 7, 2009.
- ^ Time magazine 1970.
- ^ a b Anderson 1997, p. 739.
- ^ Obituary: Che Guevara, Marxist Architect of Revolution by Richard Bourne, The Guardian, October 11, 1967
- ^ Almudevar 2007 and Gott 2005.
- ^ Casey 2009, p. 179.
- ^ Casey 2009, p. 183.
- ^ The Death of Che Guevara by Bjorn Kumm, The New Republic, Originally published on November 11, 1967.
- ^ Lacey 2007a.
- ^ Watch blog image of Guevara's GMT Master.
- ^ Kornbluh 1997.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 740.
- ^ Anderson 1997, p. 741.
- ^ Kellner 1989, p. 101.
- ^ a b c Nadle, Marlene (August 24, 1968). "Régis Debray Speaks from Prison". Ramparts Magazine: 42.
- ^ Cuba salutes 'Che' Guevara: Revolutionary Icon Finally Laid to Rest CNN, October 17, 1997
- ^ "Bidding for Che", Time Magazine, Dec. 15, 1967.
- ^ Guevara 1967b.
- ^ Ryan 1998, p. 45.
- ^ Ryan 1998, p. 104.
- ^ Ryan 1998, p. 148.
- ^ Ramírez 1997.
- ^ Bolivia unveils original Che Guevara diary by Eduardo Garcia, Reuters, July 7, 2008.
- ^ Slain Che Guevara Soldiers Found? video report by National Geographic, August 21, 2009.
- ^ McLaren 2000, p. 7.
- ^ Che's Second Coming? by David Rieff, November 20, 2005, New York Times.
- ^ Moynihan 2006.
- ^ Sinclair 1968 / 2006, p. 80.
- ^ Sinclair 1968 / 2006, p. 127.
- ^ McLaren 2000, p. 3.
- ^ Sinclair 1968 / 2006, p. 67.
- ^ Ernesto Che Guevara R.I.P. by Murray Rothbard, Left and Right: A Journal of Libertarian Thought, Volume 3, Number 3 (Spring-Autumn 1967).
- ^ Just a Pretty Face? by Sean O'Hagan, The Observer, July 11, 2004.
- ^ People's Weekly 2004.
- ^ Argentina pays belated homage to "Che" Guevara by Helen Popper, Reuters, June 14, 2008.
- ^ Statue for Che's '80th birthday' by Daniel Schweimler, BBC News, June 15, 2008.
- ^ On a tourist trail in Bolivia's hills, Che's fame lives on By Hector Tobar, Los Angeles Times, October 17, 2004.
- ^ Schipani 2007.
- ^ Behind Che Guevara’s mask, the cold executioner Times Online, September 16, 2007.
- ^ a b c Vargas Llosa 2005.
- ^ a b Kellner 1989, p. 106.
- ^ Casey 2009, pp. 325 & 235.
- ^ BBC News May 26, 2001.
- ^ see also Che Guevara (photo).
- ^ Lacey 2007b.
- ^ BBC News 2007.
- ^ O'Hagan 2004.
Notes and Further Reading[link]
- Almudevar, Lola (October 9, 2007). "Bolivia marks capture, execution of 'Che' Guevara 40 years ago". San Francisco Chronicle.
- Anderson, Jon Lee (1997). Che Guevara: A Revolutionary Life. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-1600-0.
- Bamford, James (2002). Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency (Reprint edition). New York: Anchor Books. ISBN 0-385-49908-6.
- BBC News (January 17, 2001). "Profile: Laurent Kabila". Accessed April 10, 2008.
- BBC News (May 26, 2001). Che Guevara photographer dies. Accessed January 4, 2006.
- BBC News (October 9, 2007). "Cuba pays tribute to Che Guevara". BBC News, International version.
- Beaubien, Jason (2009). Cuba Marks 50 Years Since 'Triumphant Revolution'. NPR: All Things Considered, Audio Report. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=98937598.
- Ben Bella, Ahmed (October 1997). "Che as I knew him". Le Monde diplomatique. mondediplo.com. Accessed February 28, 2008.
- Bockman, USMC Major Larry James (April 1, 1984). The Spirit of Moncada: Fidel Castro's Rise to Power 1953–1959. United States: Marine Corps Command and Staff College.
- Casey, Michael (2009). Che's Afterlife: The Legacy of an Image. Vintage. ISBN 0-307-27930-8.
- Castañeda, Jorge G (1998). Che Guevara: Compañero. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-679-75940-9.
- Castro, Fidel (editors Bonachea, Rolando E. and Nelson P. Valdés; 1972). Revolutionary Struggle 1947–1958. Cambridge, Massachusetts and London: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-02065-3.
- Crompton, Samuel (2009). Che Guevara: The Making of a Revolutionary. Gareth Stevens. ISBN 1-4339-0053-X.
- DePalma, Anthony (2006). The Man Who Invented Fidel: Castro, Cuba, and Herbert L. Matthews of the New York Times. New York: Public Affairs. ISBN 1-58648-332-3.
- Dorfman, Ariel (June 14, 1999). Time 100: Che Guevara. Time magazine.
- Dorschner, John and Roberto Fabricio (1980). The Winds of December: The Cuban Revolution of 1958. New York: Coward, McCann & Geoghegen. ISBN 0-698-10993-7.
- Dumur, Jean (interviewer) (1964). L'interview de Che Guevara (Video clip; 9:43; with English subtitles).
- Free Society Project Inc. / Cuba Archive (September 30, 2009). "Documented Victims of Che Guevara in Cuba: 1957 to 1959PDF (244 KB)". Summit, New Jersey: Free Society Project.
- Gálvez, William (1999). Che in Africa: Che Guevara's Congo Diary. Melbourne: Ocean Press, 1999. ISBN 1-876175-08-7.
- Gómez Treto, Raúl (Spring 1991). "Thirty Years of Cuban Revolutionary Penal Law". Latin American Perspectives 18(2), Cuban Views on the Revolution. 114–125.
- Gott, Richard (2004). Cuba: A New History. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10411-1.
- Gott, Richard (August 11, 2005). "Bolivia on the Day of the Death of Che Guevara". Le Monde diplomatique. Accessed February 26, 2006.
- Grant, Will (October 8, 2007). "CIA man recounts Che Guevara's death". BBC News. Accessed February 29, 2008.
- Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (1995). Motorcycle Diaries. London: Verso Books.
- Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (editor Waters, Mary Alice) (1996). Episodes of the Cuban Revolutionary War 1956–1958. New York: Pathfinder. ISBN 0-87348-824-5.
- Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (1965). "Che Guevara's Farewell Letter".
- Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (1967a). "English Translation of Complete Text of his Message to the Tricontinental"
- Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (1967b). "Diario (Bolivia)". Written 1966–1967.
- Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (editors Bonachea, Rolando E. and Nelson P. Valdés; 1969). Che: Selected Works of Ernesto Guevara, Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-52016-8
- Guevara, Ernesto (2009). Che: The Diaries of Ernesto Che Guevara. Ocean Press. ISBN 1-920888-93-4.
- Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (1972). Pasajes de la guerra revolucionaria.
- Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (translated from the Spanish by Patrick Camiller; 2000). The African Dream. New York: Grove Publishers. ISBN 0-8021-3834-9.
- Guevara, Ernesto "Che" (2005). "Socialism and man in Cuba" (First published March 12, 1965 as "From Algiers, for Marcha. The Cuban Revolution Today"). Che Guevara Reader. (1997). Ocean Press. ISBN 1-875284-93-1
- Guevara, Ernesto; Deutschmann, David (1997). Che Guevara Reader: Writings by Ernesto Che Guevara on Guerrilla Strategy, Politics & Revolution. Ocean Press. ISBN 1-875284-93-1.
- Guevara Lynch, Ernesto (2000). Aquí va un soldado de América. Barcelona: Plaza y Janés Editores, S.A. ISBN 84-01-01327-5.
- Hall, Kevin (2004). "In Bolivia, Push for Che Tourism Follows Locals' Reverence". Common Dreams. commondreams.org. Accessed November 15, 2008.
- Haney, Rich (2005). Celia Sánchez: The Legend of Cuba's Revolutionary Heart. New York: Algora Pub. ISBN 0-87586-395-7.
- Hari, Johann (October 6, 2007). "Johann Hari: Should Che be an icon? No". The Independent.
- Hart, Joseph (2004). Che: The Life, Death, and Afterlife of a Revolutionary. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press. ISBN 1-56025-519-6.
- Ireland's Own (August 12, 2000). From Cuba to Congo, Dream to Disaster for Che Guevara. Accessed January 11, 2006.
- Kellner, Douglas (1989). Ernesto "Che" Guevara (World Leaders Past & Present). Chelsea House Publishers (Library Binding edition). p. 112. ISBN 1-55546-835-7.
- Kornbluh, Peter (1997). Electronic Briefing Book No. 5. National Security Archive. Accessed March 25, 2007.
- Lacey, Mark (October 26, 2007). "Lone Bidder Buys Strands of Che's Hair at U.S. Auction". New York Times.
- Lacey, Mark (October 9, 2007). "A Revolutionary Icon, and Now, a Bikini". The New York Times.
- Lavretsky, Iosif (1976). Ernesto Che Guevara. translated by A. B. Eklof. Moscow: Progress. p. 5. ASIN B000B9V7AW. OCLC 22746662.
- Luther, Eric (2001). Che Guevara (Critical Lives). Penguin Group (USA). p. 276. ISBN 0-02-864199-X.
- McLaren, Peter (2000). Che Guevara, Paulo Freire, and the Pedagogy of Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0-8476-9533-6.
- Mittleman, James H (1981). Underdevelopment and the Transition to Socialism – Mozambique and Tanzania. New York: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-500660-8
- Moynihan, Michael. "Neutering Sartre at Dagens Nyheter". Stockholm Spectator. Accessed February 26, 2006.
- Murray, Edmundo (November–December 2005). "Guevara, Ernesto [Che] (1928–1967)". Irish Migration Studies in Latin America (www.irlandeses.org).
- Che Guevara, by Frank Niess, Haus Publishers Ltd, 2007, ISBN 1-904341-99-3.
- O'Hagan, Sean (July 11, 2004). "Just a pretty face?". The Guardian. Accessed October 25, 2006.
- Ramírez, Dariel Alarcón (1997). Le Che en Bolivie. Paris: Éditions du Rocher. ISBN 2-268-02437-7.
- Ramonez, Ignacio (2007). Translated by Andrew Hurley. Fidel Castro: My Life London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-102626-8
- Ratner, Michael (1997). Che Guevara and the FBI: The U.S. Political Police Dossier on the Latin American Revolutionary. Ocean Press. ISBN 1-875284-76-1.
- Rodriguez, Félix I. and John Weisman (1989). Shadow Warrior/the CIA Hero of a Hundred Unknown Battles. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-671-66721-1.
- Ryan, Henry Butterfield (1998). The Fall of Che Guevara: A Story of Soldiers, Spies, and Diplomats. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-511879-0.
- Sanati, Kimia (October 3, 2007). "Islamist, Socialist Revolutions Don't Mix". IPS News. (Reporting from Tehran, Iran). Accessed October 13, 2010.
- Sandison, David (1996). The Life & Times of Che Guevara. Paragon. ISBN 0-7525-1776-7.
- Schipani, Andres (September 23, 2007). "The Final Triumph of Saint Che". The Observer. (Reporting from La Higuera.)
- Selvage, Major Donald R. – USMC (April 1, 1985). Che Guevara in Bolivia. Globalsecurity.org. Accessed January 5, 2006.
- Sinclair, Andrew (1968 / re-released in 2006). Viva Che!: The Strange Death and Life of Che Guevara. Sutton publishing. ISBN 0-7509-4310-6.
- Skidmore, Thomas E.; Peter H. Smith (2008). Modern Latin America. Oxford University Press. p. 436. ISBN 0-19-505533-0.
- Taibo II, Paco Ignacio (1999). Guevara, Also Known as Che. St Martin's Griffin. 2nd edition. p. 691. ISBN 0-312-20652-6.
- Time Magazine (October 12, 1970). "Che: A Myth Embalmed in a Matrix of Ignorance".
- Time Magazine cover story (August 8, 1960). "Castro's Brain".
- U.S. Army (April 28, 1967). Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Activation, Organization and Training of the 2d Ranger Battalion – Bolivian Army. Accessed June 19, 2006.
- Vargas Llosa, Alvaro (July 11, 2005). "The Killing Machine: Che Guevara, from Communist Firebrand to Capitalist Brand". The Independent Institute. Accessed November 10, 2006.
- "World Combined Sources" (October 2, 2004). "Che Guevara remains a hero to Cubans". People's Weekly World.
- Wright, Thomas C. (2000 Revised edition). Latin America in the Era of the Cuban Revolution. Praeger. ISBN 0-275-96706-9.
External links[link]
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Guevara, Che |
| Alternative names | Ernesto Guevara de la Serna, el Che |
| Short description | Argentine-born Marxist, politician, and leader of Cuban and internationalist guerrillas |
| Date of birth | May 14, 1928 |
| Place of birth | Rosario, Argentina |
| Date of death | October 9, 1967 |
| Place of death | La Higuera, Bolivia |
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