Scutellaria
| Scutellaria | |
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| Flowers of S. alpina | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Lamiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Scutellarioideae |
| Genus: | Scutellaria L.[1] |
| Species | |
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| Synonyms | |
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Anaspis Rech.f. |
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Scutellaria is a genus of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It contains about 300 species, which are commonly known as skullcaps.[2] The generic name is derived from the Latin word scutella, meaning "a small dish," referring to the shape of the calyx.[3]
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Description [edit]
The genus is widespread in temperate regions and on tropical mountains.
Most are annual or perennial herbaceous plants from 5 to 100 cm (2.0 to 39 in) tall, but a few are subshrubs; some are aquatic. They have four-angled stems and opposite leaves. The flowers have upper and lower lips. The genus is most easily recognized by the typical shield on the calyx that has also prompted its common name.
Traditional use [edit]
Scutellaria root (Huang Qin, Radix of Scutellaria baicalensis) has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine to support the immune system.[4][5]
Chemical constituents [edit]
Baicalein, a major flavonoid isolated from Scutellaria, was shown to have cardiovascular effects in in vitro.[6] Research also shows that Scutellaria root modulates inflammatory activity in viro to inhibit nitric oxide (NO), cytokine, chemokine and growth factor production in macrophages.[7] Isolated chemical compounds including wogonin, wogonoside, and 3,5,7,2',6'-pentahydroxyl flavanone found in Scutellaria have been shown to inhibit histamine and leukotriene release.[8]
Selected species [edit]
See also [edit]
- Chinese herbology 50 fundamental herbs
References [edit]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Scutellaria |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Scutellaria |
- ^ a b "Genus: Scutellaria L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2006-11-03. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
- ^ a b "Scutellaria". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
- ^ Austin, Daniel F. (2004). Florida Ethnobotany. CRC Press. p. 616. ISBN 978-0-8493-2332-4.
- ^ Yang, ZC; Wang, BC; Yang, XS; Wang, Q; Ran, L (2005). "The synergistic activity of antibiotics combined with eight traditional Chinese medicines against two different strains of Staphylococcus aureus". Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces 41 (2–3): 79–81. doi:10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.10.033. PMID 15737531.
- ^ Ma, SC; Du, J; But, PP; Deng, XL; Zhang, YW; Ooi, VE; Xu, HX; Lee, SH et al. (2002). "Antiviral Chinese medicinal herbs against respiratory syncytial virus". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 79 (2): 205–11. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00389-0. PMID 11801383.
- ^ Huang, Y; Tsang, SY; Yao, X; Chen, ZY (2005). "Biological properties of baicalein in cardiovascular system". Current drug targets. Cardiovascular & haematological disorders 5 (2): 177–84. PMID 15853750.
- ^ Kim, EH; Shim, B; Kang, S; Jeong, G; Lee, JS; Yu, YB; Chun, M (2009). "Anti-inflammatory effects of Scutellaria baicalensis extract via suppression of immune modulators and MAP kinase signaling molecules". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 126 (2): 320–31. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2009.08.027. PMID 19699788.
- ^ Lim, BO (2003). "Effects of wogonin, wogonoside, and 3,5,7,2',6'-pentahydroxyflavone on chemical mediator production in peritoneal exduate cells and immunoglobulin E of rat mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes". Journal of Ethnopharmacology 84 (1): 23–9. doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00257-X. PMID 12499072.
- ^ "GRIN Species Records of Scutellaria". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-11-12.
External links [edit]
- "Scutellaria L. skullcap". The PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture.
- Scutellaria images on MorphBank, a biological image database
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