Chancel area of Brown Memorial Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, with raised level

The groin-arched chancel of St. Matthew's German Evangelical Lutheran Church in Charleston, South Carolina

In church architecture, the chancel is the space around the altar in the sanctuary at the liturgical east end of a traditional Christian church building. It may terminate in an apse.

Following the exposition of the doctrine of transubstantiation at the fourth Lateran Council of 1215, clergy were required to ensure that the blessed sacrament was to be kept protected from irreverent access or abuse; and accordingly the area of the church used by the lay congregation was to be screened off from that used by the clergy. This distinction was enforced by the development of canon law, by which the construction and upkeep of the chancel was the responsibility of the rector, whereas the construction and upkeep of the nave was the responsibility of the parish.

As well as the altar, the chancel usually houses the credence table and seats for officiating and assisting ministers. In Anglican and Methodist churches it will usually include the choir. In some traditions, the pulpit and lectern may be in the chancel, but in others these functions are considered proper to the nave.

The chancel is typically raised somewhat above the level of the nave, where the congregation gathers. It may be separated from the nave by a rood screen, a rail, or an open space. In some churches, the congregation may gather on three sides or in a semicircle around the chancel.

The word "chancel" derives from the French usage of chancel from a Late Latin word cancelli meaning "lattice".^[1] This refers to the typical form of rood screens.

The chancel arch is the arch which separates the chancel (sanctuary or choir) from the nave of a church.

See also[link]

• Sanctuary
• Chancel repair liability

References[link]

Notes

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Francis Lalanne

Francis Lalanne (born Francis-José Lalanne on 8 August 1958 in Anglet) is a French singer, songwriter and poet. He is the brother of composer Jean-Félix Lalanne and film director René Manzor.

Free Art[link]

He opposed the HADOPI law^[1] in 2009 and has supported the French free software community saying that the purpose of art is not to make money but conscience, and it is the duty of any author to promote the free dissemination of this conscience^[2]. He wrote the book « Révoltons-nous », published on August 2011 under the free art license^[3].

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

• 1979: Rentre chez toi
• 1980: Francis Lalanne
• 1981: Toi mon vieux copain
• 1982: Celle qui m'a emmené
• 1984: Amis d'en France
• 1985: Coup de foudre
• 1986: Mai 86
• 1988: De Corazón
• 1990: Avec toi
• 1992: Tendresses
• 1994: Les Inédits
• 1996: Face cachée
• 2000: Sans papiers
• 2003: D'une vie à l'autre
• 2005: Reptile
• 2009: Ouvrir son cœur
• 2010: Blaïte music

Live albums[link]

• 1983: Lalanne à Pantin
• 1993: Zénith 93
• 2006: Au Casino de Paris

Compilations[link]

• 1995: Flash-Back
• 2007: Best of

Publications[link]

• 1986: Ajedhora, Flammarion.
• 1993: Le Roman d'Arcanie, Les Belles Lettres.
• 1994: Les Carnets de Lucifer, Les Belles Lettres.
• 1995: Le Journal de Joseph, Éditions du Rocher.
• 1997: D'Amour et de Mots, Les Belles Lettres. Tristan Tzara prize in 1997.
• 1999: Éliade ou l'Idéale, Les Belles Lettres.
• 2000: Le Petit Livre de l'Enfant, Éditions du Rocher, with co-author Stella Sulak.
• 2003: Drac. ou le Soliloque du Vampire, Les Belles Lettres.
• 2004: Les Carnets de Lucifer – Mon Journal Intime, Les Belles Lettres.
• 2006: Skizogrammes, Pantoums, Éditions Bibliophane.
• 2008: Mère Patrie, Planète Mère, Éditions Pascal Petiot. Lauriers Verts award at La Forêt des Livres in 2008.
• 2009: La bataille Hadopi, In Libro Veritas (group of authors)^[1].
• 2009: Mise en Demeure à Monsieur le Président de la République Française, Jean-Claude Gawsewitch Éditeur.
• 2011: Révoltons-nous, Éditions In Libro Veritas^[3].

Filmography[link]

Cinéma

• 1995: Marie de Nazareth by Jean Delannoy
• 2008: Astérix at the Olympic Games, by Frédéric Forestier and Thomas Langmann
• 2008: Disco, by Fabien Onteniente
• 2010: Orso - La Marche de l'Enfant Roi, by Magà Ettori: Senator Vasco

As a voice actor

• 1996: The Hunchback of Notre Dame: French voice of Quasimodo
• 2002: The Hunchback of Notre Dame II: French voice of Quasimodo

References[link]

• Dominique Lacout, Francis Lalanne, Éditions du Rocher, 1993. ISBN 978-2-268-01596-5

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Francis Lalanne

Related Articles[link]

• Music of France
• Chanson française

External links[link]

• Francis Lalanne at the Internet Movie Database
• Francis Lalanne on Myspace

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René Goscinny (14 August 1926 – 5 November 1977) was an award-winning French comics editor and writer, who is best known for the comic book Astérix, which he created with illustrator Albert Uderzo, and for his work on the comic series Lucky Luke with Morris (considered the series' golden age) and Iznogoud with Jean Tabary.

Early life[link]

Goscinny was born in Paris in 1926, to a family of Jewish immigrants from Poland;^[1] his parents were Stanisław Simkha Gościnny (the surname means hospitable in Polish, Simkha is his Jewish name meaning happiness), a chemical engineer from Warsaw, Poland, and Anna (Hanna) Bereśniak-Gościnna from Chodorków, a small village near Zhitomir, in the Second Polish Republic, now Ukraine.^[2] Claude, René's older brother was born 6 years earlier; on 10 December 1920. Stanisław and Anna had met in Paris and married in 1919. The Gościnnys moved to Buenos Aires, Argentina, two years after René's birth, because of a chemical engineer post Stanisław had obtained there. He spent a happy childhood in Buenos Aires, and studied in the French schools there. He had a habit of being the "Class Clown", probably to compensate for a natural shyness. He started drawing very early on, inspired by the illustrated stories which he enjoyed reading.

In December 1943, the year after he graduated from school, 17 year old Goscinny lost his father to a cerebral hemorrhage, forcing him to find a job. The next year, he got his first job, as an assistant accountant in a tire recovery factory, and when he was laid off the following year, he became a junior illustrator in an advertising agency.^[3]

Goscinny, along with his mother, left Argentina and went to New York in 1945, to join their uncle Boris. To avoid service in the US military, he travelled to France to join the French Army in 1946. He served at Aubagne, in the 141st Alpine Infantry Battalion. Promoted to senior corporal, he became the appointed illustrator of the regiment and drew illustrations and posters for the army.

First works[link]

The following year, he illustrated the book The Girl with The Eyes of Gold and returned to New York. On his arrival Goscinny went through the most difficult period of his life. For a while, he was jobless, alone and totally broke. By 1948, though, he recovered and started working in a small studio where he met and became friends with future Mad alumni Will Elder, Jack Davis and Harvey Kurtzman.^[3] Goscinny then became art director at Kunen Publishers where he wrote four books for children. Around this time he met Joseph Gillain, better known as Jijé, and Maurice de Bevere aka Morris, the cartoonist and author of the series Lucky Luke (which Goscinny would write from 1955 to his death in 1977).^[3]

Also, he met Georges Troisfontaines, chief of the World Press agency, who convinced Goscinny to return to Paris and work for his agency as the head of Paris office in 1951. Here, he met Albert Uderzo, with whom he started a longtime cooperation.^[3][4] They started out with some work for Bonnes Soirées, a female magazine for which Goscinny wrote Sylvie. Goscinny and Uderzo also launched the series Jehan Pistolet and Luc Junior in La Libre Junior.

In 1955, Goscinny, accompanied by Jean-Michel Charlier, Albert Uderzo and Jean Hébrad, founded the syndicate Edipress/Edifrance. The syndicate launched publications like Clairon for the factory union and Pistolin for a chocolate company. Goscinny and Uderzo cooperated on the series Bill Blanchart in Jeannot, Pistolet in Pistolin and Benjamin et Benjamine in the magazine of the same name. Under the pseudonym Agostini, Goscinny wrote Le Petit Nicolas for Jean-Jacques Sempé in Le Moustique and later Sud-Ouest and Pilote.

In 1956, Goscinny began a collaboration with the magazine Tintin. He wrote some short stories for Jo Angenot and Albert Weinberg, and worked on Signor Spaghetti with Dino Attanasio, Monsieur Tric with Bob de Moor, Prudence Petitpas with Maurice Maréchal, Globul le Martien and Alphonse with Tibet, Strapontin with Berck and Modeste et Pompon with André Franquin. An early creation with Uderzo, Oumpah-pah, was also adapted for serial publication in Tintin from 1958-1962.^[5] In addition, Goscinny appeared in the magazines Paris-Flirt (Lili Manequin with Will) and Vaillant (Boniface et Anatole with Jordom, Pipsi with Godard).

[edit] Pilote and Astérix

In 1959, the Édifrance/Édipresse syndicate started the comics magazine Pilote.^[6] Goscinny became one of the most productive writers for the magazine. In the magazine's first issue, he launched his most famous creation, Astérix, with Uderzo. This series was an instant hit and is now known worldwide. Goscinny also restarted the series Le Petit Nicolas and Jehan Pistolet, now called Jehan Soupolet. Goscinny also began Jacquot le Mousse and Tromblon et Bottaclou with Godard.

The magazine was bought by Georges Dargaud in 1960, and Goscinny became editor-in-chief. He also began new series like Les Divagations de Monsieur Sait-Tout (with Martial), La Potachologie Illustrée (with Cabu), Les Dingodossiers (with Gotlib) and La Forêt de Chênebeau (with Mic Delinx). With Tabary, he launched Calife Haroun El Poussah in Record, a series that was later continued in Pilote as Iznogoud. With Raymond Macherot he created Pantoufle for Spirou.

Family[link]

Goscinny married Gilberte Pollaro-Millo in 1967. In 1968 their daughter Anne Goscinny was born, who also became an author.

Death[link]

René Goscinny in Nice (F)

Goscinny died at 51, in Paris of cardiac arrest on 5 November 1977, during a stress test at his doctor's office. He was buried in the Jewish Cemetery of Nice. In accordance with his will, most of his money was transferred to the chief rabbinate of France.

Since Goscinny's death, Uderzo has continued to produce the Asterix series, although at the much slower pace of one book every three to five years. The critical reception of the books written without Goscinny has been mixed to poor.^{[citation needed]}

In a tribute to Goscinny, Uderzo gave his likeness to one of the characters in L'Odyssée d'Astérix ("Asterix and the Black Gold").

Bibliography[link]

Awards[link]

• 1974: Adamson Award for best international comic strip artist, Sweden
• 2005: Inducted in the Will Eisner Hall of Fame as a Judges' choice, U.S.

Since 1996, the René Goscinny Award is presented at the yearly Angoulême International Comics Festival in France as an encouragement for young comic writers.

According to UNESCO's Index Translationum, Goscinny, as of April 2008, was the 22nd most translated author, with 1,800 translations of his work.^[7] (This figure does not take in account his additional work under pseudonyms.)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Goscinny official site (French)
• Astérix official site
• On Dupuis.com
• Goscinny biography on Asterix International!
• Goscinny biography on Lambiek Comiclopedia
• Daughter Ann lighting Hanuka candles with family.
• René Goscinny at the Internet Movie Database

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Natalie Allyn Sleeth (née Wakeley) (October 29, 1930 – March 21, 1992) was an American composer.

Sleeth was born in Evanston, Illinois. In 1934, she began to study the piano at the early age of four. Later in her life, she received an Academic major in music and a BA in music theory at Wellesley College in Massachusetts. She married a Professor of Homiletics, Reverend Ronald E. Sleeth.

One of her best-known anthems for choir is entitled "Joy in the Morning" and was written for the West Virginia Wesleyan College concert chorale on the occasion of her husband's inauguration as the president of West Virginia Wesleyan College in 1977.

Another favorite, sung widely in the United Church of Canada is "In the Bulb There is a Flower." This was composed as an anthem and dedicated to Ronald, who was diagnosed with cancer very soon after its composition. It was written for the Pasadena Community Church, St. Petersburg FL, conducted by C. Frederick Harrison, and first performed by their choirs in March 1985. It was also performed at Ronald's funeral, the only song of hers to be performed for that occasion at his request. It appears as hymn #703 in the United Church of Canada hymnal, Voices United (Toronto: The United Church Publishing House, 1996). It also appears as hymn #707 under the title "Hymn of Promise" in the United Methodist Hymnal (Nashville, TN: The United Methodist Publishing House, 1989).

She was a member of the Highland Park United Methodist Church in Dallas, TX.

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. It includes attribution to IMDb, which may not be a reliable source for biographical information. Please help by adding additional, reliable sources for verification. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (January 2012)

Philippe Bouvard
Philippe Bouvard at Les Grosses Têtes
Born	(1929-12-06)December 6, 1929 Coulommiers, Seine-et-Marne, France
Nationality	French
Occupation	Radio host
Known for	Les Grosses Têtes, Le Petit Théâtre de Bouvard

Philippe Bouvard (born December 6, 1929, in Coulommiers, Seine-et-Marne) is the well-known host of the French radio program Les Grosses Têtes on RTL and the TV program Le Petit Théâtre de Bouvard broadcast from 1982 to 1986 on Antenne 2.

Bouvard has a diploma from École supérieure de journalisme de Paris (Journalism school of Paris).

Filmography[link]

• Vacances explosives (1957)
• The Dirty Game (1965) : dialogues
• L'aile ou la cuisse (1976) : himself as TV presenter

External links[link]

• Philippe Bouvard on Imdb.com

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