Lories and lorikeets
Rainbow Lorikeet (H. t. moluccanus) at Nelson Bay, NSW, Australia.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Superfamily:	Psittacoidea
Family:	Psittaculidae
Subfamily:	Loriinae
Tribe:	Loriini Selby, 1836
Genera
Chalcopsitta Eos Pseudeos Trichoglossus Psitteuteles Lorius Phigys Vini Glossopsitta Charmosyna Oreopsittacus Neopsittacus

Lories and lorikeets (tribe Lorini) are small to medium-sized arboreal parrots characterized by their specialized brush-tipped tongues for feeding on nectar of various blossoms and soft fruits, preferably berries. The species form a monophyletic group within the parrot family Psittacidae. Traditionally, they were considered a separate subfamily (Loriinae) from the other subfamily (Psittacinae) based on the specialized characteristics, but recent molecular and morphological studies show that the group is positioned in the middle of various other groups. They are widely distributed throughout the Australasian region, including south-eastern Asia, Polynesia, Papua New Guinea, Timor Leste and Australia, and the majority have very brightly coloured plumage.

Etymology[link]

The usage of the terms "lory" and "lorikeet" is subjective, like the usage of "parrot" and "parakeet". Species with longer tapering tails are generally referred to as "lorikeets", while species with short blunt tails are generally referred to as "lories".^[1]

Taxonomy[link]

Traditionally, lories and lorikeets have either been classified as the subfamily, Loriinae, or as a family on their own, Loriidae,^[2] but they are currently classified as a tribe. Neither traditional view is confirmed by molecular studies. Those studies show that the lories and lorikeets form a single group, closely related to the budgerigar and the fig parrots (Cyclopsitta and Psittaculirostris).^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

Two main groups are recognized within the lories and lorikeets. The first consist of the genus Charmosyna^[3][4] and the closely related Pacific Ocean genera Phigys and Vini.^[3] All remaining genera, except Oreopsittacus are in the second group.^[3][4] The position of Oreopsittacus is unknown, although one study suggests it could be a third group next to the other two.^[7]

Species[link]

Classification of parrots in the subfamily, Loriinae:

• Genus Chalcopsitta
  • Black Lory, Chalcopsitta atra
  • Brown Lory, Chalcopsitta duivenbodei (also called Duyvenbode's Lory)
  • Yellowish-streaked Lory, Chalcopsitta sintillata
  • Cardinal Lory, Chalcopsitta cardinalis
• Genus Eos
  • Black-winged Lory, Eos cyanogenia
  • Violet-necked Lory, Eos squamata
  • Blue-streaked Lory, Eos reticulata
  • Red-and-blue Lory, Eos histrio
  • Red Lory, Eos bornea
  • Blue-eared Lory, Eos semilarvata

• Genus Pseudeos
  • Dusky Lory, Pseudeos fuscata
• Genus Trichoglossus
  • Ornate Lorikeet, Trichoglossus ornatus (also called Ornate Lory)
  • Pohnpei Lorikeet, Trichoglossus rubiginosus (also called Ponape Lory)
  • Mindanao Lorikeet, Trichoglossus johnstoniae (also called Johnstone's Lorikeet)
  • Citrine Lorikeet, Trichoglossus flavoviridis
  • Rainbow Lorikeet, Trichoglossus haematodus (many subspecies, some of which are sometimes classified as species)
  • Scaly-breasted Lorikeet, Trichoglossus chlorolepidotus
  • Olive-headed Lorikeet, Trichoglossus euteles (also called Perfect Lorikeet)
• Genus Psitteuteles (sometimes classified in the Genus Trichoglossus)
  • Varied Lorikeet, Psitteuteles versicolor
  • Iris Lorikeet, Psitteuteles iris
  • Goldie's Lorikeet, Psitteuteles goldiei
• Genus Lorius
  • Purple-bellied Lory, Lorius hypoinochrous
  • Black-capped Lory, Lorius lory (synonym Stresemann's Lory, Lorius amabilis^[8])
  • White-naped Lory, Lorius albidinuchus
  • Yellow-bibbed Lory, Lorius chlorocercus
  • Purple-naped Lory, Lorius domicellus (synonym Blue-thighed Lory, Lorius tibialis^[9])
  • Chattering Lory, Lorius garrulus
• Genus Phigys
  • Collared Lory, Phigys solitarius
• Genus Vini
  • Blue-crowned Lorikeet, Vini australis
  • Kuhl's Lorikeet, Vini kuhlii
  • Stephen's Lorikeet, Vini stepheni
  • Blue Lorikeet, Vini peruviana
  • Ultramarine Lorikeet, Vini ultramarina
  • †Sinoto's Lorikeet, Vini sinotoi (extinct)
  • †Conquered Lorikeet, Vini vidivici (extinct)
• Genus Glossopsitta
  • Musk Lorikeet, Glossopsitta concinna
  • Little Lorikeet, Glossopsitta pusilla
  • Purple-crowned Lorikeet, Glossopsitta porphyrocephala
• Genus Charmosyna
  • Palm Lorikeet, Charmosyna palmarum
  • Red-chinned Lorikeet, Charmosyna rubrigularis
  • Meek's Lorikeet, Charmosyna meeki
  • Blue-fronted Lorikeet, Charmosyna toxopei
  • Striated Lorikeet, Charmosyna multistriata
  • Pygmy Lorikeet, Charmosyna wilhelminae (also called Wilhelmina's Lorikeet)
  • Red-fronted Lorikeet, Charmosyna rubronotata (also called Red-spotted Lorikeet)
  • Red-flanked Lorikeet, Charmosyna placentis
  • †? New Caledonian Lorikeet, Charmosyna diadema (possibly extinct, 20th Century?)
  • Red-throated Lorikeet, Charmosyna amabilis
  • Duchess Lorikeet, Charmosyna margarethae
  • Fairy Lorikeet, Charmosyna pulchella
  • Josephine's Lorikeet, Charmosyna josefinae (also called Josephine's Lory)
  • Papuan Lorikeet, Charmosyna papou (also called Papuan Lory)
• Genus Oreopsittacus
  • Plum-faced Lorikeet, Oreopsittacus arfaki (also called Whiskered Lorikeet)
• Genus Neopsittacus
  • Yellow-billed Lorikeet, Neopsittacus musschenbroekii (also called Musschenbroek's Lorikeet)
  • Orange-billed Lorikeet, Neopsittacus pullicauda (also called Emerald Lorikeet)

Morphology[link]

Tongue of a Lory

Lories and lorikeets have specialized brush-tipped tongues for feeding on nectar and soft fruits. They can feed from the flowers of about 5,000 species of plants and use their specialised tongues to take the nectar. The tip of their tongues have tufts of papillae (extremely fine hairs), which collect nectar and pollen.

Lorikeets have tapered wings and pointed tails that allow them to fly easily and display great agility.^{[citation needed]} They also have strong feet and legs. They tend to be hyperactive and clownish in personality both in captivity and the wild.^{[citation needed]}

The multi-coloured Rainbow Lorikeet was one of the species of parrots appearing in the first edition of The Parrots of the World and also in John Gould's lithographs of the Birds of Australia. Then and now, lories and lorikeets are described^{[by whom?]} as some of the most beautiful species of parrot.

Diet[link]

In the wild, lorikeets feed on nectar and pollen from plants and flowers. A companion lorikeet however requires a special diet, which makes them less than ideal for a beginner bird owner. A companion bird's diet should consist of a nectar replacement diet, which are available commercially or can be made by the owner. There are two main types of nectar replacement, namely wet mix and dry mix. These mixes come in powder form, the former requires to be mixed with water to create a porridge-like consistency, the latter is to be fed as is. If feeding dry mix, plenty of fresh drinking water needs to be made available for the bird. If the bird is fed on wet mix, their requirements for drinking will be reduced, as the feed contains a large amount of water, however fresh drinking water should still be made available.

Companion lorikeets also need their diet supplemented with fresh fruit and vegetables on a daily basis. A variety of different coloured fruit and vegetables should be made available. A favourite of lorikeets appears to be spinach or silverbeet leaves, and will provide calcium for the bird. Due to the shape of their beak and tongue, rarely will a lorikeet use a cuttlefish for calcium intake. Other kinds of fruits and vegetables frequently enjoyed by lorikeets include apples, pears, corn on the cob, berries, grapes (only to be fed in small amounts as the high iron content in grapes can cause liver damage), pumpkins, sweet potatoes, and citrus fruits once a week. Honey is also a favourite of lorikeets, and can be used as a treat or a reward when training a bird.

Do not feed a lorikeet (or any other bird) avocado, onion, chocolate, caffeine or alcohol. These foods contain chemicals which are lethal to birds.

Due to the largely liquid diet of lorikeets, their droppings are also of a very liquid nature, making them one of the messier companion birds to keep.

Conservation[link]

Rainbow Lorikeet drinking

The Ultramarine Lorikeet is endangered. It is now one of the 50 rarest birds in the world. The Blue Lorikeet is classified as vulnerable. The introduction of European rats to the small island habitats of these birds is a major cause of their endangerment.^[10] Various conservation efforts have been made to relocate some of these birds to locations free of predation and habitat destruction.

Gallery[link]

• 

  Black-winged Lory

• 

  Green-naped Lorikeet (subspecies of Rainbow Lorikeet)

• 

  Scaly-breasted Lorikeet

• 

  Olive-headed Lorikeet

• 

  Yellowish-streaked Lory

• 

  Musk Lorikeet

• 

  Dusky Lory

• 

  Blue-streaked Lory

• 

  Josephine's Lorikeet

• 

  Papuan Lorikeet

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Loriinae

• ARKive - images and movies of the blue lorikeet/tahitian lory (Vini peruviana)
• Texts on Wikisource:
  • "Lory". New International Encyclopedia. 1905. 
  • "Lory". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911. 
  • "Lory". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920. 

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2010)

Donna De Lory is an American singer, dancer and songwriter. Part of a musical family, De Lory has been performing since a young age. Her voice can be heard on albums by Carly Simon, Ray Parker, Jr., Kim Carnes, Santana, Martika, Laura Branigan, Belinda Carlisle, Selena, Bette Midler, Mylène Farmer and Madonna. De Lory accompanied Madonna as backing vocalist and dancer on every concert from the Who's That Girl Tour in 1987, up to the Confessions Tour in 2006. Her performance with Madonna at the Live Earth 2007 concert in London, was their final professional collaboration to date. This marked the first occasion in more than twenty one years that De Lory has not been a member of Madonna's touring company.

Career[link]

De Lory (left) and Niki Haris (right) performing as backup singers for Madonna's Girlie Show World Tour in 1993.

De Lory's 1993 single "Just A Dream" was written and produced by Madonna and Patrick Leonard. The track was originally recorded by Madonna for her 1989 Like a Prayer album. The original version of this song remains an example of unreleased Madonna songs. De Lory's cover version incorporated backing vocals by Madonna. A number of remixes for this single were released on promotional CD and 12" vinyl. De Lory's version did also manage to reach the United States Hot Dance Club Play chart. It peaked at #71 in the UK Singles Chart in July 1993.^[1]

She worked in France to sing and dance for the Mylène Farmer's tour in 1996.

After traveling the globe in support of her self-titled MCA debut, De Lory's pop and world influences took root in her collaboration with cellist, Cameron Stone. Together they formed a musical hybrid and began creating albums such as Bliss and In the Glow.^[2]

De Lory's 2004 album, The Lover & The Beloved, was a Sanskrit and English CD released on the Ajna Music label.

The De Lory family is well known in the music industry. Donna is the daughter of musician/record producer/arranger Al De Lory, who played piano, electric organ, and harpsichord on The Beach Boys's Pet Sounds album and was responsible, among other things, for producing Glen Campbell's "golden era" on Capitol Records. In addition he co-wrote the 1960 Billboard Hot 100 #1 novelty hit for Larry Verne, "Mr. Custer." Donna's brother, A.D. DeLory, is also a singer and songwriter.

De Lory performed Elise's theme, "My Destiny", in the 2006 game Sonic the Hedgehog. Her song, "In the Sun" was featured at the end of episode 5 of NBC's drama Life. Her version of Madonna's song, "Papa Don't Preach", appeared in the 2010 film, The Switch.

De Lory's 2008 album was called Sanctuary.

Albums[link]

• Donna De Lory (1993)
• Songs '95 (1995)
• Bliss (2001)
• Live & Acoustic (2002)
• In the Glow (2003)
• The Lover and the Beloved (2004)
• The Lover and the Beloved Radio DJ Mix (2004)
• Sky is Open (2006)
• Sanctuary (2008)

Singles[link]

• "Luck is an Angel" (1987)
• "Just a Dream" (1993)
• "Think It Over" (1993)
• "Praying For Love" (1993)
• "On and On" (2000)

Filmography[link]

• Truth Or Dare, 1991
• Live à Bercy, 1997
• I'm Going To Tell You A Secret, 2005

References[link]

External links[link]

• Donna De Lory's official website
• Donna De Lory's official DreamTeam website & Blog
• Donna De Lory's MySpace page
• Ultimate Donna De Lory fansite

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2010)

This article may contain improper references to self-published sources. Please help improve it by removing references to unreliable sources, where they are used inappropriately. (May 2010)

Mucho Muchacho, also called Mucho Mu, is the pseudonym of Oliver Gallego Sarmiento, MC of Barcelona born in 1976, member of the group 7 Notas 7 Colores and that founded on 2003 the musical seal C.R.E.A.M., under which it published his only LP in solitaire like MC, Chulería.

Biography[link]

The group began its professional trajectory together to MC Make forming Eat Meat in 1992, with as first scale model published his "Un audiodocumental de..." Eat Meat, as it was winning in the aid of Rockdelux.

7 Notas 7 Colores Formed initially by Dive, DJ Neas, Eloy and Mucho Muchacho, the group is reduced al pair formed by Mucho Muchacho (MC), and Dive Dibosso (producer), accompanied by DJ Neas in the concerts. After publishing the first disc, Hecho, es simple (1997), Neas left the group, whilst Eddy la Sombra entered as an MC. Later, DJ Vadim became their DJ and producer. In 2000 7 Notas 7 Colores release a new album titled 77, with good sales, being the first hip hop group to enter the AFYVE lists. They founded their own record company, La Mami International, and released a new album, with the same name. In 2002 the group split up. Nevertheless, in 2007 Mucho Muchacho announced the return of 7 Notas 7 Colores, with a renewed formation. Aside from Mucho Muchacho and DJ Vadim enters the formation Principiante, a Valencian MC.

Mucho Muchacho appeared the 2000 film Asphalt.

Solo Career His first and only solo LP as MC was Chulería, a full album of collaborations that features, among others, Tony Touch a famous producer, DJ and Puerto Rican MC Ray Roll and newcomers like Masstone. In 2006 first reference like producer publishes his, one mixtape titled The Hip-Hop Institute Vol. 1.

Mucho Mu is currently working as a DJ in Ibiza, and performs hip hop at gigs that he himself organises. His main contact with the scene is through its Web in MySpace, from which he publishes his new productions and contacts with other artists.

Discography[link]

With 7 Notas 7 Colores

• La Comunidad Del Guisante (scale model, 1993)
• Floriver Neas (scale model, 1994)
• Con esos ojitos/Puercos (Yo Gano, 1997)
• Hecho, es simple (La Madre-Superego, 1997)
• La Medicina (La Madre-Superego, 1998)
• 77 (La Madre-Superego, 1999)
• Gorilas y Bananas (La Madre-Superego, 1999)
• La Mami Internacional (La Madre, 2000)
• Yo vivo (La Madre, 2002)
• "Panoja" (2008)

In solitaire

• Será mejor feat. Tony Touch (Maxi single) (C.R.E.A.M., 2002)
• Amor y plata" (maxi single) (CREAM, 2002)
• Chulería" (LP) (CREAM, 2003)
• The Hip-Hop Institute Vol. 1" (Mixtape) (2006)

Collaborations[link]

• CPV . El estilo de vida de un tristemente famoso (1997)
• CPV · Grandes planes (1998)
• Bano · El hombre que cambiaba ptas x flores (1998)
• DJ Griffi · Akay Lama en el Funkarreo del 2015 (2000)
• Brujeria · Mextremist! Greatest Hits (2001)
• Triple XXX · Barro y fuego (2003)
• Triple XXX · Primera clase (2004)
• Sólo los Solo · Todo el mundo lo sabe (2005)
• Quiroga · Historias de Q (2006)
• Toscano (MC) · Yo underground (2007)