- published: 08 Apr 2010
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- author: ChicagoTribune
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RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Wonderful Christmas Time (feat. Dolly Parton)
- Rockin' Around the Christmas Tree
- I Saw Three Ships (feat. America)
- Merry Christmas, Happy Holidays
- What Are You Doing New Years Eve?
- It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year
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- On the Last Night of the Year
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- Rockin' and Rollin' on Christmas Day (feat. Steve Cropper)
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- 25 or 6 to 4
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- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Make Me Smile
- Beginnings
- Lowdown
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- I'm a Man
- Saturday in the Park
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
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- If She Would Have Been Faithful...
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Will You Still Love Me?
- Over and Over
- It's Alright
- Nothin's Gonna Stop Us Now
- I Believe
- One More Day
- Questions 67 & 68
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Make Me Smile
- Beginnings
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- Saturday in the Park
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Just You 'n' Me
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Call On Me
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- Old Days
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- Feel (Hot single mix)
- King of Might Have Been
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- Long Lost Friend
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- What You're Missing
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- Bad Advice
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- Follow Me
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- Daddy's Favorite Fool
- You're the Inspiration
- If You Leave Me Now (live, 2004) (feat. Philip Bailey)
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry / Get Away
- Here in My Heart
- Call on Me
- Colour My World
- Just You 'n' Me
- After the Love Has Gone (live, 2004) (feat. Earth, Wind & Fire)
- Hard Habit to Break
- Look Away
- Beginnings
- Happy Man
- Will You Still Love Me?
- No Tell Lover
- I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- Never Been in Love Before
- What Kind of Man Would I Be?
- Wishing You Were Here
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Colour My World
- Just You 'n' Me
- Saturday in the Park
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Make Me Smile
- Wishing You Were Here
- Call on Me
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Beginnings
- In the Country
- Fancy Colours
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is (Free Form Intro)
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- South California Purples
- Questions 67 and 68
- Sing a Mean Tune Kid
- Beginnings
- Movin' In
- The Road
- Poem for the People
- In the Country
- Wake Up Sunshine
- Make Me Smile
- So Much to Say, So Much to Give
- Anxiety's Moment
- West Virginia Fantasies
- Colour My World
- To Be Free
- Now More Than Ever
- Fancy Colours
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Prelude
- A.M. Mourning
- P.M. Mourning
- Memories of Love
- It Better End Soon (1st Movement)
- It Better End Soon (2nd Movement)
- It Better End Soon (3rd Movement)
- It Better End Soon (4th Movement)
- Where Do We Go From Here
- Introduction
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Beginnings
- Questions 67 and 68
- Listen
- South California Purples
- I'm a Man
- Movin' In
- Wake Up Sunshine
- Ballet for a Girl in Buchannon
- Colour My World
- To Be Free/Now More Than Ever
- Fancy Colours
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Poem for the People
- It Better End Soon Movements 1, 3, 4
- Once or Twice
- You Are on My Mind
- Skin Tight
- If You Leave Me Now
- Together Again
- Another Rainy Day in New York City
- Mama Mama
- Scrapbook
- Gently I'll Wake You
- You Get It Up
- Hope for Love
- I'd Rather Be Rich (original version/rehearsal)
- Your Love's an Attitude
- A Hit by Varèse
- All Is Well
- Now That You've Gone
- Dialogue (Part I)
- Dialogue (Part II)
- While the City Sleeps
- Saturday in the Park
- State of the Union
- Goodbye
- Alma Mater
- Dialogue (live)
- Winter Wonderland
- Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!
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- Little Drummer Boy
- This Christmas
- Feliz Navidad
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- The Christmas Song
- O Come All Ye Faithful
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- Child's Prayer
- One Little Candle
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- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- 'Till the End of Time
- Policeman
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- Vote for Me
- Takin' It on Uptown
- This Time
- The Inner Stuggles of a Man
- Prelude (Little One)
- Little One
- Wish I Could Fly (rehearsal)
- Paris (rehearsal)
- Manipulation
- Upon Arrival
- Song for You
- Where Did the Lovin' Go
- Birthday Boy
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- Overnight Cafe
- Thunder and Lightning
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- Doin' Business
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- The Greatest Love on Earth
- Little Miss Lovin'
- Hot Streets
- Take a Chance
- Gone Long Gone
- Ain't It Time
- Love Was New
- No Tell Lover
- Show Me the Way
- Love Was New (alternate vocal)
- Sing a Mean Tune Kid
- Loneliness Is Just a Word
- What Else Can I Say
- I Don't Want Your Money
- Flight 602
- Motorboat to Mars
- Free
- Free Country
- At the Sunrise
- Happy 'Cause I'm Going Home
- Mother
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- Off to Work
- Fallin' Out
- Dreamin' Home
- Morning Blues Again
- When All the Laughter Dies in Sorrow
- Canon
- Once Upon a Time...
- Progress?
- The Approaching Storm
- Man Vs. Man: The End
- If You Leave Me Now
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry
- You're the Inspiration
- I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Hard Habit to Break
- Will You Still Love Me?
- What Kind of Man Would I Be?
- Look Away
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Along Comes a Woman
- Stay the Night
- You Come to My Senses
- I'm a Man
- You're Not Alone
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Saturday in the Park
- Colour My World
- Make Me Smile (new edit)
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? (new edit)
- Beginnings
- Questions 67 and 68
- I'm a Man (new edit)
- Colour My World
- Free
- Lowdown
- Saturday in the Park
- Dialogue (Part I & II) (single version)
- Just You 'n' Me
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Wishing You Were Here
- Call on Me
- Happy Man (GH2 edit)
- Another Rainy Day in New York City
- If You Leave Me Now
- If You Leave Me Now
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry
- You're the Inspiration
- Hard Habit to Break
- Will You Still Love Me?
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Look Away
- What Kind of Man Would I Be?
- I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Just You 'n' Me
- Happy Man
- You're Not Alone
- Chasin' the Wind
- Wishing You Were Here
- No Tell Lover
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Colour My World
- You Come to My Senses
- We Can Last Forever
- Prelude to Aire
- Aire
- Devil's Sweet
- Italian From New York
- Hanky Panky
- Life Saver
- Happy Man
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Mongonucleosis
- Song of the Evergreens
- Byblos
- Wishing You Were Here
- Call on Me
- Woman Don't Want to Love Me
- Skinny Boy
- Byblos (rehearsal)
- If You Leave Me Now
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Saturday in the Park
- Wishing You Were Here
- 25 or 6 to 4
- I'm a Man
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Street Player
- Low Down
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- Make Me Smile
- Beginnings
- I've Been Searchin' So Long
- Questions 67 & 68
- The Ballet
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Mongonucleosis
- Hard Habit to Break
- Call on Me
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Just You 'N' Me
- Beginnings
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry / Get Away
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Back to You
- If I Should Ever Lose You
- (Your Love Keeps Lifting Me) Higher and Higher
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- If You Leave Me Now
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Baby What a Big Surprise
- Stay the Night
- You're the Inspiration
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry
- Wishing You Were Here
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Colour My World
- Little Drummer Boy
- God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen
- Have Yourself a Merry Little Christmas
- The Christmas Song
- O Come All Ye Faithful
- Child's Prayer
- Feliz Navidad
- Santa Claus Is Coming to Town
- Christmas Time Is Here
- Let It Snow! Let It Snow! Let It Snow!
- What Child Is This
- White Christmas
- Silent Night
- One Little Candle
- Dialogue (Part 1 & 2)
- Old Days
- All Roads Lead to You
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- You're Not Alone
- What Kind of Man Would I Be
- No Tell Lover
- Show Me a Sign
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Call on Me
- I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Stay the Night
- I'm a Man
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Questions 67 & 68
- Make Me Smile
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Beginnings
- Saturday in the Park
- Wishing You Were Here
- If You Leave Me Now
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Hard Habit to Break
- If You Leave Me Now
- Baby What a Big Surprise
- Saturday in the Park
- Wishing You Were Here
- 25 or 6 to 4
- I'm a Man
- Feelin' Stronger Everyday
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Street Player
- Low Down
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- Make Me Smile
- Beginnings
- I've Been Searchin' So Long
- Questions
- Bigger Than Elvis
- Let's Take a Lifetime
- Dialogue (Part I & II)
- A Hit by Varèse
- Lowdown (Japanese version)
- State of the Union
- Saturday in the Park
- Make Me Smile
- So Much to Say, So Much to Give
- Anxiety's Moment
- West Virginia Fantasies
- Colour My World
- To Be Free
- Now More Than Ever
- Beginnings
- Mississippi Delta City Blues
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- Mississippi Delta City Blues
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Prelude (Little One)
- Little One
- Not Tell Lover
- Closer to You
- Gone Long Gone
- Alive Again
- Must Have Been Crazy
- Doin' Business
- Song for You
- Thunder and Lightning
- The American Dream
- Beginnings (live)
- Make Me Smile
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Bigger Than Elvis
- Free
- Lowdown
- Beginnings
- Colour My World
- Questions 67 & 68
- Saturday in the Park (live)
- Dialogue (Part I & II) (live)
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- Just You 'n' Me
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Chicago
- Caravan
- Dream a Little Dream of Me (feat. Jade, Paul Shaffer)
- Goody Goody
- Moonlight Serenade
- Night & Day
- Blues in the Night
- Sing, Sing, Sing (feat. Gipsy Kings)
- Sophisticated Lady
- In the Mood
- Don't Get Around Much Anymore
- Take the "A" Train
- Baby What a Big Surprise
- Dialogue (Part II)
- No Tell Lover
- Alive Again
- Old Days
- If You Leave Me Now
- Questions 67 & 68
- Happy Man
- Gone Long Gone
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- If You Leave Me Now
- Saturday in the Park
- Feelin' Stronger Everyday
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Wishing You Were Here
- No Tell Lover
- Another Rainy Day in New York City
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Song for You
- Introduction
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Beginnings
- Questions 67 & 68
- Listen
- Poem 58
- I'm a Man
- Make Me Smile
- So Much to Say, So Much to Give
- Anxiety's Moment
- West Virginia Fantasies
- Colour My World
- To Be Free
- Now More Than Ever
- Fancy Colors
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Where Do We Go From Here
- Life Saver
- Happy Man
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Sunny Boy
- Byblos
- Wishing You Were Here
- Call on Me
- Brand New Love Affair Part I & II
- Harry Truman
- Old Days
- You Are on My Mind
- If You Leave Me Now
- Together Again
- Another Rainy Day in New York City
- Hope for Love
- Flight 602
- Free
- What Else Can I Say
- Mother
- Lowdown
- A Song for Richard and His Friends
- A Hit by Varèse
- Saturday in the Park
- Dialogue (Part I)
- Dialogue (Part II)
- Alma Mater
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- In Terms of Two
- Critic's Choice
- Just You 'n' Me
- Something in This City Changes People
- Explain It to My Heart
- If It Were You
- You Come to My Senses
- Somebody, Somewhere
- What Does It Take
- One From the Heart
- Chasin' the Wind
- God Save the Queen
- Man to Woman
- Only Time Can Heal the Wounded
- Who Do You Love
- Holdin' On
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry / Get Away
- Look Away
- Stay the Night
- Will You Still Love Me?
- Love Me Tomorrow
- What Kind of Man Would I Be? (remix)
- You're the Inspiration
- I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- Hard Habit to Break
- Along Comes a Woman
- If She Would Have Been Faithful...
- We Can Last Forever
- If You Leave Me Now
- Baby What a Big Surprise
- Where Did the Loving Go?
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Hard Habit to Break
- Only You
- You're the Inspiration
- Along Comes a Woman
- Remember the Feeling
- If She Would Have Been Faithful
- Will You Still Love Me
- What Kind of Man Would I Be?
- Look Away
- Colour My World
- Questions 67 & 68
- No Tell Lover
- Old Days
- If You Leave Me Now
- 25 Or 6 To 4
- Another Rainy Day In New York City
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Make Me Smile
- I'm A Man
- Baby What A Big Surprise
- Call On Me
- Feelin' Stronger Everyday
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Saturday In The Park
- Just You 'N' Me
- Wishing You Were Here
- In the Country
- Fancy Colours
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is? (free form intro)
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- South California Purples
- Questions 67 and 68
- 25 Or 6 To 4
- Saturday In The Park
- Make Me A Smile
- The Approaching Storm
- Lowdown
- In The Country
- Listen
- Free
- I Don't Want Your Money
- Question 67 and 68
- Beginnings
- If You Leave Me Now
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Beginnings
- Questions 67 & 68
- I'm a Man
- Wake Up Sunshine
- Make Me Smile
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Lowdown
- Dialogue, Parts I & II
- Saturday in the Park
- Just You 'n' Me
- Feelin' Stronger Every Day
- All the Years
- Stone of Sisyphus
- Bigger Than Elvis
- Sleeping in the Middle of the Bed
- Mah Jongg
- Let's Take a Lifetime
- The Pull
- Candle for the Dark
- Plaid
- Cry for the Lost
- Get on This
- The Show Must Go On
- If You Leave Me Now
- Hard to Say I'm Sorry
- You're the Inspiration
- Hard Habit to Break
- Will You Still Love Me?
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Look Away
- What Kind of Man Would I Be?
- I Don't Wanna Live Without Your Love
- Love Me Tomorrow
- Just You 'n Me
- Happy Man
- You're Not Alone
- Song For You
- Wishing You Were Here
- No Tell Lover
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- You Come to my Senses
- Anyway You Want
- Brand New Love Affair (Part 1 and 2)
- Never Been in Love Before
- Hideaway
- Till We Meet Again
- Harry Truman
- Oh, Thank You Great Spirit
- Long Time No See
- Ain't It Blue
- Old Days
- Baby, What a Big Surprise
- Happy Man
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- If You Leave Me Now
- Old Days
- Song for You
- Thunder and Lightning
- Wishing You Were Here
- Mama Take
- Run Away
- If You Leave Me Now
- Saturday in the Park
- Take Me Back to Chicago
- 25 or 6 to 4
- Baby What a Big Surprise
- Colour My World
- Alive Again
- Does Anybody Really Know What Time It Is?
- Dialogue (Part II)
- Questions 67 & 68
- Happy Man
- Make Me Smile
- Gone Long Gone
- Old Days
- (I've Been) Searchin' So Long
- Just You 'n' Me
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Inside the Chicago Tribune: The Breaking News Center
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:09
- Updated: 28 Feb 2013
Join Chicago Tribune editor Gerould Kern and the Tribune's Chicago Breaking News editor Dan Haar as they show the revamped fourth floor newsroom of the Midwe...
http://wn.com/Inside_the_Chicago_Tribune_The_Breaking_News_Center
Join Chicago Tribune editor Gerould Kern and the Tribune's Chicago Breaking News editor Dan Haar as they show the revamped fourth floor newsroom of the Midwe...
John Kass makes Beer Can Chicken
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:31
- Updated: 01 May 2013
Chicago Tribune columnist John Kass makes his legendary Beer Can Chicken recipe, from the kitchen to the Weber grill.
http://wn.com/John_Kass_makes_Beer_Can_Chicken
Chicago Tribune columnist John Kass makes his legendary Beer Can Chicken recipe, from the kitchen to the Weber grill.
- published: 30 Jun 2009
- views: 366162
- author: ChicagoTribune
Chicago Tribune Press Pass: Sheryl Sandberg, Facebook COO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 57:31
- Updated: 02 May 2013
Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg discusses her new book, "Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead," with Chicago Tribune vice president and associate editor e...
http://wn.com/Chicago_Tribune_Press_Pass_Sheryl_Sandberg,_Facebook_COO
Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg discusses her new book, "Lean In: Women, Work, and the Will to Lead," with Chicago Tribune vice president and associate editor e...
- published: 29 Mar 2013
- views: 7823
- author: ChicagoTribune
Video: Chicago crime overnight report (Wednesday, April 10, 2013)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Updated: 12 Apr 2013
Chicago Tribune reporter Adam Sege recaps the night's stories, including children found with bruises and a man wounded in a robbery. (Posted on: April 10, 20...
http://wn.com/Video_Chicago_crime_overnight_report_Wednesday,_April_10,_2013
Chicago Tribune reporter Adam Sege recaps the night's stories, including children found with bruises and a man wounded in a robbery. (Posted on: April 10, 20...
- published: 10 Apr 2013
- views: 239
- author: ChicagoTribune
Calhoun Elementary parents voice objections to school closing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Updated: 12 Apr 2013
Parents and teachers listen Tuesday, April 9, 2013 to discussion about the planned closing of Calhoun Elementary School during a CPS feedback meeting at Ruby...
http://wn.com/Calhoun_Elementary_parents_voice_objections_to_school_closing
Parents and teachers listen Tuesday, April 9, 2013 to discussion about the planned closing of Calhoun Elementary School during a CPS feedback meeting at Ruby...
- published: 12 Apr 2013
- views: 76
- author: ChicagoTribune
Plan B controversy reignites science debate in Congress
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:31
- Updated: 11 Apr 2013
Chicago Tribune columnist Steve Chapman discusses the recent case which allowed Plan B to be given for free to women under 17. (Posted on: April 10, 2013) Fo...
http://wn.com/Plan_B_controversy_reignites_science_debate_in_Congress
Chicago Tribune columnist Steve Chapman discusses the recent case which allowed Plan B to be given for free to women under 17. (Posted on: April 10, 2013) Fo...
- published: 10 Apr 2013
- views: 421
- author: ChicagoTribune
At Wrigley, product placement matters more than third base
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:20
- Updated: 10 Apr 2013
Chicago Tribune sports columnist Steve Rosenbloom weighs in on Monday game's message to relievers to stop chewing Double Bubble chewing gum in the bullpen. (...
http://wn.com/At_Wrigley,_product_placement_matters_more_than_third_base
Chicago Tribune sports columnist Steve Rosenbloom weighs in on Monday game's message to relievers to stop chewing Double Bubble chewing gum in the bullpen. (...
- published: 10 Apr 2013
- views: 145
- author: ChicagoTribune
Time Out Chicago acquired by parent group, going digital-only
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:26
- Updated: 08 Apr 2013
Chicago Tribune business reporter Robert Channick explains the changes the acquisition will bring about. For more video, visit http://chicagotribune.com/vide...
http://wn.com/Time_Out_Chicago_acquired_by_parent_group,_going_digital-only
Chicago Tribune business reporter Robert Channick explains the changes the acquisition will bring about. For more video, visit http://chicagotribune.com/vide...
- published: 08 Apr 2013
- views: 175
- author: ChicagoTribune
U.S. Representative-elect Robin Kelly goes to Washington
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:25
- Updated: 10 Apr 2013
Democrat U.S. Representative-elect Robin Kelly talks about what she needs to do in the first days in her new office as a congresswoman this week in Washingto...
http://wn.com/US_Representative-elect_Robin_Kelly_goes_to_Washington
Democrat U.S. Representative-elect Robin Kelly talks about what she needs to do in the first days in her new office as a congresswoman this week in Washingto...
- published: 10 Apr 2013
- views: 102
- author: ChicagoTribune
Chicago crime overnight report (Monday, April 8, 2013)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:22
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
Chicago Tribune reporter Adam Sege recaps the night's crime, including a stabbing and two separate shootings. For more video, visit http://chicagotribune.com...
http://wn.com/Chicago_crime_overnight_report_Monday,_April_8,_2013
Chicago Tribune reporter Adam Sege recaps the night's crime, including a stabbing and two separate shootings. For more video, visit http://chicagotribune.com...
- published: 08 Apr 2013
- views: 310
- author: ChicagoTribune
Classic Chicago Tribune Cartoonists - 1931
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Updated: 29 Mar 2013
An edited excerpt from the silent 1931 promotional documentary, "From Trees to Tribunes," focusing on the Tribune company's stable of cartoonists. At work we...
http://wn.com/Classic_Chicago_Tribune_Cartoonists_1931
An edited excerpt from the silent 1931 promotional documentary, "From Trees to Tribunes," focusing on the Tribune company's stable of cartoonists. At work we...
- published: 04 Aug 2009
- views: 10803
- author: hugosleestak
Ice to hardwood: United Center photo timelapse
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:21
- Updated: 11 Apr 2013
The United Center in Chicago hosted the Blackhawks on March 1, 2013 and the Bulls the night after. Timelapse photos by Tribune photojournalist E. Jason Wambs...
http://wn.com/Ice_to_hardwood_United_Center_photo_timelapse
The United Center in Chicago hosted the Blackhawks on March 1, 2013 and the Bulls the night after. Timelapse photos by Tribune photojournalist E. Jason Wambs...
- published: 11 Apr 2013
- views: 43971
- author: ChicagoTribune
Food trucks at Taste of Chicago could be a hit
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Updated: 14 Apr 2013
Chicago Tribune food critic Phil Vettel reacts to food trucks being added to the Taste of Chicago. (Posted: April 12, 2013) For more video, visit http://chic...
http://wn.com/Food_trucks_at_Taste_of_Chicago_could_be_a_hit
Chicago Tribune food critic Phil Vettel reacts to food trucks being added to the Taste of Chicago. (Posted: April 12, 2013) For more video, visit http://chic...
- published: 12 Apr 2013
- views: 129
- author: ChicagoTribune
Chicago crime overnight report (Friday, April 12)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:42
- Updated: 12 Apr 2013
Chicago Tribune reporter Peter Nickeas with the overnight crime report, including a shooting, and lighting trouble at O'Hare. (Posted on: April 12, 2013) For...
http://wn.com/Chicago_crime_overnight_report_Friday,_April_12
Chicago Tribune reporter Peter Nickeas with the overnight crime report, including a shooting, and lighting trouble at O'Hare. (Posted on: April 12, 2013) For...
- published: 12 Apr 2013
- views: 444
- author: ChicagoTribune
'Deal With It' with Steve Rosenbloom: Ashton Kutcher wants to help Jay Cutler, April 11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:49
- Updated: 18 Apr 2013
Chicago Tribune sports columnist Steve Rosenbloom on how Iowa-born Bears fan, Ashton Kutcher wants to coach Jay Cutler on how to act on the field. (Posted on...
http://wn.com/'Deal_With_It'_with_Steve_Rosenbloom_Ashton_Kutcher_wants_to_help_Jay_Cutler,_April_11
Chicago Tribune sports columnist Steve Rosenbloom on how Iowa-born Bears fan, Ashton Kutcher wants to coach Jay Cutler on how to act on the field. (Posted on...
- published: 11 Apr 2013
- views: 456
- author: ChicagoTribune
Clarence Page on Thatcher: 'Brought relief to some, but a lot of misery'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:49
- Updated: 13 Apr 2013
Clarence Page remembers the life of Margaret Thatcher as well as her political similarity to Ronald Reagan. For more video, visit http://chicagotribune.com/v...
http://wn.com/Clarence_Page_on_Thatcher_'Brought_relief_to_some,_but_a_lot_of_misery'
Clarence Page remembers the life of Margaret Thatcher as well as her political similarity to Ronald Reagan. For more video, visit http://chicagotribune.com/v...
- published: 10 Apr 2013
- views: 111
- author: ChicagoTribune
Chicago crime overnight report (Sunday, April 7)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:30
- Updated: 10 Apr 2013
Chicago Tribune reporter Rosemary Sobol covers last night's crime. For more video, visit http://chicagotribune.com/video, subscribe to this channel, or follo...
http://wn.com/Chicago_crime_overnight_report_Sunday,_April_7
Chicago Tribune reporter Rosemary Sobol covers last night's crime. For more video, visit http://chicagotribune.com/video, subscribe to this channel, or follo...
- published: 07 Apr 2013
- views: 380
- author: ChicagoTribune
'Deal With It' - Wrigley renovations will not attract new players
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Updated: 23 Apr 2013
Chicago Tribune sports columnist Steve Rosenbloom counters Cubs manager Dale Sveum's recent comments about the proposed Wrigley Field renovations and their p...
http://wn.com/'Deal_With_It'_Wrigley_renovations_will_not_attract_new_players
Chicago Tribune sports columnist Steve Rosenbloom counters Cubs manager Dale Sveum's recent comments about the proposed Wrigley Field renovations and their p...
- published: 08 Apr 2013
- views: 237
- author: ChicagoTribune
North Korea threats 'mostly theater'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:44
- Updated: 17 Apr 2013
Chicago Tribune columnist Steve Chapman discusses how the North Korean government has used threats of nuclear war to establish its toughness. For more video,...
http://wn.com/North_Korea_threats_'mostly_theater'
Chicago Tribune columnist Steve Chapman discusses how the North Korean government has used threats of nuclear war to establish its toughness. For more video,...
- published: 12 Apr 2013
- views: 509
- author: ChicagoTribune
John Phillip Sousa --The Chicago Tribune March
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:13
- Updated: 27 Feb 2013
John Phillip Sousa --The Chicago Tribune March.
http://wn.com/John_Phillip_Sousa_--The_Chicago_Tribune_March
The Chicago Baseball Museum's Jerome Holtzman collection
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:16
- Updated: 16 Nov 2012
The Chicago Tribune talks with David Fletcher, the founder of the proposed Chicago Baseball Museum, about his recent purchase of the Jerome Holtzman collecti...
http://wn.com/The_Chicago_Baseball_Museum's_Jerome_Holtzman_collection
The Chicago Tribune talks with David Fletcher, the founder of the proposed Chicago Baseball Museum, about his recent purchase of the Jerome Holtzman collecti...
- published: 24 Jan 2008
- views: 1713
- author: ChicagoTribune
Breakin' The Bulls Down with KC Johnson of the Chicago Tribune
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 19:39
- Updated: 16 Apr 2013
http://wn.com/Breakin'_The_Bulls_Down_with_KC_Johnson_of_the_Chicago_Tribune
"Chicago Tribune March" by Chambers/arr. by Roberts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Updated: 03 Mar 2013
A spectacular performance of "Chicago Tribune March" by Chambers as performed by the 1986-87 Trinity High School Symphonic Band from Euless, Texas. Tom Neuge...
http://wn.com/Chicago_Tribune_March_by_Chambers_arr_by_Roberts
A spectacular performance of "Chicago Tribune March" by Chambers as performed by the 1986-87 Trinity High School Symphonic Band from Euless, Texas. Tom Neuge...
- published: 23 Mar 2010
- views: 802
- author: DarylDallas
photo: AP / Mark Duncan
07 May 2013
Amanda Berry, left, and Gina DeJesus right, both went missing as teens a decade ago. (Getty Images, APF / FBI). CLEVELAND — Three women who went missing separately about a decade ago, when they were in their teens or early 20s, had been tied up but were found alive Monday in a residential area just south of downtown, and three brothers were arrested, police said ... "Help me, I'm Amanda Berry ... I need police ... ... I'm Amanda Berry ... ....(size: 5.5Kb)
photo: AP / Nelson Salting
07 May 2013
Posted. May 7, 2013. A Philippine volcano killed at least five climbers and injured more than a dozen others after it spewed huge rocks and ash just after daybreak on Tuesday. Officials announced the deaths as rescue teams and helicopters rushed to Mayon volcano to bring out the dead and rescue the remaining hikers ... Some of the boulders were the size of living rooms ... Jesalva reported rushing back to the closest base camp to call for help....(size: 2.7Kb)
photo: AP Photo/Baz Ratner
05 May 2013
BEIRUT -- A look at the reasons for and possible implications of the escalation of Israel's involvement in Syria's civil war. WHY NOW?. Israel has said repeatedly it does not want to get dragged into Syria's civil war but has also warned that it will not allow so-called "game-changing" sophisticated weapons to flow across the border to Lebanon's Hezbollah, an Islamic militant group allied with the Syrian regime ... WHAT IS THE U.S. VIEW? ... ....(size: 15.2Kb)
photo: USMC / Cpl Daniel Wulz
07 May 2013
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling. When it was announced that the Taliban in Afghanistan had again launched another spring offensive against U.S. forces, the twelfth one since 2001, it was reminiscent of Bernard Fall, a prominent war correspondent and expert on Indochina. He referred to the desperate and horrific battle of Dien Bien Phu as. "Hell in a very small place." ... lost its colony in Iran ... 11, 2001 despite U.S....(size: 5.1Kb)
photo: AP
07 May 2013
There was tight security around the courthouse as the NSU trial began in Munich on Monday. The case was later adjourned for one week after defense lawyers questioned the impartiality of the judges. It is the biggest trial on far-right extremism in Germany since World War II, centering on Beate Zschäpe and the National Socialist Underground (NSU) neo-Nazi group she allegedly co-founded ... Just one incident required police intervention ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)
Stockhouse
08 May 2013
CT at the Waldorf Astoria Chicago Hotel, Chicago, Illinois ... As one of the Chicago metropolitan area's largest independent bank holding companies, First Midwest provides the full ... First Midwest has been recognized by the Chicago Tribune as one of Chicago's Top Workplaces for the third consecutive year by being named a National Standard Top Workplace....(size: 2.1Kb)
noodls
08 May 2013
CT at the Waldorf Astoria Chicago Hotel, Chicago, Illinois ... As one of the Chicago metropolitan area's largest independent bank holding companies, First Midwest provides ... First Midwest has been recognized by the Chicago Tribune as one of Chicago's Top Workplaces for the third consecutive year by being named a National Standard Top Workplace....(size: 2.3Kb)
China Daily
08 May 2013
The Examiner
08 May 2013
Eight students who attended Brother Rice in Chicago in the 1970s have sued the Irish Christian Brothers for alleged sexual abuse ... Chicago area men file suit against Brother Rice for sexual abuse. In a statement reported in the Chicago Tribune Burns said, "All I can tell you definitively is it doesn't involve our current staff." ... Edward Fadden, Chicago Crime Examiner. Edward Fadden is a native of Chicago's South Side....(size: 5.9Kb)
The Examiner
08 May 2013
Illinois has the highest unfunded pension debt in the country, and the 62-51 vote, according to Crain’s Chicago Business, despite fellow Democrat Madigan’s support, “drew wide support on the other side of the aisle, including from GOP Leader Tom Cross.” ... And, on Monday, the Chicago Tribune also quoted Tyrone Fahner, a former attorney general who said, "The state cannot commit suicide" in order to preserve pension benefits....(size: 7.6Kb)
The Charlotte Observer
08 May 2013
When thousands of out-of-towners converged on Charlotte for the Democratic National Convention, most had a list of local restaurants and watering holes to indulge in. One such hotspot was Alexander Michael’s Restaurant and Tavern. The Chicago Tribune recommended the Fourth Ward mainstay to delegates looking to “wet their overused whistles.”. The Fayetteville Observer called it a “foodie gem.”....(size: 6.9Kb)
The Examiner
08 May 2013
As Joel Gehrke reported Tuesday for The Washington Times, “Sen ... According to Gerhke’s report, Gosnell’s clinic went 17 years without being inspected.” ... As reported Tuesday by The Chicago Tribune, “Gosnell, 72, who ran the now-shuttered Women's Medical Society Clinic, could face the death penalty if convicted by the jury in Common Pleas Court in Philadelphia.” ... Maybe the cord was not completely severed ... Suggested by the author. ... Tweet ... ... ....(size: 8.9Kb)
MSNBC
07 May 2013
Independent hearing officers reportedly have opposed 14 of the 54 schools closings Chicago Public Schools has proposed to consolidate underutilized facilities. The officers cited "safety concerns and the district's failure to show students would be going to better schools," according to the Chicago Tribune ... The independent officers questioned the following middle school or elementary school closings, the Tribune reports....(size: 2.1Kb)
MSNBC
07 May 2013
mediabistro
07 May 2013
... and HGTV Magazine Raise Rate Base" rel="nofollow">Food Network Magazine and HGTV Magazine Raise Rate BaseThe Boston Globe Returns the Favor, Sends Chicago Tribune Doughnuts" rel="nofollow">The Boston Globe Returns the Favor, Sends Chicago Tribune DoughnutsOprah Magazine" rel="nofollow">Deborah Way Named Deputy Editor of Oprah Magazine Tags....(size: 1.8Kb)
STL Today
07 May 2013
CHICAGO — Illinois Republican Chairman Pat Brady told leading GOP members Monday night that he will announce his resignation Tuesday following a tumultuous period of controversy over his backing of gay marriage legislation, sources said ... Last month, Republican leaders met in Tinley Park and allowed Brady to stay on the job temporarily ... Ed Sullivan Jr ... ———. ©2013 Chicago Tribune. Visit the Chicago Tribune at www.chicagotribune.com ... _____....(size: 3.0Kb)
Denver Post
07 May 2013
Dear Amy. I got married (for the first time) three years ago. My husband and I are both in our 40s and are well matched, happily childless and happily married. We bought a house, and both of us have good jobs. I recently wondered, "What do I have to look forward to?" I couldn't think of anything ... Send questions via e-mail to askamy@tribune.com or write to Ask Amy, Chicago Tribune, TT500, 435 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, IL 60611 ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)
MSNBC
07 May 2013
"The Trib" redirects here. For other newspapers with similar names, see Tribune (disambiguation).
| 225px The June 16, 2009, front page of The Chicago Tribune |
|
| Type | Daily newspaper |
|---|---|
| Format | Broadsheet |
| Owner | Tribune Company |
| Publisher | Tony W. Hunter |
| Editor | Gerould W. Kern[1] |
| Founded | June 10, 1847 |
| Political alignment | Republican[citation needed] |
| Headquarters | Tribune Tower 435 North Michigan Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 USA |
| Circulation | 425,370 daily 781,128 Sunday[2] |
| ISSN | 1085-6706 |
| Official website | www.chicagotribune.com |
The Chicago Tribune is a major daily newspaper based in Chicago, Illinois, United States, and the flagship publication of the Tribune Company. Formerly self-styled as the "World's Greatest Newspaper" (for which WGN radio and television are named), it remains the most read daily newspaper of the Chicago metropolitan area and the Great Lakes region and is currently the eighth largest newspaper in the United States by circulation (and the second largest under Tribune's ownership behind Los Angeles Times).[3] Traditionally published as a broadsheet, on January 13, 2009, the Tribune announced it would continue publishing as a broadsheet for home delivery, but would publish in tabloid format for newsstand, news box and commuter station sales.[4] However, in 2011 the Tribune discontinued its tabloid edition.
On April 2, 2007, the Tribune Company announced a buy-out plan led by Chicago real estate magnate Sam Zell worth $8.2 billion, associated with a stock buyback at $34 per share, and an Employee Stock Ownership Plan. The deal closed on December 20, 2007, with Zell as the company's new chairman. As part of the deal, the company sold the Chicago Cubs and its properties, including Wrigley Field and a stake in Comcast SportsNet Chicago, to the family of J. Joseph Ricketts.[5] Less than a year after the deal closed, the Tribune Company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on December 8, 2008.
Contents |
History[link]
The Tribune was founded by James Kelly, John E. Wheeler and Joseph K. C. Forrest, publishing its first edition on June 10, 1847. The paper saw numerous changes in ownership and editorship over the next eight years. Initially, the Tribune was not politically affiliated but tended to support either the Whig or Free Soil parties against the Democrats in elections.[6] By late 1853, it was frequently running xenophobic editorials that criticized foreigners and Roman Catholics.[7] About this time it also became a strong proponent of temperance.[8] However nativist its editorials may have been, it was not until February 10, 1855 that the Tribune formally affiliated itself with the nativist American or Know Nothing party, whose candidate Levi Boone was elected Mayor of Chicago the following month.[9]
By about 1854, part-owner Capt. J. D. Webster, later General Webster and chief of staff at the Battle of Shiloh, and Dr. Charles H. Ray of Galena, Illinois through Horace Greeley convinced Joseph Medill of Cleveland's Leader to become managing editor. Ray became editor-in-chief, Medill became the managing editor, and Alfred Cowles, Sr., brother of Edwin Cowles, initially was the bookkeeper. Each purchased one third of the Tribune.[10][11] Under their leadership the Tribune distanced itself from the Know Nothings and became the main Chicago organ of the Republican Party.[12] However, the paper continued to print anti-Catholic and anti-Irish editorials.[13] The Tribune absorbed three other Chicago publications under the new editors: the Free West in 1855, the Democratic Press in 1858, and the Chicago Democrat in 1861, whose editor, John Wentworth, left his position to become Chicago Mayor. Between 1858 and 1860, the paper was known as the Chicago Press & Tribune. After November 1860, it became the Chicago Daily Tribune.[14] Before and during the American Civil War, the new editors pushed an abolitionist agenda and strongly supported Abraham Lincoln, whom Medill helped secure the Presidency in 1860. The paper remained a force in Republican politics for years afterwards.
In 1861, the Tribune published new lyrics for the song "John Brown's Body" by William W. Patton, rivaling the ones published two months later by Julia Ward Howe. Medill served as mayor of Chicago for one term after the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.
Under the 20th-century editorship of Colonel Robert R. McCormick the paper was strongly isolationist and actively biased in its coverage of political news and social trends, calling itself "The American Paper for Americans", excoriating the Democrats and the New Deal, resolutely disdainful of the British and French and greatly enthusiastic for Chiang Kai-shek and Sen. Joseph McCarthy.
When McCormick assumed the position of co-editor (with his cousin Joseph Medill Patterson) in 1910, the Tribune was the third-best-selling paper among Chicago's eight dailies, with a circulation of only 188,000.[15] The young cousins added features such as advice columns and homegrown comic strips like Little Orphan Annie and Moon Mullins, then turned to "crusades", with their first success coming with the ouster of the Republican political boss of Illinois, Sen. William Lorimer.[15] At the same time, the Tribune competed with the Hearst paper, the Chicago Examiner, in a circulation war. By 1914, the cousins succeeded in forcing out Managing Editor William Keeley. By 1918, the Examiner was forced to merge with the Chicago Herald.
In the 1920s, Patterson left to take over the editorship of his own paper, the New York Daily News.[15] In a renewed circulation war with Hearst's Herald-Examiner, McCormick and Hearst ran rival lotteries in 1922. The Tribune won the battle, adding 250,000 readers to its ranks. Also in 1922, the Chicago Tribune hosted an international design competition for its new headquarters, the Tribune Tower. The competition worked brilliantly as a publicity stunt, and more than 260 entries were received. The winner was a neo-Gothic design by New York architects John Mead Howells and Raymond Hood.
During the McCormick years, the Tribune was a champion of modified spelling (such as spelling "although" as "altho").[16] McCormick, a vigorous campaigner for the Republican Party, died in 1955, just four days before Democratic boss Richard J. Daley was elected mayor for the first time.
One of the great scoops in Tribune history came when it obtained the text of the Treaty of Versailles in June 1919. Another was its revelation of United States war plans on the eve of the Pearl Harbor attack. The Tribune's June 7, 1942, front page announcement that America had broken Japan's naval code was actually the potential revelation of a closely guarded military secret by the paper. According to the Newseum,[17] the story revealing that Americans broke the enemy naval codes was not cleared by censors, and had FDR so enraged that he considered shutting the Tribune.
U.S. presidential election, 1948[link]
File:Deweytruman12.jpg
Truman was widely expected to lose the 1948 election and the Chicago Tribune ran the incorrect headline, "DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN".
The paper is also well known for a mistake it made during the 1948 presidential election. At that time, much of its composing room staff was on strike, and early returns led the paper to believe that the Republican candidate Thomas Dewey would win. An early edition of the next day's paper carried the headline "DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN", turning the paper into a collector's item when it turned out that Harry S. Truman won and proudly brandished it in a famous picture taken at St. Louis Union Station. More recently, the Tribune reported in its print edition (Sunday, August 1, 2010) that a fireworks exhibition occurred at the wedding of Chelsea Clinton. When actual reports arrived, the story was quickly edited without notice online, to more accurately recount the actual occurrences at the wedding ceremony.[18]
The Tribune's legendary sports editor Arch Ward created the Major League Baseball All-Star Game in 1933 as part of the city's Century of Progress exposition.
The Tribune's reputation for innovation extended to radio—it bought an early station, WDAP, in 1924 and renamed it WGN (AM), the station call letters standing for the paper's self-description as the "World's Greatest Newspaper." WGN Television was launched April 5, 1948. These broadcast stations remain Tribune properties to this day and are among the oldest newspaper/broadcasting cross-ownerships in the country. (Later, the Tribune's East Coast sibling, the New York Daily News, would establish WPIX television and radio.)
After McCormick: The Watergate years[link]
Although under Colonel McCormick, the Tribune for years refused to participate in the Pulitzer Prize competition, it has won 25 of the awards over the years, including many for editorial writing.[19] The Tribune won its first post-McCormick Pulitzer in 1961, when Carey Orr won the award for editorial cartooning. Reporter George Bliss won a Pulitzer the following year for reporting, and reporter Bill Jones snagged one in 1971 for reporting.[19] A reporting team won the award in 1973, followed by reporter William Mullen and photographer Ovie Carter, who won a Pulitzer for international reporting in 1975. A local reporting team won the award in 1976, and architecture critic Paul Gapp won a Pulitzer in 1979.[19]
In 1969, under the leadership of publisher Harold Grumhaus and editor Clayton Kirkpatrick (1915–2004), the Tribune's past conservative partisanship became history. Though the paper retained its Republican and conservative perspective in its editorials, it began to publish perspectives in wider commentary that represented a spectrum of diverse opinions, while its news reporting no longer had the conservative slant it had in the McCormick years.
In early 1974, in a major feat of journalism, the Tribune published the complete 246,000-word text of the Watergate tapes in a 44-page supplement that hit the streets a mere 24 hours after the transcripts' release by the Nixon White House. Not only was the Tribune the first newspaper to publish the transcripts, but it beat the Government Printing Office's own published version, and made headlines doing so.
A week later, after studying the transcripts, the paper's editorial board observed that "the high dedication to grand principles that Americans have a right to expect from a President is missing from the transcript record." The Tribune's editors concluded that "nobody of sound mind can read [the transcripts] and continue to think that Mr. Nixon has upheld the standards and dignity of the Presidency," and called for Nixon's resignation. The Tribune call for Nixon to resign made news, reflecting not only the change in the type of conservativism practiced by the paper, but as a watershed event in terms of Nixon's hopes for survival in office. The White House reportedly saw the Tribune's editorial as a loss of a long-time supporter and as a blow to Nixon's hopes to weather the scandal.
On December 7, 1975, Kirkpatrick announced in a column on the editorial page that Rick Soll, a "young and talented columnist" for the paper whose work had "won a following among many Tribune readers over the last two years" resigned from the paper after acknowledging that a column he wrote that appeared on November 23, 1975, contained verbatim passages that another columnist wrote in 1967 and later published in a collection. Kirkpatrick did not identify the columnist. The passages in question, Kirkpatrick wrote, had been in a notebook where Soll had copied words, phrases and bits of conversation that he had wished to remember. Although the paper initially suspended Soll for a month without pay, Kirkpatrick noted that further evidence then came out that another column contained information that Soll knew was false. At that point, Kirkpatrick wrote, Tribune editors decided to accept the resignation that Soll offered when the investigation began.[20] Soll went on to marry Chicago newspaper (and future TV) reporter Pam Zekman and eventually work for the short-lived Chicago Times magazine in the late 1980s.
In March 1978, the Tribune announced that it hired columnist Bob Greene away from the Chicago Sun-Times.[21]
The 1980s and 1990s[link]
Kirkpatrick stepped down as editor in 1979 and was succeeded by Maxwell McCrohon (1928–2004), who served as editor until 1981, when he was transitioned to a corporate position. McCrohon held the corporate position until 1983, when he left to become editor in chief of the United Press International. James Squires served as the paper's editor from July 1981 until December 1989.
Jack Fuller served as the Tribune's editor from 1989 until 1993, when he became the president and chief executive officer of the Chicago Tribune. Howard Tyner served as the Tribune's editor from 1993 until 2001, when he was promoted to vice president/editorial for Tribune Publishing.
The Tribune won 11 Pulitzer prizes during the 1980s and 1990s.[19] Editorial cartoonist Dick Locher won the award in 1983, and editorial cartoonist Jeff MacNelly won one in 1985. Then, future editor Jack Fuller won a Pulitzer for editorial writing in 1986. In 1987, reporters Jeff Lyon and Peter Gorner won a Pulitzer for explanatory reporting, and in 1988, Dean Baquet, William Gaines and Ann Marie Lipinski won a Pulitzer for investigative reporting. In 1989, Lois Wille won a Pulitzer for editorial writing and Clarence Page snagged the award for commentary. In 1994, Ron Kotulak won a Pulitzer for explanatory journalism, while R. Bruce Dold won it for editorial writing. In 1998, reporter Paul Salopek won a Pulitzer for explanatory writing, and in 1999, architecture critic Blair Kamin won it for criticism.[19]
The Tribune scored a coup in 1984 when it hired popular columnist Mike Royko away from the rival Chicago Sun-Times.[22]
In 1986, the Tribune announced that celebrated film critic Gene Siskel, the Tribune's best-known writer, was no longer the paper's film critic, and that his position with the paper had shifted from being that of a full-time film critic to that of a free-lance contract writer who was to write about the film industry for the Sunday paper and also provide capsule film reviews for the paper's entertainment sections. The demotion occurred after Siskel and longtime Chicago film critic colleague Roger Ebert decided to shift the production of their weekly movie-review show—then known as At the Movies with Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert and later known as Siskel & Ebert & The Movies—from Tribune Entertainment to The Walt Disney Company's Buena Vista Television unit. "He has done a great job for us," editor James Squires said at the time. "It's a question of how much a person can do physically. We think you need to be a newspaper person first, and Gene Siskel has always tried to do that. But there comes a point when a career is so big that you can't do that." Siskel declined to comment on the new arrangement, but Ebert publicly criticized Siskel's Tribune bosses for punishing Siskel for taking their television program to a company other than Tribune Entertainment.[23] Siskel remained in that free-lance position until his death in 1999. He was replaced as film critic in 1986 by Dave Kehr.[24]
In November 1992, Tribune associate subject editor Searle "Ed" Hawley was arrested by Chicago police and charged with seven counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse for allegedly having sex with three juveniles in his home in Evanston, Illinois.[25] Hawley formally resigned from the paper in early 1993, and pleaded guilty in April 1993. He was sentenced to 3 years in prison.[26]
In an unusual move at that time, the Tribune in October 1993 fired its longtime military-affairs writer, retired-Marine David Evans, with the public position that the post of military affairs was being dropped in favor of having a national security writer.[27]
In December 1993, the Tribune's longtime Washington, D.C. bureau chief, Nicholas Horrock, was removed from his post after he chose not to attend a meeting that editor Howard Tyner requested of him in Chicago.[28] Horrock, who shortly thereafter left the paper, was replaced by James Warren, who attracted new attention to the Tribune's D.C. bureau through his continued attacks on celebrity broadcast journalists in Washington.
Also in December 1993, the Tribune hired Margaret Holt from the South Florida Sun-Sentinel as its assistant managing editor for sports, making her the first female to head a sports department at any of the nation's 10 largest newspapers.[29] In mid-1995, Holt was replaced as sports editor by Tim Franklin and shifted to a newly-created job, customer service editor.[30]
In 1994, reporter Brenda You was fired by the Tribune after free-lancing for supermarket tabloid newspapers and lending them photographs from the Tribune's photo library.[31] You later worked for the National Enquirer and as a producer for The Jerry Springer Show before committing suicide in November 2005.[32]
In April 1994, the Tribune's new television critic, Ken Parish Perkins, wrote an article about then-WFLD-TV morning news anchor Bob Sirott in which Perkins quoted Sirott as making a statement that Sirott later denied making. Sirott criticized Perkins on the air, and the Tribune later printed a correction acknowledging that Sirott had never made that statement.[33] Eight months later, Perkins stepped down as TV critic, and he left the paper shortly thereafter.[34]
In December 1995, the alternative newsweekly Newcity published a first-person article by the pseudonymous Clara Hamon (a name mentioned in the play The Front Page) but quickly identified by Tribune reporters as that of former Tribune reporter Mary Hill that heavily criticized the paper's one-year residency program. The program brought young journalists in and out of the paper for one-year stints, seldom resulting in a full-time job. Hill, who wrote for the paper from 1992 until 1993, acknowledged to the Chicago Reader that she had written the diatribe originally for the Internet, and that the piece eventually was edited for Newcity.[35]
In 1997, the Tribune celebrated its 150th anniversary in part by tapping longtime reporter Stevenson Swanson to edit the book Chicago Days: 150 Defining Moments in the Life of a Great City.
On April 29, 1997, popular columnist Mike Royko died of a brain aneurysm. On September 2, 1997, the Tribune promoted longtime City Hall reporter John Kass to take Royko's place as the paper's principal Page Two news columnist.[36]
On June 1, 1997, the Tribune published what ended up becoming a very popular column by Mary Schmich called "Advice, like youth, probably just wasted on the young", otherwise known as "Wear Sunscreen" or the "Sunscreen Speech." The most popular and well-known form of the essay is the successful music single released in 1999, accredited to Baz Luhrmann.
In 1998, reporter Jerry Thomas was fired by the Tribune after he wrote a cover article on boxing promoter Don King for Emerge magazine at the same time that he was writing a cover article on King for the Chicago Tribune Sunday magazine. The paper decided to fire Thomas—and suspend his photographer on the Emerge story, Pulitzer Prize-winning Tribune photographer Ovie Carter for a month—because Thomas did not tell the Tribune about his outside work and also because the Emerge story wound up appearing in print first.[37]
The Tribune has been a leader on the Internet, acquiring 10 percent of America Online in the early 1990s, then launching such web sites as Chicagotribune.com (1995), Metromix.com (1996), ChicagoSports.com (1999), ChicagoBreakingNews.com (2008), and ChicagoNow.com (2009). In 2002, the paper launched a tabloid edition targeted at 18- to 34-year-olds known as RedEye.
The 2000s[link]
Ann Marie Lipinski was the paper's editor from February 2001 until stepping down on July 17, 2008. Gerould W. Kern was named the paper's editor in July 2008.[1] In early August 2008, managing editor for news Hanke Gratteau resigned, and several weeks later, managing editor for features James Warren resigned as well.[38] Both were replaced by Jane Hirt, who previously had been the editor of the Tribune's RedEye tabloid.[38]
In June 2000, Times Mirror merged with Tribune Company making The Baltimore Sun and its community papers Baltimore Sun Media Group / Patuxent Publishing a subsidiary of Tribune.[39][40]
Tribune's Baltimore Community papers include Arbutus Times, Baltimore Messenger, Catonsville Times, Columbia Flier, Howard County Times, The Jeffersonian, Laurel Leader, Lifetimes, North County News, Northeast Booster, Northeast Reporter, Owings Mills Times, and Towson Times.
The Howard County Times (www.explorehoward.com) was named 2010 Newspaper of the Year by the Suburban Newspaper Association.[41]
The Towson Times expands coverage beyond the Towson area and includes Baltimore County government and politics.[42][43]
The Tribune won five Pulitzer prizes in the first decade of the 21st century.[19] Salopek won his second Pulitzer for the Tribune in 2001 for international reporting, and that same year an explanatory reporting team—lead writers of which were Louise Kiernan, Jon Hilkevitch, Laurie Cohen, Robert Manor, Andrew Martin, John Schmeltzer, Alex Rodriguez and Andrew Zajac—won the honor for a profile of the chaotic U.S. air traffic system.[19][44] In 2003, editorial writer Cornelia Grumman snagged the award for editorial writing.[19] In 2005, Julia Keller won a Pulitzer for feature reporting on a tornado that struck Utica, Illinois.[19] And, in 2008, an investigative reporting team including Patricia Callahan, Maurice Possley, Sam Roe, Ted Gregory, Michael Oneal and Evan Osnos won the Pulitzer for its series about faulty government regulation of defective toys, cribs and car seats.[19][45]
In late 2001, sports columnist Michael Holley announced he was leaving the Tribune after just two months because he was homesick.[46] He ultimately returned to the Boston Globe, where he had been working immediately before the Tribune had hired him.[46]
On September 15, 2002, Lipinski wrote a terse, page-one note informing readers that the paper's longtime columnist, Bob Greene, resigned effective immediately after acknowledging "engaging in inappropriate sexual conduct some years ago with a girl in her late teens whom he met in connection with his newspaper column." The conduct later was revealed to have occurred in 1988 with a woman who was of the age of consent in Illinois. "Greene's behavior was a serious violation of Tribune ethics and standards for its journalists," Lipinski wrote. "We deeply regret the conduct, its effect on the young woman and the impact this disclosure has on the trust our readers placed in Greene and this newspaper."[47][48]
In March 2004, the Tribune announced that free-lance reporter Uli Schmetzer, who retired from the Tribune in 2002 after 16 years as a foreign correspondent, had fabricated the name and occupation of a person he had quoted in a story. The paper terminated Schmetzer as a contract reporter and began a review of the 300 stories that Schmetzer had written over the prior three years.[49]
In May 2004, the Tribune revealed that free-lance reporter Mark Falanga was unable to verify some facts that he inserted in a lifestyle-related column that ran on April 18, 2004, about an expensive lunch at a Chicago restaurant—namely, that the restaurant charged $15 for a bottle of water and $35 for a pasta entree. "Upon questioning, the freelance writer indicated the column was based on an amalgam of three restaurants and could not verify the prices," the paper noted.[50][51] After the correction, the Tribune stopped using Falanga.
In October 2004, Tribune editor Ann Marie Lipinski at the last minute spiked a story written for the paper's WomanNews section by free-lance reporter Lisa Bertagnoli titled "You c_nt say that (or can you?)," about a noted vulgarism.[52] The paper ordered every spare body to go to the Tribune's printing plant to pull already-printed WomanNews sections containing the story from the Wednesday, October 27, 2004, package of preprinted sections in the Tribune.[52]
In September 2008, the Tribune considered hiring controversial sports columnist Jay Mariotti, shortly after his abrupt resignation from Tribune archrival Chicago Sun-Times.[53] Discussions ultimately ended, however, after the Sun-Times threatened to sue for violating Mariotti's noncompete agreement, which was to run until August 2009.[53]
In April 2009, 55 Tribune reporters and editors signed their names to an e-mail sent to Kern and managing editor Jane Hirt, questioning why the newspaper's marketing department had solicited subscribers' opinions on stories before they were published, and suggesting that the practice raised ethical questions as well as legal and competitive issues.[54] Among those who signed off on the e-mail were reporters John D. McCormick and Rick Kogan.[55] Reporters declined to speak on the record to the Associated Press about their issues. "We'll let the e-mail speak for itself," reporter John Chase told the AP.[54] In the wake of the controversy, Kern abruptly discontinued the effort, which he described as "a brief market research project."[54]
In the first decade of the 21st century, the Tribune had multiple rounds of reductions of staff through layoffs and buyouts as it has coped with the industrywide declines in advertising revenues:
- In December 2005, the Tribune eliminated 28 editorial positions through a combination of buyouts and layoffs, including what were believed to be the first layoffs in the paper's history.[56] Among the reporters who left the paper in that round were Carol Kleiman, Bill Jauss and Connie Lauerman.[56]
- In June 2007, about 25 newsroom employees took buyouts, including well-known bylines like Charles Madigan, Michael Hirsley and Ronald Kotulak, along with noted photographer Pete Souza.[57]
- In March 2008, the paper gave buyouts to about 25 newsroom employees, including sportswriter Sam Smith.[58]
- On August 15, 2008, the Tribune laid-off more than 40 newsroom and other editorial employees, including reporters Rick Popely, Ray Quintanilla, Lew Freedman, Michael Martinez and Robert Manor; also Gail Glaser and Bodhan Pauk.[59]
- Also in August 2008, about 36 editorial employees took voluntary buyouts or resigned, including well-known bylines like Michael Tackett, Ron Silverman, Timothy McNulty, Ed Sherman, Evan Osnos, Steve Franklin, Maurice Possley, Hanke Gratteau, Chuck Osgood and Skip Myslenski.[59][60][61][62]
- On November 12, 2008, five editorial employees in the paper's Washington, D.C. bureau were laid off, including John Crewdson.[63]
- On December 4, 2008, about 11 newsroom employees were laid-off, with one sports columnist, Mike Downey, having departed several weeks earlier when his contract was not renewed. Well-known bylines who were laid off included Neil Milbert, Stevenson Swanson, Lisa Anderson, Phil Marty, Charles Storch, Courtney Flynn and Deborah Horan.[64]
- In February 2009, the Tribune laid off about 20 editorial employees, including several foreign correspondents, and some feature reporters and editors, although several, including Charles Leroux and Jeff Lyon, technically took buyouts. Among those who were fired were reporters Emily Nunn, Susan Chandler, Christine Spolar and Joel Greenberg.[65][66][67]
- On April 22, 2009, the paper laid off 53 newsroom employees, including well-known bylines like Patrick Reardon, Melissa Isaacson, Russell Working, Jo Napolitano, Susan Diesenhouse, Beth Botts, Lou Carlozo, Jessica Reaves, Tom Hundley, Alan Artner, Eric Benderoff, James P. Miller, Bob Sakamoto, Terry Bannon and John Mullin.[68] That number was less than the 90 newsroom jobs that Crain's Chicago Business previously had reported were to be eliminated.[66][69]
The Tribune broke the story on Friday, May 29, 2009, that several students had been admitted to the University of Illinois based upon connections or recommendations by the school's Board of Trustees, Chicago politicians, and members of the Rod Blagojevich administration. Initially denying the existence of a so-called "Category I" admissions program, university President B. Joseph "Joe" White and Chancellor Richard Herman later admitted that there were instances of preferential treatment. Although they claimed the list was short and their role was minor, the Tribune, in particular, revealed emails through a FOIA finding that White had received a recommendation for a relative of convicted fundraiser Tony Rezko to be admitted. The Tribune also later posted emails from Herman pushing for underqualified students to be accepted.[70][71] The Tribune has since filed suit against the University administration under the Freedom of Information Act to acquire the names of students benefited by administrative clout and impropriety.
The 2010s[link]
On February 8, 2010, the Chicago Tribune shrank its newspaper's width by an inch. They cited that the new format was becoming the industry standard and that there would be minimal content changes.
In July 2011, the Chicago Tribune underwent its first round of layoffs of editorial employees in more than two years, letting go about 20 editors and reporters.[72] Among those let go were health care business reporter Bruce Japsen, DuPage County reporter Art Barnum, Editorial Board member Pat Widder and photographer Dave Pierini.[72][73]
Editorial policy[link]
In a 2007 statement of principles published in the Tribune's print and online editions, the paper's editorial board described the newspaper's philosophy, from which is excerpted the following:
- The Chicago Tribune believes in the traditional principles of limited government; maximum individual responsibility; minimum restriction of personal liberty, opportunity and enterprise. It believes in free markets, free will and freedom of expression. These principles, while traditionally conservative, are guidelines and not reflexive dogmas.
- The Tribune brings a Midwestern sensibility to public debate. It is suspicious of untested ideas.
- The Tribune places great emphasis on the integrity of government and the private institutions that play a significant role in society. The newspaper does this in the belief that the people cannot consent to be governed unless they have knowledge of, and faith in, the leaders and operations of government. The Tribune embraces the diversity of people and perspectives in its community. It is dedicated to the future of the Chicago region.
The Tribune has remained economically conservative, being widely skeptical of increasing the minimum wage and entitlement spending. Although the Tribune criticized the Bush administration's record on civil liberties, the environment, and many aspects of its foreign policy, it continued to support his presidency while taking Democrats, such as Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich and Cook County Board President Todd Stroger, to task and calling for their removal from office.
In 2004, the Tribune endorsed President George W. Bush for re-election, a decision consistent with its longstanding support for the Republican Party. The Chicago Tribune endorsed Chicago area politician and Illinois junior U.S. Senator Barack Obama in 2008.[74]
The Tribune has previously backed independent candidates. In 1872, it supported Horace Greeley, a former Republican Party newspaper editor,[75] and in 1912 the paper endorsed Theodore Roosevelt, who ran on the Progressive Party slate against Republican President William Howard Taft.
Over the years, the Tribune has endorsed Democrats for lesser offices, including recent endorsements of Bill Foster, Barack Obama for the Senate and Democrat Melissa Bean, who defeated Philip Crane, the House of Representatives' longest-serving Republican. Though the Tribune endorsed George Ryan in the 1998 Illinois gubernatorial race, the paper subsequently investigated and reported on the scandals surrounding Ryan during his preceding years as Secretary of State. Ryan declined to stand for re-election in 2002 and was subsequently indicted, convicted and imprisoned as a result of the scandal.
Tribune Company[link]
The Chicago Tribune is the founding business unit of Tribune Company, which includes many newspapers and television stations around the country. In Chicago, Tribune owns the WGN radio station (720 AM) and WGN-TV (Channel 9). Tribune Company also owns the Los Angeles Times -- which displaced the Tribune as the company's largest property—and the Chicago Cubs baseball team. The Cubs were sold in 2009.
Tribune Company owned The New York Daily News from its 1919 founding until its 1991 sale to Robert Maxwell. The founder of the News, Capt. Joseph Patterson and Col. McCormick, were both descendants of Medill. Both were also enthusiasts of simplified spelling, another hallmark of their papers for many years. Tribune Company sold the Long Island newspaper Newsday in 2008.
Since 1925, the Chicago Tribune has been housed in the Tribune Tower on North Michigan Avenue on the Magnificent Mile. The building is neo-Gothic in style, and the design was the winner of an international competition hosted by the Tribune.
On June 25, 2008, the Tribune company announced they had hired a real estate company to entertain bids of the sale of both the Tribune Tower in Chicago, and the Times Building in Los Angeles. The Los Angeles Times, is also owned by the Tribune Company.[76]
Columnists[link]
Current[link] |
Past[link]
|
2008 redesign[link]
The September 2008 redesign (discussed here[77] on the Tribune's web site) was controversial and is largely regarded as an effort in cost-cutting.[78] Since then the newspaper has returned to a more toned down style. The style is more a mix of the old style and a new modern style.
Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection[link]
After a $124 million dollar third-quarter loss, the Tribune Company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on December 8, 2008. The company made its filing with the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the District of Delaware, citing a debt of $13 billion and assets of $7.6 billion.[79]
As part of its bankruptcy plan, owner Sam Zell intended to sell the Cubs to reduce debt. This sale has become linked to the corruption charges leading to the December 9, 2008, arrest of former Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich. Specifically, the ex-governor was accused of exploiting the paper's financial trouble in an effort to have several editors fired.[80]
Prices[link]
The Tribune prices are: $1 Daily, $1.99/$1.75 Sunday/Thanksgiving Day. The Tribune on weekdays was $0.75 until January 18, 2010, when it was raised to $1.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b Article about resignation of Ann Marie Lipinski in The New York Times
- ^ "Circulation numbers for the 25 largest newspapers". The Boston Globe. 2010-10-25. http://www.boston.com/business/technology/articles/2011/11/01/circulation_numbers_for_the_25_largest_newspapers/.
- ^ "2008 Top 100 Daily Newspapers in the U.S. by Circulation" (PDF). BurrellesLuce. 2008-03-31. http://www.burrellesluce.com/top100/2008_Top_100List.pdf. Retrieved 2008-07-17.
- ^ "Tribune to launch tabloid for newsstands", The Chicago Tribune, January 13, 2009.
- ^ "-". ChicagoTribune.com. http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chi-070402tribune-zell,0,294383.story?coll=chi-news-hed. Retrieved 2010-11-07. [dead link]
- ^ (Wendt 1979, pp. 23, 27–28)
- ^ (Cole 1948, p. 14)
- ^ (Keefe 1971, p. 131)
- ^ (Keefe 1975, pp. 233–4)
- ^ Rushton, Wyatt (1916). Joseph Medill and the Chicago Tribune (thesis). University of Wisconsin–Madison via Google Books full view. http://books.google.com/books?id=gcc7AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA7-IA2. Retrieved 2007-10-24. and White, James Terry (1895). The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography: Being the History of the United States. James T. White & Company, via New York Public Library via Google Books full view. http://books.google.com/books?id=Td0DAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA224. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
- ^ Robert Norton Smith (June 10, 1997). Chapter 1, The Colonel, The Life and Legend of Robert R. McCormick 1880-1955. Houghton Mifflin Co. via The New York Times Company. ISBN 0-395-53379-1. http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/smith-colonel.html. Retrieved 2007-10-24.
- ^ (Wendt 1979, pp. 57–65)
- ^ (Cole 1948, p. 66)
- ^ (Wendt 1979, pp. 28, 69, 84–86, 127–128)
- ^ a b c "Robert R. McCormick," Current Biography 1941, pp. 545-47.
- ^ "Chicago Tribune I". Spelling Society. http://www.spellingsociety.org/journals/j24/shipley1.php. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Newseum
- ^ Popper, Nathaniel (August 1, 2010). "Security, glitz the rule at the Clinton Wedding". Chicago Tribune: p. 27.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j [1][dead link]
- ^ Kirkpatrick, Clayton (December 7, 1975). "Reporting the news". Chicago Tribune: p. 4.
- ^ "The Sad Saga of Bob Greene - Chicago magazine - March 2003 - Chicago". Chicagomag.com. http://www.chicagomag.com/Chicago-Magazine/March-2003/The-Sad-Saga-of-Bob-Greene/index.php?cparticle=6&siarticle=5#artanc. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Crimmins, Jerry; Rick Kogan (April 30, 1997). "Mike Royko 1932-1997 - Newspaper legend Mike Royko dies - Pulitzer prize-winning columnist was the voice of Chicago for more than 30 years". Chicago Tribune: p. 1.
- ^ "Film critic comes to defense of rival Siskel". The Bulletin. 1986-04-22. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1243&dat=19860422&id=AmIPAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7oYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5742,2075741. Retrieved 2010-11-07.
- ^ Michael Miner (1993-05-21). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1993/930521/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1993/930521/HOTTYPE&search=Siskel%20and%20Squires. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Blau, Robert (November 20, 1992). "Trib newsman charged in sex case". Chicago Tribune: p. 6.
- ^ "Former editor pleads guilty in sex-abuse case, gets 3 years". Chicago Tribune: p. 3. April 13, 1993.
- ^ Michael Miner (1993-11-05). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1993/931105/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1993/931105/HOTTYPE&search=%22David%20Evans%22. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Michael Miner (1993-12-17). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1993/931217/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1993/931217/HOTTYPE&search=%22Nicholas%20Horrock%22. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Michael Miner (1993-12-17). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1993/931217/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1993/931217/HOTTYPE&search=%22Margaret%20Holt%22. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Michael Miner (1995-08-04). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1995/950804/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1995/950804/HOTTYPE&search=%22Margaret%20Holt%22. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Chicago magazine | The Sad Saga of Bob Greene". Chicagomag.com. http://www.chicagomag.com/core/pagetools.php?pageid=5456&url=/Chicago-Magazine/March-2003/The-Sad-Saga-of-Bob-Greene/&mode=print. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Roderick, Kevin (2005-11-14). "Brenda You, 38, possible suicide *". LA Observed. http://www.laobserved.com/archive/2005/11/brenda_you.php. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Michael Miner (1994-04-15). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1994/940415/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1994/940415/HOTTYPE&search=Perkins. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Michael Miner (1994-12-16). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1994/941216/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1994/941216/HOTTYPE&search=Perkins. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Michael Miner (1996-01-05). "Reader Archive-Extract: 1996/960105/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1996/960105/HOTTYPE&search=%22one-year%20residency%22. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Tyner, Howard (September 2, 1997). "Introducing a new column by John Kass". Chicago Tribune: p. 1.
- ^ Michael Miner. "Reader Archive-Extract: 1998/980703/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=1998/980703/HOTTYPE&search=Ovie. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ a b Miner, Michael (2008-08-21). "Hirt In; Warren Out | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/08/21/hirt-warren-out/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ http://www.baltimoresun.com/about/bal-about-sun,0,7001763.htmlstory
- ^ http://www.baltimoresun.com/about/bal-about-sun-execpro,0,4434764.htmlstory
- ^ http://corporate.tribune.com/pressroom/?p=2102
- ^ http://www.explorebaltimorecounty.com/
- ^ http://www.patuxent.com/publications.html
- ^ Davey, Monica (April 17, 2001). "Tribune awarded 2 Pulitzers". Chicago Tribune: p. 6.
- ^ Miner, Michael (2008-02-19). "Tribune, blogger win Polk awards | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/02/19/tribune-blogger-win-polk-awards/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ a b Michael Miner. "Reader Archive-Extract: 2001/011214/HOTTYPE". Securesite.chireader.com. https://securesite.chireader.com/cgi-bin/Archive/abridged2.bat?path=2001/011214/HOTTYPE&search=Holley. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Lipinski, Ann Marie (September 15, 2002). "To our readers". Chicago Tribune: p. 1.
- ^ Pappu, Sridhar. "Articles & Archives". Chicago Reader. http://www.chicagoreader.com/hottype/2002/020920_1.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Wycliff, Don (March 5, 2004). "From the Public Editor - How a journalist's career came undone". Chicago Tribune: p. 27.
- ^ Falanga, Mark (April 18, 2004). "Mr. Big City feels like Mr. Big Idiot". Chicago Tribune: p. 11.
- ^ "Corrections and Clarifications". Chicago Tribune: p. 2. May 9, 2004.
- ^ a b Joravsky, Ben. "Articles & Archives". Chicago Reader. http://www.chicagoreader.com/hottype/2004/041105_1.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ a b Kirk, Jim (2008-09-16). "Former Sun-Times columnist Mariotti not joining Tribune - Chicago Tribune". Archives.chicagotribune.com. http://archives.chicagotribune.com/2008/sep/16/magazine/red-080916mariotti-talks. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ a b c "Reader survey of stories roils Tribune newsroom". Breitbart.com. 2008-11-04. http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D97T45Q80&show_article=1. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Swartz, Mark. "Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2009/05/01/marketing-and-packaging-news-tribune/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ a b Rosenthal, Phil (December 2, 2005). "28 newsroom jobs, New City News cut by Tribune". Chicago Tribune: p. 1.
- ^ "Community Media Workshop". Newstips.org. http://www.newstips.org/print.php?section=&main_id=762. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Miner, Michael (2008-03-19). "Is Alan Solomon crazy? | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/03/19/alan-solomon-crazy/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ a b Miner, Michael (2008-08-17). "The Tribune casualty list | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/08/17/tribune-casualty-list/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Miner, Michael (2008-08-18). "Paul Salopek Correction | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/08/18/paul-salopek-correction/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Miner, Michael (2008-08-18). "More Trib Losses | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/08/18/more-trib-losses/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Rosenthal, Phil (August 16, 2008). "Tribune cuts 40 more in newsroom - 2-week total 80 as paper works to stem losses". Chicago Tribune: p. 3.
- ^ Miner, Michael (2008-11-12). "Tribune lays off John Crewdson, others | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/11/12/tribune-lays-john-crewdson-others/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Miner, Michael (2008-12-04). "More Tribune layoffs | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2008/12/04/more-tribune-layoffs/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Chicago Tribune trims newsroom staff | Crain's Chicago Business". Chicagobusiness.com. 2009-02-12. http://www.chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?id=32995. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ a b "Trib to pare newsroom 20% | Crain's Chicago Business". Chicagobusiness.com. 2009-04-13. http://www.chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?id=33660. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Miner, Michael (2009-02-12). "More layoffs at Tribune | The Blog | Chicago Reader". Blogs.chicagoreader.com. http://blogs.chicagoreader.com/news-bites/2009/02/12/more-layoffs-tribune/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ Miner, Michael (2009-04-22). "53 out at Tribune - victims of "changing priorities" | The Blog". Chicago Reader. http://www.chicagoreader.com/TheBlog/archives/2009/04/22/53-out-at-tribune--victims-of-changing-priorities. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Crain's: Chicago Tribune to Lay Off 20 Percent of Newsroom « News Cycle". Newscycle.wordpress.com. http://newscycle.wordpress.com/2009/04/13/crains-chicago-tribune-to-lay-off-20-percent-of-newsroom/. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Pols press for hearings in UI's 'Cloutgate' scandal". The News-Gazette.com. 2009-06-09. http://www.news-gazette.com/news/local/2009/06/09/pols_press_for_hearings_in_uis_cloutgate_scandal. Retrieved 2009-09-26. [dead link]
- ^ "U. of I. leaders urged to resign". Chicago Breaking News. 2009-06-07. http://www.chicagobreakingnews.com/2009/06/university-of-illinois-boland-white.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ a b http://timeoutchicago.com/arts-culture/chicago-media-blog/14864443/newsroom-layoffs-show-tribune%E2%80%99s-true-colors
- ^ http://timeoutchicago.com/arts-culture/chicago-media-blog/14865769/radio-101-new-station-has-a-lot-to-learn-before-it%E2%80%99s-ready-
- ^ "Tribune Endorsement: Barack Obama for president". Chicago Tribune (Chicago Tribune). 2008-10-17. http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/opinion/chi-chicago-tribune-endorsement,0,1371034.story. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
- ^ "To-morrow". Chicago Daily Tribune (Chicago Tribune): p. 4. 1872-11-04.
- ^ "Tribune may sell tower". Chicago Real Estate Daily. 2008-06-25. http://www.chicagorealestatedaily.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?id=29958. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "It's a whole new day: Your guide to the new Chicago Tribune". chicagotribune.com. http://www.chicagotribune.com/chi-tribune-redesign-htmlpage,0,7090729.htmlpage. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Trib buries news in redesign test | Crain's Chicago Business". Chicagobusiness.com. 2008-07-21. http://www.chicagobusiness.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?id=30261&seenIt=1. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Tribune Co. files for bankruptcy protection - Business Courier of Cincinnati:". Bizjournals.com. 2008-12-09. http://www.bizjournals.com/cincinnati/stories/2008/12/08/daily16.html. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
- ^ "Paper Cuts: Did Chicago Tribune Owner Cut Deal to Fire His Editor? - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. http://www.abcnews.go.com/Blotter/Story?id=6426449&page=1. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
Further reading[link]
- Cole, Bruce M. (1948), The Chicago Press and the Know Nothings 1850-1856, M.A. Dissertation, University of Chicago
- Keefe, Thomas M. (1971), "Chicago's Flirtation With Political Nativism", Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia 82: 131–158, ISSN 0002-7790
- Keefe, Thomas M. (1975), "The Catholic Issue in the Chicago Tribune Before the Civil War", Mid-America (Loyola University) 57 (4): 227–245, ISSN: 0026-2927
- Wendt, Lloyd (1979), Chicago Tribune: The Rise of a Great American Newspaper, Chicago: Rand McNally, ISBN 0-528-81826-0
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chicago Tribune |
- Official website
- Official mobile web site
- Chicago Tribune Archives (1852 to present)
- Official Chicago Tribune Archive Photographs Store
- Tribune Company corporate web site
- Tribune Group Overview (external corporate profile)
- Janet A. Ginsburg Chicago Tribune Collection (1880s to 1940s) (searchable database of 12,000 images on 5,500 pages, digitized and available for all educational uses worldwide)
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_Tribune
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. city. For the broadway musical, see Chicago (musical). For the train, see City of Chicago (train). For other uses, see Chicago (disambiguation).
| Chicago | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| — City — | |||
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| Nickname(s): The Windy City, The Second City, Chi-Town, Hog Butcher for the World, City of Big Shoulders, The City That Works, White City, and others found at List of nicknames for Chicago | |||
| Motto: Latin: Urbs in Horto (City in a Garden), Make Big Plans (Make No Small Plans), I Will | |||
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 Chicago
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| Coordinates: 41°52′55″N 87°37′40″W / 41.88194°N 87.62778°W / 41.88194; -87.62778Coordinates: 41°52′55″N 87°37′40″W / 41.88194°N 87.62778°W / 41.88194; -87.62778 | |||
| Country | United States | ||
| State | Illinois | ||
| Counties | Cook, DuPage | ||
| Settled | 1770s | ||
| Incorporated | March 4, 1837 | ||
| Named for | Miami-Illinois: shikaakwa ("Wild onion") |
||
| Government | |||
| • Type | Mayor–council | ||
| • Mayor | Rahm Emanuel (D) | ||
| • City Council | |||
| Area | |||
| • City | 234.0 sq mi (606.1 km2) | ||
| • Land | 227.2 sq mi (588 km2) | ||
| • Water | 6.9 sq mi (18 km2) 3.0% | ||
| • Urban | 2,122.8 sq mi (5,498 km2) | ||
| • Metro | 10,874 sq mi (28,160 km2) | ||
| Elevation | 597 ft (182 m) | ||
| Population (2010 Census)[1][2] | |||
| • City | 2,695,598 | ||
| • Rank | 3rd US | ||
| • Density | 11,864.4/sq mi (4,447.4/km2) | ||
| • Urban | 8,711,000 | ||
| • Metro | 9,461,105 | ||
| Demonym | Chicagoan | ||
| Time zone | CST (UTC−06:00) | ||
| • Summer (DST) | CDT (UTC−05:00) | ||
| Area code(s) | 312, 773, 872 | ||
| Website | cityofchicago.org | ||
| [3] | |||
Chicago (
i/ʃɪˈkɑːɡoʊ/ or /ʃɪˈkɔːɡoʊ/) is the largest city in the US state of Illinois and the third most populous city in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The city has around 2.7 million residents.[1] Its metropolitan area, sometimes called "Chicagoland", is the third largest in the United States,[4][5][6] with an estimated 9.8 million people. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County,[7] though a small portion also extends into DuPage County.
Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed.[8] Today, Chicago is listed as an alpha+ global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network, and ranks seventh in the world on the 2012 Global Cities Index. The city retains its status as an international hub for finance, industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O'Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. In 2008[update], the city hosted 45.6 million domestic and overseas visitors.[9] Among metropolitan areas, Chicago has the 4th largest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the world, ranking just behind Tokyo, New York City, and Los Angeles.[10] Chicago is one of the most important Worldwide Centers of Commerce and trade.
Chicago's notoriety has found expression in numerous forms of popular culture, including novels, plays, movies, songs, various types of journals (for example, sports, entertainment, business, trade, and academic), and the news media. The city has many nicknames, which reflect the impressions and opinions about historical and contemporary Chicago. The best known include: "Chi-town", "Windy City," "Second City,"[n 1] and the "City of the Big Shoulders."[n 2]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of Chicago
See also: Origin of the name "Windy City"
During the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, who had taken the place of the Miami and Sauk and Fox peoples. The 1780s saw the arrival of the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago, Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, who is believed to be of Haitian and French descent.[12] In 1795, following the Northwest Indian War, an area that was to be part of Chicago was turned over by some Native Americans in the Treaty of Greenville to the United States for a military post.
In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in the War of 1812, Battle of Fort Dearborn. The Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1804 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were eventually forcibly removed from their land following the Treaty of Chicago in 1833. On August 12, 1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of around 200 at that time.[13] Within seven years it would grow to a population of over 4,000. On the 15th day of June, 1835, the first public land sales commenced with Edmund Dick Taylor as U.S. receiver of public moneys. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4, 1837.
The name "Chicago" is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, translated as "wild onion" or "wild garlic," from the Miami-Illinois language.[14][15][16][17] The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as "Checagou" was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir written about the time.[18] The wild garlic plants, Allium tricoccum, were described by LaSalle's comrade, naturalist-diarist Henri Joutel, in his journal of LaSalle's last expedition.[19][20]
As the site of the Chicago Portage, the city emerged as an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicago's first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, opened in 1848, which also marked the opening of the Illinois and Michigan Canal. The canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants abroad. Manufacturing and retail sectors became dominant among Midwestern cities, influencing the American economy, particularly in meatpacking, with the advent of the refrigerated rail car and the regional centrality of the city's Union Stock Yards.[21]
In the 1850s Chicago gained national political prominence as the home of Senator Stephen Douglas, the champion of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and "popular sovereignty" approach to the issue of the spread of slavery.[22] These issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage. Lincoln was nominated in Chicago for the nation's presidency at the 1860 Republican National Convention and went on to defeat Douglas in the general election, setting the stage for the American Civil War.
To accommodate rapid population growth and demand for better sanitation, the city implemented various infrastructural improvements. In February 1856, the Chesbrough plan for the building of the United States' first comprehensive sewerage system was approved by the Common Council.[23] The project raised much of central Chicago to a new grade. While raising Chicago, and at first improving the health of the city, the untreated sewage and industrial waste now flowed into the Chicago River, then into Lake Michigan, polluting the primary source of fresh water for the city. The city responded by tunneling two miles (3 km) out into Lake Michigan to newly built water cribs. In 1900, the problem of sewage contamination was largely resolved when the city reversed the flow of the Chicago River so that it flowed away from Lake Michigan, rather than into it. This project began with the construction and improvement of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, and was completed with the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal that connects to the Illinois River, which flows into the Mississippi River.
In 1871, the Great Chicago Fire broke out, destroying an area of about 4 miles long and 1 mile wide, a large section of the city at the time. Much of the city, including railroads and stockyards, survived intact, and from the ruins of the previous wooden structures arose more modern constructions of steel and stone which would set the precedent for worldwide construction.[24] During its rebuilding period, Chicago constructed the world's first skyscraper in 1885, using steel-skeleton construction.[25] Labor conflicts and unrest followed, including the Haymarket affair on May 4, 1886. Concern for social problems among Chicago's lower classes led Jane Addams to be a co-founder of Hull House in 1889. Programs developed there became a model for the new field of social work.
During the 1870s and 1880s, Chicago attained national stature as the leader in the movement to improve public health. City, and later state laws, that upgraded standards for the medical profession and fought urban epidemics of cholera, small pox, and yellow fever were not only passed, but also enforced. These in turn became templates for public health reform in many other cities and states.[26] The city invested in many large, well-landscaped municipal parks, which also included public sanitation facilities. The chief advocate and driving force for improving public health in Chicago was Dr. John H. Rauch, M.D., who established a plan for Chicago's park system in 1866, created Lincoln Park by closing a cemetery filled with festering, shallow graves, and helped establish a new Chicago Board of Health in 1867 in response to an outbreak of cholera. Ten years later he became the secretary and then the president of the first Illinois State Board of Health, which carried out most of its activities in Chicago.[27]
In the 19th century, Chicago became the nation's railroad center, a title it still holds. In 1883, the standardized system of North American Time Zones was adopted by the general time convention of railway managers in Chicago.[28] This gave the continent its uniform system for telling time.
In 1893, Chicago hosted the World's Columbian Exposition on former marshland at the present location of Jackson Park. The Exposition drew 27.5 million visitors, and is considered the most influential world's fair in history.[29] The University of Chicago was founded in 1892 on the same South Side location. The term "midway" for a fair or carnival referred originally to the Midway Plaisance, a strip of park land that still runs through the University of Chicago campus and connects Washington and Jackson Parks.
Chicago's flourishing economy attracted huge numbers of new immigrants from Europe and migrants from the eastern states. Of the total population in 1900 not less than 77% were foreign-born, or born in the United States of foreign parentage. Germans, Irish, Poles, Swedes and Czechs made up nearly two-thirds of the foreign-born population.[30] In 1900, whites were 98.1% of the city's population.[31]
20th and 21st centuries[link]
The 1920s saw gangsters, including Al Capone, battle law enforcement and each other on the streets of Chicago during the Prohibition era.[32] In 1924, Chicago was the first American city to have a homosexual-rights organization, the Society for Human Rights. This organization produced the first American publication for gays, Friendship and Freedom.
The 1920s also saw a major expansion in industry. The availability of jobs attracted blacks from the South. Between 1910 and 1930, the black population of Chicago dramatically increased from 44,103 to 233,903.[33] Arriving in the hundreds of thousands during the Great Migration, the newcomers had an immense cultural impact. It was during this wave that Chicago became a center for jazz, with King Oliver leading the way.[34]
In 1933, Chicago Mayor Anton Cermak was fatally wounded in Miami, Florida during a failed assassination attempt on President-elect Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 1933 and 1934, the city celebrated its centennial by hosting the Century of Progress International Exposition Worlds Fair.[35] The theme of the fair was technological innovation over the century since Chicago's founding.[36]
On December 2, 1942, physicist Enrico Fermi conducted the world's first controlled nuclear reaction at Chicago's University of Chicago as part of the top-secret Manhattan Project. This led to the creation of the atomic bomb by the United States, which it used in World War II in 1945.
Mayor Richard J. Daley was elected in 1955, in the era of machine politics. Starting in the early 1960s due to blockbusting, many white residents, as in most American cities, left the city for the suburbs. Whole neighborhoods were completely changed based on race. Structural changes in industry caused heavy losses of jobs for lower skilled workers. In 1966, James Bevel, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Albert Raby led the Chicago Open Housing Movement, which culminated in agreements between Mayor Richard J. Daley and the movement leaders. Two years later, the city hosted the tumultuous 1968 Democratic National Convention, which featured physical confrontations both inside and outside the convention hall, including full-scale riots, or in some cases police riots, in city streets. Major construction projects, including the Sears Tower (now known as the Willis Tower, which in 1974 became the world's tallest building), University of Illinois at Chicago, McCormick Place, and O'Hare International Airport, were undertaken during Richard J. Daley's tenure. When Richard J. Daley died, Michael Anthony Bilandic served as mayor for three years. Bilandic's subsequent loss in a primary election has been attributed to the city's inability to properly plow city streets during a heavy snowstorm. In 1979, Jane Byrne, the city's first female mayor, was elected. She popularized the city further as a movie location and tourist destination.
In 1983, Harold Washington became the first African American to be elected to the office of mayor, in one of the closest mayoral elections in Chicago. After Washington won the Democratic primary, racial motivations caused a few Democratic alderman and ward committeemen to back the Republican candidate Bernard Epton, who ran on the race-baiting slogan Before it's too late.[37] Washington's term in office saw new attention given to poor and minority neighborhoods. Washington died in office of a heart attack in 1987, shortly after being elected to a second term. The balance of Washington's second term was served by 6th ward Alderman Eugene Sawyer. Richard M. Daley, son of Richard J. Daley, was elected in 1989. His accomplishments included improvements to parks and creating incentives for sustainable development. After successfully standing for reelection five times and becoming Chicago's longest serving Mayor, Richard M. Daley announced he would step down at the end of his final term in 2011.
On February 23, 2011, former White House chief of staff and congressman Rahm Emanuel won the municipal election to succeed Daley, beating five rivals with 55 percent of the vote. The other five candidates split the remaining 45 percent of votes.[38] Emanuel was sworn in as Mayor on May 16, 2011.
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Chicago
Topography[link]
Chicago is located in northeastern Illinois at the southwestern tip of Lake Michigan. It is the principal city in Chicago Metropolitan Area situated in the Midwestern United States and the Great Lakes region. Chicago rests on a continental divide at the site of the Chicago Portage, connecting the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes watersheds. The city lies beside freshwater Lake Michigan, and two rivers— the Chicago River in downtown and the Calumet River in the industrial far South Side – flow entirely or partially through Chicago. The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal connects the Chicago River with the Des Plaines River, which runs to the west of the city. Chicago's history and economy are closely tied to its proximity to Lake Michigan. While the Chicago River historically handled much of the region's waterborne cargo, today's huge lake freighters use the city's Lake Calumet Harbor on the South Side. The lake also provides another positive effect, moderating Chicago's climate; making waterfront neighborhoods slightly warmer in winter and cooler in summer.
When Chicago was founded in 1833, most of the early building began around the mouth of the Chicago River, as can be seen on a map of the city's original 58 blocks.[39] The overall grade of the city's central, built-up areas, is relatively consistent with the natural flatness of its overall natural geography, generally exhibiting only slight differentiation otherwise. The average land elevation is 579 ft (176 m) above sea level. The lowest points are along the lake shore at 577 ft (176 m), while the highest point, at 735 ft (224 m), is a landfill located in the Hegewisch community area on the city's far south side.
The Chicago Loop is the central business district, but Chicago is also a city of neighborhoods. Lake Shore Drive runs adjacent to a large portion of Chicago's lakefront. Some of the parks along the waterfront include Lincoln Park, Grant Park, Burnham Park and Jackson Park. 29 public beaches are also found along the shore. Landfill extends into portions of the lake providing space for Navy Pier, Northerly Island, the Museum Campus, and large portions of the McCormick Place Convention Center. Most of the city's high-rise commercial and residential buildings can be found close to the waterfront.
An informal name for the Chicago metropolitan area is Chicagoland, used primarily by copywriters, advertising agencies, and traffic reporters. There is no precise definition for the term "Chicagoland," but it generally means the city and its suburbs together. The Chicago Tribune, which coined the term, includes the city of Chicago, the rest of Cook County, eight nearby Illinois counties: Lake, McHenry, DuPage, Kane, Kendall, Grundy, Will and Kankakee, and three counties in Indiana: Lake, Porter and LaPorte.[40] The Illinois Department of Tourism defines Chicagoland as Cook County without the city of Chicago, and only Lake, DuPage, Kane and Will counties.[41] The Chicagoland Chamber of Commerce defines it as all of Cook and DuPage, Kane, Lake, McHenry and Will counties.[42]
Climate[link]
Main article: Climate of Chicago
The city lies within the humid continental climate zone, and experiences four distinct seasons. Summers are hot and humid, with a July daily average of 84.7 °F (29.3 °C). In a normal summer, temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 21 days.[43] Winters are cold, snowy, and windy, with some sunny days, and with a January average of 23.5 °F (−4.7 °C). Temperatures often (43 days) stay below freezing for an entire day, and lows below 0 °F (−18 °C) occur on eight nights per year.[43] Spring and fall are mild seasons with low humidity.
According to the National Weather Service, Chicago's highest official temperature reading of 107 °F (42 °C) was recorded on June 1, 1934, and July 11, 1936, both at Midway Airport. The lowest temperature of −27 °F (−33 °C) was recorded on January 20, 1985,[43] at O'Hare Airport. The city can experience extreme winter cold waves and summer heat waves that may last for several consecutive days. Severe weather is also common in the Chicago area, such as the F4 tornado that devastated the south side of the city on April 21, 1967. As well as the F-5 that ravaged some of the Southwest suburbs on August 28, 1990
| Chicago | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Climate data for Chicago (Midway Airport), 1981-2010 normals | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 67 (19) |
75 (24) |
86 (30) |
92 (33) |
102 (39) |
107 (42) |
106 (41) |
102 (39) |
101 (38) |
94 (34) |
81 (27) |
71 (22) |
107 (42) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 32.1 (0.1) |
36.5 (2.5) |
47.6 (8.7) |
60.0 (15.6) |
70.9 (21.6) |
80.6 (27.0) |
84.8 (29.3) |
82.6 (28.1) |
75.8 (24.3) |
63.2 (17.3) |
49.1 (9.5) |
35.8 (2.1) |
59.92 (15.51) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 18.5 (−7.5) |
22.2 (−5.4) |
31.2 (−0.4) |
41.3 (5.2) |
51.2 (10.7) |
61.4 (16.3) |
66.9 (19.4) |
65.7 (18.7) |
57.5 (14.2) |
45.5 (7.5) |
34.7 (1.5) |
22.7 (−5.2) |
43.23 (6.24) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −25 (−32) |
−20 (−29) |
−7 (−22) |
10 (−12) |
28 (−2) |
35 (2) |
46 (8) |
43 (6) |
34 (1) |
20 (−7) |
−3 (−19) |
−20 (−29) |
−25 (−32) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 2.05 (52.1) |
1.93 (49) |
2.73 (69.3) |
3.63 (92.2) |
4.12 (104.6) |
4.06 (103.1) |
4.01 (101.9) |
3.99 (101.3) |
3.31 (84.1) |
3.23 (82) |
3.42 (86.9) |
2.57 (65.3) |
39.05 (991.9) |
| Snowfall inches (cm) | 11.6 (29.5) |
9.6 (24.4) |
5.5 (14) |
1.0 (2.5) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.1 (0.3) |
1.3 (3.3) |
8.7 (22.1) |
37.8 (96) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.7 | 8.8 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 123.1 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.4 | 5.7 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 6.7 | 27.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 136.4 | 138.4 | 186.0 | 216.0 | 282.1 | 312.0 | 319.3 | 282.1 | 228.0 | 192.2 | 114.0 | 105.4 | 2,511.9 |
| Source no. 1: NOAA [44], The Weather Channel (records) [45] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: HKO (sun only, 1961−1990) [46] | |||||||||||||
Cityscape[link]
Architecture[link]
Further information: Architecture of Chicago, List of tallest buildings in Chicago, and List of Chicago Landmarks
The outcome of the Great Chicago Fire led to the largest building boom in the history of the nation. In 1885, the first steel-framed high-rise building, the Home Insurance Building, rose in the city as Chicago ushered in the skyscraper era, which would then be followed by many other cities around the world.[47] Today, Chicago's skyline is among the world's tallest and most dense.[48] The United States' two tallest towers are both located in Chicago; Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower, and the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere), and Trump International Hotel and Tower. The Loop's historic buildings include the Chicago Board of Trade Building, the Fine Arts Building, 35 East Wacker, and the Chicago Building, 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments by Mies van der Rohe. Many other architects have left their impression on the Chicago skyline such as Daniel Burnham, Louis Sullivan, Charles B. Atwood, John Root, and Helmut Jahn. The Merchandise Mart, once first on the list of largest buildings in the world, and still listed as 20th, has its own ZIP code, and stands near the junction of the North and South branches of the Chicago River. Presently, the four tallest buildings in the city are Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower, also a building with its own zip code), Trump International Hotel and Tower, the Aon Center (previously the Standard Oil Building), and the John Hancock Center. Industrial districts, such as some areas on the South Side, the areas along the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, and Northwest Indiana are clustered.
Chicago gave its name to the Chicago School and was home to the Prairie School, movements in architecture. Multiple kinds and scales of houses, townhouses, condominiums, and apartment buildings can be found in Chicago. Large swaths of Chicago's residential areas away from the lake are characterized by brick bungalows built from the early 20th century through the end of World War II. Chicago is also a prominent center of the Polish Cathedral style of church architecture. The Chicago suburb of Oak Park was home to famous architect Frank Lloyd Wright, who had designed The Robie House located near the University of Chicago as well as many prominent buildings across the country.
Unlike many Midwestern and East Coast cities, Chicago tends to have wider streets. A positive effect of this is that it alleviates the feeling of being engulfed by the city's large skyscrapers. Most of the city's residential streets also tend to have a wide patch of grass and/or trees located between the street and the sidewalk itself. This has the effect of keeping pedestrians walking on the sidewalk further away from the street traffic. Chicago's Western Avenue is the longest continuous urban street in the world. Other famous streets include North Michigan Avenue, North State Street, Clark, and Belmont Avenue. The City Beautiful movement inspired Chicago's boulevards and parkways.
Culture and contemporary life[link]
See also: Culture of Chicago, List of people from Chicago, Theatre in Chicago, and Visual arts of Chicago
The city's waterfront allure and nightlife has attracted residents and tourists alike. Over one-third of the city population is concentrated in the lakefront neighborhoods (from Rogers Park in the north to South Shore in the south). The city has many upscale dining establishments as well as many ethnic restaurant districts. These districts include the Mexican villages, such as Pilsen along 18th street, and La Villita along 26th Street, the Puerto Rican enclave Paseo Boricua in the Humboldt Park neighborhood, "Greektown" along South Halsted St, "Little Italy" along Taylor St, "Chinatown, Chicago" on the South Side, "Polish Patches" in Avondale and Belmont-Central, "Little Seoul" around Lawrence Avenue, a cluster of Vietnamese restaurants on Argyle Street, and South Asian (Indian/Pakistani) along Devon Avenue.
Downtown is the center of Chicago's financial, cultural, and commercial institutions and home to Grant Park and many of the city's skyscrapers. Many of the city's financial institutions (for example, CBOT, Chicago Fed) are located within a section of downtown called "The Loop", which is an eight-block by five-block square of city streets that are encircled by elevated rail tracks. The term "The Loop" is largely used to refer to the entire downtown area as well. The central area includes the Near North Side, the Near South Side, and the Near West Side, as well as the Loop. These areas contribute famous skyscrapers, abundant restaurants, shopping, museums, a stadium for the Chicago Bears, convention facilities, parkland, and beaches.
The North Side is the most densely populated section of the city outside of downtown and many high-rises line this side of the city along the lakefront. Lincoln Park is a 1,200-acre (490 ha) park stretching for 5.5 mi (8.9 km) along the waterfront and containing the Lincoln Park Zoo and the Lincoln Park Conservatory. The River North neighborhood features the nation's largest concentration of contemporary art galleries outside of New York City. As a Polonia center, due to the city's having a very large Polish population, Chicago celebrates every Labor Day weekend at the Taste of Polonia Festival in the Jefferson Park area.[49] The Chicago Cubs play in the North Side's Lakeview neighborhood, in the Wrigleyville district. Lakeview is also home to Boystown, which, along with Andersonville, are the best known LGBT neighborhoods.
The South Side is home to the University of Chicago (UC), ranked one of the world's top ten universities; and the Museum of Science and Industry. Burnham Park stretches along the waterfront of the South Side. Two of the city's largest parks are also located on this side of the city: Jackson Park, bordering the waterfront, hosted the World's Columbian Exposition in 1893, and is home of the aforementioned museum; and slightly west sits Washington Park. The two parks themselves are connected by a wide strip of parkland called the Midway Plaisance, running adjacent to the UC. The South Side hosts one of the city's largest parades, the annual African American Bud Billiken Day parade. The American automaker Ford Motor Company has an assembly plant located on the South Side, and most of the facilities of the Port of Chicago are here. The Chicago White Sox play in the South Side's Armour Square neighborhood.
The West Side holds the Garfield Park Conservatory, one of the largest collections of tropical plants in any US city. Prominent Latino cultural attractions found here include Humboldt Park's Institute of Puerto Rican Arts and Puerto Rican Day Parade, as well as the National Museum of Mexican Art and St. Adalbert's Church in Pilsen. The Near West Side holds the University of Illinois at Chicago and television production company of Oprah Winfrey's Harpo Studios. The Chicago Bulls and Chicago Blackhawks play on Madison Street.
Entertainment, the arts, and performing arts
Chicago's theatre community spawned modern improvisational theater. Two renowned comedy troupes emerged: The Second City and I.O. (formerly known as ImprovOlympic). Renowned Chicago theater companies include the Steppenwolf Theatre Company (on the city's north side), the Goodman Theatre, and the Victory Gardens Theater. Chicago offers Broadway-style entertainment at theaters such as Broadway In Chicago's Ford Center for the Performing Arts Oriental Theatre, Broadway In Chicago's Bank of America Theatre, Broadway In Chicago's Cadillac Palace Theatre, Auditorium Building of Roosevelt University, and Broadway In Chicago's Broadway Playhouse at Water Tower Place. Polish language productions for Chicago's large Polish speaking population can be seen at the historic Gateway Theatre in Jefferson Park. Since 1968, the Joseph Jefferson Awards are given annually to acknowledge excellence in theater in the Chicago area.
Classical music offerings include the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, recognized as one of the best orchestras in the world,[50] which performs at Symphony Center. Also performing regularly at Symphony Center is the Chicago Sinfonietta, a more diverse and multicultural counterpart to the CSO. A new and interesting addition to the Chicago classical music scene is also the Renovo String Orchestra of Chicago. [51] In the summer, many outdoor concerts are given in Grant Park and Millennium Park. Ravinia Park, located 25 miles (40 km) north of Chicago, is also a favorite destination for many Chicagoans, with performances occasionally given in Chicago locations such as the Harris Theater. The Civic Opera House is home to the Lyric Opera of Chicago. The Lithuanian Opera Company of Chicago was founded by Lithuanian Chicagoans in 1956,[52] and presents operas in Lithuanian.
The Joffrey Ballet and Chicago Festival Ballet perform in various venues, including the Harris Theater in Millennium Park. Chicago is home to several other modern and jazz dance troupes, such as the Hubbard Street Dance Chicago.
Other live-music genre which are part of the city's cultural heritage include Chicago blues, Chicago soul, jazz, and gospel. The city is the birthplace of house music and is the site of an influential hip-hop scene. In the 1980s, the city was a center for industrial, punk and new wave. This influence continued into the alternative rock of the 1990s. The city has been an epicenter for rave culture since the 1980s. A flourishing independent rock music culture brought forth Chicago indie. Annual festivals feature various acts such as Lollapalooza and Pitchfork Music Festival.
Chicago has a distinctive fine art tradition. For much of the twentieth century it nurtured a strong style of figurative surrealism, as in the works of Ivan Albright and Ed Paschke. In 1968 and 1969, members of the Chicago Imagists, such as Roger Brown, Leon Golub, Robert Lostutter, Jim Nutt, and Barbara Rossi produced bizarre representational paintings.
Chicago is home to a number of large, outdoor works by well-known artists. These include the Chicago Picasso, Miró's Chicago, Flamingo and Flying Dragon by Alexander Calder, Monument with Standing Beast by Jean Dubuffet, Batcolumn by Claes Oldenburg, Cloud Gate by Anish Kapoor, Crown Fountain by Jaume Plensa, and the Four Seasons mosaic by Marc Chagall.
Tourism[link]
In 2008[update], Chicago attracted 32.4 million domestic leisure travelers, 11.7 million domestic business travelers and 1.3 million overseas visitors.[9] These visitors contributed more than US$11.8 billion to Chicago's economy.[9] Upscale shopping along the Magnificent Mile and State Street, thousands of restaurants, as well as Chicago's eminent architecture, continue to draw tourists. The city is the United States' third-largest convention destination. A 2011 study by Walk Score ranked Chicago the fourth most walkable of fifty largest cities in the United States.[53] Most conventions are held at McCormick Place, just south of Soldier Field. The historic Chicago Cultural Center (1897), originally serving as the Chicago Public Library, now houses the city's Visitor Information Center, galleries and exhibit halls. The ceiling of its Preston Bradley Hall includes a 38 ft (12 m) Tiffany glass dome. Grant Park holds Millennium Park, Buckingham Fountain (1927), and the Art Institute of Chicago. The park also hosts the annual Taste of Chicago festival. In Millennium Park, there is the reflective Cloud Gate sculpture. Also, an outdoor restaurant transforms into an ice rink in the winter season. Two tall glass sculptures make up the Crown Fountain. The fountain's two towers display visual effects from LED images of Chicagoans' faces, along with water spouting from their lips. Frank Gehry's detailed, stainless steel band shell, the Jay Pritzker Pavilion, hosts the classical Grant Park Music Festival concert series. Behind the pavilion's stage is the Harris Theater for Music and Dance, an indoor venue for mid-sized performing arts companies, including the Chicago Opera Theater and Music of the Baroque.
Navy Pier, located just east of Streeterville, is 3,000 ft (910 m) long and houses retail stores, restaurants, museums, exhibition halls and auditoriums. Its 150-foot (46 m) tall Ferris wheel is one of the most visited landmarks in the Midwest, attracting about 8 million people annually.[54] Chicago was the first city in the world to ever erect a ferris wheel.
On June 4, 1998, the city officially opened the Museum Campus, a 10-acre (4.0 ha) lakefront park, surrounding three of the city's main museums, each of which is of national importance: the Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum, the Field Museum of Natural History, and the Shedd Aquarium. The Museum Campus joins the southern section of Grant Park, which includes the renowned Art Institute of Chicago. Buckingham Fountain anchors the downtown park along the lakefront. The University of Chicago Oriental Institute has an extensive collection of ancient Egyptian and Near Eastern archaeological artifacts. Other museums and galleries in Chicago include the Chicago History Museum, the DuSable Museum of African American History, the Museum of Contemporary Art, the Peggy Notebaert Nature Museum, the Polish Museum of America, the Museum of Broadcast Communications and the Museum of Science and Industry.
The top activity while visitors tour Chicago for leisure is entertainment, approximately 33% of all leisure travelers. Facilities such as McCormick Place and the Chicago Theatre contribute to this percentage.[55]
Parks[link]
Main article: Parks of Chicago
When Chicago was incorporated in 1837, it chose the motto Urbs in Horto, a Latin phrase which translates into English as "City in a Garden". Today, the Chicago Park District consists of 552 parks with over 7,300 acres (3,000 ha) of municipal parkland. There are 33 sand Chicago beaches, a plethora of museums, two world-class conservatories, 16 historic lagoons, and 10 bird and wildlife gardens.[56] Lincoln Park, the largest of the city's parks, covers 1,200 acres (490 ha) and has over 20 million visitors each year, making it second only to Central Park in New York City in number of visitors.[57] With berths for more than 5,000 boats, the Chicago Park District operates the nation's largest municipal harbor system; even larger than systems in cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, or Miami. In addition to ongoing beautification and renewal projects for the existing parks, a number of new parks have been added in recent years, such as the Ping Tom Memorial Park in Chinatown, DuSable Park on the Near North Side, and most notably, Millennium Park in a section of one of Chicago's oldest parks, Grant Park in the Chicago Loop.
The wealth of greenspace afforded by Chicago's parks is further augmented by the Cook County Forest Preserves, a network of open spaces containing forest, prairie, wetland, streams, and lakes that are set aside as natural areas which lie along the city's periphery, home to both the Chicago Botanic Garden in Glencoe and the Brookfield Zoo in Brookfield.
Cuisine[link]
See also: Chicago farmers' markets, Chicago Dining, Food manufacturers of Chicago, and Culture of Chicago#Cuisine
Chicago lays claim to a large number of regional specialties, all of which reflect the city's ethnic and working class roots. Included among these are its nationally renowned deep-dish pizza, this style is said to have originated at Pizzeria Uno. The Chicago-style thin crust is also popular in the city.
The Chicago-style hot dog, typically a Vienna Beef dog, is loaded with an array of fixings that often includes neon green pickle relish, yellow mustard, pickled sport peppers, tomato wedges, dill pickle spear and topped off with celery salt – all on a S. Rosen's poppy seed bun.[58] Enthusiasts of the Chicago-style dog frown upon the use of ketchup as a garnish, but may prefer to add giardiniera.
There are several distinctly Chicago sandwiches, among them the Italian beef sandwich, which is thinly sliced beef slowly simmered au jus and served on an Italian roll with sweet peppers or spicy giardiniera. A popular modification is the Combo – an Italian beef sandwich with the addition of an Italian sausage. Another is the Maxwell Street Polish, a grilled or deep-fried kielbasa — on a hot dog roll, topped with grilled onions, yellow mustard, and hot sport peppers.[59]
Ethnically originated creations include chicken Vesuvio, with roasted bone-in chicken cooked in oil and garlic next to garlicky oven-roasted potato wedges and a sprinkling of green peas. Another is the Puerto Rican-influenced jibarito, a sandwich made with flattened, fried green plantains instead of bread. There is also the tamale with chile, mother-in-law sandwich.[60] Yet another is the Greek saganaki, an appetizer of cheese served flambé at the table.[61]
The Taste of Chicago in Grant Park runs from the final week of June through Fourth of July weekend. Hundreds of local restaurants take part.
A number of well-known chefs have restaurants in Chicago, including Charlie Trotter, Rick Tramonto, Grant Achatz, and Rick Bayless. In 2003, Robb Report named Chicago the country's "most exceptional dining destination."
The city is home to 23 Michelin-starred restaurants, with one three-star restaurant, Alinea.
Chicago features a wide selection of vegetarian cuisine, with 22 fully vegetarian restaurants and many vegetarian-friendly establishments within the city.[62][63]
Religion[link]
The wealth of Chicago's religious heritage is displayed in its sacred architecture (especially Roman Catholic) and institutions. Christianity is predominant among the city's population. The city also includes adherents of Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism, and the Bahá'í, among others.
The city played host to the first two Parliament of the World's Religions in 1893 and 1993. Chicago contains many theological institutions, which include seminaries and colleges such as the Moody Bible Institute and DePaul University. Chicago is the seat of numerous religious leaders from a host of bishops of a wide array of Christian denominations as well as other religions. In the northern suburb of Wilmette, Illinois, is the Bahá'í Temple, the only temple for the Bahá'í Faith in North America.
Many international religious leaders have visited Chicago, including Mother Teresa and the Dalai Lama. Pope John Paul II visited Chicago in 1979 during his first trip ever to the United States after being elected to the Papacy in 1978.
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in Chicago
Chicago was named the Best Sports City in the United States by The Sporting News in 1993, 2006, 2010.[64] The city is home to two Major League Baseball (MLB) teams: the Chicago Cubs of the National League (NL), who play in Wrigley Field on the North Side; and the Chicago White Sox of the American League (AL), who play in U.S. Cellular Field on the South Side. Chicago is the only city that has had more than one MLB franchise every year since the AL began in 1901. The Chicago Bears, one of the last two remaining charter members of the National Football League (NFL), have won nine NFL Championships, including Super Bowl XX. The other remaining charter franchise, the Chicago Cardinals, also started out in the city, but are now known as the Arizona Cardinals. The Bears play their home games at Soldier Field just off the shore of Lake Michigan. Once a home to stock car racing, Soldier field was an aging stadium and was in dire need of renovation by the end of the 20th century. In 2003, Soldier Field re-opened after an extensive renovation, which increased the number of luxury boxes in the stadium and dramatically improved the day of game experience for Bears fans.
The Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association (NBA) are one of the most recognized basketball teams in the world. During the 1990s with Michael Jordan leading them, the Bulls took six NBA championships in eight seasons. The Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL), who began play in 1926, and are one of the "Original Six", teams of the National Hockey League (NHL), have won four Stanley Cups. The Blackhawks are the 2010 Stanley Cup champions, and hosted the 2009 NHL Winter Classic at Wrigley Field. Both the Bulls and Blackhawks play at the United Center on the Near West Side. The Chicago Rush has been a member of the Arena Football League since 2001 and won ArenaBowl XX, playing in suburban Rosemont. The Arena Football League front office is also in Chicago. The Chicago Fire are members of Major League Soccer and reside at Toyota Park in suburban Bridgeview, after playing its first eight seasons at Soldier Field. The Fire have won one league title and four U.S. Open Cups since their founding in 1997.
While four of the five major franchises have won championships within recent time – the Bears (1985), the Bulls (91, '92, '93, '96, '97, and '98), the White Sox (2005), and the Blackhawks (2010) — the Chicago Cubs are known for their drought of over 100 years without a championship (currently 103 years as of the 2011 MLB season). The last time the Cubs were in a World Series was 1945. Some fans claim the Curse of the Billy Goat is responsible for the drought.
The Chicago Marathon has been held each year since 1977 except for in 1987, when a half marathon was run in its place. The Chicago Marathon is one of five World Marathon Majors.[65] In 1994, the United States hosted a successful FIFA World Cup with games played at Soldier Field on Chicago's downtown lakefront.
After a months' long process that saw the elimination of several American and international cities, Chicago was selected on April 14, 2007, to represent the United States internationally in the bidding for the 2016 Summer Olympics.[66][67] Chicago had previously hosted the 1959 Pan American Games and the 2006 Gay Games. Chicago was selected to host the 1904 Olympics, but they were transferred to St. Louis to coincide with the World's Fair.[68] On June 4, 2008, the International Olympic Committee narrowed the field further and selected Chicago as one of four candidate cities for the 2016 games. On October 2, 2009, Rio de Janeiro was selected as the host city, with Chicago being eliminated in the first round of voting.
Starting just off Navy Pier is Chicago Yacht Club's Race to Mackinac, a 330-mile (530 km) offshore sailboat race held each July that is the longest annual freshwater sailing distance race in the world. 2010 marks the 102nd running of the "Mac".[69]
Five area colleges play in Division I conferences: DePaul University (Big East Conference), Northwestern University (Big Ten Conference), Chicago State University (Great West Conference), Loyola University Chicago (Horizon League), and the University of Illinois at Chicago (Horizon League).
Media[link]
Further information: Media in Chicago, Chicago literature, List of fiction set in Chicago, and Chicago International Film Festival
The Chicago metropolitan area is the third-largest media market in North America, after New York City and Los Angeles.[70] Each of the big four U.S. television networks, CBS, ABC, NBC and Fox, directly owns and operates a high-definition television station in Chicago (WBBM, WLS, WMAQ and WFLD, respectively). WGN-TV, which is owned by the Tribune Company, is carried with some programming differences, as "WGN America" on cable and satellite TV nationwide and in parts of the Caribbean. The city is also the home of several talk shows, including former The Oprah Winfrey Show on WLS-TV, while Chicago Public Radio produces programs such as PRI's This American Life and NPR's Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me! Chicago's PBS station can be seen on WTTW, producer of shows, such as Sneak Previews, The Frugal Gourmet, Lamb Chop's Play-Along and The McLaughlin Group, just to name a few and WYCC.
There are two major daily newspapers published in Chicago: the Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun-Times, with the former having the larger circulation. There are also several regional and special-interest newspapers and magazines, such as Chicago, the Dziennik Związkowy (Polish Daily News), Draugas (the Lithuanian daily newspaper), the Chicago Reader, the SouthtownStar, the Chicago Defender, the Daily Herald, Newcity,[71][72] StreetWise and the Windy City Times. The entertainment and cultural magazine Time Out Chicago is also published in the city.
Chicago is a filming-friendly location. Since the 1980s, many motion pictures have been filmed in the city, most notably The Blues Brothers; Ferris Bueller's Day Off; Home Alone; The Fugitive; I, Robot; Wanted; Batman Begins; The Dark Knight; and Transformers: Dark of the Moon.
Chicago has also been the setting for many popular television shows. Chicago-based TV shows include the situation comedies Perfect Strangers, its spinoff Family Matters, and The Bob Newhart Show. The city served as the venue for the medical dramas ER and Chicago Hope, as well as the fantasy drama series Early Edition and 2005–2009 drama Prison Break, The Good Wife is also set in Chicago. It is also the setting for Glee's 2012 Nationals Show Choir Competition. Discovery Channel films two shows in Chicago: Cook County Jail and the Chicago version of Cash Cab. Chicago is currently the setting of ABC sitcom Happy Endings.
Chicago is also home to a number of national radio shows, including Beyond the Beltway with Bruce DuMont on Sunday evenings.
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Chicago
Chicago has the third largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—approximately US$532 billion according to 2010 estimates,[73][74] after only to the urban agglomerations of New York City and Los Angeles, in the first and second place, respectively. The city has also been rated as having the most balanced economy in the United States, due to its high level of diversification.[75] Chicago was named the fourth most important business center in the world in the MasterCard Worldwide Centers of Commerce Index.[76] Additionally, the Chicago metropolitan area recorded the greatest number of new or expanded corporate facilities in the United States for six out of the seven years from 2001 to 2008.[77] The Chicago metropolitan area has the third largest science and engineering work force of any metropolitan area in the nation.[78] In 2009, Chicago placed 9th on the UBS list of the world's richest cities.[79] Chicago was the base of commercial operations for industrialists John Crerar, John Whitfield Bunn, Richard Teller Crane, Marshall Field, John Farwell, Morris Selz, Julius Rosenwald and many other commercial visionaries who laid the foundation for Midwestern and global industry.
Chicago is a major world financial center, with the second largest central business district in the US.[80] The city is the headquarters of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago (the Seventh District of the Federal Reserve). The city is also home to major financial and futures exchanges, including the Chicago Stock Exchange, the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (the "Merc"), which is owned, along with the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) by Chicago's CME Group. The CME Group, in addition, owns the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX), the Commodities Exchange Inc. (COMEX) and the Dow Jones Indexes.[81] Perhaps due to the influence of the Chicago school of economics, the city also has markets trading unusual contracts such as emissions (on the Chicago Climate Exchange) and equity style indices (on the U.S. Futures Exchange). Chase Bank has its commercial and retail banking headquarters in Chicago's Chase Tower.[82]
The city and its surrounding metropolitan area are home to the second largest labor pool in the United States with approximately 4.25 million workers.[83] In addition, the state of Illinois is home to 66 Fortune 1000 companies, including those in Chicago.[84] The city of Chicago also hosts 12 Fortune Global 500 companies and 17 Financial Times 500 companies. The city claims one Dow 30 company: aerospace giant Boeing, which moved its headquarters from Seattle to the Chicago Loop in 2001.[85][86] Two more Dow 30 companies, Kraft Foods and McDonalds. are in Chicago suburbs, as are Sears Holdings Corporation and the technology spin-offs of Motorola. Chicago is also home to United Continental Holdings, with headquarters in the United Building and operations center at Willis Tower, and its United Airlines subsidiary.
Manufacturing, printing, publishing and food processing also play major roles in the city's economy. Several medical products and services companies are headquartered in the Chicago area, including Baxter International, Boeing, Abbott Laboratories, and the Healthcare Financial Services division of General Electric. Moreover, the construction of the Illinois and Michigan Canal, which helped move goods from the Great Lakes south on the Mississippi River, and of the railroads in the 19th century made the city a major transportation center in the United States. In the 1840s, Chicago became a major grain port, and in the 1850s and 1860s Chicago's pork and beef industry expanded. As the major meat companies grew in Chicago many, such as Armour and Company, created global enterprises. Though the meatpacking industry currently plays a lesser role in the city's economy, Chicago continues to be a major transportation and distribution center. Lured by a combination of large business customers, federal research dollars, and a large hiring pool fed by the area's universities, Chicago is also home to a growing number of web startup companies like CareerBuilder, Orbitz, 37signals, Groupon, and Feedburner.[87]
Late in the 19th century, Chicago was part of the bicycle craze, as home to Western Wheel Company, which introduced stamping to the production process and significantly reduced costs,[88] while early in the 20th century, the city was part of the automobile revolution, hosting the Brass Era car builder Bugmobile, which was founded there in 1907.[89] Chicago was also home to the Schwinn Bicycle Company.
Chicago is a major world convention destination. The city's main convention center is McCormick Place. With its four interconnected buildings, it is the largest convention center in the nation and third largest in the world.[90] Chicago also ranks third in the U.S. (behind Las Vegas and Orlando) in number of conventions hosted annually.[91]
Demographics[link]
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1840 | 4,470 |
|
|
| 1850 | 29,963 | 570.3% | |
| 1860 | 112,172 | 274.4% | |
| 1870 | 298,977 | 166.5% | |
| 1880 | 503,185 | 68.3% | |
| 1890 | 1,099,850 | 118.6% | |
| 1900 | 1,698,575 | 54.4% | |
| 1910 | 2,185,283 | 28.7% | |
| 1920 | 2,701,705 | 23.6% | |
| 1930 | 3,376,438 | 25.0% | |
| 1940 | 3,396,808 | 0.6% | |
| 1950 | 3,620,962 | 6.6% | |
| 1960 | 3,550,404 | −1.9% | |
| 1970 | 3,366,957 | −5.2% | |
| 1980 | 3,005,072 | −10.7% | |
| 1990 | 2,783,726 | −7.4% | |
| 2000 | 2,896,016 | 4.0% | |
| 2010 | 2,695,598 | −6.9% | |
Main article: Demographics of Chicago
During its first 100 years, Chicago was one of the fastest-growing cities in the world. When founded in 1833, less than 200 people had settled on what was then the American frontier. By the time of its first census, seven years later, the population had reached over 4000. Within the span of forty years, the city's population grew from slightly under 30,000 in 1850 to over 1 million by 1890. By the close of the 19th century, Chicago was the fifth largest city in the world,[92] and the largest of the cities that did not exist at the dawn of the century. Within sixty years of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the population went from about 300,000 to over 3 million,[93] and reached its highest ever-recorded population of 3.6 million for the 1950 census.
From the last two decades of the 19th Century, Chicago was the destination of waves of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, including (but by no means limited to) Italians, Jews, Poles, and Czechs.[94] To these ethnic groups, the basis of the city's industrial working class, was added an additional influx of African-Americans from the American South — with Chicago's black population doubling between 1910 and 1920 and doubling again between 1920 and 1930.[94]
Owing to racial discrimination in housing, the great majority of American blacks moving to Chicago in these years were clustered in a so-called "Black Belt" on the city's South Side.[94] By 1930, two-thirds of Chicago's African-American population lived in sections of the city which were 90% black in racial composition.[94] Chicago's South Side emerged as America's second largest urban black concentration, following New York's Harlem.[94]
As of the 2010 census,[95] there were 2,695,598 people with 1,045,560 households residing within Chicago. More than half the population of the state of Illinois lives in the Chicago metropolitan area. Chicago is also one of the nation's most densely populated major cities. The racial composition of the city was:
- 45.0% White (31.7% non-Hispanic whites);
- 32.9% Black or African American;
- 13.4% from some other race;
- 5.5% Asian (1.6% Chinese, 1.1% Indian, 1.1% Filipino, 0.4% Korean, 0.3% Pakistani, 0.3% Vietnamese, 0.2% Japanese, 0.1% Thai);
- 2.7% from two or more races;
- 0.5% American Indian.
Chicago has a Hispanic or Latino population of 28.9%. (Its members may belong to any race; 21.4% Mexican, 3.8% Puerto Rican, 0.7% Guatemalan, 0.6% Ecuadorian, 0.3% Cuban, 0.3% Colombian, 0.2% Honduran, 0.2% Salvadoran, 0.2% Peruvian)[96] The Guatemalan, Colombian and Peruvian communities have skyrocketed in the 2000s, and some estimates give higher percentages.
Based on Census data from 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $38,625, and the median income for a family was $42,724. Males had a median income of $35,907 versus $30,536 for females. About 16.6% of families and 19.6% of the population lived below the poverty line.[97]
The city's most populous ethnic group, non-Hispanic white, has declined from 59% in 1970 to 31.7% in 2010.[98] As of the 2007 US Census American Community Survey the largest European ancestries were: Irish: (201,836) German: (200,392) Polish: (179,868) Italian: (96,599) English: (60,307).[99]
According to the 2008 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates for Total Ancestry Reported, for the city of Chicago, the majority of residents, or 64% of 2,986,974 people, reported their ancestry as "other groups".[100] Of the 36% of residents that reported their ancestries in groups that were measured by the U.S. Census Bureau, the largest groups, based on the total population, were: Irish (6.6%); German (6.5%); Polish (5.3%); Italian (3.5%); Assyrian (3.5%); English (2.0%); Sub-Saharan African (1.2%); American (1.1%); Filipino (1.0%); Russian (0.97%); Swedish (0.91%); French (except Basque) (0.9%); Arab (0.7%); Greek (0.6%); Dutch (0.5%); Norwegian (0.5%); Scottish (0.5%); European (0.5%); West Indian (0.5%); Lithuanian (0.4%); Ukrainian (0.38%); Czech (0.4%); Hungarian (0.3%); Scotch-Irish (0.2%); Welsh (0.2%); Danish (0.2%); French Canadian (0.2%); Slovak (0.2%); British (0.1%); Swiss (0.1%); and Portuguese (0.1%).[100] The city also has a large Assyrian population numbering between 80,000–120,000, and it is the location of the seat of the head of the Assyrian Church of the East, Mar Dinkha IV. [101]
Law and government[link]
Main articles: Law and government of Chicago and Political history of Chicago
Chicago is the county seat of Cook County. The government of the City of Chicago is divided into executive and legislative branches. Civil and criminal law cases are heard in the Cook County Circuit Court of the State of Illinois court system, or in the Northern District of Illinois, in the federal system. In the former, the public prosecutor is the Illinois State's Attorney, in the latter, the United States Attorney.
The Mayor of Chicago is the chief executive, elected by general election for a term of four years, with no term limits. The mayor appoints commissioners and other officials who oversee the various departments. In addition to the mayor, Chicago's two other citywide elected officials are the clerk and the treasurer. The City Council is the legislative branch and is made up of 50 aldermen, one elected from each ward in the city. The council enacts local ordinances and approves the city budget. Government priorities and activities are established in a budget ordinance usually adopted each November. The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions.
During much of the last half of the 19th century, Chicago's politics were dominated by a growing Democratic Party organization dominated by ethnic ward-heelers. During the 1880s and 1890s, Chicago had a powerful radical tradition with large and highly organized socialist, anarchist and labor organizations.[102] For much of the 20th century, Chicago has been among the largest and most reliable Democratic strongholds in the United States; with Chicago's Democratic vote the state of Illinois has been "solid blue" in presidential elections since 1992. The citizens of Chicago have not elected a Republican mayor since 1927, when William Thompson was voted into office. The strength of the party in the city is partly a consequence of Illinois state politics, where the Republicans have come to represent the rural and farm concerns while the Democrats support urban issues such as Chicago's public school funding. Chicago contains close to 25% of the state's population, and as such, eight of Illinois' 19 U.S. Representatives have part of Chicago in their districts.
Former Chicago Mayor Richard J. Daley's (in office 1955 – 1976) mastery of machine politics preserved the Chicago Democratic Machine long after the demise of similar machines in other large U.S. cities.[103] During much of that time, the city administration found opposition mainly from a liberal "independent" faction of the Democratic Party. The independents finally gained control of city government in 1983 with the election of Harold Washington (in office 1983 – 1987). From 1989 until May 16, 2011, Chicago was under the leadership of its longest serving mayor, Richard M. Daley, the son of Richard J. Daley. On May 16, 2011, Rahm Emanuel was sworn in as the 55th mayor of Chicago. Because of the dominance of the Democratic Party in Chicago, the Democratic primary vote held in the spring is generally more significant than the general elections in November for U.S. House and Illinois State seats. The aldermanic, mayoral, and other city offices are filled through nonpartisan elections with runoffs as needed.
City planning[link]
See also: Community areas in Chicago
Chicago has four main sections: Downtown (which contains the Loop), the North Side, the South Side, and the West Side. The three sides of the city are represented on the Flag of Chicago by three horizontal white strips. These sections can further be informally subdivided or grouped, for example as shown on the map (right). Further sectional references are the Northwest side and the Southwest side. In the late 1920s, sociologists at the University of Chicago subdivided the city into 77 distinct community areas, which can further be subdivided into over 200 neighborhoods.
The central commercial area often is portrayed, as in the map at right, to include parts of Near North Side and Near South Side, as well as the Loop. The North Side is the most densely populated residential section of the city and many high-rises are located on this side of the city along the lakefront. The South Side is the largest section of the city, encompassing roughly 60% of the city's land area. The South Side contains the University of Chicago and most of the facilities of the Port of Chicago.
Chicago's streets were laid out in a street grid that grew from the city's original townsite plat. Streets following the Public Land Survey System section lines later became arterial streets in outlying sections. As new additions to the city were platted, city ordinance required them to be laid out with eight streets to the mile in one direction and 16 in the other direction. The grid's regularity would provide an efficient means to develop new real estate property. A scattering of diagonal streets, many of them originally Indian trails, also cross the city. Many additional diagonal streets were recommended in the Plan of Chicago, but only the extension of Ogden Avenue was ever constructed.
Crime[link]
Main articles: Crime in Chicago and Organized crime in Chicago
Murders in the city peaked first in 1974, with 970 murders when the city's population was over three million people (resulting in a murder rate of around 29 per 100,000), and again in 1992 with 943 murders, resulting in a murder rate of 34 per 100,000.[104] Chicago, along with other major US cities, experienced a significant reduction in violent crime rates through the 1990s, eventually recording 448 homicides in 2004, the lowest total since 1965 (15.65 per 100,000.) Chicago's homicide tally remained steady throughout 2005, 2006, and 2007 with 449, 452, and 435 respectively.
In 2008, murders rebounded to 510, 2nd highest in the country, breaking 500 for the first time since 2003.[105][106] For 2009 the murder count was down about 10% for the year, to 458.[107]
2010 saw Chicago's murder rate at its lowest levels since 1965. Overall, 435 homicides were recorded for the year, a 5% decrease from 2009.[108]
Education[link]
Main article: Chicago Public Schools
Schools and libraries[link]
There are 675 public schools,[109] 394 private schools, 83 colleges, and 88 libraries in Chicago. Chicago Public Schools (CPS) is the governing body of the school district that contains over 600 public elementary and high schools citywide, including several selective-admission magnet schools. There are 9 selective enrollment high schools in the Chicago Public Schools. They are designed to meet the needs of Chicago’s most academically advanced students. The schools offer a rigorous curriculum with mainly honors and Advanced Placement (AP) courses.[110] Northside College Preparatory High School is ranked number one in the city of Chicago. The oldest magnet school in the City of Chicago, Whitney M. Young Magnet High School, was opened in 1975, was attended by the First Lady of the United States, Michelle Obama, and ranked number two.Walter Payton College Prep High School is ranked number three. The Chicago high school rankings are determined by the average test scores on state achievement tests.[111] The district, with an enrollment exceeding 400,000 students (2005 stat.), ranks as the third largest in the US[112]
Chicago's private schools are largely Catholic and Lutheran schools. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago operates the city's Catholic schools, including the Jesuit preparatory schools. Some of the more prominent Catholic schools are St. Rita of Cascia High School, De La Salle Institute, Gordon Technical High School, Cristo Rey Jesuit High School, Brother Rice High School, St. Ignatius College Preparatory School, St. Scholastica Academy, Mount Carmel High School, Mother McAuley Liberal Arts High School, Marist High School, St. Patrick High School, Maria High School and Resurrection High School. In addition to Chicago's network of 32 Lutheran schools,[113] there are also several private schools run by other denominations and faiths, such as the Ida Crown Jewish Academy in West Ridge. Additionally, a number of private schools are run in a completely secular educational environment, such as the Latin School of Chicago, the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools in Hyde Park, the Francis W. Parker School, the Chicago City Day School in Lake View, the Feltre School in River North and the Morgan Park Academy. Chicago is also home of the private Chicago Academy for the Arts, a high school focused on six different categories of the arts, such as Media Arts, Visual Arts, Music, Dance, Musical Theatre and Theatre.
The Chicago Public Library system operates 79 public libraries including the central library, two regional libraries, and numerous branches distributed throughout the city.
Colleges and universities[link]
For a more comprehensive list, see List of colleges and universities in Chicago.
Since the 1850s, Chicago has been a world center of higher education and research with several universities that are in the city proper or in the immediate environs. These institutions consistently rank among the top "National Universities" in the United States, as determined by U.S. News & World Report. Top universities in Chicago are: The University of Chicago; Northwestern University; Loyola University Chicago; DePaul University; Illinois Institute of Technology; and University of Illinois at Chicago.[114] Other notable schools include: Chicago State University; the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, the Illinois Institute of Art - Chicago; East–West University; National-Louis University; North Park University; Northeastern Illinois University; Columbia College Chicago; Robert Morris University; Roosevelt University; Saint Xavier University; and Rush University.
William Rainey Harper, the first president of the University of Chicago, was instrumental in the creation of the junior college concept, establishing nearby Joliet Junior College as the first in the nation in 1901.[115] His legacy continues with the multiple community colleges in the Chicago proper, including the seven City Colleges of Chicago, Richard J. Daley College, Kennedy–King College, Malcolm X College, Olive–Harvey College, Harry S Truman College, Harold Washington College and Wilbur Wright College, in addition to the privately held MacCormac College.
Chicago proper also has a large concentration of graduate schools, seminaries and theological schools such as the Adler School of Professional Psychology, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, the Catholic Theological Union, Moody Bible Institute and the University of Chicago Divinity School.
Transportation[link]
Main articles: Transportation in Chicago and Roads and freeways in Chicago
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Chicago is a major transportation hub in the United States. It is an important component in global distribution, as it is the third largest inter-modal port in the world after Hong Kong and Singapore.[116]
Freeways[link]
Main article: Roads and freeways in Chicago
Nine interstate highways run through Chicago and its suburbs. Segments that link to the city center are named after influential politicians, with three of them named after former U.S. Presidents (Eisenhower, Kennedy) and one named after two-time Democratic candidate Adlai Stevenson.
The Kennedy Expressway and the Dan Ryan Expressway are the busiest state maintained routes in the City of Chicago and its suburbs.[117]
Transit systems[link]
The Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) coordinates the operation of the three service boards: CTA, Metra, and Pace.
- The Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) handles public transportation in the city of Chicago and a few adjacent suburbs outside of the Chicago city limits. The CTA operates an extensive network of buses and a rapid transit elevated and subway system known as the 'L' (for "elevated"), with lines designated by colors. These rapid transit lines also serve both Midway and O'Hare Airports. The CTA's rail lines consist of the Red, Blue, Green, Orange, Brown, Purple, Pink, and Yellow lines. Both the Red and Blue lines offer 24 hour service which makes Chicago one of a handful of cities around the world (and one of two in the United States -the other being New York City) to offer rail service 24 hours a day, every day of the year, within the city's limits.
- Metra, the nation's second-most used passenger regional rail network, operates an 11-line commuter rail service in Chicago and its suburbs. The Metra Electric Line shares its trackage with Northern Indiana Commuter Transportation District's South Shore Line, which provides commuter service between South Bend and Chicago.
- Pace provides bus and paratransit service in over 200 surrounding suburbs with some extensions into the city as well. A 2005 study found that one quarter of commuters used public transit.[118]
Greyhound Lines provides inter-city bus service to and from the city, and Chicago is also the hub for the Midwest network of Megabus (North America).
Amtrak long distance services originate from Union Station. Chicago is one of the largest hubs of passenger rail service in the nation. The services terminate in San Francisco, Washington D.C., New York City, Indianapolis, New Orleans, Portland, Seattle, Milwaukee, Quincy, St. Louis, Carbondale, Boston, Grand Rapids, Port Huron, Pontiac, Los Angeles, and San Antonio. An attempt was made in the early 20th century to link Chicago with New York City via the Chicago – New York Electric Air Line Railroad. Parts of this were built, but it was ultimately never completed.
Six of the seven Class I railroads meet in Chicago, with the exception being the Kansas City Southern Railway.[119] As of 2002, severe freight train congestion caused trains to take as long to get through the Chicago region as it took to get there from the West Coast of the country (about 2 days).[120] About one-third of the country's freight trains pass through the city, making it a major national bottleneck.[121] Announced in 2003, the Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency (CREATE) initiative is using about $1.5B in private railroad, state, local, and federal funding to improve rail infrastructure in the region to reduce freight rail congestion by about one third.[122]
Airports[link]
Main article: Transportation in Chicago#Airports
Chicago is served by O'Hare International Airport, the world's second busiest airport, on the far Northwest Side and Midway International Airport on the Southwest Side. In 2005, O'Hare was the world's busiest airport by aircraft movements and the second busiest by total passenger traffic (due to government enforced flight caps).[123] Both O'Hare and Midway are owned and operated by the City of Chicago. Gary/Chicago International Airport and Chicago Rockford International Airport, located in Gary, Indiana and Rockford, Illinois, respectively, can serve as alternate Chicago area airports, however they do not offer as many commercial flights as O'Hare and Midway. Both Gary and Rockford are vying to become Chicago's third major airport, although the state of Illinois in recent years has been leaning towards building an entirely new airport in the Illinois suburbs of Chicago. The City of Chicago is the world headquarters for United Airlines, the world's largest airline. It is also a hub for United Airlines and American Airlines at O'Hare. Chicago is a hub for Southwest Airlines at Midway.
Port authority[link]
Main article: Port of Chicago
The Port of Chicago consists of several major port facilities within the city of Chicago operated by the Illinois International Port District (formerly known as the Chicago Regional Port District). The central element of the Port District, Calumet Harbor, is maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.[124]
- Iroquois Landing Lakefront Terminal: at the mouth of the Calumet River, it includes 100 acres (0.40 km2) of warehouses and facilities on Lake Michigan with over 780,000 square meters (8,390,000 square feet) of storage.
- Lake Calumet terminal: located at the union of the Grand Calumet River and Little Calumet River 6 miles (9.7 km) inland from Lake Michigan. Includes three transit sheds totaling over 29,000 square meters (315,000 square feet) adjacent to over 900 linear meters (3000 linear feet) of ship and barge berthing.
- Grain (14 million bushels) and bulk liquid (800,000 barrels) storage facilities along Lake Calumet.
- The Illinois International Port district also operates Foreign trade zone No. 22, which extends 60 miles (97 km) from Chicago's city limits.
Infrastructure[link]
Utilities[link]
Electricity for most of northern Illinois is provided by Commonwealth Edison, also known as ComEd. Their service territory borders Iroquois County to the south, the Wisconsin border to the north, the Iowa border to the west and the Indiana border to the east. In northern Illinois, ComEd (a division of Exelon) operates the greatest number of nuclear generating plants in any US state. Because of this, ComEd reports indicate that Chicago receives about 75% of its electricity from nuclear power. Recently, the city started the installation of wind turbines on government buildings with the aim to promote the use of renewable energy.[125][126][127]
Natural Gas is provided by Peoples Gas, a subsidiary of Integrys Energy Group, which is headquartered in Chicago.
Domestic and industrial waste was once incinerated but it is now landfilled, mainly in the Calumet area. From 1995 to 2008, the city had a blue bag program to divert certain refuse from landfills.[128] In the fall of 2007 the city began a pilot program for blue bin recycling similar to that of other cities due to low participation rates in the blue bag program. After completion of the pilot the city will determine whether to roll it out to all wards.
Health systems[link]
Chicago is home to the Illinois Medical District, on the Near West Side. It includes Rush University Medical Center, the University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago, Jesse Brown VA Hospital, and John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, the largest trauma-center in the city.
Two of the country's premier academic medical centers reside in Chicago, including Northwestern Memorial Hospital and the University of Chicago Medical Center. The Chicago campus of Northwestern University includes the Feinberg School of Medicine; Northwestern Memorial Hospital, which is ranked as the best hospital in the Chicago metropolitan area by U.S. News & World Report for 2010–11;[129] the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, which is ranked the best U.S. rehabilitation hospital by U.S. News & World Report; the new Prentice Women's Hospital; and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, which is currently under construction.
The University of Illinois College of Medicine at UIC is the largest medical school in the United States (2,600 students including those at campuses in Peoria, Rockford and Urbana–Champaign).[130]
In addition, the Chicago Medical School and Loyola University Chicago's Stritch School of Medicine are located in the suburbs of North Chicago and Maywood, respectively. The Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine is in Downers Grove.
The American Medical Association, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education, American Osteopathic Association, American Dental Association, Academy of General Dentistry, American Dietetic Association, American Association of Nurse Anesthetists, American College of Surgeons, American Society for Clinical Pathology, American College of Healthcare Executives and the American Hospital Association, and Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association are all based in Chicago.
Telecommunications[link]
Using only 3% of the total available bandwidth capacity and 13% of the available fiber pairs, Chicago area data centers move data for local, area, regional and international networks.[8]
Sister cities[link]
Chicago has 28 Sister Cities around the world.[131] Like Chicago, many of them are or were the second most populous city or second most influential city of their country, or they are the main city of a country that has had large amounts of immigrants settle in Chicago. Paris is a Partner City, due to the one sister city policy of their respective French commune.[132]
To celebrate the sister cities, Chicago hosts a yearly festival in Daley Plaza, which features cultural acts and food tastings from the other cities.[131] In addition, the Chicago Sister Cities program hosts a number of delegation and formal exchanges.[131] In some cases, these exchanges have led to further informal collaborations, such as the academic relationship between the Buehler Center on Aging, Health & Society at the Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University and the Institute of Gerontology of Ukraine (originally of the Soviet Union), that was originally established as part of the Chicago-Kiev sister cities program.[133]
Partner City
Paris (France) 1996
Sister Cities
Warsaw (Poland) 1960
Milan (Italy) 1973
Osaka (Japan) 1973
Casablanca (Morocco) 1982
Shanghai (China) 1985- Shenyang (China) 1985
Gothenburg (Sweden) 1987
Accra (Ghana) 1989
Prague (Czech Republic) 1990
Kiev (Ukraine) 1991
Mexico City (Mexico) 1991
Toronto (Canada) 1991
Birmingham (United Kingdom) 1993
Vilnius (Lithuania) 1993
Hamburg (Germany) 1994
Petah Tikva (Israel) 1994
Athens (Greece) 1997
Durban (South Africa) 1997
Galway (Ireland) 1997
Manama (Bahrain) 2004
Moscow (Russia) 1997
Lucerne (Switzerland) 1998
Delhi (India) 2001
Amman (Jordan) 2004
São Paulo (Brazil) 2004
Belgrade (Serbia) 2005
Lahore (Pakistan) 2007
Busan (South Korea) 2007- Tianjin (China) 2008
Bogotá (Colombia) 2009
See also[link]
- List of cities with most skyscrapers
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Central Chicago
- National Register of Historic Places listings in North Side Chicago
- National Register of Historic Places listings in South Side Chicago
- National Register of Historic Places listings in West Side Chicago
Notes[link]
- ^ A. J. Liebling, a New York City writer, coined the term "Second City", labeling Chicago a provincial backwater.
- ^ Carl Sandburg referred to Chicago as the "City of Big Shoulders" in one of his poems, referencing both the blue-collar power house of Chicago's early economy as well as its numerous skyscrapers (whose steel frame designs were largely pioneered in Chicago).[11]
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Bibliography[link]
- Clymer, Floyd (1950). Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925. New York: Bonanza Books. OCLC 1966986.
- Cronon, William (1992) [1991]. Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-30873-1. OCLC 26609682.
- Grossman, James R.; Keating, Ann Durkin; Reiff, Janice L. (2004). The Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-31015-9. OCLC 54454572.
- Madigan, Charles, ed. (2004). Global Chicago. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-02941-0. OCLC 54400307.
- Miller, Donald L. (1996). City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-684-80194-9. OCLC 493430274.
- Montejano, David, ed. (1999). Chicano Politics and Society in the Late Twentieth Century. Austin: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-75215-6. OCLC 38879251.
- Norcliffe, Glen (2001). The Ride to Modernity: The Bicycle in Canada, 1869–1900. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-4398-4. OCLC 46625313.
- Pacyga, Dominic A. (2009). Chicago: A Biography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-64431-6. OCLC 298670853.
- Pogorzelski, Daniel; Maloof, John (2008). Portage Park (IL) (Images of America). Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 0-7385-5229-1. OCLC 212843071.
- Robert J. Sampson (2012). Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 9780226734569.
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- Schneirov, Richard (1998). Labor and urban politics: class conflict and the origins of modern liberalism in Chicago, 1864–97. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06676-6. OCLC 37246254.
- Smith, Carl S. (2006). The Plan of Chicago: Daniel Burnham and the Remaking of the American City. Chicago visions + revisions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-76471-0. OCLC 261199152.
- Spears, Timothy B. (2005). Chicago dreaming: Midwesterners and the city, 1871–1919. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-76874-0. OCLC 56086689.
- Swanson, Stevenson (1997). Chicago Days: 150 Defining Moments in the Life of a Great City. Chicago Tribune (Firm). Chicago: Cantigny First Division Foundation. ISBN 1-890093-03-3. OCLC 36066057.
External links[link]
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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2012) |
John Kass is a Chicago Tribune columnist.
The son of a Greek immigrant grocer, Kass was born June 25, 1956, on the South Side of Chicago and grew up there and in Oak Lawn, IL. He held many jobs - retailer, ditch digger, waiter - before becoming a student of film at Columbia College in Chicago. There, he worked in the student newspaper and gained the attention of Daryle Feldmeir, president of the media department and previous editor of the Chicago Daily News. Feldmeir and media professor Les Brownlee helped Kass to obtain an internship at the Daily Calumet in 1980, where Kass worked as a reporter until he left for the Tribune.
Kass lives in the southern suburbs of Chicago with his wife and twin children.
Kass also writes about lighter topics, particularly beer can chicken.
Kass's column appears on page 2 of the Tribune's news section.
References[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Kass, John |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American journalist |
| Date of birth | 1956 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/John_Kass
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kass
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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| Sheryl K. Sandberg | |
|---|---|
 Sandberg at the Moët Hennessy Financial Times Club Dinner in 2011. |
|
| Born | Sheryl Kara Sandberg (1969-08-28) August 28, 1969 (age 42) Washington, D.C. |
| Alma mater | Harvard College (A.B.) Harvard Business School (M.B.A.) |
| Occupation | COO of Facebook |
| Salary | $300,000 (2011)[1] |
| Spouse | Brian Kraff (divorced 2004); David Goldberg (2004–present) |
| Children | 2[2] |
Sheryl Kara Sandberg[3] (born August 28, 1969) is an American businesswoman. She has served as the chief operating officer of Facebook since 2008. Prior to Facebook, Sandberg was Vice President of Global Online Sales and Operations at Google. She also was involved in launching Google's philanthropic arm Google.org. Prior to Google, Sandberg served as chief of staff for the United States Department of the Treasury. In 2012, she was named in Time 100, an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world assembled by Time.[4]
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Sandberg was born in 1969 in Washington, D.C.,[5] the daughter of Adele and Joel Sandberg and the oldest of three siblings.[3] Her family moved to North Miami Beach, Florida when she was two years old.[5] She attended public school, where she was "always at the top of her class."[5] Sandberg taught aerobics in the 1980s while in high school.[6]
In 1987, Sandberg enrolled at Harvard College and in 1991, graduated with a B.A. in Economics and was awarded the John H. Williams Prize for the top graduating student in economics.[7] While at Harvard, Sandberg met then professor Larry Summers who became her mentor and thesis adviser.[8] Summers recruited her to be his research assistant at the World Bank,[5] where she worked on health projects in India dealing with leprosy, AIDS, and blindness.[9]
In 1993, she enrolled at Harvard Business School and in 1995 she earned her M.B.A. with highest distinction.[7] After business school, Sandberg worked as a management consultant for McKinsey & Company. From 1996 to 2001, Sandberg served as Chief of Staff to then United States Secretary of the Treasury Larry Summers under President Bill Clinton where she helped lead the Treasury’s work on forgiving debt in the developing world during the Asian financial crisis.[9] She joined Google Inc. in 2001 and served as its Vice President of Global Online Sales & Operations, from November 2001 to March 2008. She was responsible for online sales of Google's advertising & publishing products and also for sales operations of Google's consumer products & Google Book Search. [10]
Facebook[link]
In late 2007, Mark Zuckerberg, co-founder and CEO of Facebook, met Sandberg at a Christmas party held by Dan Rosensweig; at the time, she was considering becoming a senior executive for the Washington Post Company.[5] Zuckerberg had no formal search for a COO but thought of Sandberg as "a perfect fit" for this role.[5] They spent more time together in January 2008 at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, and in March 2008 Facebook announced hiring Sheryl Sandberg away from Google.[11]
After joining the company, Sandberg quickly began trying to figure out how to make Facebook profitable. Before she joined, the company was "primarily interested in building a really cool site; profits, they assumed, would follow."[5] By late spring, Facebook's leadership had agreed to rely on advertising, "with the ads discreetly presented"; by 2010, Facebook became profitable.[5] According to Facebook, Sandberg oversees the firm's business operations including sales, marketing, business development, human resources, public policy and communications.[12]
Her executive compensation for FY 2011 was $300,000 base salary plus $30,491,613 in FB shares. According to her Form 3, she also owns 38,122,000 stock options and restricted stock units (worth approx. $1.45 billion as of mid-May 2012) that will be completely vested by May 2022, subject to her continued employment through the vesting date. [13]
Personal life[link]
In 2004, Sandberg married David Goldberg.[3] Goldberg later became CEO of SurveyMonkey.[5]
Other[link]
In 2009, Sandberg was named to the board of the Walt Disney Company.[14] She also joined the Board of Directors of Starbucks, which comes with a $280,000 annual salary.[15] She also serves on the boards of the Brookings Institution, Women for Women International, V-Day, and the Ad Council.[7] In 2008, she wrote an article for The Huffington Post in support of her mentor Larry Summers who was then under fire for his comments about women.[16] In May 2011, Sandberg gave the Commencement Address at the Barnard College graduation ceremony.[17]
Rankings[link]
Sheryl Sandberg has been ranked one of the 50 "Most Powerful Women in Business" by Fortune Magazine since at least 2008. In 2007, she was ranked #29 and was the youngest woman on the list.[18] In 2008, she was ranked #34.[19] In 2009, Sheryl was #22 on 50 Most Powerful Women in Business by Fortune.[20] In 2010, Sandberg was #16 on 50 Most Powerful Women in Business by Fortune.[21]
In addition, in 2007, she was ranked #19 on 50 "Women to Watch" by The Wall Street Journal.[22] She was ranked #21 on that list in 2008.[23] In 2011, she was ranked #5 on "the world's 100 most powerful women" by Forbes.[24]
Sandberg was also named one of the "25 Most Influential People on the Web" by Business Week.[25]
References[link]
- ^ Post a Job (2012-01-02). "REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON FORM S-1". UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1326801/000119312512034517/d287954ds1.htm. Retrieved 2011-03-10.
- ^ http://amazingwomenrock.com/sheryl-sandberg-coo-of-facebookformer-chief-of-staff-us-department-of-the-treasury
- ^ a b c "Sheryl Sandberg, David Goldberg". Weddings/Celebrations (The New York Times). 2004-04-18. http://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/18/style/weddings-celebrations-sheryl-sandberg-david-goldberg.html. Retrieved 2011-07-16.
- ^ Kent, Muhtar (18 April 2012). "Sheryl Sandberg - The 100 Most Influential People". Time. http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2111975_2111976_2112093,00.html. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Auletta, Ken (2011-07-11). "A Woman’s Place". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/07/11/110711fa_fact_auletta?currentPage=all. Retrieved 2011-07-16.
- ^ "Sheryl Sandberg on Facebook's Future". BusinessWeek. 2009-04-08. http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/apr2009/tc2009048_429871_page_2.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ a b c "Executive Bios". Facebook. http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?execbios. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ Hempel, Jessi (2008-04-11). "Sheryl Sandberg: Facebook's new number two to Zuckerberg - Apr. 11, 2008". Money.CNN.com. http://money.cnn.com/2008/04/11/technology/facebook_sandberg.fortune/index.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ a b "Sheryl Sandberg, An Inside View of Facebook". Newsweek. 2008-10-04. http://www.newsweek.com/id/162350. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ "Bloomberg Businessweek EXECUTIVE PROFILE* Sheryl K. Sandberg, Chief Operating Officer, Facebook, Inc.". Bloomberg Businessweek. http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/people/person.asp?personId=27544173. Retrieved 2012-02-11.
- ^ Swisher, Kara (2008-03-04). "Sheryl Sandberg Will Become COO of Facebook". All Things Digital. http://kara.allthingsd.com/20080304/sheryl-sandberg-will-become-coo-of-facebook/?mod=ATD_search. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ "Executive Bios". Facebook.com. 2011-09-17. https://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?execbios. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
- ^ http://www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewsecfiling/articleid/5849482
- ^ "UPDATE 2-Disney nominates Facebook's Sandberg to board". Reuters. 2009-12-23. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN2315778020091223?type=marketsNews/. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ Arrington, Michael (2009-03-27). "Facebook COO Sandberg Joins Starbucks Board Of Directors". Techcrunch.com. http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/03/27/facebook-coo-sandberg-joins-starbucks-board-of-directors/. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ "Sheryl Sandberg: Larry Summers' True Record on Women". Huffington Post. 2008-12-08. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sheryl-sandberg/what-larry-summers-has-do_b_142126.html. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ http://www.barnard.edu/headlines/facebook-executive-sheryl-sandberg-address-barnard-graduates
- ^ Benner, Katie. "The Power 50 - Sheryl Sandberg (29) - FORTUNE". Money.CNN.com. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0709/gallery.women_mostpowerful.fortune/29.html. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ "50 Most Powerful Women - Sheryl Sandberg (34)". Money.CNN.com. 2008-10-16. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2008/fortune/0809/gallery.women_mostpowerful.fortune/34.html. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ "50 Most Powerful Women - 22. Sheryl Sandberg". Money.CNN.com. 2009-09-15. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2009/fortune/0909/gallery.most_powerful_women.fortune/22.html. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ "50 Most Powerful Women - 16. Sheryl Sandberg (16) - FORTUNE". Money.CNN.com. 2010-09-29. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2010/fortune/1009/gallery.most_powerful_women.fortune/16.html. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
- ^ "The Other Women to Watch". The Wall Street Journal. 2007-11-19. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119517314579995043.html. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ "50 Women to Watch in 2008". The Wall Street Journal. 2008-11-10. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122608990529609245.html#project%3DTOP50WOMEN%26articleTabs%3Dinteractive. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
- ^ "The world's 100 most powerful women". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/wealth/power-women#p_2_s_arank. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
- ^ "The 25 Most Influential People on the Web: The Adult: Sheryl Sandberg". BusinessWeek. http://images.businessweek.com/ss/08/09/0929_most_influential/19.htm. Retrieved 2010-07-22.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sheryl Sandberg |
| Business positions | ||
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| Preceded by Owen Van Natta |
Chief Operating Officer of Facebook 2008-present |
Incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Sandberg, Sheryl |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Business executive |
| Date of birth | 1969-08-28 |
| Place of birth | Washington, DC |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Sheryl_Sandberg
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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| Robin Kelly | |
|---|---|
| Member of the Illinois House of Representatives from the 38th district |
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| In office 2001 - 2007 |
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| Succeeded by | Al Riley |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1956-04-30) April 30, 1956 (age 56) New York City, New York |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouse(s) | Nathaniel Horn |
| Residence | Matteson, Illinois |
| Alma mater | Bradley University (B.A., M.A.), Northern Illinois University (Ph.D.) |
| Occupation | public service[vague] |
Robin Kelly served as chief of staff for former Illinois State Treasurer Alexi Giannoulias from 2007-2010. She was the 2010 Democratic nominee for Illinois State Treasurer. As of December 2010, Robin Kelly serves as the Cook County Chief Administrative Officer.
Contents |
Early life, education and career[link]
Born in New York, Kelly obtained her B.A. and her M.A. from Bradley University, and her Ph.D. from Northern Illinois University. While in Peoria in the 1980s, Kelly worked as a community activist.
Kelly has worked in public service[vague] in Illinois for 25 years. She was Director of the Crisis Nursery at Crittenton Care and Counseling Center from 1984 through 1987, then Associate Director of The Youth Shelter from 1987 through 1990. From 1990 through 1992 she was Minority Student Services Director at Bradley University. From 1992 through 2006 she served as a Director of Community Affairs in Matteson. She is co-founder and past president of the Unity Coalition of the South Suburbs.
Kelly has served as a Commissioner on Human Rights in Cook County since 1998, and a Board Member of the Hate Crimes Commission since 2005. She has been a board member for the Rich Township Food Pantry since 1994 and the Illinois Theatre Center since 1993.
Kelly has been a Bradley University Trustee since 2003, and a board member of the Bradley University Council since 1998. In October 2009, Kelly was inducted into the University’s Centurion Society, an honored alumni group of respected leaders in their fields.
Illinois Legislature[link]
In 2002, Kelly challenged a 10-year incumbent Illinois state representative and was elected to the Illinois General Assembly in 2002. She served in the Illinois House of Representatives until 2007, representing Chicago’s south suburbs in the 38th District. She sponsored and co-sponsored numerous bills protecting victims of consumer fraud, supporting economic development, and improving mass transit. She also supported legislation to protect victims of domestic violence.
2010 Illinois Treasurer campaign[link]
See also: Illinois elections, 2010#Treasurer
Kelly ran for Illinois Treasurer as the Democratic nominee. but lost to Republican nominee Dan Rutherford. According to unofficial election results, Rutherford received 49.9% of the vote to Kelly's 45.1%.[1] Other candidates in the race were Constitution Party nominee Dawn Czarny, Green Party nominee Scott K. Summers, Libertarian nominee James Pauly, and Independent Conservative Christopher Pedersen.
Personal life[link]
Kelly lives in Matteson with her husband Nathaniel Horn.
References[link]
External links[link]
- Representative Robin Kelly (D) 38th District official Illinois General Assembly site
- Robin Kelly for State Treasurer official campaign site
- Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
- Campaign contributions at the National Institute for Money in State Politics
- Campaign contributions (2002, 2004, 2006) at the National Institute for Money in State Politics
- Robin Kelly profile at Illinois House Democrats
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Kelly, Robin |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American politician |
| Date of birth | April 30, 1956 |
| Place of birth | New York City, New York |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Robin_Kelly
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_Kelly
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
