For local government purposes, Wales has been divided into 22 single-tier principal areas since 1 April 1996.. The principal councils are responsible for the provision of all local government services, including education, social work, environment and roads services. Below these in some areas there are community councils, which cover specific areas within a principal council's area.
The principal areas are variously styled as "county", "county borough", "city" or "city and county". However some areas not styled as a "county" have mistakenly been referred to as such by the media, including by BBC Wales.
The Queen appoints a Lord Lieutenant to represent her in the eight preserved counties of Wales — which are combinations of principal council areas. However other subdivisions occur when dividing Wales into separate regions in the provisions of fire, and police services. For example there is a South Wales Police force, rather than the Glamorgan Police Force.
There are six cities in total in Wales: in addition to the three principal areas with city status, the communities of Bangor, St David's and St. Asaph also have the status. City status is determined by letters patent.
Wales i/ˈweɪlz/ (Welsh: Cymru;Welsh pronunciation: [ˈkəm.rɨ] ( listen)) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain,bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has a population of three million, and a total area of 20,779 km2 (8,023 sq mi). Wales has over 1,200 km (750 mi) of coastline, including its offshore islands; the largest, Anglesey (Ynys Môn), is also the largest island in the Irish Sea. Wales is largely mountainous, with its highest peaks in the north and central areas, especially in Snowdonia (Eryri), which contains Snowdon (Yr Wyddfa), its highest summit.
During the Iron Age and early medieval period, Wales was inhabited by the Celtic Britons. A distinct Welsh national identity emerged in the centuries after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century, and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations today. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was recognised as King of Wales in 1057. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England's conquest of Wales. The castles and town walls erected to ensure its permanence are now UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to what was to become modern Wales, in the early 15th century. Wales was subsequently annexed by England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535–1542 since when, excluding those matters now devolved to Wales, English law has been the legal system of Wales and England. Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century. Welsh Liberalism, exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George, was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party. Welsh national feeling grew over the century; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and The Welsh Language Society in 1962. The National Assembly for Wales, created in 1999 following a referendum, holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters.
An administrative division, subnational entity, or country subdivision is a portion of a country or other political division, established for the purpose of government. Administrative divisions are each granted a certain degree of autonomy, and are required to manage themselves through their own local governments. Countries are divided up into these smaller units to make managing their land and the affairs of their people easier. For example, a country may be divided into provinces, which in turn are divided into counties, which in turn may be divided in whole or in part into municipalities. These are only a few of the names given to administrative subdivisions; more examples are provided below.
Administrative divisions are conceptually separate from dependent territories, with the former being an integral part of the state and the other being only under some lesser form of control. However, the term "administrative division" can include dependent territories as well as accepted administrative divisions (for example, in geographical databases).
Nabila Ramdani is a Paris-born freelance journalist of Algerian descent who specialises in Anglo-French issues, Islamic affairs, and the Arab World.
Ramdani holds an MPhil in International History from the London School of Economics (LSE), and an MPhil in British and American History and Literature from Paris 7 University.
She has an Agrégation (France's highest teaching qualification) in English and has held teaching positions at Oxford University (Jesus and Oriel Colleges), the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, and Paris 7 University.
Ramdani began her career in journalism covering the 2007 French presidential elections for a number of UK newspapers, and working as a commentator for BBC TV and radio. She writes regular columns for The Guardian, London Evening Standard, and the New Statesman.
She also produces features and news stories for a wide range of other British publications, including The Daily Telegraph,The Sunday Telegraph, Daily Mail,Mail on Sunday, and The Sunday Times. Nabila’s work also appears in Middle Eastern newspapers including The National,Gulf News and Daily News Egypt, and she has contributed to the French publications Le Parisien, Marianne, L'Express, Le Monde, and Le Figaro. Ramdani's articles are syndicated worldwide.