Coordinates: 16°23′55.76″S 71°32′12.79″W / 16.3988222°S 71.5368861°W / -16.3988222; -71.5368861
Arequipa (Spanish pronunciation: [aɾeˈkipa]) is the capital city of the Arequipa Region in southern Peru. With a population of 836,859 it is the second most populous city of the country. Arequipa lies in the Andes mountains, at an altitude of 2,335 meters (7,661 ft) above sea level; the former snow-capped volcano El Misti overlooks the city.
The city has many colonial-era Spanish buildings built of sillar, a pearly white volcanic rock, from which it gets the nickname La Ciudad Blanca ("The White City").[1] Reportedly, it first acquired this nickname in the colonial era, because most of its inhabitants were Creole of Iberian descent. The historic centre of Arequipa was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000, in recognition of its architecture and historic integrity.
Soon after its founding, the city became a major commercial hub of southern Peru, accumulating commercial and administrative functions. In times of the Viceroyalty of Peru it was an important economic hub in southern Peru. It played a significant role in the history of the Republic of Peru, declaring itself "Capital of the Republic" during the government of Montero. Arequipa has also been home of many of the outstanding intellectual and political figures, as well as religious icons, in the country. In recent decades it has become an important industrial and commercial center in Peru, now being the second most industrialized city in Perú.
It has several industrial parks, as the city has close trade ties with Chile, Bolivia and Brazil; it also has links with cities connected by the Southern Railway and with the port of Matarani.
There are various traditions about the name, said to come from the Quechua or Aymara languages. One tradition says that the Inca Mayta Cápac received a petition from his subjects to reach the valley of the Chili. They requested permission to stay in the region, because they were amazed by the beautiful scenery and mild climate. The Inca responded, "Ari qhipay" (in Quechua: "Yes, stay"). This was the etymology described by a Calancha father, which was translated by J. Ignacio Gamio.
Another version was that of the missionary Padre Blas Sailing and the 16th century Peruvian historian, Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. They said that the name came from an old dialect of Aymara. Ari qquepan (literally, way of war horn) was named after a marine snail which the Indians used as a horn. In English the phrase means "trumpet sound".
Juan de la Cruz Salas y Sanchez and the historian Ernst Middendorf proposed an etymology that recognized the area was settled by people of highland (Aymara) origin. They contend the name is derived from Aymara, with the phrase ari qhipaya; ari (acute, sharp or pointed) and qhipaya (behind), meaning "behind the bill", referring to the volcanic cone of El Misti, Arequipa, which dominates the skyline.
The Incas believed Cuzco to be the center of the world. They referred to the area of Arequipa as the "land or place behind the volcanoes", or other location behind the mountains, or ariq qipao.
The climate of Arequipa is warm and rather dry all through the year. Arequipa lies alongside the southernmost tip of Peru's Desert Coast and enjoys plenty of sunny weather, with daytime temperatures rarely dipping much below 20 °C (68 °F) or thereabouts.
However, by night, temperatures in Arequipa can drop sharply, particularly in June, July and August, when evening temperatures hover around 10 °C (50 °F), and at times fall to 5 °C (41 °F).
Despite its location well within the tropical zone along with the rest of the entire nation of Peru, Arequipa's exceptionally high elevation allows temperatures in the city, even on the sultriest summer days, to never typically exceed 25 °C (77 °F).
| Arequipa |
| Climate chart (explanation) |
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| Imperial conversion |
| J |
F |
M |
A |
M |
J |
J |
A |
S |
O |
N |
D |
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| Average max. and min. temperatures in °F |
| Precipitation totals in inches |
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| Climate data for Arequipa, Peru |
| Month |
Jan |
Feb |
Mar |
Apr |
May |
Jun |
Jul |
Aug |
Sep |
Oct |
Nov |
Dec |
Year |
| Average high °C (°F) |
21.8
(71.2) |
21.4
(70.5) |
24.2
(75.6) |
24.7
(76.5) |
22.3
(72.1) |
21.7
(71.1) |
21.7
(71.1) |
22.2
(72.0) |
22.7
(72.9) |
22.8
(73.0) |
22.7
(72.9) |
22.5
(72.5) |
22.6
(72.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) |
8.5
(47.3) |
8.7
(47.7) |
8.3
(46.9) |
7.1
(44.8) |
6.2
(43.2) |
5.4
(41.7) |
5.2
(41.4) |
5.4
(41.7) |
6.2
(43.2) |
6.4
(43.5) |
6.6
(43.9) |
7.6
(45.7) |
6.8
(44.2) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) |
27.5
(1.083) |
39.9
(1.571) |
20.6
(0.811) |
0.6
(0.024) |
0.1
(0.004) |
0.1
(0.004) |
0
(0) |
1.0
(0.039) |
0.8
(0.031) |
0.2
(0.008) |
1.0
(0.039) |
4.7
(0.185) |
96.5
(3.799) |
| Source: World Climate[2] |
On 15 August 1540, day of the Virgin of the Assumption, is founded the Villa de la Asunción de Nuestra Señora del Valle Hermoso de Arequipa by Lieutenant Governor
Garci Manuel de Carbajal, on the left bank of the River Chili.
Arequipa is located in the southwestern part of the country and is the second biggest city of Peru, with a population of almost one million. It is the largest city in the Peruvian Andes. It is also the capital of the department of Arequipa, 1,000 km from Lima. The city sits at an altitude of 2,335 metres above sea level in a mountainous desert in the western Andes, at the foot of El Misti volcano.
El Misti is currently inactive, but had strong eruptions between the years 1438 and 1471. It is located between two small volcanoes, Chachani and Picchu Picchu. Both names come from the Quechua language from the Inca Empire. Arequipa has more than 80 volcanoes nearby, most of which can be found in the Valley of the Volcanoes. Unfortunately the city was built on a very earthquake prone area, and was completely destroyed by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions during the 17th century.
There is archaeological evidence of the Aymaras from the pre Inca period in Lake Titicaca. During the 15th century, the region occupied by the Aymaras was conquered by the Incas and served as an important provider of agricultural products for the Inca Empire. One explanation of the name is that the Aymara named the city Ari, which means "peak", and quipa, "to lie behind". Therefore, the name Arequipa means "The place that lies behind the peak (Misti)".
The modern city of Arequipa was founded on 15 August 1540 by Garci Manuel de Carbajal, an emissary of the conqueror Francisco Pizarro. A year later King Charles V of Spain gave it the rank of city and the coat of arms that it still bears.
On 21 July 1821, Don José de San Martín declared Peru's independence from the Spanish colony, and during the 19th century Arequipa housed many Peruvian nationalists. During this period Arequipa became known across the continent as a land of leaders, and for the courage of the Arequipeñan rebels.
Its colonial buildings were erected in sillar (pearl coloured volcanic rock) which was used abundantly throughout the city, giving it the nickname of "The White City". The historic centre was named a World Heritage site by UNESCO in December 2000 due to its architecture and historical integrity. "The historic centre of Arequipa is an example of ornamental architecture, representing a masterpiece of the European creative coalition and native characteristics." "A colonial village challenged by the conditions of nature, indigenous influence, the process of conquest and evangelization as well as spectacular natural scenery."
The White City of Arequipa has become the centre of economic growth in the south and is one of the most important milk producers in the country. This has allowed Arequipa to develop and grow in population and change over the years. In the mid-20th century there was an influx of immigration from the highlands and mountain areas, and now Arequipa's population is a mixture of Spanish, indigenous and mixed.[3]
Panoramic from Chilina, area near at forest of the same name, in it is the Canyon and the Chili valley, on the first is crossed by the river that takes the same name to go through the city.
The city of Arequipa is located in the southwestern part of the country, between the coastal area of the coastal desert and the spurs of the western Andes. It possesses a series of volcanic cones such as "El Misti", "Chachani" and "Pichu Pichu". Its territory is rugged due to the presence of the Andes in the west of the continent, and is characterized by thick layers of volcanic lava that cover large areas of its geography. There are low-lying plains and dunes that are features. Particularly beautiful and developed are those seen on the plains of Majes, Sihuas and La Joya.
The city is located at an altitude of 2328 m; the lowest part of the city lies at an altitude of 2041 m. in El Huayco and Uchumayo. The highest point is located to 2810 m. The city is crossed by the River Chili from north to south.
Skyline of Yanahuara and Cayma districts.
The contribution of the city of Arequipa to Peru's GDP is 5.7% (74.2% of GDP in the Arequipa region), being the second highest in the country.
According to recent reports on the American Economy it is the "City with greatest economic growth in Latin America", presenting a percentage change in GDP per capita of 66.1% in the period 2003–2008. Also in the 2007–2008 period it was the city with the highest percentage change in GDP in Latin America with a variation of 9.59%.
The city of Arequipa has certain characteristics which give it economic importance, among which are:
- It has an important administrative, agricultural, commercial, financial and industrial role in the area of international trade.
- It is the city of greatest economic diversification in the country.
- The city of Arequipa contributed 74.2% of the 7.7% of GDP provided by the department of Arequipa in national GDP.
- It concentrates 42% of the SMEs (small and medium enterprises) in the southern region, generating 52% of the regional SAP, and SAP has the largest trade amounting to 50,000 workers.
The city of Arequipa from the 20th century has developed industries related to the primary sector and the alpaca and wool industries, providing a center of exchange and mediation in the southern Andes, and serving as a link between the coast and the mountains.
The city of Arequipa, in the "Specialized Household Survey on Employment Levels 2007", is the city after Lima with the largest number of people economically suitable for work amounting to 625,547 people, and the most economically active population (PEA) which amounts to 376,764 people. In the same survey the city of Arequipa has a rate of work activity above the national average.
The economically active population is distributed as follows: quarrying activities (7.1%), manufacturing (12.9%), construction (4.8%), trade (23%), non-personal services (36, 6%), personal services (11.4%), households (4.1%).
The city shows high percentages of income. The income from the PEA of Arequipa is located above the national average. The city is one of the cities with highest earnings in Peru, together with the city of Cajamarca, Cusco, Metropolitan Lima and Puno; these four cities and Arequipa are above the Peru average.
The city's industrial sector has the highest level of diversification, and Arequipa is the second most industrialized city in Peru as a result of an Industrial Park that was established during the first government of Fernando Belaúnde Terry. After two major earthquakes, in 1958 and 1960, with the Law of the Committee for the Rehabilitation and Development of Arequipa, the Industrial Park was built with two or three factories at that time, and the Yura Cement factory.
The city's industrial sector comprises industrial parks which include the "Parque Industrial de Arequipa" (for large and medium enterprises), the "Industrial Park APIMA" (small enterprises) and the "Industrial Park Rio Seco" and industrial areas in the Alfonso Ugarte avenue, in Uchumayo, and in the North.
There are currently over 150 companies operating at Arequipa's industrial park, including: Alicorp SAA, Processed Foods SA, Laive, La Iberica, Manuel Muñoz Najar, Bin Pan SA, Consorcio Industrial Arequipa SA, Omniagro, Backus and Johnston, Corporación Aceros Arequipa, etc. The city also boasts a well-developed cotton textile industry as well as alpaca and wool factories represented by such private stores as Francky and Ricky, Michell & Cia, and IncaTops.
Tourism is an important economic factor for Arequipa Hotels, the third most visited city in Peru. 1,217,254 people visited Arequipa in 2008, 290,983 of whom were foreign (23.9%). It is the third most visited city in Peru after Lima and Cuzco.
People who visit this city can admire the colonial architecture in the historical center of Arequipa, the magnificent Inca terraces in the countryside surrounding districts, and a very extensive landscape, product of human and nature creation, an important factor in its declaration as Cultural Heritage Humanity.
View of the Plaza de Armas of Arequipa, located in the heart of the historic centre of Arequipa and founding the centre of itself. From left to right are the portal of the City Hall, The portal of San Agustín, the portals of the Cathedral and the Basilica Cathedral of Arequipa.
The city was founded on 15 August 1540 by several Spanish conquistadors, in a valley formerly inhabited by successive pre-Hispanic cultures, who provided the place names of the city and its surroundings. Opposite the Spanish trace survives the nearest Indian village (now suburb of San Lazaro).
The role of the "sillar", (volcanic rock) began in the last third of the 16th century. This volcanic stone, pearl or pink in color, free, inexhaustible, soft, light, thermal, aesthetic and weatherproof, emerged as a seismic structural solution. Sillar was not used much in the early years, except for the covers of the main church and some houses. The original Arequipa was built with adobe, masonry, sticks and straw roofs or mud pie. Houses of this type were made until the 19th century and were common in the 18th century; some remain in the original district of San Lazaro. Later came the brick and tile houses, as found in the Monastery of Santa Catalina. The cataclysm of 1582 settled these systems and raised the issue of earthquake reconstruction. It appeared then that sillar was the prime structural solution.
The Company Church, localized near the Main Square
Great earthquakes marked milestones in the formation of the architecture of Arequipa. There were five main periods:
- Founding and village (1540–1582),
- Splendor of Baroque (1582–1784),
- Rococo and Neoclassical Reviews (1784–1868),
- Empiricism and modernizing
- Neo-colonialism (1868–1960) and contemporary.
The 'Mirador of Yanahuara', made of a volcanic rock called sillar.
The sillar has had a gravitating presence in the region, since the almost magical use by pre-Incan cultures. The early settlers of the region used it to make petroglyphs and pictographs.
Currently the most important ashlar (dressed sillar) constructions are:
- The Main Square, the Cathedral and Town Hall, with beautiful architecture and surrounded by arches of ashlar frequented by tourists. The facade of the cathedral, with neoclassical architectural style with French influences, occupies one side of the Main Square of Arequipa and shows three covers, plus two big bronze medals.
- Other important constructions are those made with religious influence. Those include the Santa Catalina Monastery (the most important religious monument of Peru). The Company Church and its cloisters, founded by Jesuits on the 17th century (which sometimes hosts different cultural and fashion events), the Church and Convent of La "Merced", the Colonial Architectural "San Francisco" (16th century), the Franciscan Convent "La Recoleta", etc.
- Among the 500 old and colonial houses, the most important are "La Casa del Moral", "La Casa de Tristán del Pozo", "La Casa de Irriberry", "La Casa del Pastor", "El Palacio de Goyeneche" and "La Mansión del Fundador".
- Villa Hermosa de Yanahuara, located 2 kilometers from the city, famous for its churches built in Andalusian style, and now the eponymous district is considered as Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
- Villa de Cayma, 3 kilometers west of the centre, known for its "picanterías" and a beautiful 17th century church. It has a viewpoint (Carmen Alto) which affords a beautiful view of Arequipa.
- The thermal baths of Yura, 30 km. west. Its waters come from inside the volcano of Chachani. Also, near the city are the medicinal sources of Jesus and Socosani.
- Sabandia, a natural valley with the most crystalline waters in the region. Here there is the Sabandía mill, built in the 18th century and still working.
- La Mansión del Fundador, is located 12 km. from the city. Built next to the Socabaya River, it is a residence that belonged to different owners of historic renown in Peru. This beautiful piece of architecture is open to the public.
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Inside Santa Catalina Monastery
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Colorful Religious Mini City
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Traditional Bulls fighting
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The city of Arequipa has Rodríguez Ballón International Airport. It is located in the district of Cerro Colorado, about 12 km. northwest of the centre at an altitude of 2561 meters and has an asphalt runway 2,980 m by 45 m. The airport holds daily air connections with the cities of Lima, Cusco, Tacna and Juliaca and international destinations such as Arica, Iquique, Antofagasta and Santiago de Chile, along with regular flights to Santa Cruz and La Paz in Bolivia.
In 2007 it had a flow of passengers equal to 575,587 passengers and a load flow of 2,083,196 kg. in the same year, it become second in the southern region for passenger traffic flow after Velasco Astete International Airport in Cuzco city, and third in the country. In 2008 the airport became the second largest airport in international passenger flow, behind Jorge Chávez International Airport.
The railway transport enables communication between the coast and the mountains, with different levels of progress and expansion of population centers in the region. The system is formed by the lines: Cusco-Puno-Arequipa-Mollendo. It is strategically important in a multimodal communication system in the southern region, because it is the most efficient and economical way to transport heavy loads over long distances, especially for the mining industry. In Arequipa, the rail lines are no longer used for passenger traffic.
The city of Arequipa has a road network of 1750 km. It has the second largest fleet of Peru (after Lima), with a size of 130,000 vehicles, comprising 86% urban transport, 3% smaller vehicles (motorbikes), 10% freight transport (trucks, trailers), and 4% interprovincial transportation (buses).
According to information from the 2007 Census in Arequipa, there is a student population of 823,148 people over 3 years old who attend a regular school, which represents 95.24% of the entire provincial population of Arequipa. Most education services are concentrated in metropolitan Arequipa.
In 2007 there were 22,819 kindergarten or nursery students, 165,212 in primary education, and about 245,250 in secondary education. The number of non-university students is 143,674.
The percentage of students in the city of Arequipa is the highest in Peru, representing 24.8% of the population of the city and stands at a figure of 210,032 students {{http://www.inei.gob.pe/biblioineipub/bancopub/Est/Lib0838/libro17/index.htm}. Therefore, Arequipa is Peru's second city but has the largest university population.
The city of Arequipa has the presence of local and foreign universities. Ten of them are private universities and there is a national one.
- Universidad Alas Peruanas
- Universidad Néstor Cáceres Velásquez[4]
- Universidad Tecnologica del Perú (UTP)
- Universidad Los Angeles de Chimbote
- National University of San Marcos (headquarter)
- Universidad del El Mar (Chile)
- Universidad Autónoma de San Francisco
The town has various sporting facilities that has produced several outstanding athletes, and can be considered one of Peru's better prepared cities for the training of elite athletes. Among the facilities the city has for the practice of football are Universidad Nacional San Agustin Stadium, the Mariano Melgar Stadium, the Los Palitos stadium and Umacollo Stadium. The city of Arequipa has a good variety of facilities in which its practiced a lot of sports like football, tennis, basketball, swimming, golf, etc. Many local people are members of the Club International, which has a broad range of activities.
Soccer(football) is one of the most popular sports in the city and in the country. Arequipa has been represented by the FBC Melgar club, which has been the only provincial team to win the Peruvian Cup since 1971.
The total list of important Arequipean soccer(football) teams is:
- FBC Melgar
- FBC Piérola
- Sportivo Huracan
- White Star
- FBC Aurora
- FBC Carsa
- FBC Temperley
- Club IDUNSA
Athletics is another of the most developed sport activities. Several athletes has represented the city in national and international events. Arequipa was named the trans-Andean champion in the XI JUDEJUT PERU 2008.
There are two places where this sport can be practiced. The first is on the Jacobo Hunter district, better known as Cerro Juli, and the other, called Kartomania, is at the south end of La Marina Avenue bordering the Rio Chili.
There are the Karate Shotokan practised by the UNSA, Tae-kwondo Kyokushin Kai, and Kung Fu. Important figures in these sports are Sempai Danilo Tejada Loaiza, Sifu Alexander Lopez Fernandez, and Sensei Yoriko Bezerra, who have had very long careers and are supported by the IPD (Peruvian Sport Institute)
There are two main public swimming pools, a 50 m. outdoor pool in Cayma, and a 35 m. indoor pool in Miraflores.
Arequipean culture is marked by the regional nature of its inhabitants. Arequipa, unlike other big Peruvian mestizo and indigenous cities features as "a Spanish island in an indigenous sea", is the wellspring of juxtaposed positions, and has regional patterns more clearly defined than the rest of Peru. It has been described by Thomas Love as a cultural oasis.
Arequipan cuisine has been more heavily influenced by Spanish colonial cuisine than that in Lima and it has remained relatively free from the later influence of immigrants who migrated to Lima, such as the Chinese and Japanese. For example, a Spanish rabbit stew continues to be popular in Arequipa while in Lima it has now become a rare dish. The area's peppers and chili peppers, various fruits and vegetables, beef, sheep, guinea pig, pig, alpaca, ostrich, variety of fish and shrimp, milk and high quality cheeses, wines and pisco, corn, all provide great flavors. The restaurants where traditional food is sold are called picanterías.
Traditionally, a set list of dishes are served on each day of the week (and seldom changes) as was common during the Spanish colonial period. Monday: chaque, Tuesday: chair, Wednesday: chochoca, Thursday: red stew or potato flour, Friday: stew, Saturday: stew or timpusca, and Sunday: white broth, pebre loins and adobo.
Arequipa is known for its Spanish colonial style stews and casseroles cooked on firewood in clay pots at picantería. Among the best known are the Chupe de Camarones (shrimp), Ocopa Arequipeña, Rocoto Relleno (stuffed chili), Adobo, Solterito de Queso, Potato Cake, Costillar Frito, Cuy Chactado (Guinea Pig), Cauche de Queso, Locro, Chaque de Pecho, etc. Common items for desert include: Queso Helado, donuts, Spanish style convent candy, chocolates and Chicha de Jora (made of black corn, beer and anise liqueur).
Mario Vargas Llosa, considered one of the most important writers of his generation
The identity of Arequipean literature is well-defined. Mariano Melgar is one of the most important writers, then we have poetic voices from Benito Bonifaz, Manuel Castillo, José Mariano Llosa, Ignacio Gamio, among others. Writers like Manuel González Prada said, "No se nace en vano al pie de un volcán (In English: "Not in vain were we born at the foot of a volcano)", showing the pride and the loftiness that have always been notorious among the older people.
Currently Arequipa maintains a very intense literary life, and aims to develop a magnificent literature culture, making Arequipa the City of Culture in Peru. Arequipa is also known for the most important Peruvian writer alive, Mario Vargas Llosa, winner of the 2010 Nobel Prize of Literature.
- Ignacio Álvarez Thomas, soldier who fought in the independence war in Argentina. Supreme Director of the Argentine Federation from 1815 to 1816.
- Ana de los Angeles Monteagudo, famous cloistered nun
- Víctor Andrés Belaúnde, lawyer, chaired two sessions of the UN General Assembly
- Rafael Velarde, politician, Deputy, Minister of Foreign Affairs (1879)
- Carlos Baca-Flor, famous painter
- José Bustamante y Rivero, president of Peru (1945–1948)
- Pedro Diez Canseco, two-time president of Perú. He was previously vice president twice.
- Francisco García Calderón, president of Peru (1881)
- Eduardo López de Romaña, president of Peru (1899–1903)
- Mariano Bustamante, Peruvian hero of the War of the Pacific
- Mariano Melgar, poet, independence fighter
- Mario Vargas Llosa, writer, politician, journalist, essayist, and Nobel Prize laureate.
- Alberto Hidalgo, poet
- Pío de Tristán, Peruvian general, Mayor of Arequipa (1808)
- Francisco Xavier de Luna Pizarro, priest and politician; president of Peru during two brief occasions
- Nicolás de Piérola, president of Peru 1879–1881 and 1895–1899
- Alex Olmedo, tennis player, ranked No. 1 in the world in 1959
- Mario Cavagnaro, prolific composer of Peruvian criollo music and boleros.
- Pedro Paulet, scientist, engineer, and statesman; the inventor of the liquid fuel motor (1895) and the first modern rocket propulsion system (1900)
- Honorio Delgado, renowned psychiatrist
- Mariano Felipe Paz Soldan, historian and geographer
- Mariano Eduardo de Rivero y Ustariz, most notable Peruvian scientist of the 19th century
- Julio Málaga Grenet, famous caricaturist
- Jose Said, successful businessman founder of Parque Arauco S.A.
- Hernando de Soto, renowned international economist
- Alberto Vargas, painter, noted for his famous Vargas Girls collection
- Jorge Vinatea Reinoso, painter
- Juan Pablo Vizcardo y Guzman, Jesuit priest, precursor of the Peruvian Independence
- Everardo Zapata Santillana, educator; author of the bestselling children's book Coquito.
- Pedro Ximénez Abril y Tirado, notable 19th-century composer of symphonies and concerts for violin and guitar
- Percy Gibson Moller, poet
- Eusebio Quiroz Paz Soldan, historian; one of the most important historians in southern Peru
- Duilio Beretta Avalos, Young tennis player winner of the French and US Open junior doubles titles.
- Teodoro Nuñez Ureta, Painter and a writer, noted for an original and distinctive style in Latin American art.
- Antonio Cornejo Polar, Professor considered an authority on Latin-American literature and culture.
- Vladimiro Montesinos, corrupt politician.
- Benigno Ballón Farfán, composer.
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 Charlotte, North Carolina, United States (since 1963)[5] Córdoba (Córdoba, Argentina), (since 1992) Guanajuato (Guanajuato, Mexico) (since 2004)[6] Arica, (Chile)- Iquique (Chile) (since 2005)[7]
- Guadalajara (Jalisco, Mexico)
 Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia), (since 1989)- Seattle (Washington, United States)
 Chiclayo (Lambayeque, Peru)- Cochabamba (Bolivia)[8]
 Lins (São Paulo, Brazil) Troyes (France)- Vancouver (Washington, United States)[9]
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 Guayaquil, (Ecuador), since 1995- Acapulco (Guerrero, Mexico), since 1998
 London (England, United Kingdom), since 2001- Mexico City (Mexico)
- Piura (Piura, Peru)
- Compiègne (France)
- Maui (Hawaii, United States)[10]
 Saint Petersburg (Russia) Biella (Italy), (since 1979)[11] Montevideo (Uruguay)- Milan (Italy)
- Florence (Italy), (since 2008)[12]
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 Peruvian cities with a population of over 100,000 |
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![Fuertes Lluvias Afectan Gravemente a Arequipa (08/02/2013) [3/10]](http://web.archive.org./web/20130503052043im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/dwNowFMMYtw/default.jpg "Fuertes Lluvias Afectan Gravemente a Arequipa (08/02/2013) [3/10]")
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