This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2008)

Chest
Chest anatomy
Surface projections of the organs of the trunk, with chest region seen stretching down to approximately the end of the oblique lung fissure anteriorly, but more deeply it its lower limit rather corresponds to the upper border of the liver.
Latin	thorax

The chest (Greek: θώραξ, Latin: thorax) is a part of the anatomy of humans and various other animals. It is sometimes referred to as the thorax or the bosom.^[1][2]

Chest anatomy - humans and other hominids[link]

This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this article to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (June 2008)

In hominids, the chest is the region of the body between the neck and the abdomen, along with its internal organs and other contents. It is mostly protected and supported by the ribcage, spine, and shoulder girdle. Contents of the chest include the following:

• organs
  • heart
  • lungs
  • Thymus

An X-ray of a human chest area, with some structures labeled

• muscles
  • major and minor pectoral muscles
  • trapezius muscles and neck
• internal structures
  • diaphragm
  • esophagus
  • trachea
  • xiphoid process
• arteries and veins
  • aorta
  • superior vena cava
  • inferior vena cava
  • pulmonary artery
• bones
  • the shoulder socket containing the upper part of the humerus
  • scapula
  • sternum
  • thoracic portion of the spine
  • collarbone
  • ribcage
  • Floating ribs
• external structures
  • nipples
  • mammary glands
  • The V of the chest is the area exposed by open-necked shirts.^[3]
• thoracic abdomen (stomach, kidney/adrenal, pancreas, spleen, and lower oesophagus)

In humans, the portion of the chest protected by the ribcage is also called the thorax.

Chest injury[link]

Injury to the chest (also referred to as chest trauma, thoracic injury, or thoracic trauma) results in up to ¼ of all deaths due to trauma in the United States.^[4]

Chest diseases[link]

Different types of diseases or conditions that can be experienced in the chest include pleurisy, flail chest, atelectasis, and the most common condition, chest pain. These conditions can be caused by birth defects, trauma, or in some cases because of heredity. It is important that all conditions are discussed with a physician and not diagnosed to ensure that proper treatment is given. Any condition that lowers the ability to breathe deeply or decreases a persons ability to cough is considered a chest disease or condition.

Chest pain[link]

Chest pain can be the result of multiple issues including respiratory problems, digestive issues, musculoskeletal complications. The pain can trigger cardiac issues as well. Not all pain that is felt is associated with the heart, but it should not be taken lightly either. Symptoms can be different depending on the cause of the pain.^[5] While cardiac issues cause feelings of sudden pressure in the chest or a crushing pain in the back, neck and arms, pain that is felt due to non cardiac issues gives a burning feeling along the digestive tract or pain when deep breaths are attempted. It is important to understand that pains will be felt differently for each person even if they are experiencing the same condition. Only a patient will truly know if the symptoms are something mild or serious.

Chest pain may be a symptom of myocardial infarction. If this condition is present in the body, discomfort will be felt in the chest that is similar to a heavy weight being placed on the body. Sweating, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and irregular heartbeat can also be experienced. If heart attack occurs, the bulk of damage is caused during the first six hours, so getting the proper treatment quickly as possible is important. Some people, especially those who are elderly or have diabetes, may not have typical chest pain but may have many of the other symptoms of a heart attack. It is important that these patients and their care givers have a good understanding of heart attack symptoms.

Non cardiac causes of chest pain[link]

Just like with a heart attack, not all chest pain is suffered because of a condition involving the heart. Chest wall pain can be experienced after an increase in activity. Persons who add exercise to their daily routine generally feel this type of pain at the beginning. It is important to monitor the pain to ensure that it is not a sign of something more serious. Pain can also be experienced in persons who have an upper respiratory infection. This virus will also be accompanied by fever and cough. Shingles is another viral infection that can give symptoms of chest or rib pain before a rash develops. Injuries to the rib cage or sternum is also a common cause of chest pain. It is generally felt when deep breaths are taken or during cough.

Atelectasis[link]

Another non cardiac cause of chest pain is atelectasis. It is a condition that suffered when a portion of the lung collapses from being airless. When bronchial tubes are blocked, this condition develops and will cause patients to feel a shortness of breath. The most common cause of atelectasis is when a bronchi that extends from the windpipe is blocked and traps air. The blockage may be caused by something inside the bronchus, such as a plug of mucus, a tumour, or an inhaled foreign object such as a coin, piece of food, or a toy.^[6] It is possible for something outside of the bronchus to cause the blockage.

Pneumothorax[link]

Pneumothorax is air or gas can build up in the pleural space. It can occur without a known cause or as the result of a lung disease or acute lung injury.^[7] The size of the pneumothorax will change as the liquid builds up, so a medical procedure can be used to drain the liquid with a needle. If it is untreated, blood flow can be interrupted and cause a drop in blood pressure known as tension pneumothorax. It is possible for smaller cases to clear up on their own. Symptoms of this condition are often felt only on one side of the lung or as a shortness of breath.

Cancer of the lung[link]

Cancer that forms in tissues of the lung, usually in the cells lining air passages.^[8] In 90% of patients, the cause for lung cancer is tobacco use. Other causes of lung cancer include secondhand smoke, air pollution, asbestos, and lung diseases like tuberculosis (TB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cancer occurs when normal cells undergo a transformation that causes them to grow and multiply without the normal controls.^[9] Symptoms include persistent cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain. Many chest disease are experienced by a person diagnosed with lung cancer and should not be taken lightly. Proper treatment of the underlying cause or new ailments will help with the treatment of the cancer.

References[link]

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chests

Look up chest in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Thoracic cavity
• Pectus excavatum
• Pectus carinatum
• Breast
• Chest hair
• Barechested

v t e Human regional anatomy (TA A01.1) Head Forehead · Ear · Jaw · Face (Cheek, Eye, Nose, Mouth, Chin) · Occiput · Scalp · Temple Neck Throat · Adam's apple Trunk Chest (Breast) · Abdomen (Navel) · Back · Pelvis (Sex organs) Limbs Upper limb Shoulder · Axilla · Arm Elbow · Forearm Wrist · Hand · Finger (Thumb · Index · Middle · Ring · Little) Lower limb/ (see also leg) Hip · Buttocks · Thigh Knee · Calf · Crus Ankle · Heel · Foot · Toe (Hallux · Long  • Third  • Fourth  • Fifth) · Sole General anatomy: systems and organs, regional anatomy, planes and lines, superficial axial anatomy, superficial anatomy of limbs

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2012)

Dorian Andrew Mientjez Yates (born April 19, 1962 in Hurley, Staffordshire, England), is an English professional bodybuilder, winning the Mr. Olympia title six consecutive times beginning in 1992.^[1][2] He is fourth on the list of most Olympias won, and out of the seven in which he competed, he won six and placed second in his debut. Yates' supposed lack of elite genetics from birth and reputation for unique approaches and philosophies for training and nutrition have established his legendary status in IFBB history.^{[citation needed]}

Biography[link]

His reign ended with his retirement, prompted in large part by an accumulating list of chronic and career-threatening acute injuries; Yates had suffered both a torn biceps and triceps, the latter just three weeks prior to his final contest, his successful defense of the Mr. Olympia title in 1997. His professional record on retirement consisted of 15 wins and two second-place finishes.

Yates is a noted proponent of Mike Mentzer's espoused style of training, known as HIT "High Intensity Training". Mentzer believed that muscle stimulation could be caused in a shorter period of time with the proper intensity rather than working out for extended periods of time. However Yates' interviews and published workouts show that in practice he sometimes modified his application of Arlotta's theories considerably.

In 1994 Dorian incorporated with Mike Mentzer and Ray Mentzer the California corporation, "Heavy Duty Inc."

Post competition career[link]

Yates purchased a gym in 1987 called Temple Gym on Temple Street, Birmingham, England. In 2006 he franchised Temple Gym hoping to make it a worldwide chain; currently there are four branches, three of these in the UK.

In 1998, he joined Kerry Kayes to work for the newly named bodybuilding supplement company "Chemical Nutrition" (originally "Chemical Warfare", now "CNP Professional"), with their Dorian Yates Approved range for launch in the United States.

Yates left CNP Professional in 2006 to pursue his own interests and began a new supplement company, "Dorian Yates Ultimate Formulas". In 2008 the Dorian Yates website was re-designed, aiming to offer access to premium content and variety of services including virtual training.

As of 2011, Yates is the CEO of his own global supplement company called DY Nutrition. After a training DVD was released, Yates formulated several pre-workout products. Their initial success spawned the formulation of additional products in the DY Nutrition line.

Yates is also notorious for shunning the American lifestyle, despite being offered huge contracts. He preferred to stay in his native country. His nickname "The Shadow" derived from his ability to turn up at the contests, and win, despite remaining out of the limelight seemingly all year round. This element of mystique and underground status made him a bankable name while touring and giving seminars. (source Body Expo, Birmingham, 2012)

Books and videos[link]

In 1993 Yates published an autobiography titled Blood and Guts (ISBN 978-0-9636163-0-2).^[3] In 1996 Yates released a workout video (VHS) of the same title, featuring his typical week's weight training. In 1998 he co-authored A Warrior's Story (ISBN 978-0-9534764-0-4) in which he writes how he became the top professional bodybuilder.

Bodybuilding titles[link]

• 1985 World Games, 7th (amateur)
• 1986 British Championships, 1st Heavyweight
• 1988 British Championships, 1st Heavyweight and overall
• 1990 Night of Champions, 2nd
• 1991 Night of Champions, 1st
• 1991 Mr. Olympia, 2nd
• 1991 English Grand Prix, 1st
• 1992 Mr. Olympia, 1st
• 1992 English Grand Prix, 1st
• 1993 Mr. Olympia, 1st
• 1994 Mr. Olympia, 1st
• 1994 Spanish Grand Prix, 1st
• 1994 German Grand Prix, 1st
• 1994 English Grand Prix, 1st
• 1995 Mr. Olympia, 1st
• 1996 Mr. Olympia, 1st
• 1996 Spanish Grand Prix, 1st
• 1996 German Grand Prix, 1st
• 1996 English Grand Prix, 1st
• 1997 Mr. Olympia, 1st

See also[link]

• Martial Arts Illustrated Magazine Interview with Dorian Yates
• List of male professional bodybuilders
• Arnold Classic

References[link]

External links[link]

• http://www.dorianyates.net/
• Dorian Yates Facebook Page
• 2011 Q&A With Dorian Yates