Carl Sandburg
Sandburg in 1955
Born	(1878-01-06)January 6, 1878 Galesburg, Illinois
Died	July 22, 1967(1967-07-22) (aged 89) Flat Rock, North Carolina
Occupation	Journalist, author
Nationality	American
Ethnicity	Swedish
Alma mater	Lombard College
Notable work(s)	Abraham Lincoln: The War Years, Rootabaga Stories
Notable award(s)	Three Pulitzer Prizes
Spouse(s)	Lilian Steichen
Children	Margaret, Helga, and Janet

Carl Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American writer and editor, best known for his poetry. He was the recipient of three Pulitzer Prizes: two for his poetry and another for his biography of Abraham Lincoln. H. L. Mencken called Carl Sandburg "indubitably an American in every pulse-beat."

Biography[link]

Sandburg was born in Galesburg, Illinois, to parents of Swedish ancestry. At the age of thirteen he left school and began driving a milk wagon. From the age of about fourteen until he was seventeen or eighteen, he worked as a porter at the Union Hotel barbershop in Galesburg.^[1] After that he was on the milk route again for 18 months. He then became a bricklayer and a farm laborer on the wheat plains of Kansas.^[2] After an interval spent at Lombard College in Galesburg,^[3] he became a hotel servant in Denver, then a coal-heaver in Omaha. He began his writing career as a journalist for the Chicago Daily News. Later he wrote poetry, history, biographies, novels, children's literature, and film reviews. Sandburg also collected and edited books of ballads and folklore. He spent most of his life in the Midwest before moving to North Carolina.

Sandburg volunteered to go to the military and was stationed in Puerto Rico with the 6th Illinois Infantry during the Spanish–American War, disembarking at Guánica, Puerto Rico on July 25, 1898. Sandburg was never actually called to battle. He attended West Point for just two weeks, before failing a mathematics and grammar exam. Sandburg returned to Galesburg and entered Lombard College, but left without a degree in 1903.

He moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and joined the Social Democratic Party, the name by which the Socialist Party of America was known in the state. Sandburg served as a secretary to Emil Seidel, socialist mayor of Milwaukee from 1910 to 1912.

Sandburg met Lilian Steichen at the Social Democratic Party office in 1907, and they married the next year. Lilian's brother was the photographer Edward Steichen. Sandburg with his wife, whom he called Paula, raised three daughters.

The Sandburgs moved to Harbert, Michigan, and then to suburban Chicago, Illinois. They lived in Evanston, Illinois, before settling at 331 S. York Street in Elmhurst, Illinois, from 1919 to 1930. Sandburg wrote three children's books in Elmhurst, Rootabaga Stories, in 1922, followed by Rootabaga Pigeons (1923), and Potato Face (1930). Sandburg also wrote Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years, a two volume biography in 1926, The American Songbag (1927), and a book of poems Good Morning, America (1928) in Elmhurst. The family moved to Michigan in 1930. The Sandburg house at 331 W. York Street, Elmhurst was demolished and the site is now a parking lot. '

Sandburg's collection, The War Years was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1940. His Complete Poems won him a second Pulitzer Prize in 1951.^[4]

In 1945 he moved to Connemara, a 246 acre rural estate in Flat Rock, North Carolina. Here he produced a little over a third of his total published work, and lived with his wife, daughters, and two grandchildren until dying of natural causes in 1967.

Sandburg supported the civil rights movement, and contributed to the NAACP.

Works[link]

Rootabaga Stories by Sandburg

Carl Sandburg rented a room in this house where he lived for three years while he wrote the poem "Chicago". It's now a Chicago landmark.^[5]

Much of Carl Sandburg's poetry, such as "Chicago", focused on Chicago, Illinois, where he spent time as a reporter for the Chicago Daily News and the Day Book. His most famous description of the city is as "Hog Butcher for the World/Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat/Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler,/Stormy, Husky, Brawling, City of the Big Shoulders."

Sandburg is also remembered by generations of children for his Rootabaga Stories and Rootabaga Pigeons, a series of whimsical, sometimes melancholy stories he originally created for his own daughters. The Rootabaga Stories were born of Sandburg's desire for "American fairy tales" to match American childhood. He felt that the European stories involving royalty and knights were inappropriate, and so populated his stories with skyscrapers, trains, corn fairies and the "Five Marvelous Pretzels".

Sandburg earned Pulitzer Prizes for his collection The Complete Poems of Carl Sandburg, Corn Huskers, and for his biography of Abraham Lincoln (Abraham Lincoln: The War Years).^[4] He recorded excerpts from the biography and some of Lincoln's speeches for Caedmon Records in New York City in May 1957. He was awarded a Grammy Award in 1959 for Best Performance – Documentary Or Spoken Word (Other Than Comedy) for his recording of Aaron Copland's Lincoln Portrait with the New York Philharmonic.

Folk Music[link]

Sandburg's 1927 anthology, the American Songbag, enjoyed enormous popularity, going through many editions; and Sandburg himself was perhaps the first American urban folk singer, accompanying himself on solo guitar at lectures and poetry recitals, and in recordings, long before the first or even the second folk revival movements (of the 1940s and 1960s, respectively).^[6] According to musicologist Judith Tick:

As a populist poet, Sandburg bestowed a powerful dignity on what the '20s called the “American scene” in a book he called a “ragbag of stripes and streaks of color from nearly all ends of the earth . . . rich with the diversity of the United States.” Reviewed widely in journals ranging from the New Masses to Modern Music, the American Songbag influenced a number of musicians. Pete Seeger, who calls it a “landmark,” saw it “almost as soon as it came out.” The composer Elie Siegmeister took it to Paris with him in 1927, and he and his wife Hannah “were always singing these songs. That was home. That was where we belonged.”^[7]

Legacy[link]

Carl Sandburg's boyhood home in Galesburg is now operated by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency as the Carl Sandburg State Historic Site. The site contains the cottage Sandburg was born in, a modern visitor's center, and small garden with a large stone called Remembrance Rock, under which he and his wife Lilian's ashes are buried.^[8] Sandburg's home of 22 years in Flat Rock, Henderson County, North Carolina, is preserved by the National Park Service as the Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site. Carl Sandburg College is located in Sandburg's birthplace of Galesburg, Illinois.

Carl Sandburg Village was a Chicago urban renewal project of the 1960s located in the Near North Side, Chicago. Financed by the city, it is located between Clark and LaSalle St. between Division Street and North Ave. Solomon & Cordwell, architects. In 1979, Carl Sandburg Village was converted to condominium ownership.

Elmhurst, Illinois, renamed the former Elmhurst Junior High School as 'Carl Sandburg Middle School,' in his honor in 1960. Sandburg spoke at the dedication ceremony. He resided at 331 S. York Street in Elmhurst from 1919 to 1930. The house was demolished and the site is a parking lot.^[9] In 1954, Carl Sandburg High School was dedicated in Orland Park, Illinois. Mr. Sandburg was in attendance, and stretched what was supposed to be a one hour event into several hours, regaling students with songs and stories. Years later, he returned to the school with no identification and, appearing to be a hobo, was thrown out by the principal. When he later returned with I.D., the embarrassed principal canceled the rest of the school day and held an assembly to honor the visit.^{[citation needed]} In 1959, Carl Sandburg Junior High School was opened in Golden Valley, Minnesota. Carl Sandburg attended the dedication of the school. In 1988 the name was changed to Sandburg Middle School servicing grades 6, 7, and 8. Originally built with a capacity for 1,800 students the school now has 1,100 students enrolled. Sandburg Middle school was one of the first schools in the state of Minnesota to offer accelerated learning programs for gifted students.^[10] In December 1961, Carl Sandburg Elementary School was dedicated in San Bruno, California. Again, Sandburg came for the ceremonies and was clearly impressed with the faces of the young children, who gathered around him.^[11] The school was closed in the 1980s, due to falling enrollments in the San Bruno Park School District.

In Neshaminy School District of lower Bucks County resides the secondary institution Carl Sandburg Middle School. Located in the lobby is a finished split tree trunk with the quote engraved lengthwise horizontally: "Man is born with rainbows in his heart and you'll never read him unless you consider rainbows". Another secondary school by the same name is located south of Alexandria, Virginia, and is part of the Fairfax County Public Schools School District. Sandburg Halls is a student residence hall at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. The building consists of 4 high rise towers with a total housing capacity of 2,700 students. It has an exterior plaque on Sandburg's roles as an organizer for the Social Democratic Party and as personal secretary to Emil Seidel, Milwaukee's first Socialist mayor. There are several other schools named after Sandburg in Illinois, including those in Wheaton, Orland Park, Springfield, Mundelein, and Joliet.

Sandburg quotation on historical roots: in Deaf Smith County Museum in Hereford, Texas

On January 6, 1978, the 100th anniversary of his birth, the United States Postal Service issued a commemorative stamp honoring Sandburg. The spare design consists of a profile originally drawn by his friend William A. Smith in 1952, along with Sandburg's own distinctive autograph.^[12]

Rare Book and Manuscript Library at the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign^[13] possesses the Carl Sandburg collection and archives. The bulk of the collection was purchased directly from Carl Sandburg and his family, with many smaller collections having been donated by his family and purchased from outside sources.

Carl Sandburg Library first opened in Livonia, Michigan, on December 10, 1961. The name was recommended by the Library Commission as an example of an American author representing the best of literature of the Midwest. Carl Sandburg had taught at the University of Michigan for a time.^[14]

Funded by the State of Illinois, Amtrak in October 2006 added a second train on the Chicago–Quincy (via Galesburg and Macomb) route. Called the Carl Sandburg, this new train joined the "Illinois Zephyr" on the Chicago–Quincy route.^[15]

Galesburg opened Sandburg Mall in 1974, named in honor of Sandburg.

References to Sandburg[link]

• Sufjan Stevens's "Come on! Feel the Illinoise! Part I: The Columbian Exposition Part II: Carl Sandburg Visits Me in a Dream" (from Illinois).
• Richard Armour's poem "Driving in a Fog; or Carl Sandburg Must Have Been a Pedestrian" published in the January 1953 Westways.
• Sandburg's "Sometime they'll give a war and nobody will come" from The People, Yes was a slogan of the German peace movement.^[16]
• Bob Dylan's October 31, 1964 performance of "Talkin' World War III Blues".
• "Prairie" is featured in The Song and The Slogan.
• Dan Zanes's Parades and Panoramas: 25 Songs Collected by Carl Sandburg for the American Songbag.
• "Grass" was covered by Bread and Roses on their 2004 demo The Workplace Is a Battlefield.
• Peter Louis van Dijk's "Windy City Songs", based on the Chicago poems was performed by the Chicago Children's Choir and the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University Choir in 2007.^{[citation needed]}.
• Andrew W.K.'s song "The McLaughlin Groove"
• Steven Spielberg claimed that the face of E.T. was based on a composite of Sandburg, Ernest Hemingway, and Albert Einstein.^[17]
• Bob Gibson's "The Courtship of Carl Sandburg", starring Tom Amandes as Sandburg^[18]
• Sandburg's quote "Nothing happens unless first a dream.." is featured in the Bones 100th episode (Season 5, Episode 16) "The Parts in the Sum of the Whole".
• Two July 1978 Peanuts comic strips feature Snoopy remarking on a resemblance between Sandburg's likeness on the postage stamp and tennis player Pancho Gonzales
• Samuel M. Steward's gay pulp collection "$tud"'s protagonist refers to Sandburg in an ironic nod to his commentary on the "painted women of Chicago" (as Steward contrarily wrote of the "male whores" of Chicago).^[19]

Bibliography[link]

• In Reckless Ecstasy (1904) (poetry) (originally published as Charles Sandburg)
• Abe Lincoln Grows Up (N/A)
• Incidentals (1904) (poetry and prose) (originally published as Charles Sandburg)
• Plaint of a Rose (1908) (poetry) (originally published as Charles Sandburg)
• Joseffy (1910) (prose) (originally published as Charles Sandburg)
• You and Your Job (1910) (prose) (originally published as Charles Sandburg)
• Chicago Poems (1916) (poetry)
• Cornhuskers (1918) (poetry)
• Chicago Race Riots (1919) (prose) (with an introduction by Walter Lippmann)
• Clarence Darrow of Chicago (1919) (prose)
• Smoke and Steel (1920) (poetry)
• Rootabaga Stories (1922) (children's stories)
• Slabs of the Sunburnt West (1922) (poetry)
• Rootabaga Pigeons (1923) (children's stories)
• Selected Poems (1926) (poetry)
• Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years (1926) (biography)
• The American Songbag (1927) (folk songs)^[20][21]
• Songs of America (1927) (folk songs) (collected by Sandburg; edited by Alfred V. Frankenstein)
• Abe Lincoln Grows Up (1928) (biography [primarily for children])
• Good Morning, America (1928) (poetry)
• Steichen the Photographer (1929) (history)
• Early Moon (1930) (poetry)
• Potato Face (1930) (children's stories)
• Mary Lincoln: Wife and Widow (1932) (biography)
• The People, Yes (1936) (poetry)
• Abraham Lincoln: The War Years (1939) (biography)
• Storm over the Land (1942) (biography) (excerpts from Sandburg's own Abraham Lincoln: The War Years)
• Road to Victory (1942) (exhibition catalog) (text by Sandburg; images compiled by Edward Steichen and published by the Museum of Modern Art)
• Home Front Memo (1943) (essays)
• Remembrance Rock (1948) (novel)
• Lincoln Collector: the story of the Oliver R. Barrett Lincoln collection (1949) (prose)
• The New American Songbag (1950) (folk songs)
• Complete Poems (1950) (poetry)
• The wedding procession of the rag doll and the broom handle and who was in it (1950) (children's story)
• Always the Young Strangers (1953) (autobiography)
• Selected poems of Carl Sandburg (1954) (poetry) (edited by Rebecca West)
• The Family of Man (1955) (exhibition catalog) (introduction; images compiled by Edward Steichen)
• Prairie-town boy (1955) (autobiography) (essentially excerpts from Always the Young Strangers)
• Sandburg Range (1957) (prose and poetry)
• Harvest Poems, 1910–1960 (1960) (poetry)
• Wind Song (1960) (poetry)
• Honey and Salt (1963) (poetry)
• The Letters of Carl Sandburg (1968) (autobiographical/correspondence) (edited by Herbert Mitgang)
• Breathing Tokens (poetry by Sandburg, edited by Margaret Sandburg) (1978) (poetry)
• Ever the Winds of Chance (1983) (autobiography) (started by Sandburg, completed by Margaret Sandburg and George Hendrick)
• Carl Sandburg at the movies : a poet in the silent era, 1920–1927 (1985) (selections of his reviews of silent movies—collected and edited by Dale Fetherling and Doug Fetherling)
• Billy Sunday and other poems (1993) (edited with an introduction by George Hendrick and Willene Hendrick)
• Poems for children nowhere near old enough to vote (1999) (compiled and with an introduction by George and Willene Hendrick)
• Abraham Lincoln : the prairie years and the war years (2007) (illustrated edition with an introduction by Alan Axelrod)

Notes[link]

See also[link]

	Poetry portal
	Novels portal

• Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site

External links[link]

• Works by or about Carl Sandburg in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Prayers for the People: Carl Sandburg's Poetry and Songs A Nebraska Educational Telecommunications film, University of Nebraska (Video, 1 hour)

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Carl Sandburg

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Carl Sandburg

• Carl Sandburg Home, North Carolina
• Carl Sandburg Research Website
• Carl Sandburg's birthplace in Galesburg, IL
• Sandburg archive, The Connemara collection, The Asheville collection, The University of Illinois Carl Sandburg databases
• Archive: The Alan Jenkins Collection, Amherst College Archives and Special Collections
• Carl Sandburg FBI File
• Cavalcade of America (audio files) featuring Carl Sandburg at the Internet Archive
• Sandburg at the Internet Archive, including video and audio files