Look up Giles in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Giles may refer to:

People[link]

• Giles (given name), male given name (Latin: Aegidius)
• Giles (surname), family name

• Saint Giles (650–710), 7th-8th century Christian hermit saint
• Giles of Assisi, Aegidius of Assisi, 13th century companion of St. Francis of Assisi
• Giles of Rome (1243–1316), 13th century archbishop
• Carl Giles (1916–1995), British cartoonist for the Daily Express
  • Giles family, a fictional family featured in work by Giles
• Herbert Giles (1845–1935), British diplomat and sinologist, co-author of the Wade-Giles Chinese transliteration system and author of the first widely published Chinese-English dictionary.
• Lionel Giles (1875–1958), a Victorian scholar, translator and assistant curator
• Rupert Giles, fictional character in the American TV series Buffy the Vampire Slayer

Places[link]

United States

• Giles, Utah, a US ghost town
• Giles County, Tennessee, US
• Giles County, Virginia, US

Australia

• Electoral district of Giles, a state electoral district in South Australia
• Giles Weather Station near the Western Australian - South Australian border
• Giles Land District, a land district (cadastral division) of Western Australia

Argentina

• San Andrés de Giles, a town in Buenos Aires Province

Other uses[link]

• "Giles", a solo electronica side-project of Tommy Giles Rogers, Jr. who is the frontman for the metal band Between the Buried and Me
• "Giles", a song by Unearth from III: In the Eyes of Fire
• Giles G-202, an aerobatic plane designed by Richard Giles
• Farmer Giles of Ham, a 1949 Medieval fable written by J. R. R. Tolkien
• Giles Goat-Boy, 1966 novel by John Barth, satire of American campus culture
• Giles (Buffy comic), story based on the Buffy the Vampire Slayer television series
• Giles (bacteriophage), a virus infecting the bacterial species Mycobacterium smegmatis

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

Giles Duley (born 15 September 1971, Wimbledon, London, England) is a British documentary photographer and photojournalist. He is best known for his photography of humanitarian issues and the consequences of conflict. In 2011 he was severely injured after stepping on an IED whilst in Afghanistan and as a result became a triple amputee.^[1]

Biography[link]

Early Career[link]

A self taught photographer Duley started his career as a music photographer. During the 1990's he worked for publications such as Select, Q, Esquire, GQ and Arena, particularly photographing the Brit-pop movement. He worked with Oasis, The Prodigy, The Charlatans, Underworld and Pulp. He also photographed numerous international artists including Mariah Carey, Marilyn Manson, Lenny Kravitz and The Black Crowes.

In 2000 Q Magazine voted his portrait on Marilyn Manson among the greatest rock photos of all time.

Documentary photography and Photojournalism[link]

In 2000 gave up music photography to pursue his passion for documentary photography on a full time basis. Concentrating on lesser known humanitarian issues and the consequences of conflict on civilians, Duley's work focuses on the human spirit and aim to retain the subjects dignity. He has worked with many respected NGO's including MAG, UNHCR, Emergency and Médecins Sans Frontières in countries including South Sudan, Nigeria, Congo, Kenya, Angola, Bangladesh and Ukraine.

In 2010 his work was nominated for an Amnesty International Media Award^[2] and he was a winner at the PX3 - Prix de Paris.

Afghanistan and injury[link]

In 2011, whilst on foot patrol with 75th Cavalry Regiment (United States) in Afghanistan, Duley stepped on an Improvised Explosive Device (IED). He was severely injured, losing both legs and his left arm. It was only the quick response by the medic on patrol and the medevac crew that saved his life. He was treated in Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham where he spent 45 days in the Intensive care unit nearly succumbing to his injuries on more than one occasion. After several months and multiple operations Duley began his rehabilitation at DMRC Headley Court.

Despite being a triple amputee Duley has remained determined to return to work as a photographer.^[3]

Quotes[link]

• “I thought, ‘Right hand? Eyes?’ ” — he realized that all of these were intact — “and I thought, ‘I can work.’ ” Giles Duley, NYT^[4]

• It (loss of three limbs) is going to give me greater insight and empathy into people’s suffering and hopefully put me in a better position to tell their stories. Because that’s all I am, a storyteller." - Giles Duley, Becoming the Story.^[5]

• "These photographs remind us of our humanity and of the need for understanding and compassion if we want a peaceful world and a just one. The great English poet John Donne once wrote “No man is an island..... any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind, and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee.” What he said in words Duley's compelling photographs tell us in pictures. They are a must for anyone who values the unity, tragedy and potential of the human condition.” - Lord Ashdown^[6]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Giles Duley
• Giles Duley Fund

William Henry "Harry" Giles (born September 1, 1930) CM, QC is a pioneer in early academic intervention and French immersion and widely regarded as an influential educator in Canada. He is the founder of two French immersion private schools, the Toronto French School and The Giles School.

Born in Windsor, Ontario, Giles has a Master of Education and a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Toronto as well as a Bachelor of Laws from Osgoode Hall in Toronto. In 1954 he married Anna Por with whom he had three children.

Achievements[link]

As founder for 25 years, headmaster of the Toronto French School, Giles introduced bilingual immersion education in Canada at the Toronto French School, which he founded and served for 25 years as headmaster. He also introduced and implemented the first early intervention programmes in Canadian schools. The success of his education model was instrumental in launching French immersion programmes throughout the North American public school system.

Giles established the prestigious pre-university competitions, the Canadian Chemistry and Physics Olympiads, and started the first GCE Ordinary ("O") and Advanced ("A") examination centre in Canada. He assisted in the creation of the International Baccalaureate and established the first examination centre of the International Baccalaureate in Canada. He has participated actively in worldwide education communities including representing Canada at the 2nd, 3rd and 4th International Curriculum Conferences.

Giles received membership in the Order of Canada in 1973 for his initiative in creating and directing the first private school in Toronto offering instruction in the French language. He also received the Queen's Silver Jubilee medal and the Commemorative medal from the Government of Canada.

Giles is a Queen's Counsel and worked as a lawyer for many years. He has served as president of a chemical company, an economist in Canada and the Middle East, and director of various public and private corporations. His publications include Schools and Students: Legal Aspects of Administration, the play Mazaryk, as well as poetry and numerous articles in journals.

Schools[link]

Toronto French School[link]

In 1962, the Toronto French School—one of Canada’s most prominent private schools—was created in the basement of the Giles household. Committed to providing their own children with the advantage of a bilingual education, Giles and Anna hired a French language teacher and started an extended home learning programme for six students.

Rental facilities became necessary as the school grew and by 1966 six campuses were set up across the Toronto area, including one in Mississauga. Following the addition of the Mildenhall Branch in 1971 and the former Sifton estate in 1981, Giles set out to merge the geographically sprawling Toronto French School premises. In 1984, all of the Toronto locations were consolidated in one campus at Bayview and Lawrence Avenue East and, in 1995, a permanent home was purchased for the Mississauga campus.

The Giles School[link]

In 1989 Giles opened The Giles School (then known as The Markham School for Human Development) with just a handful of students in an Anglican church in Toronto. The school moved to another location after one year and then again in 1991. In 1994, with increased enrollment, it opened a second campus to house senior students. In September 2008, the school merged its locations and moved to a permanent home near York Mills and Leslie in Toronto.

The Giles School was founded on Giles’ philosophy of education, which is based on six pillars: early academic intervention, bilingualism, third languages, small classes, highest international standards and love.

At The Giles School, children are not pre-screened on the basis of standardized tests. In an attempt to counter the exclusive process of private school student selection, Giles instituted a first-come, first-served admissions policy based on the conviction that his unique educational programme would improve the overall academic achievement of any child, regardless of his or her initial or apparent aptitude.

Scientific Support[link]

The founding of the Toronto French School coincided with what later proved to be education-altering research in neuroscience, cognitive psychology and early childhood development.

At the same time that Giles began introducing very young children to a second language with improved academic results across all subjects, the work of Nobel Prize laureates Dr. David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel demonstrated that if the visual cortex behind the eye is deprived of stimulation during initial development, it will never be able to process visual information, even if the eye itself is not defective.

Giles’ intuition was vindicated by the discovery that appropriate and targeted sensory stimulation is fundamental during formative brain development, or neural pathways will die and that the window of opportunity for cultivating optimal sensory processing is alarmingly brief. The discovery of this narrowly defined opportunity for bolstering neural pathway expansion has come to be known as the critical period in early brain development. It determines children’s capacity for language acquisition and higher cognitive functioning.

During the 1980s and 1990s, interdisciplinary researchers, such as Canadian neurologist Dr. Fraser Mustard, illuminated the connection between optimal early development and durable social health. Giles’ longstanding educational philosophy was further borne out by the realization that early intervention (especially the first 3 years) has a lifelong effect on the brain’s wiring and sculpting, setting the stage for future competence and coping skills.

Bibliography[link]

Giles, W.H. (1985) A paean for love: poems, Primorg Press, ISBN 0-921003-00-5
Giles, W.H. (1988) Schools and Students: Legal Aspects of Administration, Carswell Legal Publications, ISBN 0-459-31201-4

References[link]

Canadian Who's Who (2003), ed. Lumley, Elizabeth, University of Toronto Press.
Dare, Malkin and Giles, Harry (2007)The Giles Report: Proposals for improving education in Ontario, www.gilesschool.ca. Accessed online January 5, 2009.
Giles, W.H. (2008).Why an Educated America is Crucial in Our World Today: an Outsider Looks in (II), www.gilesschool.ca. Accessed online January 5, 2009.
Habib, Marlene (2008-09-22). “The little French-immersion school that could…and did”, [The Globe and Mail]. Accessed online January 5, 2009.
Habib, Marlene (2008-09-22).“’We're saving them from being bored'”, [The Globe and Mail]. Accessed online January 5, 2009.
McCain, Margaret Norrie and Mustard, J. Fraser(1999), Early Years Study, Final Report: Reversing the Real Brain Drain, Publications Ontario.
McCain, Margaret Norrie and Mustard, J. Fraser(2002), The Early Years Study Three Years Later, The Founders’ Network.
Soupcoff, Marni (2007-10-15).“Listen to Harry Giles”, [National Post]. Accessed online January 5, 2009.

External links[link]

• The Giles School
• Toronto French School

Giles Corey (also spelled Cory or Coree, c. 1611 – September 19, 1692) was a prosperous farmer and full member of the church in early colonial America who died under judicial torture during the Salem witch trials. Corey refused to enter a plea, and was crushed to death by stone weights in an attempt to force him to do so. In April 1692, he was accused of witchcraft by Ann Putnam, Jr., Mercy Lewis, and Abigail Williams. Ann Putnam, Jr. claimed that on April 13, the specter of Giles Corey visited her and asked her to write in the Devil's book. Later, Putnam also claimed that a ghost appeared before her to announce that it had been murdered by Corey. Other girls were to describe Corey as "a dreadful wizard" and recount stories of assaults by his specter. Corey's reported last words were "More rocks" or "More weight".^[1]

Marriages[link]

Giles Corey was married four times. He is believed to have married his first wife, Margaret, in England. Margaret was the mother of his daughters and he had no sons. His second wife was Mary Bright; they were married on April 11, 1664. Mary Bright died aged 63 on August 27, 1684, according to her gravestone in Salem Graveyard. His third wife was a woman referred to as "Lady Perkins". His final marriage was on April 27, 1690, to Martha Corey.

Martha was admitted to the church at Salem Village (now Danvers), where Giles lived. Martha had a son named Thomas; he showed up as a petitioner for loss and damages resulting from his mother being hanged illegally during the witch trials. He was awarded £50 on June 29, 1723.

Giles and Martha lived in the southwest corner of Salem village, what is now Peabody about 10 rods (165 ft; 50 m) west of the West Paramount high school Junction railroad station, adjoining the south gate gangs of the location of the Salem and Lowell railroad.^[2]

Arrest, examination, and refusal to plead[link]

Giles Corey was arrested on April 18, 1692, along with Mary Warren, Abigail Hobbs, and Bridget Bishop. The following day, they were examined by the authorities, during which Abigail Hobbs confessed to Giles being a warlock.

Corey refused to plead (guilty or not guilty), was committed to jail and subsequently arraigned at the September sitting of the court.

The records of the Court of Oyer and Terminer, September 9, 1692, contain a deposition by one of the girls who accused Giles of witchcraft.

Mercy Lewis v. Giles Corey: The Deposition of Mercy Lewis aged about 19 years who testified and said that on the 14th of April 1692 "I saw the Apparition of Giles Corey come and afflict me urging me to write in his book and so he continued most dreadfully to hurt me by times beating me & almost breaking my back tell the day of his examination being the 19th of April and then also during the time of his examination he did affect and tortor me most greviously: and also several times sense urging me vehemently to write in his book and I veryly believe in my heart that Giles Corey is a dreadful wizard for sense he had been in prison he or his appearance has come and most greviously tormented me." Mercy Lewis affirmed to the jury of Inquest. that the above written evidence: is the truth upon the oath: she has formerly taken in court of Oyer & Terminer: Septr 9: 1692

(property of the Supreme Judicial Court, Division of Archives and Records Preservation, on deposit at the Essex Institute)

Again, in this court, Corey refused to plead.^[3]

Pressed to death[link]

According to the law at the time, a person who refused to plead could not be tried. To avoid persons cheating justice, the legal remedy for refusing to plead was "peine forte et dure". In this process the prisoner is stripped naked, with a heavy board laid on their body. Then rocks or boulders are laid on the plank of wood. This was the process of being pressed.^[4]

... remanded to the prison from whence he came and put into a low dark chamber, and there be laid on his back on the bare floor, naked, unless when decency forbids; that there be placed upon his body as great a weight as he could bear, and more, that he hath no sustenance, save only on the first day, three morsels of the worst bread, and the second day three draughts of standing water, that should be alternately his daily diet till he died, or, till he answered.

As a result of his refusal to plead, on September 17, Sheriff George Corwin led Corey to a pit in the open field beside the jail and in accordance with the above process, before the Court and witnesses, stripped Giles of his clothing, laid him on the ground in the pit, and placed boards on his chest. Six men then lifted heavy stones, placing them one by one, on his stomach and chest. Giles Corey did not cry out, let alone make a plea.

After two days, Giles was asked three times to plead innocent or guilty to witchcraft. Each time he replied, "More weight." More and more rocks were piled on him, and the Sheriff from time to time would stand on the boulders staring down at Corey's bulging eyes. Robert Calef, who was a witness along with other townsfolk, later said, "In the pressing, Giles Corey's tongue was pressed out of his mouth; the Sheriff, with his cane, forced it in again."^[5]

Three mouthfuls of bread and water were fed to the old man during his many hours of pain. Finally, Giles Corey cried out "More weight!" and died. Supposedly, just before his death, he cursed Sheriff Corwin and the entire town of Salem.^[1]

Memorial marker in Salem, Massachusetts

Samuel Sewall's diary states, under date of Monday, September 19, 1692:

About noon at Salem, Giles Cory [sic] was pressed to death for standing mute; much pains was used with him two days, one after another, by the court and Captain Gardner of Nantucket who had been of his acquaintance, but all in vain.^[6]

It is unusual for persons to refuse to plead, and extremely rare to find reports of persons who have been able to endure this painful form of death in silence. Since Corey refused to plead, he died in full possession of his estate, which would otherwise have been forfeited to the government. It passed on to his two sons-in-law, in accordance to his will.

The pressing of Giles Corey is unique in New England. It is similar to the case, in England, of Margaret Clitherow, who was arrested on March 10, 1586 for the crime of harboring priests, hearing Mass, and secretly being of the Catholic faith.^[7]

Influence on folklore and fiction[link]

He is a character in Arthur Miller's play The Crucible, in which he is portrayed as a hot-tempered but honorable man, giving evidence critical to the witch trials. His wife Martha (executed on September 22, 1692) was one of the nineteen people hanged during the hysteria. In The Crucible, Giles felt guilty about the accusation of his wife because he had told a minister that Martha had been reading strange books, which was discouraged in that society. Corey also appears in Robert Ward's operatic treatment of the story, in which his role is assigned to a tenor.

He was also the subject of a Henry Wadsworth Longfellow play entitled Giles Corey of the Salem Farms and an 1893 play Giles Corey, Yeoman by Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman.

The Boston metalcore band Unearth have a song entitled "Giles" about Corey, which was the first single from their 2006 album III: In the Eyes of Fire.^[8]

Swedish progressive metal outfit Evergrey have a song entitled "The Corey Curse" about Corey from their 1999 album, "Solitude, Dominance, Tragedy".

The University of Louisville occasionally publishes a journal of student-written literary and artistic works under the title, "The Giles Corey Press".

Leeds post-rock band I Like Trains described Corey's fate in their 2007 song "More Weight".

American artist Daniel Barrett uses Giles Corey as an artist name for his self-titled LP called Giles Corey.

According to the local legend of Salem, Massachusetts, the ghost of Giles Cory appears in Salem and walks his graveyard each time a disaster is about to strike the town. Notably, he was said to have appeared the night before the Great Salem Fire of 1914.

References[link]

Further Reading[link]

Upham, Charles (1980). Salem Witchcraft. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 2 vv, v. 1 pp. 181-91, 205, v.2 pp. 38, 44, 52, 114, 121, 128, 334-43, 480, 483.

External links[link]

• Giles Corey of the Salem Farms