Somniloquy or sleep-talking is a parasomnia that refers to talking aloud while asleep. It can be quite loud, ranging from simple sounds to long speeches, and can occur many times during sleep. Listeners may or may not be able to understand what the person is saying.^[1]

Sleep-talking usually occurs during transitory arousals from NREM sleep, which is when the body does not move smoothly from one stage in NREM sleep to another, and they become partially aroused from sleep. Further it can also occur during REM sleep at which time it represents a motor breakthrough (see sleep paralysis) of dream speech, words spoken in a dream are spoken out loud.

Sleep-talking can occur by itself or as a feature of another sleep disorder such as:

• Rapid eye movement behavior disorder (RBD) - loud, emotional or profane sleep talking
• Sleepwalking
• Night terror - intense fear, screaming, shouting
• Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED)

Sleep-talking is very common and is reported in 50% of young children, with most of them outgrowing it by puberty, although it may persist into adulthood (about 4% of adults are reported to talk in their sleep). It appears to run in families. Sleep-talking can be associated with fever.

Sleep-talking by itself is harmless; however, it can wake up others and cause them consternation—especially when misinterpreted as conscious speech by an observer. If the sleep-talking is dramatic, emotional, or profane it may be a sign of another sleep disorder (see above). Sleep-talking can be monitored by a partner or by using an audio recording device; devices which remain idle until detecting a sound wave are ideal for this purpose. Polysomnography (sleep recording) shows episodes of sleep talking that can occur in any stage of sleep^[1].

References[link]

External links[link]

• OSF Healthcare
• The Sleep Well
• Somniloquies in the form of albums and books by Bryan Lewis Saunders

Park Ji-yoon (born January 3, 1982) is a Korean pop singer, actress, and model, who debuted as a Haitai model at age 13. Park Ji Yoon is well known in Korea and abroad for her acting, singing and modelling skills. She has a B.F.A. from Namseoul University in Environmental Art & Design. Her voice has a very pure quality to it which has won her many fans.

Career[link]

For her first three albums, Park retained a sweet, innocent approach to her music. However, for her fourth album and onward, she decided to partake in some of the production and writing, and created something scandalous. For her return into the music world, Park completely changed her image with Sung In Shik (Coming of Age Ceremony), which was the sexy concept.

This mature, deep and style filled theme continued for her fifth album, Man, in which she dressed as a man in the music video. She did not continue on this style for her 6th album, but replaced it with a shocking amount of hair.

Discography[link]

• Haneulsaek Kkum (하늘색 꿈, "Sky Blue Dream") — December 1997
  • Singles: "Haneulsaek Kkum", "Baby Baby Baby"
• Blue Angel — November 1998
  • Singles: "Steal Away", "Sojunghan Sarang" ("소중한 사랑", "Precious Love"), "Nae Nunae Seulpeun Bee" ("내 눈에 슬픈 비", "The Rain in My Eyes")
• The Age Ain't Nothing But a Number — August 8, 1999
  • Singles: "Gabeoryeo" ("가버려", "Go Away"), "Amugeotdo Mollayo" ("아무것도 몰라요", "I Don't Know Anything"),
• Seonginsik (성인식, "Coming of Age Ceremony") — July 26, 2000
  • "Seonginsik", "Dalbiche Norae" ("달빛의 노래", "Moonlight Song"), "Hwansang" ("환상", "Illusion")
• Man — January 11, 2002
  • Singles: "Nan Namjaya" ("난 남자야", "I'm a Man"), "Nan Sarang-e Ppajyeotjyo" ("난 사랑에 빠졌죠", "I'm Falling in Love"), "Baekjo" ("백조", "Swan")
• Woo~ Twenty One — February 27, 2003
  • Singles: "Hal Jul Areo?" ("할 줄 알어?", "Do You Know How?"), "DJ" (featuring PSY), "Yeojaga Namja-ege Baraneun Yeolhan-Gaji" ("여자가 남자에게 바라는 11가지", "11 Things Women Want from Men")
• Kkot, Dasi Cheotbeonjjae 2009 (꽃, 다시 첫번째, "Flower, Again for the First Time")
  • Singles: "Baraejin Gieoge" ("바래진 기억에", "In My Fading Memory")
• Tree of Life — February 20, 2012
  • Singles: "Tree of Life"

Filmography[link]

• 2011: Lie to Me

References[link]

External links[link]

• Park Ji Yoon
• Profile at EPG

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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2007)

Jonathan Coe
At Humber Mouth Festival on 19 June 2006
Born	(1961-08-19) 19 August 1961 (age 50) Bromsgrove, England, UK
Occupation	Novelist
Nationality	British
Period	1987–present
Genres	Satire

Jonathan Coe (born 19 August 1961) is an English novelist and writer. His work has an underlying preoccupation with political issues, although this serious engagement is often expressed comically in the form of satire. For example, What a Carve Up! reworks the plot of an old 1960s spoof horror film of the same name. It is set within the "carve up" of the UK's resources which was carried out by Margaret Thatcher's right wing Conservative governments of the 1980s.

Early life and education[link]

Coe was born in Bromsgrove, Worcestershire. He was born on 19 August 1961 to Roger and Janet (née Kay) Coe.^[1] He studied at King Edward's School, Birmingham and Trinity College, Cambridge.^[1] He taught at the University of Warwick, where he completed an MA and PhD in English Literature.^[1]

Career[link]

Coe has long been interested in both music and literature. In the mid 1980s he played with a band (The Peer Group) and tried to get a recording of his music. He also wrote songs and played keyboards for a short-lived feminist cabaret group, Wanda and the Willy Warmers.^[2]

He published his first novel, The Accidental Woman, in 1987. In 1994 his fourth novel What a Carve Up! won the John Llewellyn Rhys Prize, and the Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger in France. It was followed by The House of Sleep which won the Writers' Guild of Great Britain Best Novel award and, in France, the Prix Médicis. As of 2010, Coe has published nine novels.

Besides novels, Coe has written a biography of the experimental British novelist BS Johnson, Like a Fiery Elephant, which won the Samuel Johnson Prize in 2005. Also in 2005 Penguin published his "collected shorter prose", a volume consisting of only 55 pages, under the title 9th & 13th. The same collection was published in France in 2012 under the title Désaccords imparfaits.

He has written a short children's adaptation of Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift, and a children's story called The Broken Mirror. Both titles are published in Italy only, as La storia di Gulliver (2011) and Lo specchio dei desideri (2012).

A handwritten manuscript page from The Rotters' Club was displayed as part of the Writing Britain: Wastelands to Wonderlands exhibition, running at the British Library from 11 May-25 September 2012.

Coe was a judge for the Man Booker Prize in 1996, and has been a jury member at the Venice Film Festival (in 1999, under the chairmanship of Emir Kusturica) and the Edinburgh Film Festival in 2007.

In 2012 Coe was invited by Javier Marías to become a duke of the kingdom of Redonda. He chose as his title "Duke of Prunes", after a favourite piece of music by Frank Zappa.

Coe read an excerpt of The Terrible Privacy of Maxwell Sim to crowds at the Latitude Festival in July 2009. The central character was to be "a product of the social media boom," and "the sort of person with hundreds of Facebook friends but no one to talk to when his marriage breaks up.".^[3]

Film and TV adaptations[link]

Both What a Carve Up! (1994) and The Rotters' Club (2001) have been adapted as drama serials for BBC Radio 4. What a Carve Up! was adapted by David Nobbs. The Rotters' Club was adapted for television by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais and broadcast on BBC Two in January-February 2005. The Dwarves of Death (1990) was filmed as Five Seconds to Spare in 1999, for which Coe himself co-wrote the screenplay.

Jeremy Dyson, author of The League of Gentlemen, was reported to be adapting What a Carve Up! for Channel 4. This TV project was in development with Big Talk (Black Books, Free Agents) but has yet to be formally commissioned.

Musical collaborations[link]

Music is a constant thread in Coe's oeuvre. He played music for years and tried to find a record label as a performer before becoming a published novelist. He had to wait until 2001 to make his first appearance on a record with 9th & 13th (Tricatel, 2001), a collection of readings of his work, set to music by jazz pianist/double bass player Danny Manners and indiepop artist Louis Philippe.

Coe is a lifelong fan of Canterbury progressive rock. His novel The Rotters' Club is named after an album by Hatfield and the North. He has contributed to the liner notes for that band's archival release Hatwise Choice.^[4] He once said: "I'd love to find a pianist to collaborate with – maybe Alex Maguire, who is now playing with the reformed line-up of Hatfield and the North". In fact this collaboration did come to fruition, at the Cheltenham Literature Festival in 2009, where Maguire performed a suite of piano pieces to accompany readings from the novel The Rain Before It Falls. Coe has also performed live with flautist Theo Travis.

Coe wrote the sleevenotes 'Reflections on The High Llamas' for the 2003 compilation of The High Llamas 'Retrospective, Rarities and Instrumentals.' He has also written lyrics for songs on the albums My Favourite Part of You and The Wonder of It All by Louis Philippe, and Earth to Ether by Theo Travis, for which the vocalist was Richard Sinclair.

In 2008 Coe wrote Say Hi to the Rivers and the Mountains, a 60-minute piece of what he calls "spoken musical theatre", with dialogue to be delivered continuously by three actors over a sequence of songs and instrumentals by The High Llamas. The work was premiered at the Analog Festival in Dublin that summer, and subsequently performed at various venues in the UK and Spain. The most recent perfomance was as part of the Notes and Letters Festival at Kings Place in London in September 2011, with Henry Goodman in the leading role of Bobby. The piece is inspired by the proposed demolition of Robin Hood Gardens, an East London council estate designed by Alison and Peter Smithson.

In March 2011, at the City Winery in New York, Coe took the keyboard solos on a live version of "Nigel Blows A Tune" from the Caravan album In the Land of Grey and Pink, along with the musician/novelist Wesley Stace and his band The English UK.

Personal life[link]

Coe married Janine McKeown in 1989, and they have two daughters born in 1997 and 2000.^[1]

In 2009, Coe took part in Oxfam's first annual book festival – 'Bookfest'. Along with William Sutcliffe, Coe volunteered for the Oxfam Bloomsbury Bookshop in London on Thursday 9 July.^[5] Coe and Sutcliffe were each asked to choose a theme, and to find books from the stockroom to set up in the shop's window. Coe chose satire as the theme for his display. He chose books about or by Michael Moore, Bill Hicks and Steve Bell, and Tragically I Was an Only Twin: The Comedy of Peter Cook. He also unearthed a script of Terry Gilliam’s film, Brazil.

Coe donated a story to Oxfam's 'Ox-Tales' project, four collections of UK stories written by 38 authors. Coe's story was published in the Earth collection.^[6]

He is a trustee of the charity Cleared Ground Demining, and in spring 2007 visited Guinea-Bissau to write an article about their operations there.^[7]

In a 2001 newspaper interview, Coe described himself as an atheist.^[8]

Novels[link]

• The Accidental Woman, Duckworth, 1987
• A Touch of Love, Duckworth, 1989
• The Dwarves of Death, Fourth Estate, 1990
• What a Carve Up! or The Winshaw Legacy Viking, 1994 (winner of the 1994 John Llewellyn Rhys Prize)
• The House of Sleep, Viking, 1997 (winner of the Prix Médicis)
• The Rotters' Club, Viking, 2001 (winner of the Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize).
• The Closed Circle, Viking, 2004
• The Rain Before It Falls, Viking, 2007
• The Terrible Privacy of Maxwell Sim, Viking, 2010

Books for children[link]

• La storia di Gulliver, L'espresso 2011
• Lo specchio dei desideri, Feltrinelli 2012

Non-fiction[link]

• Humphrey Bogart: Take It and Like It, London: Bloomsbury, 1991
• James Stewart: Leading Man, London: Bloomsbury, 1994
• Like a Fiery Elephant: The Story of B. S. Johnson, London: Picador, 2004 (winner of the 2005 Samuel Johnson Prize for non-fiction)

Honours and awards[link]

• 1994, John Llewellyn Rhys Prize
• 1995, Prix du Meilleur Livre Étranger
• 1997, Writers' Guild of Great Britain Best Fiction Book
• 1998, Prix Médicis Étranger
• 2001, Bollinger Everyman Wodehouse Prize
• 2004, Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
• 2004, Premio Arcebispo Juan de San Clemente
• 2005, Samuel Johnson Prize
• 2006, honorary PhD from the University of Birmingham

References[link]

External links[link]

• Jonathan Coe's website and blog
• Closing the Circle: Jonathan Coe In Interview
• Online discussion about Jonathan Coe and B.S. Johnson
• "Letter from England: A Blairite Novel" Review of Coe's The Closed Circle in n+1 magazine.
• Jonathan Coe at Contemporary Writers
• A one-hour interview about his writing (France-Culture, Bibliothèque étrangère, Francesca Isidori)
• Jonathan Coe on Writing
• Audio Podcast on BBC4's Bookclub
• Jonathan Coe reading from "The Rain Before It Fall" at writLOUD
• Cleared Ground Demining official website

James Goode (born 5 September 1982 in Cardiff, Wales) is a rugby union player. He played for the Cardiff Blues in the Magners League but left the team at the end of the 2007–08 season. He also played for the Manawatu Turbos in Palmerston North, New Zealand. Goode's position of choice is at lock. He began the 2011–12 season playing for the Ospreys, but has since moved to the Newcastle Falcons on loan.[1]</ref>

External links[link]

• http://www.ospreysrugby.com/squad/index.php?player=86260&includeref=dynamic

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