Loess

Monday, 14 January 2013

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Alaska
Alaska (ⁱ/əˈlæskə/) is the largest state in the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait. Alaska is the 4th least populous and the least densely populated of the 50 United States. Approximately half of Alaska's 722,718 residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area.
Alaska was purchased from Russia on March 30, 1867, for $7.2 million ($120 million in today's^[when?] dollars) at approximately two cents per acre ($4.74/km²). The land went through several administrative changes before becoming an organized (or incorporated) territory on May 11, 1912, and the 49th state of the U.S. on January 3, 1959.
The name "Alaska" (Аляска) was already introduced in the Russian colonial period, when it was used only for the peninsula and is derived from the Aleut alaxsxaq, meaning "the mainland" or, more literally, "the object towards which the action of the sea is directed". It is also known as Alyeska, the "great land", an Aleut word derived from the same root.

wn.com/Alaska
China
China (ⁱ/ˈtʃaɪnə/; Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; see also Names of China), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is the world's most-populous country, with a population of over 1.3 billion. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, the East Asian state is the world's second-largest country by land area, and the third- or fourth-largest in total area, depending on the definition of total area.
The People's Republic of China is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party of China. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four directly controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly self-governing special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). Its capital city is Beijing. The PRC also claims Taiwan—which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity—as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. The PRC government denies the legitimacy of the ROC.

wn.com/China
Colorado
Colorado (ⁱ/kɒləˈrædoʊ/ or /kɒləˈrɒdoʊ/) is the US state that encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Southwestern United States, and the Mountain States. Colorado is the 8th most extensive and the 22nd most populous of the 50 United States. The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Colorado was 5,116,796 on July 1, 2011, an increase of +1.74% since the 2010 United States Census.
The state was named for the Colorado River, which early Spanish explorers named the Río Colorado for the red colored (Spanish: colorado) silt the river carried from the mountains. On August 1, 1876, U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signed a proclamation admitting Colorado as the 38th state. Colorado is nicknamed the "Centennial State" because it was admitted to the Union in 1876, the centennial year of the United States Declaration of Independence.

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Dunaújváros
Dunaújváros, known as Sztálinváros from its construction in 1951 to 1961, is an industrial city in Hungary's Central Transdanubia region lying along the Danube river. It is in Fejér county. The city was built around the village of Dunapentele.
Dunaújváros is one of the newest cities of the country. It was built in the 1950s during the industrialization of the country under Socialist rule, as a new city next to an already existing village, Dunapentele.
Dunapentele was not built on until the 1950s. The construction started on the Danube's right side. The area has been inhabited since ancient times. When Western Hungary was a Roman province under the name Pannonia, a military camp and a town called Intercisa stood in this place, at the border of the province. The Hungarians conquered the area in the early 10th century. The village Pentele, named after the medieval Greek saint, Pantaleon, was founded shortly after.
Between 1541 and 1688 the village was under Ottoman rule, and during the 15-year war it was completely destroyed. During the freedom fight led by Prince Francis II Rákóczi the place was deserted again. In the 18th century the village began to prosper. In 1830 the village got the right to hold two market days every week. In 1831 there was a cholera epidemic and the peasants revolted. In 1833 Pentele was granted town status (oppidum) by Ferdinand V. The citizens took part in the freedom fight in 1848-49.

wn.com/Dunaújváros
Gansu
Coordinates: 38°0′N 102°20′E / 38°N 102.333°E / 38; 102.333
Gansu (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 甘肃; traditional Chinese: 甘肅; pinyin: Gānsù; Wade–Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.
It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu plateaus, and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south, and Shaanxi to the east. The Yellow River passes through the southern part of the province.
Gansu has a population of 26 million (2009) and has a large concentration of Hui Chinese, and the historical home, along with Shaanxi of the dialect of the Dungans, who are Hui who migrated to Central Asia. The southwestern corner of Gansu is home to a large Tibetan population. The capital is Lanzhou, located in the southeast part of the province. Gansu is abbreviated as "甘" (Gān) or "陇" (Lǒng), and is also known as Long West or Long Right, in reference to the Long Mountain east of Gansu.

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Hungary
Hungary ⁱ/ˈhʌŋɡəri/ (Hungarian: Magyarország [ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ] ( listen)) is a country, which is located in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The country's capital, and largest city, is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, also known as Magyar, which is part of the Finno-Ugric group and is the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe.
Following a Celt (after c. 450 BC) and a Roman (AD 9 - c. 430) period, the foundation of Hungary was laid in the late 9th century by the Hungarian prince Árpád, whose great-grandson Saint Stephen I was crowned with a crown sent by the pope from Rome in 1000 AD. The Kingdom of Hungary lasted for 946 years, and at various points was regarded as one of the cultural centres of the Western world. After about 150 years of partial Ottoman occupation (1541–1699), Hungary was integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy, and later constituted half of the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy (1867–1918).

wn.com/Hungary
Idaho
Idaho (ⁱ/ˈaɪdəhoʊ/) is a state in the Rocky Mountain area of the United States. Idaho is the 14th most expansive, the 39th most populous, and the 7th least densely populated of the 50 United States. The state's largest city and capital is Boise. Residents are called "Idahoans". Idaho was admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890, as the 43rd state.
Idaho is a mountainous state with an area larger than that of all of New England. It is landlocked, surrounded by the states of Washington, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Montana and the Canadian province of British Columbia. However, the network of dams and locks on the Columbia River and Snake River make the city of Lewiston the farthest inland seaport on the Pacific coast of the contiguous United States.
Idaho's nickname is the Gem State, because nearly every known type of gemstone has been found there. In addition, Idaho is one of only two places in the world where star garnets can be found (the other is the Himalaya Mountains, in India)^{[citation needed]}, and is the only place six-pointed star garnets have been found^{[citation needed]}. Additionally Idaho is sometimes called the Potato State owing to its popular crop. The state motto is Esto Perpetua (Latin for "Let it be forever").

wn.com/Idaho
Iowa
Iowa (ⁱ/ˈaɪ.əwə/) is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland". It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New France. After the Louisiana Purchase, settlers laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt. Iowa is often known as the "Food Capital of the World".
In the latter half of the 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy transitioned to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa is the 26th most extensive and the 30th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital and largest city is Des Moines. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states to live in.
Iowa is bordered by the Mississippi River on the east; the Missouri River and the Big Sioux River on the west; the northern boundary is a line along 43 degrees, 30 minutes north latitude. The southern border is the Des Moines River and a not-quite-straight line along approximately 40 degrees 35 minutes north, as decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in Missouri v. Iowa after a standoff between Missouri and Iowa known as the Honey War.

wn.com/Iowa
Kansas
Kansas (ⁱ/ˈkænzəs/) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. It is named after the Kansas River which flows through it, which in turn was named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area. The tribe's name (natively kką:ze) is often said to mean "people of the wind" or "people of the south wind," although this was probably not the term's original meaning. Residents of Kansas are called "Kansans."
For thousands of years what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the Eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the Western part of the state were semi-nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. Kansas was first settled by European Americans in the 1830s, but the pace of settlement accelerated in the 1850s, in the midst of political wars over the slavery issue. When officially opened to settlement by the U.S. government in 1854, abolitionist Free-Staters from New England and pro-slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine if Kansas would become a free state or a slave state. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas. The abolitionists eventually prevailed and on January 29, 1861, Kansas entered the Union as a free state. After the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly, when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. Today, Kansas is one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, sorghum and sunflowers. Kansas is the 15th most extensive and the 33rd most populous of the 50 United States.

wn.com/Kansas
Loess Plateau
The Loess Plateau (simplified Chinese: 黄土高原; traditional Chinese: 黃土高原; pinyin: Huángtǔ Gāoyuán), also known as the Huangtu Plateau, is a plateau that covers an area of some 640,000 km² in the upper and middle reaches of China's Yellow River. Loess is the name for the silty sediment that has been deposited by wind storms on the plateau over the ages. Loess is a highly erosion-prone soil that is susceptible to the forces of wind and water; in fact, the soil of this region has been called the "most highly erodible soil on earth". The Loess Plateau and its dusty soil cover almost all of Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces, as well as parts of Gansu province, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
In ancient times, some of the earliest recorded mention of this area is from travel along the Northern Silk Road. In the last part of the first millennium BC, after the explorer Zhang Qian's return to China, the Han Dynasty pushed the Xiongnu back and trade and cultural exchange flourished along the Northern Silk Road through the southern Loess Plateau. Goods moving by caravan to the west included gold, rubies, jade, textiles, coral, ivory and art works. In the opposite direction moved bronze weapons, furs, ceramics and cinnamon bark.

wn.com/Loess_Plateau
Louisiana
Louisiana (ⁱ/luːˌiːziˈænə/ or ⁱ/ˌluːziˈænə/; French: État de Louisiane, [lwizjan] ( listen); Louisiana Creole: Léta de la Lwizyàn) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Louisiana is the 31st most extensive and the 25th most populous of the 50 United States. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties. The largest parish by population is East Baton Rouge Parish, and the largest by land area is Cameron Parish.
Much of the state was formed from sediment washed down the Mississippi River, leaving enormous deltas and vast areas of coastal marsh and swamp. These contain a rich southern biota; typical examples include birds such as ibis and egrets. There are also many species of tree frogs, and fish such as sturgeon and paddlefish. In more elevated areas, fire is a natural process in the landscape, and has produced extensive areas of longleaf pine forest and wet savannas. These support an exceptionally large number of plant species including many species of orchids and carnivorus plants.

wn.com/Louisiana
Matanuska Glacier
Matanuska Glacier is a valley glacier in the US state of Alaska. At 27 miles (43 km) long by 4 miles (6.4 km) wide, it is the largest glacier accessible by car in the United States. Its terminus is the source of the Matanuska River. It lies near the Glenn Highway about 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Anchorage. Matanuska Glacier flows about 1 foot (30 cm) per day. Due to ablation of the lower glacier, as of 2007^[update], the location of the glacier terminus changed little over the previous three decades.[1]
The glacier is the eponym of the Alaska Marine Highway ferry M/V Matanuska.
Coordinates: 61°39′21″N 147°34′52″W / 61.65583°N 147.58111°W / 61.65583; -147.58111

wn.com/Matanuska_Glacier
Mississippi
Mississippi (ⁱ/ˌmɪsɨˈsɪpi/) is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. The name of the state derives from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, whose name comes from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi ("Great River"). Mississippi is the 32nd most extensive and the 31st most populous of the 50 United States. The state is heavily forested outside of the Mississippi Delta area, which was cleared for cotton cultivation in the 19th century. Today, its catfish aquaculture farms produce the majority of farm-raised catfish consumed in the United States. The state symbol is the magnolia grandiflora tree.
Mississippi is bordered on the north by Tennessee, on the east by Alabama, on the south by Louisiana and a narrow coast on the Gulf of Mexico and on the west, across the Mississippi River, by Louisiana and Arkansas.
In addition to its namesake, major rivers in Mississippi include the Big Black River, the Pearl River, the Yazoo River, the Pascagoula River, and the Tombigbee River. Major lakes include Ross Barnett Reservoir, Arkabutla Lake, Sardis Lake and Grenada Lake. The largest lake in Mississippi is Grenada Lake.

wn.com/Mississippi
Nebraska
Nebraska (ⁱ/nəˈbræskə/) is a state on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. Its state capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha, on the Missouri River.
The state is crossed by many historic trails, but it was the California Gold Rush that first brought large numbers here, and it became a state in 1867. Certain landmarks still compete for the notional distinction 'Where the West Begins'.
There are wide variations between winter and summer temperatures, and violent thunderstorms and tornadoes are common. The state is characterized by treeless prairie, ideal for cattle-grazing, and it is a major producer of beef, as well as pork, maize and soybeans. Nebraska is overwhelmingly rural, as the 8th least-densely populated state of the United States.
Ethnically, the largest group are German-Americans, and the state has the biggest Czech-American population per head. During the Great Migration, many African Americans came to Omaha, and they continue to campaign for improved conditions. More recently, Native American activism has increased, with a drive for self-determination in a climate of co-operation with state officials on regional issues. It is traditionally a Republican-voting state.

wn.com/Nebraska
New York
New York (/njuː ˈjɔrk/; locally IPA: [nɪu ˈjɔək] or [nuː ˈjɔɹk] ( listen)) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. New York is the 27th most extensive, the 3rd most populous, and the 7th most densely populated of the 50 United States. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the west and north, and Quebec to the north. The state of New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
New York City, with a population of over 8.1 million, is the most populous city in the United States. Alone, it makes up over 40 percent of the population of New York state. It is known for its status as a center for finance and culture and for its status as the largest gateway for immigration to the United States. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, New York City is also a destination of choice for many foreign visitors. Both the state and city were named for the 17th century Duke of York, James Stuart, future James II and VII of England and Scotland.

wn.com/New_York
Palouse
The Palouse is a region of the northwestern United States, encompassing parts of southeastern Washington, north central Idaho and, in some definitions, extending south into northeast Oregon. It is a major agricultural area, primarily producing wheat and legumes. Situated about 160 miles (260 km) north of the Oregon Trail, the region experienced rapid growth in the late 19th century, and for a brief time surpassed the population of the Puget Sound region of Washington. The region is home to two land grant universities, the University of Idaho in Moscow and Washington State University in Pullman. Located just eight miles (13 km) apart, both schools opened in the early 1890s.
The origin of the name "Palouse" is unclear. One theory is that the name of the Palus tribe (spelled in early accounts variously Palus, Palloatpallah, Pelusha, et cetera) was converted by French-Canadian fur traders to the more familiar French word pelouse, meaning "land with short and thick grass" or "lawn." Over time, the spelling changed to Palouse. Another theory is that the name was in the first place a French word, describing the area which was then applied to the indigenous people inhabiting it.

wn.com/Palouse
Patagonia
Patagonia is a region located at the southern end of South America, territory shared by Argentina and Chile, boasting some of the most dramatic landscapes on Earth. The region comprises the southern section of the Andes mountains to the southwest towards the Pacific ocean and from the east of the mountain range to the valleys it follows south through Colorado River towards Carmen de Patagones in the Atlantic Ocean. To the west, it includes the territory of Valdivia through Tierra del Fuego archipelago.
The name Patagonia comes from the word patagón used by Magellan in 1520 to describe the native people that his expedition thought to be giants. It is now believed the Patagons were actually Tehuelches with an average height of 180 cm (~5′11″) compared to the 155 cm (~5′1″) average for Spaniards of the time.
The Argentine portion of Patagonia includes the provinces of Neuquén, Río Negro, Chubut and Santa Cruz, as well as the eastern portion of Tierra del Fuego archipelago and the southernmost department of Buenos Aires province: Patagones. The Argentine politico-economic Patagonic Region includes the Province of La Pampa.

wn.com/Patagonia
Shaanxi
Shaanxi (help·info) (simplified Chinese: 陕西; traditional Chinese: 陝西; pinyin: Shǎnxī; Wade–Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a province in the central part of Mainland China, and it includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River in addition to the Qinling Mountains across the southern part of this province. Shaanxi is the historical home, along with Gansu of the dialect of the Dungans, of the Hui people, who emigrated out of China to Central Asia.
By regular Hanyu Pinyin rules, if tone marks are not written, both Shaanxi and the neighbouring province of Shanxi, to the east of Shaanxi, should be spelled "Shanxi"; the difference is in tone: Shānxī (山西) and Shǎnxī (陕西). To make the difference clear without tonal marks, the spelling "Shaanxi" was contrived (following the romanization system of Yuen Ren Chao) for the province of Shǎnxī, while "Shanxi" is used for the province of Shānxī. Shaanxi is the official spelling on Chinese Government's official web portal. This makes "Shaanxi" the only name of Chinese provinces that has not been romanized according to pinyin rules.

wn.com/Shaanxi
Shanxi
Coordinates: 37°42′N 112°24′E / 37.7°N 112.4°E / 37.7; 112.4
Shanxi (help·info) (Chinese: 山西; pinyin: Shānxī; Wade–Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the North China region. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋" (pinyin: Jìn), after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period.
The name Shanxi literally means "mountain's west", which refers to the province's location west of the Taihang Mountains. Shanxi borders Hebei to the east, Henan to the south, Shaanxi to the west, and Inner Mongolia to the north and is made up mainly of a plateau bounded partly by mountain ranges. The capital of the province is Taiyuan.
Shanxi, the territory of state of Jin during the Spring and Autumn Period (722 BC - 403 BC), underwent a three-way split into the states of Han, Zhao and Wei in 403 BC, the traditional date taken as the start of the Warring States Period (403 BC - 221 BC). By 221 BC all of these states had fallen to the state of Qin, which established the Qin Dynasty (221 BC - 206 BC).

wn.com/Shanxi
Vicksburg Campaign
The Vicksburg Campaign was a series of maneuvers and battles in the Western Theater of the American Civil War directed against Vicksburg, Mississippi, a fortress city that dominated the last Confederate-controlled section of the Mississippi River. The Union Army of the Tennessee under Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant gained control of the river by capturing this stronghold and defeating Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton's forces stationed there.
The campaign consisted of many important naval operations, troop maneuvers, failed initiatives, and eleven distinct battles from December 26, 1862, to July 4, 1863. Military historians divide the campaign into two formal phases: Operations Against Vicksburg (December 1862 – January 1863) and Grant's Operations Against Vicksburg (March–July 1863).
Grant initially planned a two-pronged approach in which half of his army, under Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, would advance to the Yazoo River and attempt to reach Vicksburg from the northeast, while Grant took the remainder of the army down the Mississippi Central Railroad. Both of these initiatives failed. Grant conducted a number of "experiments" or expeditions—Grant's Bayou Operations—that attempted to enable waterborne access to the Mississippi south of Vicksburg's artillery batteries. All five of these initiatives failed as well. Finally, Union gunboats and troop transport boats ran the batteries at Vicksburg and met up with Grant's men who had marched overland in Louisiana. On April 29 and April 30, 1863, Grant's army crossed the Mississippi and landed at Bruinsburg, Mississippi. An elaborate series of demonstrations and diversions fooled the Confederates and the landings occurred without opposition. Over the next 17 days, Grant maneuvered his army inland and won five battles, captured the state capital of Jackson, Mississippi, and assaulted and laid siege to Vicksburg.

wn.com/Vicksburg_Campaign
Yazoo River
The Yazoo River is a river in the U.S. state of Mississippi.
The Yazoo River was named by French explorer La Salle in 1682 as "Rivière des Yazous" in reference to the Yazoo tribe living near the river's mouth. The exact meaning of the term is unclear. One long held belief is that it means "river of death".
The river is 188 miles (303 km) long and is formed by the confluence of the Tallahatchie River and the Yalobusha River in Greenwood. The river parallels the Mississippi River in the latter's floodplain for some distance before joining it north of Vicksburg, Mississippi. Natural levees which flank the Mississippi prevent the Yazoo from joining it before Vicksburg. A "yazoo stream" is a hydrologic term which was coined to describe any river or major stream with similar characteristics.
The French (and later European Americans) historically called the surrounding area of Mississippi and Alabama the Yazoo lands, after the river. This became the basis for naming the Yazoo Land Scandal of the late 18th and early 19th century.

wn.com/Yazoo_River
Yellow River
The Yellow River or Huang He, formerly spelled Hwang Ho, is the second-longest river in China after the Yangtze and the sixth-longest in the world at the estimated length of 5,464 kilometers (3,395 mi). Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province in western China, it flows through nine provinces of China and empties into the Bohai Sea. The Yellow River basin has an east-west extent of 1900 km (1,180 mi) and a north-south extent of 1100 km (684 mi). Its total basin area is 742,443 km² (290,520 mi²).
The Yellow River is called "the cradle of Chinese civilization" as its basin – specifically, the Wei valley that cuts across the long Ordos loop – was the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilizations and the most prosperous region in early Chinese history. However, frequent devastating floods and course changes produced by the continual elevation of the river bed, sometimes above the level of its surrounding fields has also earned it the unenviable names "China's Sorrow" and "Scourge of the Sons of Han."

wn.com/Yellow_River

Loess - Nomon

Video of the Loess track nomon...

published: 20 Aug 2006

author: sonic2ndtwelve

Brumal - Loess

from Loess's album 'wind and water' COME TO MY CHANNEL FOR MORE EXPERIMENTAL MUSIC...

published: 14 Jun 2009

author: jmsimpson11

Loess - Viscer

Released: 2003 Info: www.discogs.com...

published: 17 Aug 2011

author: blehrax

Loess (Lomond)

...

published: 21 Jan 2010

author: thedarkdavedolton

Loess - Lull

...

published: 18 Jun 2010

author: PolaSela

Loess - Sonde

Album - Wind & Water...

published: 28 May 2011

author: Minipoofy

loess - sofar

liked the song, just tried to do proper video...hope u'll like it...

published: 04 Nov 2008

author: datautel

Loess - Pleuston

Loess - Loess Label: Nonresponse Country: US Released: 2002 Genre: Electronic Style: Abstr...

published: 04 Dec 2010

author: BohemianTiti

Loess Plateau

The enormity and beauty of this film never fails to stun me. This film made by John D Lui ...

published: 25 Jun 2010

author: Jeremy Colledge

Loess Plateau - China

Home to more than 50 million people, the Loess Plateau in China's Northwest takes its name...

published: 14 Aug 2008

author: WorldBank

Loess - Example 8

Loess - Miles Tilmann - Low Profile Society_3D Concepts...

published: 21 Nov 2009

author: f1kc1a77

The Lessons of the Loess Plateau 1/6

EarthsHope.org The Lessons of the Loess Plateau shows how an ancient civilization failed b...

published: 06 Feb 2009

author: EarthsHopeChannel

Loess - Selkuth

Loess -- Burrows Nonresponse -- nr-005 12 May 2009 Abstract, Downtempo & Ambient...

published: 24 Oct 2011

author: jcotteri

Loess (Fascine)

...

published: 21 Jan 2010

author: thedarkdavedolton

loess

poesia filosòfica...

published: 02 Dec 2012

author: Ambrós

Three days.

Our collectives’ approach to painting and atmosphere of places. Nizhny Novgorod, Russia....

published: 22 Jul 2011

author: CHAIR

Loess Hills Fun

BMW K1600GT in the Loess Hills of W. Iowa. Music by Motorhead....

published: 01 Aug 2012

author: Alain Zarinelli

The Matrix: Featuring Millions of Black Birds

Filmed in Pottawatomie County, Iowa: just west of Hitchcock Nature Center; just east of Om...

published: 07 Nov 2009

author: Jeff Grewe

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photo: AP / Mohamed Sheikh Nor

File - Al-Shabaab fighters display weapons as they conduct military exercises in northern Mogadishu, Somalia,Thursday, Oct. 21, 2010.

French secret service hostage and soldiers killed in Somali rescue mission

The Guardian

12 Jan 2013

Helicopter raid fails to rescue agent 'Denis Allex' from Islamist group al-Shabaab, as French combat pilot killed in Mali. French secret service hostage 'Denis Allex' pictured in Somalia in October 2012. Photograph. SITE Monitoring Service/AFP/Getty Images. A French hostage and two French soldiers have been killed during a failed secret service rescue mission in Somalia ... The group said it had also captured a wounded French commando ... ....(size: 4.7Kb)

photo: US Navy / MCS2 Gretchen Albrecht

File - Electronics Technician 3rd Class Jackie McBride hands a box to Electronics Technician 2nd Class Shawn Cutter as they attempt to clear a street in Staten Island, New York that was leveled during Hurricane Sandy, Nov. 9, 2012.

Now no one can deny that the world is getting warmer

The Observer

13 Jan 2013

The draft version of the US National Climate Assessment, released on Friday, makes remarkable reading – not just for Americans but for all humanity. Put together by a special panel of more than 240 scientists, the federally commissioned report reveals that the US is already reeling under the impact of global warming ... Nor is there any doubt about the cause of these rising temperatures ... A bitter struggle lies ahead ... Sender's name ... ....(size: 6.2Kb)

photo: AP / Kevin Frayer

Indian Hindu holy men, or Naga Sadhus, run naked into the water at Sangam, the confluence of the rivers Ganges, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati, during the royal bath on Makar Sankranti at the start of the Maha Kumbh Mela in Allahabad, India, Monday, Jan. 14, 2013.

Pilgrims Flock to India's Ganges for World's Biggest Festival

Jakarta Globe

14 Jan 2013

Allahabad. Hundreds of thousands of Hindu pilgrims led by naked, ash-covered holy men streamed into the sacred river Ganges on Monday at the start of the world's biggest religious festival. The Kumbh Mela in the Indian town of Allahabad will see up to 100 million worshippers gather over the next 55 days to take a ritual bath in the holy waters, believed to cleanse sins and bestow blessings ... "I am ecstatic ... Agence France-Presse ....(size: 4.2Kb)

photo: AP / NSW Rural Fire Service, Kerry Lawrence

In this Jan. 11, 2013 photo provided by NSW Rural Fire Service, an aircrane dumps water on a fire near Tallong, Australia.

Bushfires rage on in Australia 'helped' by climate change

BBC News

12 Jan 2013

Australian firefighters are continuing to tackle more than 100 bushfires, which have gutted houses and thousands of hectares of land. Officials say temperatures are lower than feared, but gusty winds are making it hard to contain the blazes in New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Six people have been treated for heat exposure, but nobody has died ... ....(size: 1.8Kb)

photo: AP / Adj Nicolas-Nelson Richard, ECPAD

This Sunday Jan.13, 2013 photo provided by the French Army Monday Jan.14, 2013 shows a French Rafale jetfighter landing after a mission to Mali in N'Djamena, Chad.

France strikes Mali rebels

Independent online (SA)

14 Jan 2013

Bamako/Paris - French fighter jets pounded Islamist rebel strongholds deep in northern Mali on Sunday as Paris poured more troops into the capital, Bamako, awaiting a West African force to dislodge al-Qaeda-linked insurgents from the country’s north ... Defence Minister Jean-Yves le Drian said France’s intervention on Friday prevented the advancing rebels from seizing Bamako and vowed air strikes would continue ... – ... Doubt....(size: 6.6Kb)

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Wine deal: Hiedler Gruner Veltliner

Star Tribune

12 Jan 2013

WINE ... That this hasn't happened is no fault of wines such as the Hiedler Loess Kamptal Gruner Veltliner ($20) ... ....(size: 0.8Kb)

The great escape

Deccan Herald

05 Jan 2013

Going away. 1. Granada, Spain. Clacking castanets, tapping heels, strumming guitars as flamenco dancers swirl their skirts, and the snow-capped Sierra Nevadas tower behind the mighty Alhambra ... Spain is what you make of it but, try as you might, it is never dull. Ole!. 2. Istanbul, Turkey ... Bliss. 3. Xi’an, China ... Driving out of the city, through the windblown loess countryside, we visited the world’s greatest, oldest, standing army ... ....(size: 7.5Kb)

Xi Jinping: Man of the People, Statesman of Vision

Caixin Online

25 Dec 2012

A Xinhua special column about members of the Standing Committee of the 18th CPC Central Committee Political Bureau ... (Xinhua) ... Early risers, carrying on their usual morning exercise, did not expect to see a big name ... 15 ... From the Loess Plateau to the southeast coast, from localities to the central leadership, Xi has had a well-rounded political career and has developed a deep understanding of the conditions of his country and people ... ....(size: 7.3Kb)

Xi Jinping: Man of the people

China Daily

25 Dec 2012

Early risers carrying on their usual morning exercise did not expect to see a big name ... From the Loess Plateau to the southeast coast, from localities to the central leadership, Xi has had a well-rounded political career and has developed a deep understanding of the conditions of his country and people ... That area, part of the Loess Plateau, was where the Communist revolutionaries, including his father, rose to found New China....(size: 39.3Kb)

Xi Jinping advocates reform, China Dream

CNTV

23 Dec 2012

BEIJING, Dec. 23 (Xinhua) -- The new helmsman of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Xi Jinping has been acclaimed as a leader advocating reform and the China Dream and bringing a fresh breeze into China's political life ... From the Loess Plateau to the southeast coast, from localities to the central leadership, Xi has had a well-rounded political career and has developed a deep understanding of the conditions of his country and people ... ....(size: 8.2Kb)

Yinchuan-Beijing Tourist Train makes debut (Beijing Municipal Government)

noodls

20 Dec 2012

(Source. Beijing Municipal Government). A Yinchuan-Beijing Tourist branded train named "Magic Ningxia, Oasis in the loess highlands" made its debut at the Yinchuan Railway Station on December 18 ... [Photo. NXNEWS.NET] ... distributed by ... (noodl. 17021083) ....(size: 1.7Kb)

Water to wine

Canberra Times

13 Dec 2012

The castle, in the Wachau Valley, seems to sprout from the surrounding rock above the river. Gary Tippet navigates an oenophile's paradise aboard a sleek river boat in Austria ... A sleek river cruise ship eases away downstream, one of a constant flotilla on the river ... To be fair, some do ... Or down in the light, fertile loess soils of the riverbanks, if it is a full-bodied, peppery gruner veltliner, Austria's native and favourite varietal ... ....(size: 4.0Kb)

In defense of honesty in travel writing

The Examiner

23 Nov 2012

Related topics ... Advertisement ... In Smith and Bayley’s eyes, however, it seems it would have been acceptable for me to have included the incident in my travel book on the Loess Hills of western Iowa, “More or Less Loess.” Apparently, I could even have embellished my account in any manner that didn’t stretch the bounds of credulity to their breaking point ... Jacobs is an award-winning journalist and author of the book, More or Less Loess ... ....(size: 10.4Kb)

Five Scottish Christmas traditions tourists can enjoy

The Examiner

20 Nov 2012

Related topics. TravelScotlandUKglasgowEdinburghChristmas. Advertisement. Christmas celebrations actually were banned in Scotland for hundreds of years thanks first to Oliver Cromwell and then the Church of Scotland. It’s only been about 50 years since the restrictions were finally lifted ... 1. Visit a castle ... 4 and Carols at the Castle on Saturday, Dec ... 2 ... 9 ... 3 ... 4 ... Jacobs is an award-winning journalist and author of the book, More or Less Loess ... ....(size: 9.7Kb)

Reforestation restoring lushness to barren hills (Shanghai Municipal Government)

noodls

19 Nov 2012

Reforestation restoring lushness to barren hills. 11.19.2012 Niu Hentai remembers the Loess Plateau as dismal, dusty and dry seven years ago ... But overgrazing and deforestation stripped away vegetation, allowing the desert to encroach upon the Loess Highlands, where Dacaoping Village is located. "Overnight, people could not open their doors because of the sand outside," Niu recalled ... distributed by ... (noodl. 16648792) ....(size: 2.9Kb)

Ancient Americas events this week, Nov. 19-25, 2012

The Examiner

19 Nov 2012

Related topics ... Advertisement ... "Ancient Astronomy of the Southwest" ... These and other sites are situated in windblown silts (loess) on bedrock bluffs, alluvial terraces, and sand dune deposits, providing avenues for exploring changes in human-environment interactions in the Subarctic ... The Upward Sun River, or /Xaasaa Na’/ in Upper Tanana Athabascan, site is situated on a stabilized sand dune that is capped with over 2 meters of loess ... ....(size: 11.3Kb)

Monaco royal family celebrates National Day

The Examiner

19 Nov 2012

Related topics. Travelmonaconational day. Advertisement. The Principality of Monaco celebrated its national holiday Monday with a military parade past the royal palace ... Earlier, members of the royal family attended Mass at Monaco’s Cathédrale Notre-Dame-Immaculate (Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception).View slideshow. Monaco National Day ... Photo credit.  ... Jacobs is an award-winning journalist and author of the book, More or Less Loess....(size: 8.7Kb)

Five London Christmas traditions tourists can enjoy

The Examiner

16 Nov 2012

Related topics. TravelChristmasLondonUKChristmas market. Advertisement. The British came up with many of the Christmas traditions we cherish (singing carols, kissing under the mistletoe, sending Christmas cards, to name just a few), so it’s no surprise that London can be a magical destination for tourists during the holiday season ... 1 ... 2. Christmas pudding ... 1 ... 3 ... Jacobs is an award-winning journalist and author of the book, More or Less Loess....(size: 8.9Kb)

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Look up loess in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

This article is about the geologic material. For the statistical technique, see local regression.

Loess in Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA.

An outcrop of loess in Patagonia, Argentina.

Loess (/ˈloʊ.əs/, /ˈlʌs/, /ˈlɛs/, or UK /ˈlɜrs/) is an aeolian sediment formed by the accumulation of wind-blown silt, typically in the 20–50 micrometre size range, twenty percent or less clay and the balance equal parts sand and silt ^[1] that are loosely cemented by calcium carbonate. It is usually homogeneous and highly porous and is traversed by vertical capillaries that permit the sediment to fracture and form vertical bluffs.

The word loess, with connotations of origin by wind-deposited accumulation, is of German origin and means “loose.” It was first applied to Rhine River valley loess about 1821.^[2]

1 Properties
2 Etymology
3 Formation
- 3.1 Periglacial loess
- 3.2 Non-glacial
4 Fertility
5 Sites
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Properties [link]

Loess near Hunyuan, Shanxi province, China.

Loess is homogeneous, porous, friable, pale yellow or buff, slightly coherent, typically non-stratified and often calcareous. Loess grains are angular with little polishing or rounding and composed of crystals of quartz, feldspar, mica and other minerals. Loess can be described as a rich, dust-like soil.^[3]

Loess deposits may become very thick; more than a hundred metres in areas of China and the Midwestern United States. It generally occurs as a blanket deposit that covers areas of hundreds of square kilometres and tens of metres thick.

Loess often stands in either steep or vertical faces.^[4] Because the grains are angular, loess will often stand in banks for many years without slumping. This soil has a characteristic called vertical cleavage which makes it easily excavated to form cave dwellings, a popular method of making human habitations in some parts of China. Loess will erode very readily.

In several areas of the world, loess ridges have formed that are aligned with the prevailing winds during the last glacial maximum. These are called paha ridges in America and greda ridges in Europe. The form of these loess dunes has been explained by a combination of wind and tundra conditions.

Etymology [link]

Loess comes from the German Löss or Löß, and ultimately from Alemannic lösch meaning loose as named by peasants and masons along the Rhine Valley.

Formation [link]

Periglacial loess [link]

Periglacial (Glacial) loess is derived from the floodplains of glacial braided rivers that carried large volumes of glacial meltwater and sediments from the annual melting of continental icesheets and mountain icecaps during the summer. During the fall and winter, when melting of the icesheets and icecaps ceased, the flow of meltwater down these rivers either ceased or was greatly reduced. As a consequence, large parts of the formerly submerged and unvegetated floodplains of these braided rivers dried out and were exposed to the wind. Because these floodplains consist of sediment containing a high content of glacially ground flour-like silt and clay, they were highly susceptible to winnowing of their silts and clays by the wind. Once entrained by the wind, particles were then deposited downwind. The loess deposits found along both sides of the Mississippi River Alluvial Valley are a classic example of periglacial loess.^[5]^[6]

Non-glacial [link]

Non-glacial loess can originate from deserts, dune fields, playa lakes, and volcanic ash.

Some types of nonglacial loess are:^[7]

Volcanic loess in Ecuador and Argentina.
Tropical loess in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay.
Gypsum loess in Spain.
Trade wind loess in Venezuela and Brazil
Anticyclonic loess in Argentina.

The thick Chinese loess deposits are non-glacial loess having been blown in from deserts in northern China.^[8] The loess covering the Great Plains of Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado is non-glacial desert loess. Non-glacial desert loess is also found in Australia.^[9] and Africa^[6]

Fertility [link]

Loess tends to develop into very rich soils. Under appropriate climatic conditions it is some of the most agriculturally productive terrain in the world.^[10]

Soils underlain by loess tend to be excessively drained. The fine grains weather rapidly due to their large surface area making soils derived from loess very rich. One theory states that the fertility of loess soils is due largely to cation exchange capacity (the ability of plants to absorb nutrients from the soil) and porosity (the air-filled space in the soil). The fertility of Loess is not due to organic matter content, which tends to be rather low, unlike tropical soils which derive their fertility almost wholly from organic matter.

Even well managed loess farmland can experience dramatic erosion of well over 2.5 kg per square meter per year. Although in geological time loess has an incredible rate of erosion, in a more human time scale loess is durable and resistant to maltreatment. In China loess deposits along the Yellow River have been farmed and have produced phenomenal yields for over one thousand years. A large amount of the credit for this goes to the farmers; Chinese farmers were the first to practice active erosion control. The largest deposit of loess in the United States, the Loess Hills along the border of Iowa and Nebraska, has survived intensive farming and poor farming practices. For almost 150 years this loess deposit was farmed with mouldboard ploughs and fall tilled, both intensely erosive. At times it suffered erosion rates of over 10 kilograms per square meter per year. Today this loess deposit is worked as low till or no till in all areas and is aggressively terraced.

Sites [link]

The Loess Hills of Iowa owe their fertility to the prairie topsoils built by 10,000 years of post-glacial accumulation of organic-rich humus as a consequence of a persistent grassland biome. When the valuable A-horizon topsoil is eroded or degraded, the underlying loess soil is infertile, and requires the addition of fertilizer in order to support agriculture.

The loess along the Mississippi River near Vicksburg, Mississippi consist of three layers. The Peoria Loess, Sicily Island Loess, and Crowley's Ridge Loess accumulated at different periods of time during the Pleistocene. Ancient soils, called paleosols, have developed in the top of the Sicily Island Loess and Crowley's Ridge Loess. The lowermost loess, the Crowley's Ridge Loess, accumulated during the late Illinoian Stage. The middle loess, Sicily Island Loess, accumulated during early Wisconsin Stage. The uppermost loess, the Peoria Loess, in which the modern soil has developed, accumulated during the late Wisconsin Stage. Animal remains include terrestrial gastropods and mastodons.^[11]

Loess soil forms sharp hills east of the Mississippi River and Yazoo River in western Mississippi north and south of Vicksburg. These deposits are more than 30 m thick (comparable to those in Iowa) immediately above the river valleys, to which they are sub-parallel, and thin to trace thickness within 40 km to the east. Streams and gulleys are incised very deeply and sharply between the linear loess ridges making topography very important in the conduct of military operations for the Vicksburg Campaign.

The Palouse Hills of eastern Washington and northern Idaho is a fertile agricultural region based on loess deposits.

Glacial loess from the Matanuska Glacier blown into Matanuska Valley created the fertile soil conditions that motivated the Matanuska Colony resettlement experiment in Alaska during the Great Depression.

The Loess Plateau (simplified Chinese: 黄土高原; traditional Chinese: 黃土高原; pinyin: huángtǔ gāoyuán), also known as the Huangtu Plateau, is a plateau that covers an area of some 640,000 km² in the upper and middle of China's Yellow River and China proper. The soil of this region has been called the "most highly erodible soil on earth".^[12] The Loess Plateau and its dusty soil cover almost all of Shanxi, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces, the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and parts of others.

Hungary has several areas that are covered by loess. At locations such as Dunaújváros and Balatonakarattya, loess walls are exposed as loess reefs. Similar formations exist in Romania (Wallachian Plain) and in Bulgaria on the south bank of the Danube.

Central Belgium is covered by thick loess stacks. Neanderthal artifacts were found within the soils between the loess layers of the Veldwezelt-Hezerwater.

Crowley's Ridge in Arkansas is a natural loess accumulation point.

References [link]

^ Donahue, Miller, Shickluna 1977. Soils: An Introduction to Soils and Plant Growth, 4th edition. Prentice Hall
^ http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/346022/loess
^ Pearson Prentice Hall - World Studies - Europe and Russia
^ Neuendorf, K.E.K., J.P. Mehl, Jr., and J.A. Jackson, 2005, Glossary of Geology. Springer-Verlag, New York, 779 pp., ISBN 3-540-27951-2
^ Bettis, E.A., III, D.R. Muhs, H.M. Roberts, and A.G. Wintle, 2003, Last glacial loess in the conterminous U.S.A. Quaternary Science Reviews. vol. 22, pp. 1907-1946.
^ ^a ^b Muhs, D.R., and E.A. Bettis, III, 2003, Quaternary loess-paleosol sequences as examples of climate-driven sedimentary extremes. Geological Society of America Special Paper no. 370, pp. 53-74.
^ Iriondo, M.H., and D.M. Krohling, 2007, Non-classical types of loess. Sedimentary Geology. vol. 202, no. 3, pp. 352-368.
^ Ding, Z., and J. Sun, 1999, Changes in Sand Content of Loess Deposits along a North–South Transect of the Chinese Loess Plateau and the Implications for Desert Variations. Quaternary Research. vol. 52, pp. 56–62.
^ Haberlah, D (2007). "A call for Australian loess". AREA 39 (2): 224–229. DOI:10.1111/j.1475-4762.2007.00730.x.
^ Getis, Arthur; Judith Getis and Jerome D. Fellmann (2000). Introduction to Geography, Seventh Edition. McGraw Hill. pp. 99. ISBN 0-697-38506-X.
^ Miller, B.J., G.C. Lewis, J.J. Alford, and W.J. Day, 1985, Loesses in Louisiana and at Vicksburg, Mississippi. Guidebook, Friends of the Pleistocene Field Trip, 12-14 April, 1985. LA Agricultural Experimental Station, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 126 pp.
^ John M. Laflen, Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming, 2000, CRC Press, 736 pages ISBN 0-8493-2349-5

External links [link]

2006, The Secret of China’s Vast Loess Plateau Suburban Emergency Management Project, Chicago, Illinois.
2007, New European Loess Map. Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany.
Glacial Deposits: Loess and Till. Illinois State Museum, Springfield, Illinois.
Briedis. C.A., 2006, Loess Thickness Map (of Illinois). Illinois State Geological Survey, Champaign, Illinois.
Gill, T.E., A. Warren, and J.E. Stout, 2008, The Bibliography of Aeolian Research. Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Lubbock, Texas.
Heinrich, P.V., 2008, Loess map of Louisiana., Public Information Series. no. 12, Louisiana Geological Survey, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
Prior, J.C., and D.J. Quade, nd, The Loess Hills: A Geologic View. Iowa Geological Survey, Department of Natural Resources, Iowa City, Iowa.
U.S. Geological Survey, 1999, Geology of the Loess Hills, Iowa
U.S. Geological Survey, 2006, Eolian History of North America Why is loess important to study?
The Loess Hills of Western Iowa
The Loess Hills of Roztocze

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loess

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For other uses of the name John Liu, see John Liu (disambiguation).

John C. Liu 劉醇逸

Liu at the 2009 West Indian Day Parade.
New York City Comptroller
Incumbent
Assumed office January 1, 2010
Mayor	Michael Bloomberg
Preceded by	Bill Thompson
Member of the New York City Council from the 20th District
In office January 2002 – January 2010
Preceded by	Julia Harrison
Succeeded by	Peter Koo
Constituency	Queens: Flushing, Queensboro Hill, Mitchell Gardens, Kissena Park, Harding Heights, Auburndale; part of Whitestone
Personal details
Born	(1967-01-08) January 8, 1967 (age 45) Taiwan
Political party	Democratic
Spouse(s)	Jenny Liu
Children	Joey
Residence	Flushing, New York, United States
Alma mater	Binghamton University
Profession	Politician
Website	Office of the Comptroller

John Liu

Traditional Chinese

劉醇逸

Simplified Chinese

刘醇逸

Transcriptions
Mandarin
- Hanyu Pinyin	Liú Chúnyì

John Chun Liu (born January 8, 1967 in Taiwan) is a New York City elected official, currently serving as New York City Comptroller and running for the 2013 mayoral race. Liu previously served on the New York City Council representing District 20. He was elected to the City Council in 2001 to represent northeast Queens, and was re-elected in 2003 and 2005.

Liu entered the New York City Comptroller election in 2009 and won the race on November 3, 2009, becoming the first Asian American to be elected to a city-wide office in New York City.^[1]^[2] He was succeeded in the City Council by pharmacist Republican Peter Koo. Koo, along with Democrat Margaret Chin, a Council member from Manhattan, comprise the Asian-American delegation of the Council.^[3]

Liu's campaign fundraising practices are under investigation for violations of campaign finance law and possible use of foreign funds.^[4] Two individuals tied to the Liu campaign have been arrested on charges of wire fraud and obstruction of justice.^[5]

1 Biography
2 Political career
- 2.1 Asian Political Leadership Fund
3 Controversy
- 3.1 Fundraising irregularities
- 3.2 Foreign fundraising issue
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
7 External links

Biography [link]

At the age of five, he moved with his family to the United States from Taiwan. Chang F. Liu, his father, was a Master of Business Administration student and bank teller who worked 12 hour days.^[6] In honor of John F. Kennedy, Liu's father changed his sons' names to John, Robert, and Edward, and his own name to Joseph. Although both his parents spoke Chinese, Liu cannot speak it himself.^[7]

He attended PS 20 in Queens and the Bronx High School of Science to 1985,^[8]^[9] doing community organizing and volunteer work in his spare time.^[6]

He attended Binghamton University where he majored in Mathematical Physics and graduated in 1988.^[8] He worked as a manager at PricewaterhouseCoopers and served as President of the North Flushing Civic Association before his election to the City Council.^[8]^[10]

Liu is married to Jenny Liu, an engineer, and has one son, Joey. He resides in Flushing, near where he grew up.

Political career [link]

Elected to the New York City Council in 2001 to represent District 20, the northeast Queens area (Flushing, Queensboro Hill, Mitchell Linden, Murray Hill, Holly, Kissena Park, Harding Heights, Auburndale, part of Whitestone), Liu is the first Asian American to be elected to the City Council.^[6] He served as the Chairperson of the New York City Council's Transportation Committee and also served on the committees on Education, Consumer Affairs, Health, Land Use, Contracts, Oversight & Investigations and Lower Manhattan Redevelopment.^[11]

In March 2009, Liu announced that he was running for the post of New York City Comptroller.^[12] Liu has raised $3 million for his political run, more than his competitors. ^[13]

Beginning in May, Liu picked up several endorsements. The Village Independent Democrats,^[14] The Queens County Democratic organization,^[15] the local Americans for Democratic Action chapter^[16] and the Working Families Party,^[17] 1199 SEIU union local and the Uniformed Firefighters Association endorsed him.^[18] On September 1, the United Federation of Teachers endorsed Liu.

In the September 15 Democratic primary, Liu was the front-runner, ending up with 133,986 votes, or 38 percent of the vote. Because he did not manage to reach 40 of the vote, a run-off election was required between Liu and runner-up David Yassky, who received 30 percent of the vote in the primary.^[19] Two weeks later, Liu won the run-off by taking 55.6% of the vote against Yassky.^[20]^[21]

In the general election on November 3, Liu won the comptroller election with 76% of the vote, a total of 696,330 votes. Republican candidate Joseph Mendola came in second with 19.3% of the vote. After he was officially sworn in to the post, Liu became the first Asian American to hold a city-wide political office in New York City.^[1]^[2]

Asian Political Leadership Fund [link]

Liu is one of the leaders of the Asian Political Leadership Fund, a federally-designated 527 fund whose purpose is to promote political leadership from within the Asian American community.^[22]

Controversy [link]

Fundraising irregularities [link]

Investigations into the fundraising practices of Liu's election campaigns found numerous irregularities, including the use of straw donors and undisclosed bundling.^[23] A New York Times article in October 2011 documented several inconsistencies: after canvassing 100 households that were listed as having donated to the campaign, 24 irregularities were found, including donations from individuals who claimed they never donated, whose employers donated in their names, and several purported donors who did not appear to exist and could not be found.^[23] Campaign finance laws stipulate that each individual donor must fill out donor cards themselves, and that individuals who "bundle" donations must be disclosed. Liu's donor records, however, did not disclose the identity of bundlers, and included multiple instances where several donor cards were written by the same hand. Many of the irregularities in Liu's campaign were connected to the Chinese business community in Queens.^[23] In New York City, every dollar donated to a candidate is matched with $6 in taxpayer money.^[23]

Following publication of the New York Times article, the Federal Bureau of Investigation began investigating the irregularities in Liu's campaign.^[24] In November 17, 2011, one of Liu's fundraisers, 46-year-old Oliver Pan (潘心武, Pān Xīnwǔ), was arrested on charges of wire fraud from illegal donations.^[25]^[26] Pan was approached by an undercover FBI agent posing as someone who wanted to donate US$16,000 to Liu, which was over the city donation limit was only $4,950 for individual contributions.^[25] Pan then arranged for 20 fictitious donors to make donations to Liu's campaign with the money provided by the undercover FBI agent.^[26]

Initially in the first half of 2011 Liu has already received more than $1 million from fund raising contributions to his mayor run for supposedly 2013.^[25]^[27]

In light of the allegations of campaign finance fraud, Liu hired former state attorney general Robert Abrams to conduct a review of his campaign finances. However, in November 2011, Liu asked Abrams to suspend his inquiry in light of the ongoing FBI investigations. Abrams resigned on November 17.^[28]

In February 2012, a treasurer with the Liu campaign was arrested. 25-year-old Jenny (Jia) Hou was charged with using straw donors to circumvent campaign finance laws and gain more matching funds from taxpayers.^[29]

Foreign fundraising issue [link]

In late 2009, Manhattan federal prosecutors launched an investigation into the possibility that foreign money had flowed illegally into Liu's campaign for comptroller.^[4]^[28]

Pan is the president of a company called "Golden Arrow Property" (金箭房地產有限責公司).^[28] Oliver Pan's office is in 35 East Broadway, New York room 506 handles finance, banking, insurance and real estate.^[27] He also has an office in Mendham New Jersey.^[30] Some people in the Chinese community believe Liu is being framed.^[27] Pan's funding activities extended beyond Liu, as he was listed as a fundraiser for Hillary Clinton during the 2008 presidential campaign.^[30] Ru Mei-hua (盧美華 Lú Měihuá), director of planning for John Liu, helped him rise from a councilman 10 years ago to a major political force mainly connecting Liu to a network of Asian American businessmen in NY.^[31] She has been considered a key to understanding the fund raising details from donors, but denied requests to be interviewed.^[31]

References [link]

^ ^a ^b "2009 Election Results". The New York Times. November 4, 2009. http://elections.nytimes.com/2009/results/index.html. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
^ ^a ^b Victoria Cavaliere (November 4, 2009). "Liu Becomes First Asian-American in City-Wide Office". NBC. http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/politics/Liu-Becomes-1st-Asian-in-City-Wide-Office-69023447.html. Retrieved November 4, 2009.
^ John Liu, Peter Koo, Margaret Chin Sworn Into New York City Offices
^ ^a ^b Benjamin Weiser and William Rashbaum, "Fund-Raising by City Comptroller Is Investigated", New York Times, November 14, 2011.
^ Reuters, NYC comptroller campaign treasurer charged with fraud, February 28, 2012. Accessed February 28, 2012.
^ ^a ^b ^c Janet Dang (May 25, 2000). "Building Trust: Candidate vies to become first API New York City Council member". AsianWeek. http://www.asianweek.com/2000_05_25/news_johnliu.html. Retrieved November 8, 2007.
^ O'Donnell, Michelle (April 22, 2006). "Political Trailblazer Is Quick to a Microphone". The New York Times. http://travel2.nytimes.com/2006/08/22/nyregion/22liu.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved September 9, 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c Official Biography of John C. Liu on the NYC Council website. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ Official Opening of Bronx Science's New Foreign Language Laboratory on December 3, 2008: Queens Councilman John C. Liu, a Bronx Science alumnus, Class of 1985, was instrumental in procuring the funding for this Laboratory. Found at The Bronx High School of Science official website. Accessed September 30, 2009.
^ "About John Liu". People for John Liu. http://www.liunewyork.com/node/1. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
^ "John C. Liu". New York City Council. http://council.nyc.gov/d20/html/members/home.shtml. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
^ Pete Davis (March 11, 2009). "John Liu now running for City Comptroller". The Queens Courier. http://www.queenscourier.com/articles/2009/03/11/news/top_stories/doc49b7ee7d239a7385994742.txt. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
^ JONATHAN P. HICKS (September 25, 2008). "Queens Councilman Leaning Toward Comptroller Run". New York Times City Page Blog. http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/09/25/queens-councilman-leaning-toward-comptroller-run/. Retrieved July 9, 2009.
^ "Village Independent Democrats". Villagedemocrats.org. http://www.villagedemocrats.org/. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
^ Queens Chronicle, May 28, 2009 http://www.workingfamiliesparty.org/2009/04/wfp-endorses-councilmember-john-liu-for-comptroller/
^ The Daily Gotham http://dailygotham.com/mole333/blog/americansfordemocraticactionendorsementsforsept15thprimary
^ April 23, 2009 http://www.workingfamiliesparty.org/2009/04/wfp-endorses-councilmember-john-liu-for-comptroller/
^ Fahim, Kareem; Bosman, Julie (August 31, 2009). "Liu and de Blasio Gain Key Endorsements". The New York Times. http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/31/liu-gains-key-endorsement-in-comptroller-race/?pagemode=print. Retrieved May 6, 2010.
^ "Community Newspaper Group". Yournabe.com. http://www.yournabe.com/articles/2009/09/17/queens_village_times/news/queens_village_times_newshzmhfwa09162009.txt. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
^ "De Blasio, Liu Claim Victory In Primary Runoff". NY1. September 29, 2009. http://www.ny1.com/content/top_stories/106555/de-blasio--liu-claim-victory-in-primary-runoff/Default.aspx. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
^ Bosman, Julie; Fahim, Kareem (September 29, 2009). "De Blasio and Liu Win in N.Y. Democratic Runoffs". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/30/nyregion/30elect.html?ref=todayspaper. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
^ Sam Yoon. "About Us". Asian Political Leadership Fund. http://asianleader.org/inner.asp?z=1. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Raymond Hernandez and David Chen, "Doubts Raised on Donations to Comptroller" New York Times, October 11, 2011.
^ William Rashbaum and David Chen, "More Liu Donors Said to Be Examined in Fund-Raising Inquiry" New York Times, December 15, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c "John Liu fundraiser Xing Wu Pan charged with campaign fraud | 7online.com". Abclocal.go.com. http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/politics&id=8434261. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
^ ^a ^b William Rashbaum, "Fund-Raiser for Liu is Accused of Role in Illegal Donations", New York Times, November 16, 2011.
^ ^a ^b ^c Singtao November 17, 2011. 醇華劉逸裔主被捕. Section A1, B2.
^ ^a ^b ^c Howard, Michael. "Abrams Resigns From Liu Inquiry". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203611404577044782101899616.html?mod=googlenews_wsj. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
^ Jonathan Dienst, John Liu Campaign Treasurer Arrested, NBC, Feb 28, 2012. Accessed −February 28, 2012.
^ ^a ^b Campanile, Carl (January 1, 2011). "Top fund-raiser for New York City Comptroller John Liu charged with funneling sham donations". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/p/news/local/bust_for_johnny_cash_dy4v35xNx9D4mJaKeDfBSN. Retrieved November 18, 2011.
^ ^a ^b "Quiet Aide to Liu Helped Build a Donor Base Now Under Scrutiny". The New York Times. November 30, 2011. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/nyregion/behind-rise-of-liu-quiet-architect-of-his-campaign-financing.html. Retrieved December 4, 2011.

Political offices
Preceded by Julia Harrison	New York City Council, 20th District 2002–2009	Succeeded by Peter Koo
Preceded by Bill Thompson	New York City Comptroller 2010–present	Incumbent

v t e New York City Comptrollers since the 1898 Consolidation

Coler Grout Metz Pendergast Craig Berry McAneny Cunningham McGoldrick Taylor McGoldrick Joseph Gerosa Beame Procaccino Beame Goldin Holtzman Hevesi Thompson Liu

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Name	Liu, John
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Date of birth	1967-01-08
Place of birth	Taiwan
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